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Journal articles on the topic 'Battery M'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Lavine, M. S. "A concentrated effort for battery safety." Science 350, no. 6263 (2015): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.350.6263.923-m.

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2

Qurthobi, Ahmad, Anggita Bayu Krisna Pambudi, Dudi Darmawan, and Reza Fauzi Iskandar. "Correlation between Battery Voltage under Loaded Condition and Estimated State of Charge at Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery on Discharge Condition using Open Circuit Voltage Method." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp357-364.

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One of the common methods that developed to predict state of charge is open circuit voltage (OCV) method. The problem which commonly occurs is to find the correction parameter between open circuit voltage and loaded voltage of the battery. In this research, correlation between state of charge measurement at loaded condition of a Panasonic LC-VA1212NA1, which is a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, and open circuit voltage had been analyzed. Based on the results of research, correlation between battery’s measured voltage under loaded condition and open circuit voltage could be approached by two linearization area. It caused by K v ’s values tend to increase when measured voltage under loaded condition V M &lt; 11.64 volt. However, K v values would be relatively stable for every V M ≥ 11.64 volts. Therefore, estimated state of charge value, in respect to loaded battery voltage, would increase slower on V M &lt; 11.64 volts and faster on other range.

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3

Siddique, Abu Raihan Mohammad, and M. Shamim Kaiser. "Financial and Performance Analyses of Microcontroller Based Solar-Powered Autorickshaw for a Developing Country." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5246435.

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This paper presents a case study to examine the economic viability and performance analysis of a microcontroller based solar powered battery operated autorickshaw (m-SBAR), for the developing countries, which is compared with different types of rickshaws such as pedal rickshaw (PR), battery operated autorickshaw (BAR), and solar-powered battery operated autorickshaw (SBAR), available in Bangladesh. The BAR consists of a rickshaw structure, a battery bank, a battery charge controller, a DC motor driver, and a DC motor whereas the proposed m-SBAR contains additional components like solar panel and microcontroller based DC motor driver. The complete design considered the local radiation data and load profile of the proposed m-SBAR. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis, Net Present Worth, payback periods, and Benefit-to-Cost Ratio methods have been used to evaluate the financial feasibility and sensitivity analysis of m-SBAR, grid-powered BAR, and PR. The numerical analysis reveals that LCOE and Benefit-to-Cost Ratio of the proposed m-SBAR are lower compared to the grid-powered BAR. It has also been found that microcontroller based DC motor control circuit reduces battery discharge rate, improves battery life, and controls motor speed efficiency.

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4

Zhang, Jing, Dan Shan, and Shaolin Mu. "A rechargeable Zn- poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol) battery." Journal of Power Sources 161, no. 1 (2006): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.077.

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5

Heinrich, Brenninger. "M-Bus, a bus concept for battery operated meters." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 25, no. 1-3 (1990): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(90)87022-b.

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6

Moghanni-Bavil-Olyaei, Hamed, and Jalal Arjomandi. "Performance of Al–1Mg–1Zn–0.1Bi–0.02In as anode for the Al–AgO battery." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15567c.

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In this study, an Al–AgO battery based on Al and Al–1Mg–1Zn–0.1Bi–0.02In (wt%) was prepared and the battery performance was investigated by a constant current discharge test in 4 M NaOH and 7 M KOH solutions.

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7

Pendashteh, Afshin, Brahim Orayech, Jon Ajuria, María Jáuregui, and Damien Saurel. "Exploring Vinyl Polymers as Soft Carbon Precursors for M-Ion (M = Na, Li) Batteries and Hybrid Capacitors." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164189.

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The viability of the sodium-ion batteries as a post-lithium storage technology is strongly tied to the development of high-performance carbonaceous anode materials. This requires screening novel precursors, and tuning their electrochemical properties. Soft carbons as promising anode materials, not only for batteries, but also in hybrid capacitors, have drawn great attention, due to safe operation voltage and high-power properties. Herein, several vinyl polymer-derived soft carbons have been prepared via pyrolysis, and their physicochemical and sodium storage properties have been evaluated. According to the obtained results, vinyl polymers are a promising source for preparation of soft carbon anode materials for sodium-ion battery application. In addition, their applicability towards Li-ion battery and hybrid capacitors (e.g., Li ion capacitors, LICs) has been examined. This work not only contrasts the carbonization products of these polymers with relevant physicochemical characterization, but also screens potential precursors for soft carbons with interesting alkali metal-ion (e.g., Na or Li, with an emphasis on Na) storage properties. This can stimulate further research to tune and improve the electrochemical properties of the soft carbons for energy storage applications.

