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1
Tran, Ulrich S., Thomas Walter, and Andreas Remmel. "Faktoren psychosozialer Beeinträchtigung." Diagnostica 58, no. 2 (April 2012): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000058.
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Zusammenfassung. Routinemäßige Qualitätssicherung und Erfolgsforschung in der Psychotherapie sollte nach Expertenmeinung mehrdimensional erfolgen. Dazu können einerseits eigens entworfene klinische Instrumente („core batteries”) oder Batterien etablierter Einzelinstrumente eingesetzt werden. Empirisch zeigt sich jedoch, dass „core batteries” meist durch einen Generalfaktor dominiert werden, ähnlich wie die weit verbreitete und ebenso mehrdimensional konzipierte SCL-90-R. Anhand einer Stichprobe psychosomatischer Patienten mit heterogenen Diagnosen (N = 1285) wird demonstriert, dass dies ebenso für eine Batterie anderer klinischer Skalen (BDI, IIP-D, SF-36, SOC-29, STAI, STAXI, TAS-26) zutrifft. Der Raum, der zudem durch diese Skalen mit der SCL-90-R gebildet wird, ist vierdimensional und wird durch „psychische Belastung” sowie drei Faktoren zum interpersonellen Verhalten und Problemen aufgespannt. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse für die klinische Forschung und Theoriebildung, wie für die mehrdimensionale Evaluation wird diskutiert.
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Prasanna, V., and G. Ravi. "An effective control approach of hybrid energy storage system based on moth flame optimization." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i1.pp165-177.
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In modern days, renewable sources increase the independence of urban energy infrastructures from remote sources and grids. In renewable energy systems (RES) systems, batteries are frequently used to close the power gap between the power supply and the load demand. Due to the variable behavior of RES and the fluctuating power requirements of the load, batteries frequently experience repeated deep cycles and uneven charging patterns. The battery's lifespan would be shortened by these actions, and increase the replacement cost. This research provides an effective control method for a solar-wind model with a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in order to extend battery’s lives expectancy by lowering intermittent strain and high current need. Unlike traditional techniques, the suggested control scheme includes a low-pass filter (LPF) and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). To begin, LPF reduces the fluctuating aspects of battery consumption. FLC lowers the battery's high current need while continuously monitoring the supercapacitor's level of charge. The moth flame optimization (MFO) optimizes the FLC's membership functions to get the best peak current attenuation in batteries. The proposed model is compared to standard control procedures namely rule based controller and filtration-based controller. When compared to the conventional system, the suggested method significantly reduces peak current and high power of the battery. Furthermore, when compared to standard control procedures, the suggested solution boosts supercapacitor utilization appreciably.
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Perdu, Fabien. "Quelle place pour les batteries dans une transition bas carbone ?" Reflets de la physique, no. 77 (February 2024): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/202477122.
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Plusieurs pans de la « transition énergétique », en particulier l’évolution du secteur électrique et l’électrification des transports, reposent sur le stockage d’énergie et notamment sur les batteries. Après avoir décrit la constitution et le fonctionnement d’une batterie lithium-ion, nous analysons les progrès espérés et l’impact environnemental de ces batteries dans le cas d’un déploiement massif. Enfin, nous tentons de mieux cerner les usages pour lesquels les batteries sont vraiment pertinentes et ceux pour lesquels il convient de trouver des solutions complémentaires.
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Mackereth, Matthew, Rong Kou, and Sohail Anwar. "Zinc-Ion Battery Research and Development: A Brief Overview." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 8, no. 5 (October 20, 2023): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.5.2983.
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With the advancement in the technology of lithium-ion batteries, the popularity and awareness of rechargeable, durable, long-lasting, and lightweight ion batteries have been in the public eye for a while now. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) is not the only type of ion battery out there. Zinc-ion (Zn-ion) batteries are a heavier, but safer, cheaper, and environmentally friendly form of this battery technology that has uses when portability is not the primary objective. One such use case is large format energy storage for intermittent renewable energy such as solar and wind fields for when the sun is no longer shining, or the wind blowing. One of the disadvantages of Zn-ion batteries is that the current battery life needs to be increased to stand a chance against Li-ion batteries in terms of consumer demands. This paper describes the effect of electrode structures and charging/discharging rates on battery cycle life in coin cells. The symmetric cell study shows that higher charging/discharging rates decrease the battery's cycle life, and the polymer-coated Zn anodes improve the battery's cycle life. It is also noted that maintaining good contact with all the major components in batteries is crucial for batteries to work properly. The battery-making process carried out in the lab and the important details of battery manufacturing are described in this manuscript.
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Jiang, Shida, and Zhengxiang Song. "Estimating the State of Health of Lithium-Ion Batteries with a High Discharge Rate through Impedance." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 4833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164833.
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Lithium-ion batteries are an attractive power source in many scenarios. In some particular cases, including providing backup power for drones, frequency modulation, and powering electric tools, lithium-ion batteries are required to discharge at a high rate (2~20 C). In this work, we present a method to estimate the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries with a high discharge rate using the battery’s impedance at three characteristic frequencies. Firstly, a battery model is used to fit the impedance spectrum of twelve LiFePO4 batteries. Secondly, a basic estimation model is built to estimate the SOH of the batteries via the parameters of the battery model. The model is trained using the data of six batteries and is tested on another six. The RMS of relative error of the model is lower than 4.2% at 10 C and lower than 2.8% at 15 C, even when the low-frequency feature of the impedance spectrum is ignored. Thirdly, we adapt the basic model so that the SOH estimation can be performed only using the battery’s impedance at three characteristic frequencies without having to measure the entire impedance spectrum. The RMS of relative error of this adapted model at 10 C and 15 C is 3.11% and 4.25%, respectively.
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Ling Chan, Ko, and Douglas A. Brownridge. "Personality Characteristics of Chinese Male Batterers: An Exploratory Study of Women's Reports From a Refuge Sample of Battered Women in Hong Kong." American Journal of Men's Health 2, no. 3 (November 7, 2007): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988307308000.
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This study examined the personality characteristics of Chinese male batterers in a cohort of 210 Chinese battered women drawn from a refuge in Hong Kong. Participants were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to examine the prevalence and incidence of violence they experienced. The incidence of battering in the preceding year was compared against the characteristics of male batterers using independent t tests. Logistic regression was preformed with the personality characteristics and battering. The results showed that a number of personality characteristics, in particular poor anger management and approval of the use of violence, were more frequent among batterers who were physically assaultive toward their partners. The findings of this study suggested the possibility of an association between child abuse and battering. The results have important implications for interventions with batterers in terms of the assessment and provision of batterer intervention programs.
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Haider, Syed Naeem, Qianchuan Zhao, and Xueliang Li. "Cluster-Based Prediction for Batteries in Data Centers." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051085.
