Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bauges (France ; massif) – Histoire'
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Palisse, Marianne. "Les Bauges entre projets institutionnels et dynamiques locales : patrimoines, territoires et nouveaux lieux du politique." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/palisse_m.
Full textBased on fieldwork in the mountainous region of Bauges, in the Savoie, and more precisely in the Canton of Chatelard, this thesis introduces an approach to research that explores relationships to time and space, and how members of a contemporary rural community create a sense of social community. Once nearly deserted, the locality is now experiencing a revitalization due to immigration. Groups from diverse origins are living alongside one another, and, though remaining linked to networks that extend beyond the locality, they are attempting to build a community. At the same time, in projects depicting the patrimonial heritage of the area, institutions, including a regional natural Park, convey an image of the community as based on a model of federation. While these representations have been popular with tourists, the local population contests them, citing that they do not recognize themselves in these images. In contrast with the history valorized by the images of patrimonial history, which convey a territorial continuity and tend to position members of the community as spectators of a reality upon which they have little influence, the inhabitants have recourse to a memory in which they describe themselves as actively forging community. Far from copying a model available from cities, the locality is attempting to produce a community founded on experimentation, creating new modes of public space that permit members to engage directly in political life, without any intermediaries
Najib, Molaï Hamid Reza. "Etude de la structure et du fonctionnement hydrologique du bassin versant karstique de la doria (massif des bauges - savoie)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE04.
Full textPalisse, Marianne Martin Jean-Baptiste. "Les Bauges entre projets institutionnels et dynamiques locales patrimoines, territoires et nouveaux lieux du politique /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/palisse_m.
Full textBegeot, Carole. "Histoire de la végétation et du climat au cours du Tardiglaciaire et du début de l'Holocène sur le massif jurassien central à partir de l'analyse pollinique et des macrorestes véfétaux." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2076.
Full textKoerner, Waltraud. "Impacts des anciennes utilisations agricoles sur la fertilité du milieu forestier actuel." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070025.
Full textEstienne, Marie-Pierre. "Les réseaux castraux et l'évolution de l'architecture castrale dans les Baronnies de Mevouillon et de Montauban de la fin du Xe siecle à 1317." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10077.
Full textPlusquellec, Yves. "Histoire naturelle des pleurodictyformes (Cnidaria, Tabulata, Dévonien) du Massif Armoricain et des régions maghrebo-européennes principalement." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2047.
Full textThe memoir consists of three main chapters: 1) general considerations about the morphology, structure and microstructure, 2) systematic stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic studies, 3) global conclusions dealing with biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography. 1- A glossary o morphological temis and generic diagnosis are given. The systematic value of the microstructure and its place in the hierarchy of characters for the families, subfamilies and genus definition is examined. New data on the microstructure of Pleurodictyum and Granulidictyum are given. Conceming the Pleurodictyum-Hicetes system, unusual andlor new data are studied. The study of the development of the corallum allows to define two kinds of prototriads and two kinds of architectures of the corallum : the pleurodictyoid and the petrioid settings. 2- The follovng genera are studied : Pleurodictyum, Petridictyum, Pterodictyum, Kerforneidictyum, Granulidictyum, Pachyprocteria, Procteria, Procterodictyum, Amazonodictyum n, gen. , Cleistopora, Aporodictyum, Paracleistopora, Cleistodictyum, Ligulodictyum et Vaughaniopsis n. Gen. The stratigraphic and paleogeographic distribution of each genus is given in a se of maps. 3- In the Devonian of the Rade de Brest the first occurrence ot Pleurodictyum-like corals in the Lower Lochkovian, their revival during the Lower Emsian (BZE ?) and then during the Upper Emsian, and their extinction in the Upper Givetian (top of varcus Zone ?) is emphasized. Data concerning the global stratigraphy and paleobiogeography of the Pleurodictyum-like corals and their probable ways of dispersion are dealt with
Mongel, Véronique. "La dynamique des paysages dans le sud du massif vosgien." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21028.
Full textConstant, André. "Du castrum à la seigneurie : pouvoirs et occupation du sol dans le massif des Albères et ses marges (IIIe siècle-XIIe siècle)." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20010.