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8

González Jorge, Higinio, Luis Miguel González de Santos, Noelia Fariñas Álvarez, Joaquin Martínez Sánchez, and Fermin Navarro Medina. "Operational Study of Drone Spraying Application for the Disinfection of Surfaces against the COVID-19 Pandemic." Drones 5, no. 1 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5010018.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need to maximize the cleanliness of outside public services and the need to disinfect these areas to reduce the virus transmission. This work evaluates the possibilities of using unmanned aircraft systems for disinfection tasks in these aeras. The operational study focuses on evaluating the static and dynamic behavior, as well as the influence of the flying height, mission speed and flow of spraying. The most recommended height for correct spraying with the drone system under study is 3.0 m. The dynamic test shows that the lower height, 3.0 m, also provides the most adequate spraying footprint, achieving 2.2 m for a speed of 0.5 m/s. The operational behavior is evaluated on three different scenarios, a skatepark with an area around 882.7 m2, an outdoor gym with an area around 545.0 m2 and a multisport court with an area around 2025.7 m2. The cleaning time evaluates the flying duration, battery change and tank refill and results in 41 min for the skatepark (5 tank refills and 2 battery changes), 28.6 min for the outdoor gym (3 tank refills and 2 battery changes) and 96.4 min for the multisport court (11 tank refills and 5 battery changes). Each battery change and each tank refill are estimated to take 4 min each, with a drone autonomy of 7 min. The technology appears competitive compared to other forms of cleaning based, for example, on human operators.

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9

Kusumah, Faishal Maulana, Dita Baeti Pridiana, Peter Kusnadi, and Dessy Ariyanti. "Study on Organic Redox Flow Battery Mechanism using TEMPO and FMN-Na Solutions." Reaktor 19, no. 3 (2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.3.96-100.

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Among numerous energy storage technologies, redox flow battery is one of the promising technologies that can be used to supply reliable continuation of electricity to electricity grids with a scale up to MW or MWh. In this paper, the process mechanism and optimization of redox flow battery using organic solution such as Riboflavin-5’-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (FMN-Na) as anolyte and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as catholyte were investigated. Sodium and chloride ions in salt feed were moved respectively to anolyte and catholyte by electrochemical reaction of electrolytes during the charge process and return to the feed during the discharge process. The study was carried out by given electric current with different voltage to graphite electrode range 1,5-10,5 volts and TEMPO concentration 0,02-0,08 M. The result shows that the optimum voltage is 7,5 volts with the concentration of TEMPO 0,06 M. The result also confirms the role of TEMPO solutions in the cathode. In addition to that, the FTIR and SEM analysis to the sedimentation generated during the process also revealed the change of the anolyte and catholyte after charging process.Keywords: Organic; Flow Battery; TEMPO; FMN-Na; energy storage

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10

Masri, M. N., M. F. M. Nazeri, and A. A. Mohamad. "Sago Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Zinc-Air Battery." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.305.

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A sago-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared by mixing native sago with potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous in order to investigate the applicability of GPE to zinc-air (Zn-air) battery. The viscosity and conductivity of the sago GPE were evaluated using varying sago amounts and KOH concentrations. The viscosity of the sago GPE was kept as a reserve in the region of ~ 0.2 Pa s as the KOH concentration was increased from 2 to 8 M. Sago GPE was found to have an excellent ionic conductivity of (4.45  0.1) x 10-1 S cm-1 with 6 M KOH. GPE was also employed in an experimental Znair battery using porous Zn electrode as the anode. The battery shows outstanding discharge capacity and practical capacity obtained of 505 mA h g-1.

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11

Sun, Tianjiang, Xuming Yuan, Ke Wang, et al. "An ultralow-temperature aqueous zinc-ion battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 11 (2021): 7042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta12409e.

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A low-temperature aqueous zinc-ion battery is developed based on 4 M Zn(BF<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> electrolyte with a low freezing point of −122 °C. The constructed Zn//TCBQ battery can be operated even at −95 °C and achieves a high discharge capacity of 63.5 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>.

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12

Kapaev, Roman R., Alexey G. Scherbakov, Alexander F. Shestakov, Keith J. Stevenson, and Pavel A. Troshin. "m-Phenylenediamine as a Building Block for Polyimide Battery Cathode Materials." ACS Applied Energy Materials 4, no. 5 (2021): 4465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00092.

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13

Davis, Russ E., and Jeffrey T. Sherman. "Evaluating a Lithium-Seawater Battery on Gliders." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 5 (2017): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0151.1.