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Prediction of a battery’s health in data centers plays a significant role in Battery Management Systems (BMS). Data centers use thousands of batteries, and their lifespan ultimately decreases over time. Predicting battery’s degradation status is very critical, even before the first failure is encountered during its discharge cycle, which also turns out to be a very difficult task in real life. Therefore, a framework to improve Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) accuracy for forecasting battery’s health with clustered predictors is proposed. Clustering approaches, such as Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) or k-shape-based, are beneficial to find patterns in data sets with multiple time series. The aspect of large number of batteries in a data center is used to cluster the voltage patterns, which are further utilized to improve the accuracy of the ARIMA model. Our proposed work shows that the forecasting accuracy of the ARIMA model is significantly improved by applying the results of the clustered predictor for batteries in a real data center. This paper presents the actual historical data of 40 batteries of the large-scale data center for one whole year to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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Dr.L, Sathees kumar. "Consumer attitude towards exide BATTERIES." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 29, 2020): 1304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201102.
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Ruan, Hulong, Zeyuan Li, Qixing Jia, Junjun Wang, and Lina Chen. "Nanomaterials for Zinc Batteries—Aerogels." Nanomaterials 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2025): 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030194.
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Aqueous zinc batteries, mainly including Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) and Zn–air batteries (ZABs), are promising energy storage systems, but challenges exist at their current stage. For instance, the zinc anode in aqueous electrolyte is impacted by anodic dendrites, hydrogen and oxygen precipitation, and some other harmful side reactions, which severely affect the battery’s lifespan. As for traditional cathode materials in ZIBs, low electrical conductivity, slow Zn2+ ion migration, and easy collapse of the crystal structure during ion embedding and migration bring challenges. Also, the slower critical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), for example, in ZABs shows unsatisfactory results. All these issues greatly hindered the development of zinc batteries. Aerogel materials, characterized by their high specific surface area, unique open-pore structure formed by nanoporous structures, and excellent physicochemical properties, have a positive role in cathode modification, electrode protection, and catalytic reactions in zinc batteries. This manuscript provides a systematic review of aerogel materials, highlighting advancements in their preparation and application for zinc batteries, aiming to promote the future progress and development of aerogel nanomaterials and zinc batteries.
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Chen, Pengfei, Ziwei Lin, Tian Tan, and Yongzheng Zhang. "Lithium-Ion Battery Development with High Energy Density." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3849.
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With the increasing development of technology, the battery's energy density has improved significantly, which led to improvements in numerous fields, such as the manufacture of electrical vehicles and phones. However, we found out that the battery's energy density is still not as high as expected. For example, electric aircraft are still not ready for mass production as the cost of the production is magnificent. This report will start with the introduction of batteries and how batteries are related to electrical cars to find out the energy density problems of batteries and how to solve those problems. Next, there will be an introduction to electrodes and electrolytes. We will focus on the different properties provided by different materials used to make them up and how to select them.
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Xu, Sheng. "Strategies for electrolyte modification of lithium-ion batteries under low-temperature environments." E3S Web of Conferences 553 (2024): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455301015.
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Because of their high energy density, high voltage platform, extended cycle life, lack of memory effect, low self-discharge rate, environmental friendliness, and quick charging, lithium-ion batteries, or LIBs, are a vital component of contemporary electronic gadgets. Temperature has a complicated and wide-ranging effect on lithium-ion batteries, though. Lithium-ion batteries will have much-reduced performance, particularly in low-temperature conditions. The total performance of batteries is significantly impacted by the quality and performance of electrolytes in China. In particular, the electrolyte’s purpose in lithium-ion batteries is primarily to convey lithium ions; the battery’s ability to function at low temperatures is greatly influenced by the electrolyte’s ion conductivity and SEI film-forming capabilities. Thus, this article begins by providing an overview of the fundamental composition and properties of lithium-ion batteries. The impact of low-temperature circumstances on lithium ion performance was then discussed. Lastly, many modification techniques were suggested from the electrolyte’s point of view to enhance lithium-ion battery performance in low-temperature settings.
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Ahad, Dr Shaik Abdul. "Electrification in Ship." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35856.
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In ships electricity is generated by the use of alternators. These alternators are equipped with an inbuilt rectifier which gives a DC output. Depending on the speed of the alternator the output voltage will be either 48-volts or 12-volts. Now the ship generally has two different batteries with 48-volts (housing battery’s) and 12-volts (Engine block battery’s). These batteries are responsible for providing power for both engine block and for housing purpose as well. This battery’s need to be charged. When the alternator is providing a output voltage of 48-volts the 48-volts will be directly charged and a buck convertor is used to step down the voltage from 48-volts to 12-volts and charge 12-volts battery’s. when the alternators are providing a voltage of 12-volts the 12-volt batteries are directly charged and if they charge fully the the boost convertor is used to step-up the voltage and charge the 48-volts battery. Depending on speed of the alternator the output voltage varies to defined values and based on these either boost or buck operation takes place.
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Mathialagan, Kowsalya, Saranya T, Ammu Surendran, Ditty Dixon, Nishanthi S.T., and Aiswarya Bhaskar. "(Digital Presentation) Development of Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Electrically Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024403mtgabs.
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Zinc-air battery is a promising battery system as it possesses high theoretical energy density and is cost-effective3. The theoretical energy density of a Zinc-air battery is 1086 Wh kg-1, which is five times greater than that of lithium-ion batteries2. Moreover, zinc metal is one of the most abundant metals in the earth’s crust and is inexpensive. Rechargeable metal-air batteries operate based on two fundamental electrochemical reactions as Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) during discharge and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) during recharge processes, respectively3. Electrocatalytic activity of the bifunctional electrocatalyst towards these two oxygen reactions will decide the performance of the battery1. Recent advancements in catalyst development are the fabrication of rechargeable air electrodes using a single active material that is capable of bifunctionally catalyzing ORR and OER3. The development of bifunctional catalysts with high activity is necessary for rechargeable metal-air batteries, such as zinc-air batteries3. In this work, a perovskite-type LaFeO3 material was synthesized using a citric acid-assisted sol-gel method and is investigated as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Structural studies using X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of phase pure LaFeO3 in space group Pbnm. This catalyst displayed considerable bifunctional catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction (0.74 V vs. RHE) and oxygen evolution reactions (0.40 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm-2) in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries assembled using LaFeO3 as the oxygen electrocatalyst deliver a specific capacity of 936.38 mAh g( Zn) -1 after the 1st discharge. Further details will be discussed in the poster. Financial support from Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India under research grant number DST/TMD/MECSP/2K17/20 is gratefully acknowledged. References: [01] Y. Li, M. Gong, et. al., Nature communications, 4, (2013), 1-7 [02] P. Gu, M. Zheng, et. al., Journal of Material Chemistry, (2017), 1-17 [03] D. U. Lee, P. Xu, et. al., Journal of Material Chemistry, 4, (2016), 7107-7134
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Galushkin, Nikolay E., Nataliya N. Yazvinskaya, and Dmitriy N. Galushkin. "Investigation of the Temperature Dependence of Parameters in the Generalized Peukert Equation Used to Estimate the Residual Capacity of Traction Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 8, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8120280.