Full textIn the mediterranean area of the Pyrenees, the creation of a military frontier during the late Empire and the rise of the pyrenean bishoprics during the visigothic period lead to the local creation of the castrum. After a probable crisis in the 8th century, there is a revival of the first castrum network, encouraged by carolingian kings through the aprisio grant. Around the 940s, the territorialisation of the parish deeply transforms the organisation and heralds the emergence of seigniorial viscountcies. In the 11th century, at the same time as a process of incastellamento begins within the network of old villae, the slow development of the gregorian reform adapts the castrum districts to a new geographical organisation of power. Finally, in the 12th century, the merging of the castrum and the parish leads to the appearance of a more complex infrastructure, linked to the chapters of cathedrals and the collegiate churches of canons, to manage rural spaces
Sottocasa, Valérie. "Mémoires affrontées : protestants et catholiques face à la Révolution dans les montagnes du Languedoc." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17147.
Full textThe historians do know well the popular resistances to the French Revolution in West France; but the attitudes of the southern populations are still ignored, specially in the mountains. Here Revolution stirred up early and violent conflicts, previous to the Vendean insurrection. As soon as 1790, a spiral of violences raise up, and continue until 1815. The present work had to understand its roots, to grasp the forms and modalities of its expression. The judicial series belonging to revolutionary archives have been analysed, and a basis of data realized : the popular movements have been indexed, showing the force of the antagonisms during the Revolution. Diagrams and maps reveal the existence of an authentic demarcation line between revolutionary and refractory countries. This political frontier repeats another one, older : the religious frontier between protestants and catholics. Soon brought over to the Reform, the Cévennes are a protestant bastion the revocation of the Edit de Nantes and the following persecutions could not penetrate. Revolutionary protestants and counter-revolutionary catholics ? The link between politic and religion had to be analysed. In a second stage, the present work focuses on religious history of the southern mountains, in order to weigh the impact of the revolutionary crisis upon sensibilities and political experiences. These mountains had sustained long and recurrent wars of religion : the Revolution appeared to them like a new moment of these fratricide struggles. Their remembrance clearly had an impact upon political behaviours during the Revolution. Religious, judicial and literary sources from the XVIth, XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries have been analysed : this regressive investigation allowed to show the strength of the remembrance populations had kept about the old recurrent conflicts between protestants and catholics : wars of Duke of Rohan (1620-1629) and rebellion of the Camisards (1702-1705) deeply marked minds and sensibilities in southern mountains. The Revolution appeared in these countries as a religious crisis, and awoke ancestral hates : it imposed a confessional reading of the facts, until the last decades of the XIXth century
Gallier, Paschoud Anne-Christine. "Les concessions de mines de houille dans les Cévennes depuis la loi du 21 avril 1810 jusqu'à la nationalisation de 1946." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10016.
Full textThe notion of concession was created by the april 21st 1810 law, real starting point of a legislation about coal, to control the energetic ressources by the gouvernement and to have more and better exploitations. This is a work about its application through concessions and coal exploiting companies in the southern region of france the "cevennes", to show their evolution till their absorption by the french national coal board in 1946
Cornu, Pierre. "La forteresse vide : une histoire des hautes terres du Massif central entre déprise humaine et emprise symbolique (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/cornu_p.
Full textThe depopulation of the Hautes Terres du Massif central, between the middle of the XIXth and the end of the XXth century is a more complicated question than it seems to be at first sight, about which there is still much to learn. In this purpose, it can prove useful to study the comportment of the remaining inhabitants, rather than the well-know migrants. First, the demographic approach, conducted on the basis of 15 "cantons", chosen in the whole space of the Massif central, allows to see the intern heterogeneity of the phenomenon and the contradictory forces that conduct it, but also its increasing convergence, leading to the development of human emptiness at the end of the XXth century. The narrative approach reveals the richness of the phenomenon, in the imbrication of economic and social mechanisms that comes with the evolution of the relationship between men and their land. Then can be discovered a logic of withdrawal, but also forms of resistance, conducted by the rural communities or their economic, political and religious leaders. At last, the analytic approach helps to understand the psychological and symbolic sense of this long-lasting desertion : the comparison, side by side, of the ways individuals and the whole nation live it, reveals interesting similitude. By the study of regionalist literature, can be seen, in the mourning of ancient France, the emergence and the crystallisation of an ideology of the keeping of memory and roots, making of the Hautes terres du Massif central a high fortress, nearly empty of men but full of myths
Goepp, Stéphanie. "Origine, histoire et dynamique des Hautes-Chaumes du massif vosgien : Déterminismes environnementaux et actions de l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553049.
Full textBalzarro, Anna. "Le Vercors et la zone libre de l'Alto Tortonese : récits, mémoire, histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0058.