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AbstractNeutral-buoyancy vehicles demand high-density energy sources and lithium is light with high oxidation energy. PolyPlus Battery Company has developed a prototype lithium-seawater battery that is attractive for powering long-duration autonomous oceanographic vehicles (floats and underwater gliders). These batteries were tested in the laboratory and at sea.PolyPlus batteries use “Protected Lithium Electrodes” with proprietary “windows” protecting the volatile lithium anode from water while passing lithium ions. The cathode reduces oxygen dissolved in seawater, or hydrolyzes seawater to produce hydrogen. Not requiring additional electrolyte, fuel, or pressure cases, these cells have impressive weight advantages. Good electrode–seawater mass transfer is required but can increase drag and be impeded by biofouling.Tests assessing robustness of the PolyPlus batteries in oceanographic use, evaluating mass transfer issues, and observing biofouling impacts are reported. In sea trials, two cells were tested for 69 days mounted on a Spray glider. Findings are as follows: 1) the cells were robust over 900 dives, most to 400 m; 2) without antifouling measures, the cells became substantially biofouled, but their performance was undiminished; and 3) performance was complex, depending on current density, oxygen concentration, and flow conditions. For dissolved oxygen concentration above 1 mL L−1, the cells delivered 9 W m−2 of electrode surface at 3 V. For low oxygen, the cell shifted to hydrolysis near 2.3 V, but mass transfer was less critical so current density could be increased and observed power reached 5 W m−2. This could be increased using a lower resistance load.

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14

Ramus, K., and P. Hawkins. "Lead/acid battery recycling and the new Isasmelt process." Journal of Power Sources 42, no. 1-2 (1993): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(93)80159-m.

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15

Shaolin, Mu, Ye Jinhai, and Wang Yuhua. "A rechargeable Zn/ZnCl2, NH4Cl/polyaniline/carbon dry battery." Journal of Power Sources 45, no. 2 (1993): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(93)87004-m.

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16

Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien CM, Marlene J. Fiers, Sheila E. Henderson, and Leslie Henderson. "Interrater Reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children." Physical Therapy 88, no. 2 (2008): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070068.

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Background and Purpose The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) is a widely used, standardized assessment of motor performance in children. The total score obtained on this test often is used to identify children who are either definitely impaired or at risk for motor impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of data for the M-ABC when scored by pediatric physical therapists working in routine clinical settings. Subjects and Methods For 9 children who were referred to clinical settings for an assessment of possible movement difficulties, performance on the appropriate age band of the M-ABC was videotaped. The 9 children, one at each age from 4 through 12 years, represented all ages covered by the test. The videotaped performances were rated according to the test instructions by 131 pediatric physical therapists with a range of experience and by an expert rater who developed the Dutch version of the test. Results The average agreement between therapists in their classification of the children was very high. The kappa coefficients for the 9 videos ranged from .95 to 1.00. Discussion and Conclusion Errors made by the therapists could be classified as those that might be common to all tests and those that are specific to the M-ABC.

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17

O’Keeffe, Brendan T., Ciaran MacDonncha, and Alan E. Donnelly. "Students’ attitudes towards and experiences of the Youth-fit health-related fitness test battery." European Physical Education Review 27, no. 1 (2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x20917416.

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The aim of this study was to examine secondary school students’ attitudes towards and experiences of a student-centred health-related fitness test battery. A total of 795 adolescents (403 boys, 50.7%; 392 girls, 49.3%) aged 13.2 years (±0.39) from 20 secondary schools in the Republic of Ireland participated in the study. Schools were stratified for gender, location and educational (dis)advantage. Students completed the test battery in small groups ( n = ≤6) and each test item was administered by a trained senior student facilitator. Testing took place during physical education lessons. Test items included: body mass index; 20 m shuttle run; back-saver sit and reach; hand-grip strength; standing long jump; isometric plank-hold; 90° push-up; 4×10 m shuttle run; and blood pressure. Following participation in the test battery, students completed an instrument with valid scores for measuring attitudes towards fitness tests. Students’ experiences of each test item were also analysed. Overall, students had a positive attitude towards fitness testing ( M = 3.9, ±0.59) on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Although both positive, the mean attitude score for boys ( M = 4.05, ±0.59) was significantly higher than girls ( M = 3.79, ±0.59; p < 0.01, t-test). Most students ( n = 690, 86.8%) agreed or strongly agreed that the senior student facilitator made it easier for them to perform the tests. In conclusion, students had positive attitudes towards and experiences of the Youth-fit test battery. Physical education teachers should consider implementing a small-group and senior student-facilitated approach when administering fitness tests.

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18

Hakeem, Akinlabi A. A., and Davut Solyali. "Empirical Thermal Performance Investigation of a Compact Lithium Ion Battery Module under Forced Convection Cooling." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113732.