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The Peukert equation is widely used in various analytical models of lithium-ion batteries. However, the classical Peukert equation is applicable to lithium-ion batteries only in a limited range of discharge currents. Additionally, it does not take into account the temperature impact on a battery’s released capacity. In this paper, the applicability of the generalized Peukert equation C = Cm/(1 + (i/i0)n) is investigated for the residual capacity determination of lithium-ion batteries based on the Hausmann model. It is proved that all the parameters (Cm, i0, and n) of this equation depend on a battery’s temperature. That is why, for a battery-released capacity calculation, it is necessary to take into account the battery’s temperature. The equations are found to describe the temperature dependence of all the parameters of the generalized Peukert equation. The physical meaning of all the parameters is established and it is shown that the generalized Peukert equation obtained with temperature consideration is applicable to any current and temperature of a battery.
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Zhang, Yong, Jingwei Liu, Jiuguo Zhen, and Zhenjia Qiao. "Data-driven battery health state estimation based on charging and switching cabinets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2757, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2757/1/012023.
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Abstract Accurate evaluation of the battery’s state of health (SOH) in the charging and switching cabinet is crucial to ensure the battery operates safely and reliably, while also reducing maintenance costs for the battery system. A support vector regression technique, utilising the sparrow algorithm optimisation, is suggested to improve the precision of assessing the battery’s state of health in the charging and switching cabinet. This algorithm tackles the task of identifying parameters in the conventional model. Analysing the ageing dataset of lithium batteries is the initial stage to determine the health parameters that signal the battery’s health state. The support vector machine regression algorithm is employed to select the kernel function and penalty factor, which are fine-tuned using the sparrow optimisation technique. The data is utilised to create the SSA-SVR model. The battery health status of the charging and switching cabinet is assessed. The study shows that the enhanced support vector regression model can effectively monitor the status of lithium-ion batteries and achieve superior estimation results for different types of batteries.
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Madani, Seyed Saeed. "An Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Model-Based Fault Diagnosis and State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 28 (December 22, 2023): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02283274mtgabs.
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Precisely gauging the state of charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion battery poses a considerable obstacle due to the battery's intricate electrochemical properties, which are highly dynamic and nonlinear. The effectiveness of the control strategy employed in electric vehicles heavily hinges on the precise estimation of the battery's SOC. Among the crucial elements, the accurate assessment of SOC for power lithium-ion batteries stands out. Ensuring the durability and reliability of battery management systems in electric vehicles to predict SOC is a multifaceted endeavor. Given the inherently nonlinear degradation pattern of batteries, achieving precise forecasting of SOC while minimizing degradation proves to be a demanding task. The accurate determination of battery SOC holds significant significance for both battery electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries have gained extensive usage in various facets of daily life due to their positive environmental and resource-related attributes. The precise determination of SOC is pivotal in ensuring proper battery operation. Nonetheless, the challenges of SOC estimation under low temperatures have received limited attention. To tackle this issue, this study introduces an adaptive extended Kalman Filter for model-based fault diagnosis and SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries.
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Singh, Vaibhav, and Gaurav Saxena. "Self-Rechargeable Paper Thin-Film Batteries." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 1213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22872.
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Yang, Ping, Hou Yu Yu, and Yong Gang Yan. "Implementation of the Li-Ion Battery Management System Based on DS2438." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.714.
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In order to ensure good performance and extend the lifetime of li-ion batteries in electric cars, effective real-time monitoring and management must be valued. This paper designs an electric vehicle battery management system based on a smart battery monitoring chip, DS2438. It integrates the measurement of battery's temperature, voltage, current, and power as a whole, which not only simplifies the circuit, but also saves system cost. The battery’s SOC (State Of Charge) can be easily estimated and displayed in this design. It improves the reliability of power battery pack and prolonged its life, which can be used as reference to battery management system design and application.
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Antony Jose, Subin, Amethyst Gallant, Pedro Lechuga Gomez, Zacary Jaggers, Evan Johansson, Zachary LaPierre, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives." Batteries 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2025): 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11030090.
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Solid-state lithium-ion batteries are gaining attention as a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries. By utilizing a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid, these batteries offer the potential for enhanced safety, higher energy density, and longer life cycles. The solid electrolyte typically consists of a polymer matrix integrated with ceramic fillers, which can significantly boost ionic conductivity. Research efforts are currently focused on advancing materials for the battery’s three primary components: the electrolyte, anode, and cathode. Furthermore, innovative strategies are being developed to optimize the interfaces between these components, addressing key challenges in performance and durability. Cutting-edge manufacturing techniques are also being explored to improve production efficiency and reduce costs. With continued advancements, solid-state lithium-ion batteries are poised to become integral to next-generation technologies, including electric vehicles and wearable electronics.
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Simatupang, Desmon, Abdulraouf Benshatti, and Sung-Yeul Park. "Battery Internal Temperature Measurement Using LC Resonant Tank for Battery Management Systems." Batteries 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020104.
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This paper suggests an embedded battery impedance measurement based on an Inductor Capacitor (LC) resonant tank to measure the battery’s internal temperature for battery management systems (BMS). The purpose of the BMS is to provide state-of-charge (SoC) balancing and the preheating mechanism at sub-zero temperatures. Battery Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) for battery internal temperature measurement is achieved by an LC resonant tank connected to the batteries in parallel to induce created resonant current and voltage into the battery. The peaks of the voltage and current waveforms are measured and recorded. Then, the resistance of the battery can be calculated by comparing the peak voltage and current waveforms. Since the resistance of the battery is affected by the battery’s internal temperature, the internal temperature of the battery can be estimated. The benefit of using the LC tank for the battery’s internal temperature is to reduce data processing since no window and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is needed for this method. In addition, the proposed method measures the battery’s internal temperature without any internal or external temperature sensor. Power Simulation (PSIM) simulation software is used in this proposed method. Panasonic batteries 18650 and a dSPACE DS1104 are used for the experiment to verify the proposed method. The proposed method shows that the LC resonant tank can measure three batteries B1, B2, and B3 internal resistance with 17.87%, 18.14%, and 17.73% errors compared to the Frequency Response Analyzer (FRA). In addition, the total time needed for balancing is 400 s, and the total energy consumed by the preheating mechanism is 0.214%/°C to preheat the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from −5 °C to 10 °C.
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Ouyang, Quan, Rui Ma, Zhaoxiang Wu, Guotuan Xu, and Zhisheng Wang. "Adaptive Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter-Based State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Model Parameter Online Identification." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184968.
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The state-of-charge (SOC) is a fundamental indicator representing the remaining capacity of lithium-ion batteries, which plays an important role in the battery’s optimized operation. In this paper, the model-based SOC estimation strategy is studied for batteries. However, the battery’s model parameters need to be extracted through cumbersome prior experiments. To remedy such deficiency, a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is utilized for model parameter online identification, and an adaptive square-root unscented Kalman filter (SRUKF) is designed to estimate the battery’s SOC. As demonstrated in extensive experimental results, the designed adaptive SRUKF combined with RLS-based model identification is a promising SOC estimation approach. Compared with other commonly used Kalman filter-based methods, the proposed algorithm has higher precision in the SOC estimation.