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Lithium ion batteries (LiBs) are considered one of the most suitable power options for electric vehicle (EV) drivetrains, known for having low self-discharging properties which hence provide a long life-cycle operation. To obtain maximum power output from LiBs, it is necessary to critically monitor operating conditions which affect their performance and life span. This paper investigates the thermal performance of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) for a battery pack housing 100 NCR18650 lithium ion cells. Maximum cell temperature (Tmax) and maximum temperature difference (ΔTmax) between cells were the performance criteria for the battery pack. The battery pack is investigated for three levels of air flow rate combined with two current rate using a full factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) method. A worst case scenario of cell Tmax averaged at 36.1 °C was recorded during a 0.75 C charge experiment and 37.5 °C during a 0.75 C discharge under a 1.4 m/s flow rate. While a 54.28% reduction in ΔTmax between the cells was achieved by increasing the air flow rate in the 0.75 C charge experiment from 1.4 m/s to 3.4 m/s. Conclusively, increasing BTMS performance with increasing air flow rate was a common trend observed in the experimental data after analyzing various experiment results.

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19

Subramani, Tamilarasan, and Alexandra Navrotsky. "Thermochemistry of cation disordered Li ion battery cathode materials, (M′ = Nb and Ta, M′′ = Mn and Fe)." RSC Advances 10, no. 11 (2020): 6540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09759g.

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20

Guo, Lei, and Gen Wang Liu. "Research of Lithium-Ion Battery Sorting Method Based on Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.983.

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A method that applies Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM) in lithium-ion battery sorting in formation and test system is presented. The original Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is optimized, and weighted index m and cluster number c are analyzed. Through battery sorting experiment, this method is verified to be feasible and practical.

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21

Zerroual, L., F. Tedjar, J. Guitton, and A. Mousser. "Mechanism of PbO2 formation in lead/acid battery positive plates." Journal of Power Sources 41, no. 3 (1993): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(93)80041-m.

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22

Lü, Xiangfei, Nan jiang Hu, Jun Li, Zeng qi Zhang, and Wei Tang. "Catalytic activity to lithium-thionylchloride battery of different transitional metal carboxylporphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 18, no. 04 (2014): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424614500011.

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The 5-(4-carboxylatomethoxy)phenyl-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin ( H 2 Pp ) and its transition metal complex (MPp, M = Zn 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Cu 2+) were synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, MS and elementary analysis. Electrocatalytic effects associated with the reduction of thionyl chloride in a lithium/thionyl chloride ( Li / SOCl 2) battery containing H 2 Pp and its transition metal complex (MPp, M = Zn 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Cu 2+) are evaluated by the relative energy of the battery and discharge time. The results indicate that the energy of Li / SOCl 2 battery catalyzed by CuPp and ZnPp is 103.7%, 106.3%, respectively, higher than that of Li / SOCl 2 battery in the absence of the porphyrins. The energy of Li / SOCl 2 battery whose electrolyte contains NiPp and CoPp is similar to that of the cell in the absence of these complexes. It shows that the electronic configuration of the central metal ion influences a charge-transfer process during the reduction of thionyl chloride. With the increasing numbers of d electrons of the central metal ion, the catalytic activity of MPps was enhanced. The ZnPp with electronic configuration d10 of central metal ion exhibits relatively high catalytic activity.

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23

Braga, M. H., N. S. Grundish, A. J. Murchison, and J. B. Goodenough. "Alternative strategy for a safe rechargeable battery." Energy & Environmental Science 10, no. 1 (2017): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee02888h.

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The advent of a Li<sup>+</sup> or Na<sup>+</sup> glass electrolyte with a cation conductivity σ<sub>i</sub> > 10<sup>−2</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C and a motional enthalpy ΔH<sub>m</sub> = 0.06 eV that is wet by a metallic lithium or sodium anode is used to develop a new strategy for an all-solid-state, rechargeable, metal-plating battery.

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24

Morra, Sergio. "Issues in Working Memory Measurement: Testing for M Capacity." International Journal of Behavioral Development 17, no. 1 (1994): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700109.

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Two studies on measurement of M capacity are reported. Study 1, with 191 subjects aged 6-11, found factor-analytical and correlational evidence that five M capacity tests share a common source of variance, and that, with age, they increase at a similar rate. Study 2, with 124 subjects aged 6-10 years, replicated the previous findings. It is suggested that, in this age range, M capacity can be measured with a battery of tests.