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Shi, Yongsheng, Tailin Li, Leicheng Wang, Hongzhou Lu, Yujun Hu, Beichen He, and Xinran Zhai. "A Method for Predicting the Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Successive Variational Mode Decomposition and Optimized Long Short-Term Memory." Energies 16, no. 16 (August 12, 2023): 5952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165952.
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Accurately predicting the remaining lifespan of lithium-ion batteries is critical for the efficient and safe use of these devices. Predicting a lithium-ion battery’s remaining lifespan is challenging due to the non-linear changes in capacity that occur throughout the battery’s life. This study proposes a fused prediction model that employs a multimodal decomposition approach to address the problem of non-linear fluctuations during the degradation process of lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, the capacity attenuation signal is decomposed into multiple mode functions using successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD), which captures capacity fluctuations and a primary attenuation mode function to account for the degradation of lithium-ion batteries. The hyperparameters of the long short-term memory network (LSTM) are optimized using the tuna swarm optimization (TSO) technique. Subsequently, the trained prediction model is used to forecast various mode functions, which are then successfully integrated to obtain the capacity prediction result. The predictions show that the maximum percentage error for the projected results of five unique lithium-ion batteries, each with varying capacities and discharge rates, did not exceed 1%. Additionally, the average relative error remained within 2.1%. The fused lifespan prediction model, which integrates SVMD and the optimized LSTM, exhibited robustness, high predictive accuracy, and a degree of generalizability.
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Wang, Xingxing, Yujie Zhang, Yelin Deng, Yinnan Yuan, Fubao Zhang, Shuaishuai Lv, Yu Zhu, and Hongjun Ni. "Effects of Different Charging Currents and Temperatures on the Voltage Plateau Behavior of Li-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010042.
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Lithium-ion power batteries, which are the foundation of electric cars and are expected to play a significant role in a variety of operating environments and application situations, have major development prospects. In order to obtain the optimal operation range of ternary Li-ion batteries under various current rates and test temperatures, the characteristics of the voltage plateau period (VPP) of batteries in different states are examined by piecewise fitting based on charging and discharging cycle experiments. The findings demonstrate that while charging at current rates of 0.10C, 0.25C, 0.50C, 0.75C, and 1.00C under temperatures of 40 °C, 25 °C, and 10 °C, the battery’s termination voltage changes seamlessly from 3.5−3.75 V, 3.55−3.8 V, 3.6−3.85 V, 3.7−4 V, and 3.85−4.05 V, the growth in surface temperature does not surpass its maximum level, and the charge capacity exceeds 50%. Batteries operate more effectively. When the test temperature is −20 °C, the voltage rebound stage that occurs in the initial period of charging at 0.50C, 0.75C, and 1.00C accounts for the highest charge capacity, close to 70%. The study’s findings can be used as a guide when designing a lithium-ion power battery’s model and control method for an electric vehicle’s energy storage system.
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Li, Tonglin. "Application of sulfur-based composite materials in the positive electrode of lithium-sulfur batteries." E3S Web of Conferences 553 (2024): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455301013.
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Traditional lithium-ion batteries are no longer able to keep up with the growing need for energy storage efficiency in areas like electric cars and renewable energy storage. Because of their great energy density, affordability, and environmental friendliness, lithium-sulfur batteries are regarded as a very promising solution for secondary battery systems. Sulfur-based compounds are an essential part of lithium-sulfur batteries and have a direct impact on the battery’s energy density and performance. However, sulfur-based compounds are easily soluble in electrolytes and have low conductivity, which shortens battery cycle life and energy efficiency. Sulfur dissolution can be successfully inhibited and capacitance may be enhanced by optimizing the structure and characteristics of sulfur-based materials, which will improve the overall performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. To enhance the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries, this article suggests three modification techniques for sulfur-based materials. These techniques mostly include compounding sulfur with carbon compounds, metal oxides, and polymers. This article also outlines the shortcomings of the present lithium-sulfur battery research and looks forward to the future development direction.
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Abarro, Justine Marie E., Jon Nyner L. Gavan, Daniel Eldrei D. Loresca, Maura Andrea A. Ortega, Eugene A. Esparcia, and Julie Anne D. R. Paraggua. "A Tale of Nickel-Iron Batteries: Its Resurgence in the Age of Modern Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2023): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070383.
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The nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) battery is a century-old technology that fell out of favor compared to modern batteries such as lead–acid and lithium-ion batteries. However, in the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest because of its robustness and longevity, making it well-suited for niche applications, such as off-grid energy storage systems. Currently, extensive research is focused on addressing perennial issues such as iron passivation and hydrogen evolution reaction, which limit the battery’s energy density, cyclability, and rate performance. Despite efforts to modify electrode composition and morphology, these issues persist, warranting a deeper look at the development story of Ni-Fe battery improvements. In this review, the fundamental reaction mechanisms are comprehensively examined to understand the cause of persisting issues. The design improvements for both the anode and cathode of Ni-Fe batteries are discussed and summarized to identify the promising approach and provide insights on future research directions.
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Kemeny, Martin, Peter Ondrejka, and Miroslav Mikolasek. "Comprehensive Degradation Analysis of NCA Li-Ion Batteries via Methods of Electrochemical Characterisation for Various Stress-Inducing Scenarios." Batteries 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010033.
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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with Ni-based cathodes are leading storage technology in the fields of electric vehicles and power-grid applications. NCA (LiNiCoAlO2) batteries are known for their troublesome degradation tendencies, and this susceptibility to degradation raises questions regarding the safety of their usage. Hence, it is of vital importance to analyse the degradation of NCA batteries via methods which are applicable to onboard systems, so that the changes in the battery’s state of health can be addressed accordingly. For this purpose, it is crucial to study batteries stressed by various conditions which might induce degradation of different origins or magnitudes. Methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and incremental capacity analysis (ICA) have been used in battery research for years, however, there is a lack of published studies which would analyse the degradation of NCA batteries by simultaneous usage of these methods, which is essential for a comprehensive and confirmatory understanding of battery degradation. This study intends to fill this research gap by analysing the degradation of NCA batteries via simultaneous usage of EIS, GITT, and ICA methods for common stress-inducing operating conditions (over-charge, over-discharge, and high-current charging).
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Wang, Hongwei, Chun Zheng, Fan Zhang, Yanling Fu, Guangcheng Xi, Qing Zhang, and Qiang Ma. "Analysis of the experimental method of cyclic aging processes for batteries of the sweeping robot." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 8, no. 1 (October 20, 2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.8.1.476.2023.
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A lithium-ion battery begins aging since it is made available, with a variety of secondary reactions taking place inside it, and this has an impact on the battery’s safety and performance. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct cyclic aging experiments on batteries under various conditions. In this study, 4 stresses are chosen, ambient temperature (T), constant charging current (i1), end-of-charge voltage (V1), and constant discharging current (i2), with three levels chosen for each stress, and a experimental method is devised for aging batteries, serving as not only the basis for studying the issue about the aging of batteries under the effect of multiple factors, but also the precondition for devising an accelerated battery-aging experiment.
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Wang, Wang. "Advanced carbon nanomaterials and nanotechnology applied in anode for lithium metal/ion batteries." Applied and Computational Engineering 60, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/60/20240892.