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25

Ozawa, Kiyoshi, Yasuhiro Nakao, Takashi Mochiku, et al. "Electrochemical Characteristics of Layered Li1.95Mn0.9Co0.15O3(C2/m) as a Lithium-Battery Cathode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 159, no. 3 (2012): A300—A304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.079203jes.

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26

NAYAKA, G. P., K. V. PAI, J. MANJANNA, K. C. ANJANEYA, P. PERIASAMY, and V. S. TRIPATHI. "Structural, electrical and electrochemical studies of LiNi0.4 M 0.1Mn1.5O4 (M = Co, Mg) solid solutions for lithium ion battery." Bulletin of Materials Science 39, no. 5 (2016): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-016-1254-3.

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27

Chuang, Shu-Yuan, Chih-Hsing Leu, Kan-Lin Hsueh, et al. "Stability of Vanadium Electrolytes in the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." MRS Proceedings 1492 (2013): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.471.

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ABSTRACTThe stability of the negative electrode electrolyte affects the efficiency and capacity of energy storage in the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system. To explore the stability of vanadium electrolytes, the study prepared five types of V(II) electrolytes that were exposed to air in a fixed open area and monitored the charge state of vanadium ions over time by UV/Visible spectrophotometer. This study succeeded in preparing pure V(II) electrolytes. Five characteristics are found in the UV/Visible spectra, respectively, during the oxidation process from V(II) electrolytes to V(III) electrolytes and V(III) electrolytes to V(IV) electrolytes. The experimental results show that the oxidation rate of a solution of 1 M V(II) electrolytes to V(III) electrolytes and 1 M V(III) electrolytes to V(IV) electrolytes under an atmosphere of air is 4.79 and 0.0089 mol/h per square meter. The oxidation rates of 0.05-1 M V(II) electrolytes to V(III) electrolytes are approximately 96-538 times than that of V(III) electrolytes to V(IV) electrolytes.

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Ma, Jingling, Pengfei Hu, Xingliang Jia, Chenfei Zhang, and Guangxin Wang. "Organic/inorganic double solutions for magnesium–air batteries." RSC Advances 11, no. 13 (2021): 7502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10528g.

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In order to limit the anode corrosion and improve the battery activity, magnesium–air batteries with organic/inorganic double solutions (0.5 M Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>–N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/0.6 M NaCl–H<sub>2</sub>O, 0.5 M Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>–acetonitrile (AN)/0.6 M NaCl–H<sub>2</sub>O) were prepared.

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Mopoung, Sumrit, Russamee Sitthikhankaew, and Nantikan Mingmoon. "Preparation of Anode Material for Lithium Battery from Activated Carbon." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 1 (2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.32997.

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This research study describes the preparation of corncob derivedactivated carbon to be used as anodematerial for the preparation of lithium ion battery.The corncob was activated at 900 °C for 3 hours with KOH used in a 1:3 weight ratio.The final product was analyzed for chemical, physical, and electrical properties.The results show that the activated carbon is amorphous and contains some graphitic carbon with interconnected nano-channels. Furthermore,carboxyl functional groups were detected on the surface of the activated carbon product.The observed morphological characteristics in terms of surface area, total pore volume, micropore volume, and average pore size are 1367.4501 m²/g, 0.478390 cm³/g, 0.270916 cm³/g, and 2.10872 nm, respectively.In addition, the product also exhibits low electrical resistance in the range 0.706W-1.071W.Finally, the specific discharge capacities at the 1st and the 2nd cycles of the corncob derived activated carbon anode material were 488.67mA h/g and 241.45 mA h/g, respectively with an average of about 225 Ah/kg between the 3rd cycle and the 5th cycle. The averagespecific charge capacities/specific discharge capacities at increasing charging rate of 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, and 5C were approximated 190 mAh/g, 155 mAh/g, 135 mAh/g, 120 mAh/g, and 75 mAh/g, respectively, with 100%Coulombic efficiency in all 5 cycles.It was shown that the corncob derived activated carbon anode material has a relatively high rate capability, high reversibility, and rapid and stable capacity when compared to the general of biomass-derived carbon

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30

YANG, L., Z. SHAN, and Y. LIU. "The characteristic of polyaniline/polymer electrolyte in solid state lithium battery." Solid State Ionics 40-41 (August 1990): 967–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(90)90164-m.

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31

Tseng, Yi-Hsiang, and Yee-Pien Yang. "Torque and Battery Distribution Strategy for Saving Energy of an Electric Vehicle with Three Traction Motors." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082653.