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Lithium batteries have a significant impact on the automotive industry and play an indispensable role in modern life. The demand for lithium batteries has increased with the advent of carbon nanomaterials. These materials provide higher energy storage and have the potential to replace graphite as the negative battery material. Although graphite is the most frequently used material on the market, it has an amorphous structure and limited capacity. To enhance the capacity of lithium batteries and increase their ability to store more lithium ions within a smaller volume, researchers have developed many advanced carbon nanomaterials with great specific properties. These materials not only increase the battery's capacity but also offer viable solutions to the challenges encountered by lithium batteries. The focus of this article is on how these advanced carbon nanomaterials from 3 dimensions to 1 dimension can realize material performance improvements and changes in battery lifespan, energy density, resistance in dendritic lithium-deposition, and other aspects.
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Sui, Xin, Maciej Świerczyński, Remus Teodorescu, and Daniel-Ioan Stroe. "The Degradation Behavior of LiFePO4/C Batteries during Long-Term Calendar Aging." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061732.
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With widespread applications for lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems, the performance degradation of the battery attracts more and more attention. Understanding the battery’s long-term aging characteristics is essential for the extension of the service lifetime of the battery and the safe operation of the system. In this paper, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries were subjected to long-term (i.e., 27–43 months) calendar aging under consideration of three stress factors (i.e., time, temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) level) impact. By means of capacity measurements and resistance calculation, the battery’s long-term degradation behaviors were tracked over time. Battery aging models were established by a simple but accurate two-step nonlinear regression approach. Based on the established model, the effect of the aging temperature and SOC level on the long-term capacity fade and internal resistance increase of the battery is analyzed. Furthermore, the storage life of the battery with respect to different stress factors is predicted. The analysis results can hopefully provide suggestions for optimizing the storage condition, thereby prolonging the lifetime of batteries.
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Karaoglu, Gozde, and Burak Ülgüt. "Prediction of Lithium Deposition By Electrochemical Noise Method in Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 1 (August 9, 2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-011177mtgabs.
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Electrochemical noise measurement methods have established a significant presence in corrosion literatures and through these measurements, it becomes feasible to discern the corrosion mode and make a clear distinction between localized and uniform corrosion types, particularly when examined alongside post-mortem studies. In recent years, the increase in the use of lithium-ion batteries demands that the tests to be performed on the batteries are faster, easier, cheaper and, if possible, non-destructive and non-perturbing. While some electrochemical noise studies on batteries have commenced, the existing literature on this subject is limited and questionable. Electrochemical noise measurement, in Lithium based batteries has the potential to serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for assessing battery health. One of our previous studies has demonstrated an increased voltage noise in non-rechargeable batteries with Li/MnO2 chemistry upon exposure to a short circuit, indicating detectable morphological changes in metallic lithium due to non-homogenous depletion of lithium anode through electrochemical noise measurement. In Lithium-Ion batteries, lithium deposition refers to the undesired formation of metallic lithium, commonly in the form of dendrites, on the battery’s anode during charge and discharge cycles. This phenomenon is a consequence of uneven lithium-ion plating and stripping, leading to localized overplating. This growth of lithium dendrites poses significant risk, including internal short circuits, compromised battery integrity, and the potential for thermal runaway. These issues can result in reduced battery performance, safety concerns, and shortened cycle life. Effectively addressing lithium deposition is essential for enhancing the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries in various applications. Similarly to our previous publication, the electrochemical noise method shows promise as a non-invasive approach to investigate the understand deposition of metallic lithium by monitoring the voltage noise during charge and discharge cycling of batteries. For this purpose, NMC/Graphite pouch and coin cells are employed. In this presentation, we will delve into the details of electrochemical noise in lithium-based batteries, discussing the method’s reliability in assessing lithium deposition in NMC/Graphite lithium-ion batteries and presenting preliminary results. Figure 1
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Maher, Kenza, and Yahya Zakaria. "Heat Generation Mechanisms of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells: An in-Depth Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 3 (December 22, 2023): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-023444mtgabs.
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Lithium-ion batteries are known for their exceptional properties such as high energy density and long-life cycle, making them popular in various applications, including electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, the growing concern over the safety of lithium-ion batteries in hot environments with limited cooling has prompted an in-depth analysis of their heat generation mechanisms. To address this concern, it is important to understand the heat generation mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the heat generation mechanisms of 18650 lithium-ion battery cells. We investigated the impact of temperature on the primary aging mechanisms of the batteries, such as capacity fade and impedance growth. We also studied the thermal behavior of the batteries, including the heat generation and thermal stability. Our analysis involved the disassembly of both fresh and aged 18650 lithium-ion battery cells, followed by a physico-chemical analysis on the electrodes at the microscale level to investigate the chemical and physical changes in the electrodes. We used advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the cells. Our results showed that high temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions within the battery, leading to an increase in heat generation. We also found that the aged battery cells had a higher degree of degradation in the electrodes compared to the fresh cells, which affected the battery's overall performance. Our analysis revealed changes in the surface morphology of the electrodes, which could impact the thermal behavior of the battery. During the presentation, I will delve into the specific findings of our analysis of the 18650 lithium-ion battery cells. I will provide a more detailed explanation of the state of health, capacity fade, and impedance growth of the batteries, including how these aging mechanisms were affected by the high temperatures. Additionally, I will discuss the specific changes observed in the electrodes, such as the changes in the surface morphology, and how they impacted the battery's overall performance. Overall, the presentation will provide a comprehensive overview of our study's findings and their significance for the future of lithium-ion batteries in high-temperature environments.
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Henschel, Sebastian, Philipp-Tobias Dörner, Florian Kößler, and Jürgen Fleischer. "Mechanische Zelldemontage für das direkte Recycling/Mechanical battery cell disassembly for direct end-of-life battery recycling." wt Werkstattstechnik online 113, no. 07-08 (2023): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2023-07-08-12.
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Die Ziele der Verkehrswende führen zu einem stetig steigenden Bedarf an Lithium-Ionen-Batterien. Damit diese am Ende ihres Lebenszyklus in einigen Jahren nicht als Abfall anfallen, sondern die darin enthaltenen wertvollen Rohstoffe weiter genutzt werden können, ist ein effektives Recycling im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft notwendig. Hierzu wird in diesem Beitrag ein Konzept zur mechanischen Demontage von Batteriezellen als Grundstein für ein direktes Recycling vorgestellt. The goals of the transportation revolution are leading to a steadily increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. To prevent the valuable raw materials in these batteries from ending up as waste as soon as the batteries‘ life cycle ends in a few years and to ensure that these materials continue to be used, effective recycling in the sense of a circular economy is necessary. To this end, this paper presents an appraoch for mechanically disassembling battery cells as a cornerstone for direct recycling.
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Puzakov, A. V. "CHANGE OF THE STARTER BATTERY OPERABILITY IN MODELING FAILURES." Intellect. Innovations. Investments, no. 6 (2022): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-6-113.