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A torque and battery distribution (TBD) strategy is proposed for saving energy for an electric vehicle (EV) that is driven by three traction motors. Each traction motor is driven by an independent inverter and a battery pack. When the vehicle is accelerating or cruising, its vehicle control unit determines the optimal torque distribution of the three motors by particle swarm optimization (PSO) theory to minimize energy consumption on the basis of their torque–speed–efficiency maps. Simultaneously, the states of charge (SOC) of the three battery packs are controlled in balance for improving the driving range and for avoiding unexpected battery depletion. The proposed TBD strategy can increase 7.7% driving range in the circular New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) of radius 100 m and 28% in the straight-line NEDC. All the battery energy can be effectively distributed and utilized for extending the driving range with an improved energy consumption efficiency.

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32

Costa, Annamaria, and Marcella Guarino. "PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATION AND EMISSION FACTOR IN THREE DIFFERENT LAYING HEN HOUSING SYSTEMS." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 40, no. 3 (2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2009.3.15.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate PM10 concentration in three different laying hens houses (traditional battery cages with aerated open manure storage, aviary system and vertical tiered cages with manure belts with forced air drying) and to evaluate particulate matter emission into atmosphere during one year of observation. Internal and external temperature and relative humidity, ventilation rate, PM10 concentration have been continuously monitored in order to evaluate particulate matter concentration changes during the day and the season and to define PM10 emission factors. PM10 concentration was corrected by gravimetric technique to lower measurements error. In the aviary system house, TSP and fine particulate matter (particles smaller than 2.5 micron) concentration was measured. Average yearly PM10 concentration was remarkably higher in the aviary system house with 0.215 mg m-3 vs 108 mg m-3 for the ventilated belt house and vs 0.094 mg m-3 for the traditional battery cages house. In the Aviary system housing, TSP concentration was 0.444 mg m-3 and PM2.5 was 0.032 mg m-3, highlighting the existence of a severe working environment for men and animals. Recorded values for PM10 emission were 0.433 mg h-1 hen-1 for battery cages housing type, 0.081 mg h-1 hen-1 for ventilated belt cages house, values lower than those available in literature, while the aviary system housing type showed the highest PM10 emission (1.230 mg h-1 hen-1) with appreciable peaks during the morning, together with the increased animal activity and daily farmer operations, as feed administration, cleaning and droppings removal.

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Neri, Francesco, Andrea Laschi, Cristiano Foderi, Fabio Fabiano, Lucia Bertuzzi, and Enrico Marchi. "Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws." Forests 9, no. 8 (2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080501.

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In many activities, chainsaw users are exposed to the risk of injuries and several other hazard factors that may cause health problems. In fact, environmental and working conditions when using chainsaws result in workers’ exposure to hazards such as noise, vibration, exhaust gases, and wood dust. Repeated or continuous exposure to these unfavourable conditions can lead to occupational diseases that become apparent after a certain period of time has elapsed. Since the use of electric tools is increasing in forestry, the present research aims to evaluate the noise and vibration exposure caused by four models of electric chainsaws (Stihl MSA160T, Stihl MSA200C Li-Ion battery powered and Stihl MSE180C, Stihl MSE220C wired) during cross-cutting. Values measured on the Stihl MSA160T chainsaw (Li-Ion battery) showed similar vibration levels on both right and left handles (0.9–1.0 m s−2, respectively) and so did the other battery-powered chainsaw, the Stihl MSA200C (2.2–2.3 m s−2 for right and left handles, respectively). Results showed a range of noise included between 81 and 90 dB(A) for the analysed chainsaws. In conclusion, the vibrations and noise were lower for the battery chainsaws than the wired ones, but, in general, all the values were lower than those measured in previous studies of endothermic chainsaws.

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Bock, Robert, Morten Onsrud, Håvard Karoliussen, Bruno Pollet, Frode Seland, and Odne Burheim. "Thermal Gradients with Sintered Solid State Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 13, no. 1 (2020): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010253.

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The electrolyte is one of the three essential constituents of a Lithium-Ion battery (LiB) in addition to the anode and cathode. During increasingly high power and high current charging and discharging, the requirement for the electrolyte becomes more strict. Solid State Electrolyte (SSE) sees its niche for high power applications due to its ability to suppress concentration polarization and otherwise stable properties also related to safety. During high power and high current cycling, heat management becomes more important and thermal conductivity measurements are needed. In this work, thermal conductivity was measured for three types of solid state electrolytes: Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP), and Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) at different compaction pressures. LAGP and LATP were measured after sintering, and LLZO was measured before and after sintering the sample material. Thermal conductivity for the sintered electrolytes was measured to 0.470 ± 0.009 WK − 1 m − 1 , 0.5 ± 0.2 WK − 1 m − 1 and 0.49 ± 0.02 WK − 1 m − 1 for LLZO, LAGP, and LATP respectively. Before sintering, LLZO showed a thermal conductivity of 0.22 ± 0.02 WK − 1 m − 1 . An analytical temperature distribution model for a battery stack of 24 cells shows temperature differences between battery center and edge of 1–2 K for standard liquid electrolytes and 7–9 K for solid state electrolytes, both at the same C-rate of four.

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Moser, V. C., and R. C. MacPhail. "International validation of a neurobehavioral screening battery: the IPCS/WHO collaborative study." Toxicology Letters 64-65 (December 1992): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(92)90192-m.

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Faustman, William O., and James A. Moses. "Evaluating schizophrenic patients with and without tardive dyskinesia with a neuropsychological battery." Schizophrenia Research 15, no. 1-2 (1995): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)95635-m.

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Zirak, M., H. Alehdaghi, and A. Moshfegh. "Fabrication of single-layer MS2 (M=Mo, W) nanosheets using Li battery setup." Iranian Journal of Physics Research 19, no. 2 (2019): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ijpr.19.2.365.

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ZHUANG, Lin. "Metal-Organic Framework/Carbon Nanotube-Based Foldable Lithium-Sulfur Battery." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 33, no. 4 (2017): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201703093.

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39

Roe, Sarah, Chris Menictas, and Maria Skyllas-Kazacos. "A High Energy Density Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with 3 M Vanadium Electrolyte." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 163, no. 1 (2015): A5023—A5028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0041601jes.

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40

Engel-Yeger, Batya, Sara Rosenblum, and Naomi Josman. "Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC): Establishing construct validity for Israeli children." Research in Developmental Disabilities 31, no. 1 (2010): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.08.001.

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Koyama, Yukinori, Isao Tanaka, Yang-Soo Kim, Shigeto R. Nishitani, and Hirohiko Adachi. "First Principles Study on Factors Determining Battery Voltages of LiMO2(M=Ti-Ni)." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, Part 1, No. 8 (1999): 4804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.38.4804.

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42

Zhou, Hui, Yingshun Li, Jiaolong Zhang, Wenpei Kang, and Denis Y. W. Yu. "Low-temperature direct synthesis of layered m-LiMnO2 for lithium-ion battery applications." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 659 (February 2016): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.038.

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43

Jung, Woo Hyun, Dong Kyu Park, Kwang Chul Jung, Se Hoon Suck, In Sup Ahn, and Ki Won Kim. "Characteristics of (Fe, M)S₂ (M=Co, Ni, Mo) Composite Powders Fabricated by MCP." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.17.

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As the electrodes of secondary battery are made with sulfide composite powders, excellent electrode system of environmental non-toxicity and with high specific energy density and low material cost can be obtained. In this study, the (Fe, M)S2 composite powders was synthesized by mechanochemical processes (MCP) in order to improve of the cycle life in bettery. The formation of pyrite phase appreared at the case which adds nickel, but it was not observed in the case where the transition metal was does not add but the transition metal such as cobalt, molybdenum was added in stead. From charge-discharge test results, the initial discharge capasity of (Fe, Ni)S2 electrode was 845 mAh/g. The initial discharge capasity of (Fe, Co)S2 electrode was 500mAh/g, but it showed a better cycle perfoemance than the case where the diffrent transition metal was added.

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Fleischmann, Simon, Marco Zeiger, Nicolas Jäckel, et al. "Tuning pseudocapacitive and battery-like lithium intercalation in vanadium dioxide/carbon onion hybrids for asymmetric supercapacitor anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 25 (2017): 13039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02564e.

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Shi, Qing Sheng. "Charging Station Battery Optimal Distribution Software Design Based on GUI Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2007.

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Charging station network is one of the most critical links, during the large-scale operation progress of new energy vehicles. Due to the large number of charging stations in network, the number of batteries distributed in the whole charging station network is also very large. Timely and accurately delivering of replaced battery would save a lot of material and manpower costs and time. Therefore, battery optimal distribution problem in charging station network must be resolved. The main purpose of this paper is to design the power battery optimal distribution software. Matlab GUI (Graphical User Interface) technique is adopted to design simulation test software interface, and m language is used to implement background operations of optimal algorithm parameters.

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Alacid Cárceles, Fernando, and Gema Torres Luque. "Propuesta de una batería de test para la evaluación física del kayak-polo (Specific test to Canoe Polo)." Retos, no. 15 (March 28, 2015): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i15.34994.