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One of the most common causes of vehicle failures in our country and abroad is battery failure. The main reason for this is a lack of information about changes in the technical condition of the battery, which makes battery faults (including low charge) sudden, causing social and economic damage. Informing the driver of the battery’s state of charge only partially solves the problem, as this parameter does not fully reflect the battery’s state of health. A solution to this problem could be a battery condition monitoring system based on real-time assessment of battery voltage variations. The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between the battery voltage and the degree of battery performance in the simulation of characteristic faults. Analysis of publications has established that among the most common faults are decrease of charge, sulphation of plates, oxidation of pole terminals and short circuits. To obtain information about changes in battery parameters in the process of occurrence and development of faults simulation methods have been developed. Changes in battery performance due to ageing or faults can be estimated based on the voltage at its terminals under the influence of the load, which is the starter motor in full braking mode. The change of voltage under load for 5 seconds is determined for new batteries, batteries with running hours variation as well as for simulated discharging, oxidation of the terminals and sulphation of the plates. The serviceability of batteries is determined in two ways: by a tester using the battery current for calculations and computationally using the minimum voltage during the loading process. It was found that the state of heath of serviceable working and faulty batteries at the same voltage differs significantly, which can be used to identify the technical condition of starter batteries. The established relationships between the battery voltage and the state of heath in the physical simulation of characteristic faults have scientific novelty. Further research is aimed at developing an algorithm for on-line monitoring of batteries and manufacturing a prototype on-board device for its implementation.
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Vanitha, Dr D. "Batteries for Solar Stand Alone PV Systems." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 6 (June 23, 2023): 4162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.623.47731.
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Milojevic, Zoran, Pierrot S. Attidekou, Mohamed Ahmeid, Simon Lambert, and Prodip Das. "(Digital Presentation) Reusing Li-Ion Batteries in Second-Life Applications: Impact of Cell Orientation in Electric Vehicle Pack." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 5 (July 7, 2022): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-015615mtgabs.
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Li-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) finish their life with a significant amount of capacity left in them (about 80% of the nominal capacity), which provides a promising avenue for reusing the spent EV-batteries in less demanding second-life applications, such as grid-scale energy storage for peak shaving, EV charging, storage for intermittent energy sources (solar or wind power), backup storage for industries and property owners, and less demanding vehicle propulsion (ferries or forklifts) [1, 2]. However, reusing spent EV batteries in second-life applications is not as straightforward as taking a battery pack from an EV then installing it directly into a second-life application. One must consider the state-of-health (SoH) of the battery packs and hence the modules and cells to avoid any mismatch in terms of capacity, state-of-charge/depth-of-discharge (SoC/DoD). Even within the batteries suitable for reuse, cells must be sorted by similar remaining capacity and identical degradation state, or else the second-life system performance would suffer. The SoH needs careful assessment and ageing conditions evaluated to send heavily degraded batteries to recycling facilities. Whilst assessing the SoH is straightforward [3], identifying the ageing condition is complex, as ageing and degradation of LiBs over time are caused by various factors, including charging/discharging rate (C-rate), operating temperature, lifetime, SoC, and cycling [2]. Moreover, pack design, configuration, cooling methods as well as cell/module’s orientation in a pack can influence the battery degradation. In the present study, the effect of cell orientation on battery ageing and degradation has been investigated that can have an impact on the life of a battery in second-life applications. Eight large-size pouch batteries from two differently orientated modules from a dismantled first-generation Nissan Leaf retired battery pack have been analysed utilising infrared (IR) thermography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques along with a brand-new second-generation Nissan Leaf battery which has almost the same geometry as batteries from the retired pack. Temperature derivative maps over the battery surface during discharging have been analysed, which show a direct correlation with the battery’s heat generation rates. Obtained results show that the thermal behaviour of brand-new batteries in orientations mimicking aged battery's orientation in the pack during EV life are very similar showing that the temperature derivative map’s hot spot is more towards the edge opposite to gravity vector (Figure 1 left). Also, EIS results (RCT+RSEI, charge transfer and solid electrolyte interphase layer resistances) show a wider range over SoCs for rotated-aged than flat-aged cells (Figure 1 right). It is worth noting that cells aged in flat orientation retained higher capacity compared to the cells aged in rotated orientation. These results show that different LiB orientations in EV batteries cause ageing non-uniformities over the battery surface, which would impact their second-life applications [4]. Non-uniform ageing is found to be more pronounced for the rotated module compared with the flat orientation inside the battery pack (Figure 1). Based on the present results, it is clear that avoiding different orientations in the battery pack can be a sustainable design for future EV battery back if reusing of spent EV batteries is envisaged. This work was part of the ReLiB project (https://relib.org.uk) and was supported by the Faraday Institution (https://www.faraday.ac.uk; grant numbers FIRG005 and FIRG027). References [1] ReLiB: Reuse and Recycling of Lithium-ion Batteries, accessed 12 December 2021, <https://relib1.relib.org.uk>. [2] P.S. Attidekou, Z. Milojevic, M. Muhammad, M. Ahmeid, S. Lambert, P.K. Das, “Methodologies for large-size pouch lithium-ion batteries end-of-life gateway detection in the second-life application,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 167, pp. 160534, 2020, DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/abd1f1. [3] M. Muhammad, M. Ahmeid, P. Attidekou, Z. Milojevic, S. Lambert, P. Das, “Assessment of spent EV batteries for second-life application”, 2019 IEEE 4th International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2019, DOI: 10.1109/IFEEC47410.2019.9015015. [4] Z. Milojevic, P.S. Attidekou, M. Muhammad, M. Ahmeid, S. Lambert, P.K. Das, “Influence of orientation on ageing of large-size pouch lithium-ion batteries during electric vehicle life,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 506, pp. 230242, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230242 Figure 1
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Jafari, Sadiqa, Zeinab Shahbazi, and Yung-Cheol Byun. "Lithium-Ion Battery Health Prediction on Hybrid Vehicles Using Machine Learning Approach." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 4753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134753.
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Efforts to decarbonize the world have shown a quick increase in electric vehicles (EVs), limiting increasing pollution. During this electric transportation revolution, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a vital role in storing energy. To determine the range of an electric vehicle (EV), the state of charge and the state of health (SOH) of the battery pack is essential. Access to high-quality data on battery parameters is a crucial challenge for researchers working in the energy storage domain due primarily to confidentiality constraints on manufacturers of batteries and EVs. This paper proposes a hybrid framework for predicting the state of a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles (EV). Electric vehicles are growing worldwide because of their environmental and sustainability advantages. Batteries are replacing fossil fuels in electric vehicles. In order to prevent failure, Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles should be operated and controlled in a controlled and progressive manner to ensure increased efficiency and safety. An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used in this paper to estimate the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. The model is subjected to error analysis to optimize the battery’s performance parameter. The model undergoes an error analysis to optimize its performance parameters. Furthermore, a state of health (SOH) estimation method based on the extreme gradient boosting algorithm with accuracy correction is proposed here to improve the accuracy of state of health (SOH) estimation for lithium-ion batteries. To describe the aging process of batteries, we extract several features such as average voltages, voltage differences, current differences, and temperature differences. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model for estimating the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is based on the ensemble learning algorithm’s higher prediction accuracy and generalization ability. Experimental results suggest that the boundary gradient lifting algorithm model is capable of more accurate prediction.