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La creación de test o baterías de test cada vez más específicas está contribuyendo a un mejor conocimiento del deportista y a la consecución del máximo rendimiento deportivo. De esta forma, a partir del análisis de las características de una especialidad deportiva como es el kayak-polo, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una batería de seis test específicos, así como la propuesta metodológica para llevarla a cabo. Esta batería de test está compuesta por las siguientes pruebas: lanzamiento de balón medicinal de 3 kg; 15 m máximos con salida; test de 5 x 10 m; test de 20 x 20 m; valoraciónde la frecuencia cardiaca en juego y conducción de balón en zigzag.Abstract: The creation of specific test or batteries of test are contributing to increase the knowledge of the sportsmen/women and to achieve the maximum sports performance. From the analysis of the characteristics of a sport like canoe polo, the aim of this paper is to propose a battery of test for canoe polo, as well as the method to carry out it. The battery of test is composed by the following test: throwing a ball of 3 kg; 15 m test; 5 x 10 m test; 20 x 20 m test; and finally driving in zigzag.

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Pang, Qiang, Xiangyu Yu, Shijing Zhang, et al. "High-Capacity and Long-Lifespan Aqueous LiV3O8/Zn Battery Using Zn/Li Hybrid Electrolyte." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (2021): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061429.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage because of their low cost and high safety. However, their practical applications are impeded by low energy density and short service life. Here, an aqueous Zn2+/Li+ hybrid-ion battery is fabricated using the LiV3O8 nanorods as the cathode, metallic Zn as the anode, and 3 M Zn(OTf)2 + 0.5 M LiOTf aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Compared with the batteries using pure 3 M Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte, the cycle performance of the hybrid-ion battery is significantly improved. After 4000 cycles at 5 A g1, the remaining capacity is 163.9 mA h g−1 with impressive capacity retention of 87.0%. Ex-situ XRD, ex-situ XPS, and SEM tests demonstrate that the hybrid electrolyte can inhibit the formation of the irreversible Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O by-product and restrict Zn dendrite growth during cycling, thereby improving the cycle performance of the batteries.

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Dharavath, Ravindar, Ashwin Murali, Abdul Wasi Tarapathi, Balasubramanian Trichy Srinivasan, and Rambabu Kammili. "Low-Temperature Conductivity Study of Multiorganic Solvent Electrolyte for Lithium-Sulfur Rechargeable Battery Application." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2019 (November 30, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8192931.

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The conductivity of an electrolyte plays a significant role in deciding the performance of any battery over a wide temperature range from −40°C to 60°C. In this work, the conductivity of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at a varied salt concentration range from 0.2 M to 2.0 M in a multisolvent organic electrolyte system over a wide temperature range from −40°C to 60°C is reported. The mixed solvents used were 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) with an equal ratio of DOL : DME : TEGDME (1 : 1 : 1 by volume). The experimental analysis performed over a wide temperature range revealed the maximum conductivity at salt concentrations ranging from 1.0 M to 1.4 M for equal molar solvents. The optimum salt concentration and maximum conductivity in a different solvent composition ratio (i.e., 3 : 2 : 1) for all the temperatures is reported herein. The temperature-dependence conductivity of the salt concentration did not fit the Arrhenius plot, but it resembled the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher plot behavior. The present conductivity study was carried out to evaluate the overall operable temperature limit of the electrolyte used in the lithium-sulfur battery.

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Nie, Ping, Laifa Shen, Haifeng Luo, et al. "Prussian blue analogues: a new class of anode materials for lithium ion batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 16 (2014): 5852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00062e.

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Herein, we demonstrate that nanoparticles of cobalt hexacyanocobaltate and manganese hexacyanocobaltate, typical Prussian blue analogues with the chemical formula M<sub>3</sub><sup>II</sup>[Co<sup>III</sup>(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>2</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O (M = Co, Mn), can be operated as novel battery anodes in an organic liquid-carbonate electrolyte.

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Li, Wang, Gen Wang Liu, and Fu He Yang. "Design of Automatic Measurement System of Lithium Battery Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Based on Microcomputer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.259.

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A system of miniaturized lithium battery electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement is designed with high precision impedance converter chip AD5933 as its core. The measurement range of the system is from 0.010Hz to 100 KHz. Meanwhile, by using a high-level programming language of C#, an interface is developed which can real-time graphic display of EIS information. Through measurement and analysis of two types of impedance, the results show that detection precision of the system is less than 3.5%. Finally, amplitude-frequency response curves and Nyquist plots of HL-18650 M lithium battery at different state of charge (SOC) levels are measured. Compared with lithium battery EIS measurement system by traditional division, this system has the outstanding advantages of small size, high level of integration, low cost, simple operation and high precision. It is helpful to the mass production and application of lithium battery EIS measurement system.

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