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Wang, Xue, Chunbin Gao, and Meng Sun. "Probabilistic Prediction Algorithm for Cycle Life of Energy Storage in Lithium Battery." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010007.
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Lithium batteries are widely used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power stations, as well as power tools, military equipment, aerospace and other fields. The traditional fusion prediction algorithm for the cycle life of energy storage in lithium batteries combines the correlation vector machine, particle filter and autoregressive model to predict the cycle life of lithium batteries, which are subjected to many uncertainties in the prediction process and to inaccurate prediction results. In this paper, a probabilistic prediction algorithm for the cycle life of energy storage in lithium batteries is proposed. The LS-SVR prediction model was trained by a Bayesian three-layer reasoning. In the iterative prediction phase, the Monte Carlo method was used to express and manage the uncertainty and its transitivity in a multistep prediction and to predict the future trend of a lithium battery’s health status. Based on the given failure threshold, the probability distribution of the residual life was obtained by counting the number of particles passing through the threshold. The wavelet neural network was used to study the sample data of lithium batteries, and the mapping relationship between the probability distribution of the residual life of lithium batteries and the unknown values were established. According to this mapping relation and the probability distribution of the residual life of lithium batteries, the health data could be deduced and then iterated into the input of the wavelet neural network. In this way, the predicted degradation curve and the cycle life of lithium batteries could be obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good adaptability and high prediction efficiency and accuracy, with the mean error of 0.17 and only 1.38 seconds by average required for prediction.
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Grzeczka, Grzegorz, and Paweł Swoboda. "Analysis of the Possibility of Use Lithium - Ion as a Starting Battery on the Ship Engine Room." Solid State Phenomena 236 (July 2015): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.236.106.
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The most commonly used starter batteries for ship engine rooms are lead acid systems. Lead acid batters have the lowest electrochemical parameters from all other modern electrochemical systems. On the other hand their biggest advantage is the price of the cell which is much lower comparing to other electrochemical systems. Due to fact that the lithium – ion batteries are very widely used and constantly developed this technology is starting to be promising as an alternative for lead acid batteries for starter applications. Because of this there is a need to verify if the lithium - ion technology can be used for start-up and power backup systems and how will it affect the construction of the engine room and those systems. In order to determine the potential energetic requirements during the design of starter systems in an backup engine room with the use of lithium – ion batteries, in the article the analytic of their performance was conducted with comparison of other electrochemical systems.
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Ranskiy, Anatoliy, Olga Gordienko, and Vitalii Ishchenko. "Waste Zinc–Carbon Battery Recycling: Focus on Total Material Recovery." Recycling 9, no. 5 (September 21, 2024): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling9050083.
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Currently, less attention is paid to zinc–carbon batteries, although they are still widely used and are among the major types of batteries collected and recycled. The recycling technologies currently in use do not allow the complete recovery of resources, are not self-sufficient and require additional financing. Therefore, this paper aims to study the possibility of complete recycling of waste zinc–carbon batteries and to suggest the practical use of the final products generated in the recycling process. The possibility of complex processing of spent zinc–carbon batteries using mechanical separation and processing of the battery’s components (steel case, zinc electrode, graphite electrode, polypropylene and paper insulators) is justified. The separation of spent electrolytes from other components of batteries with hydrochloric acid was studied. It was shown that the extraction of Zn2+ and NH4+ cations takes place following the addition of an equivalent amount of Na3PO4 solution and water-insoluble NH4ZnPO4 salt sedimentation. Waste agglomerate (mixture of MnO2, MnO(OH), and graphite) was regenerated to its initial composition (MnO2, graphite) at a temperature of 300–325 °C; manganese (III) hydroxide was oxidized to manganese (IV) dioxide. Thermal destruction of polypropylene and paper insulators with additional introduction of polyethylene into the primary mixture produced pyrolysis liquid, pyrocarbon and pyrolysis gas as products. The practical use of the products obtained and compliance with the environmental requirements of the suggested method of waste batteries recycling were shown.
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AKSU, Hasan, Cengiz Ayhan ZIBA, and Mehmet Hakan MORCALI. "DETERMINING THE CONTENT AND COST ANALYSIS OF RECYCLING REGIONALLY COLLECTED WASTE LI-ION BATTERIES." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1125586.
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Our need for portable energy is increased day by day. Batteries, which are indispensable for modern life, gain more importance in the communication time. Therefore, batteries with the ability to storage a lot of energy in a short time are need. This need is met by Lithium-ion batteries. Of course, the increasing use of batteries with the formation of a fast consumer society poses a potential danger to the environment and human health.Indiscriminate release end of life batteriesto the environment causes serious metal pollution, but there are also serious economic losses due to the materials that have economic value.
In this study, 12 waste battery collection points were determined within the boundaries of Namik Kemal neighborhood of Umraniye district in Istanbul, and the "end-of-life batteries" collected at these points within a three-month period were classified and their components were examined. The average composition of 110 Li-ion batteries collected during this period was determined as 20% Cu (Copper), 8% Al (Aluminum), 10% plastic, 55% battery paste (LiCoO2) and 7% others. The reusability of the metal and plastic parts obtained in the study was observed, and some spectroscopic analyzes were carried out for the reusability of the battery paste. As can be seen from the SEM-EDX analyzes supported by XRD and XRF analyzes, the morphological structure of the compound is disrupt during the application of charging and discharging many times to the Li-metal oxide compounds used as cathode material. It does not appear possible to reuse the battery paste of used (depleted) Li-ion batteries directly and/or by applying some simple operations. Multi-step chemical processes are needed to ensure the reusability of the battery paste. An economic value study was carried out for the collected Li-ion batteries and the importance of collecting the waste batteries and bringing them into the economy was emphasized.
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Chen, Ziyao. "High Energy Density Batteries for All-Electric Aircraft: Challenges and Technological Innovations." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 121 (December 24, 2024): 299–305. https://doi.org/10.54097/wdqv1s27.
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The development of all-electric aircraft has gained significant momentum in the global effort to achieve sustainable aviation. However, a major obstacle remains the challenge of creating high-energy-density batteries capable of meeting the stringent requirements of aviation. As the primary power source, the battery's performance is crucial to the aircraft's range, payload capacity, and overall safety. This paper focuses on the potential impact of various high-energy density battery technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, nanobatteries, and solid-state batteries, on electric aviation. This work analyzes the advantages and limitations of each technology, highlighting key technical challenges, including thermal management, material efficiency, and lifecycle performance. In addition, the paper examines design considerations specific to aviation, such as weight, energy output, and safety regulations, with insights drawn from recent electric aircraft projects. By reviewing both successes and obstacles in the field, this study aims to offer a roadmap for the future of electric aviation and provide strategic guidance for overcoming the current technological barriers to high-performance batteries in aerospace applications.
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Jeon, Doyun, Su Hyun Lim, and Seong Su Kim. "Enhanced Lifespan and Performance of Sandwich-Type Structural Batteries with Integrated Pressurization and Thermal Management Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 10 (November 22, 2024): 4861. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02104861mtgabs.
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With the advancement of the automobile and aerospace industries, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), known for its high specific stiffness and strength, has been utilized to construct lightweight structures. Research is now focusing on structural batteries that combine CFRP structures with energy storage capabilities. Among these, sandwich-type structural batteries, which embed commercial batteries between CFRP skins, are nearing industrialization due to their high energy density and stability. However, a significant limitation is that these structural batteries cannot be replaced once the embedded battery's lifespan is exhausted. To address this issue and maximize the lifespan of the embedded battery, we propose a sandwich-type structural battery with integrated pressurization and preheating functions. By applying pressure through the fastening force of curved CFRP skins, the capacity retention of the embedded battery is enhanced, thereby extending its lifespan. Additionally, we developed a thermal management system for the structural battery using hybrid composites made of carbon paper and glass fabric as compression pads. The integrated pressurization and thermal management system are secured with CFRP brackets, completing the structural battery design.
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Sun, Rong Yao, and Lei Mao. "A Novel Temperature Compensation Method for Surface Strain of Cylindrical Lithium-ion Batteries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2636, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2636/1/012002.
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Abstract In order to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries, real-time monitoring of battery status is necessary. The surface strain signal of lithium-ion batteries has the potential to evaluate the battery’s state, but it is significantly affected by temperature. Generally, measuring the battery surface temperature and the thermal expansion coefficient can be performed to quantify and eliminate the influence of temperature on strain, but this increases the cost and complexity of strain measurement. This article proposes a method that eliminates the need to measure the battery temperature and material parameters. By simultaneously measuring the circumferential and axial strains on the battery surface and calculating their difference, the influence of temperature on strain can be minimized. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally tested. Results demonstrate that after applying temperature compensation to commercial lithium-ion batteries, the influence of temperature on strain can be reduced from 16.4 ppm/°C to 1.7 ppm/°C. The strain no longer exhibits sensitivity to current, making it more suitable for evaluating the state of lithium-ion batteries.
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Naranjo-Balseca, Johanna, Cynthia Martínez-Cisneros, and Alejandro Várez. "Modelling Li-V2O5 Batteries Using Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: Towards Final Applications." Batteries 10, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10060172.
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Given the relevance of lithium and post-lithium batteries as electrochemical energy storage systems, the peculiar crystalline structure of V2O5 and its doping capacity play key roles in lithium-ion battery technology. To integrate them in high-efficiency modules, systematic methodologies are required to estimate the state of charge in a reliable way and predict the Li-V2O5 battery’s performance according to their electrochemical phenomena, including two plateaus in the galvanostatic cycling curves and the dynamic behavior governed by the energy demand. Most state of charge estimation and battery modeling procedures are focused on conventional Li-batteries that show a unique plateau. In this work, we propose a systematic methodology based on the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study battery performance in the time and frequency domains, respectively. The proposed methodology, with a time–frequency correlation, promotes a deeper understanding of the electrochemical phenomena and general behavior of Li-V2O5 batteries, allowing for its subsequent extrapolation to more complex and higher-capacity lithium and post-lithium batteries used in high-power applications with a minimum error.
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Nuroldayeva, Gulzat, Yerkin Serik, Desmond Adair, Berik Uzakbaiuly, and Zhumabay Bakenov. "State of Health Estimation Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (March 3, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4297545.
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Contemporary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the main components of energy storage systems that need effective management to extend service life and increase reliability and safety. Their characteristics depend highly on internal and external conditions (ageing, temperature, and chemistry). Currently, the state of batteries is determined using two parameters: the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH). Applying these two parameters makes it possible to calculate the expected battery life and a battery’s performance. There are many methods for estimating the SOH of batteries, including experimental, model-based, and machine learning methods. By comparing model-based estimations with experimental techniques, it can be concluded that the use of experimental methods is not applicable for commercial cases. The electrochemical model-based SOH estimation method clearly explains processes in the battery with the help of multidifferential equations. The machine learning method is based on creating a program trained to predict the battery’s state of health with the help of past ageing data. In this review paper, we analyze the research available in the literature in this direction. It is found that all methods used to assess the SOH of an LIB play an essential role, and each method has its pros and cons.
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Juarez-Robles, Daniel, Taina Rauhala, and Judith Jeevarajan. "Exploring the Safety Aspects of Redox Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02144mtgabs.
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Redox flow batteries are energy storage systems consisting of liquid electrolytes containing one or more electroactive species. Electrolytes flow through the electrochemical cell where chemical energy is converted into electricity. The energy stored by the redox flow batteries depends on the volume of electrolytes in the tanks and the size of the electrochemical battery. If the electrolytes deteriorate, they can be replaced, and the battery's capacity will get restored. Factors and components affecting performance have been extensively studied but not the response to off-nominal tests. In this work, performance (cycle life) and safety tests (overcharge, overdischarge and short circuit) are carried out on two conventional redox battery systems, Vanadium (V) and Zinc-Bromine (Zn-Br). The vanadium-based flow battery is of a table-top lab-scale size, whereas, the Zn-Br batteries are residential-scale systems.
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Madani, Seyed Saeed, Carlos Ziebert, and Mousa Marzband. "Thermal Behavior Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review." Symmetry 15, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15081597.
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To enhance our understanding of the thermal characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and gain valuable insights into the thermal impacts of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs), it is crucial to develop precise thermal models for lithium-ion batteries that enable numerical simulations. The primary objective of creating a battery thermal model is to define equations related to heat generation, energy conservation, and boundary conditions. However, a standalone thermal model often lacks the necessary accuracy to effectively anticipate thermal behavior. Consequently, the thermal model is commonly integrated with an electrochemical model or an equivalent circuit model. This article provides a comprehensive review of the thermal behavior and modeling of lithium-ion batteries. It highlights the critical role of temperature in affecting battery performance, safety, and lifespan. The study explores the challenges posed by temperature variations, both too low and too high, and their impact on the battery’s electrical and thermal balance. Various thermal analysis approaches, including experimental measurements and simulation-based modeling, are described to comprehend the thermal characteristics of lithium-ion batteries under different operating conditions. The accurate modeling of batteries involves explaining the electrochemical model and the thermal model as well as methods for coupling electrochemical, electrical, and thermal aspects, along with an equivalent circuit model. Additionally, this review comprehensively outlines the advancements made in understanding the thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries. In summary, there is a strong desire for a battery model that is efficient, highly accurate, and accompanied by an effective thermal management system. Furthermore, it is crucial to prioritize the enhancement of current thermal models to improve the overall performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries.
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Castelvecchi, Davide. "Batteries." Scientific American 301, no. 3 (September 2009): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0909-73a.
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Owens, Brian. "Batteries." Nature 526, no. 7575 (October 2015): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/526s89a.
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Ashbrook, Peter C., and Todd A. Houts. "Batteries." Chemical Health and Safety 9, no. 1 (January 2002): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(01)00293-3.
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