Full textSgard, Anne. "Paysage, de la représentation à l'identité : Les discours sur la montagne et le développement territorial, l'exemple du Vercors." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE19066.
Full textWhat does the notion of landscape imply ? What is its place in geography ? These questions lay the foundations for this research. The interest for landscape is currently boosted by a study of sight and representation; the aim is to study how this representation as an historical and social process builds up and to assess the interest of this conception from the angle of development in the intermediate moutain areas of the alps. The first part of this research is methodological and deals with the following questions: what are the theoritical and epistemological foundations ? What are the conditions of an analysis of the landscape assessed through discourses and images ? What are the links between landscape and territoriality ? The second part examines, with the case of the Vercors massif, how the conception of landscape as representation has been valided : written and visual documents testify that the massif has been discovered by the first tourists around the end of the nineteenth century, and show how the image of the vercors massif builds up since that time. The third part is a study on the scale of the village itself (Corrençon-en-Vercors) wich examines the permanent residents' discourses of their environnement: the analysis of the semi-guided interview is compared to the results of a survey based on questionnaires to the owners of second homes. The fourth part analyses on different scales (the regional, inter-regional, national and european scales) the discourses of the social partners, their ideologies and how the themes around landscape are used, particularly in local development projects
Chaussat, Alain-Gilles. "Les populations du Massif armoricain au crible du sarrasin. Etude d'un marqueur culturel du Bocage normand (XVI-XX siècle)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC035/document.
Full textToday, buckwheat is unavoidably associated with the famous Breton galettes (buckwheat pancakes), yet we know little of its history. Introduced as a subsistence crop in western France (Brittany and west Normandy) during the 15th and 16th centuries, buckwheat became the predominant crop and foodstuff in the region from the 17th century. This study examines the role of buckwheat in various aspects of societies in western France from the 16th century to the 20th century, via four main sections: the introduction and spread of buckwheat in Europe, its place in the agrarian systems of the Armorican Massif, its impact on the diets of populations in this region and its use in relieving subsistence crises. The chapters compare practices in Brittany and Normandy, to identify elements of a common identity among populations in western France, and elements that are specific to territories. This comparative approach is repeated within these two spaces, to identify local particularities
Ouguerram, Abdelouahed. "Histoire de la vallée de l'Erdre (affluent de la Loire, Massif armoricain, France) de la fin du Tardiglaciaire aux époques actuelles /." [Nantes] (Faculté des sciences, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Cedex 3) : Groupe d'études des milieux naturels, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38938872n.
Full textRomey, Carole. "Histoire des paysages et de l’occupation humaine du massif des Calanques depuis 300 000 ans." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4334/document.
Full textThis Phd research work focuses on : (1) paleo-environment of the Calanques, (2) karst structure formation (polje of Cassis, SE France) and (3) Holocene environmental changes linked to human activities.The study is based on a multi-geophysical methods approach (electrical resistivity tomography, gravimetric, passive sismic survey) and on several sedimentary records studies. The main sedimentary record is 50 m-long core coming from a pleistocene paleolake located 2 km from the Mediterranean Sea. Limestone dissolution and/or cavity collapse led to the development of a polje, rapidly filled by the erosion of Aptian marls in glacial period. The connection between the polje and the three kilometer long Bestouan underwater karstic conduit with submarine outlet is strongly suggested by sedimentological studies and geophysical prospections.The Holocene environment is dominated by dry herbaceous formations. Human activities impact on the environment is visible through (1) local water network changes, (2) lead metallurgy activity and (3) agro-pastoral practices
Conus, Marie-France. "Cycles longs et transformations structurelles : application à l'industrie houillère des Cévennes : 1810-1967." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10017.
Full textRoupnel-Fuentes, Manuella. "Une rupture totale : le licenciement massif des salariés de Moulinex." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003942.
Full textBerger, Luc. "Développement et ressources en eau dans trois vallées de la bordure orientale du Massif central (XIXe-XXe s. ) : la Turdine, le Gier et la Cance." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040311.
Full textOn the eastern border of the Massif central, the industrialization of the valleys of the Turdine (textile ennoblement), of the Gier (metallurgy, glasswork and textile ennoblement), of the Cance (leather industry and paper manufacturing) has inherited from traditional handicrafts linked to the hydrographic network to produce energy and generate output. These water-consuming industries have rapidly been confronted to a shortage of water supply in the catchment area with a small water table and drained by lowest water level rivers in the summer time. These industries have also been competing with other demands especially in the agricultural sector. Since the XIXth century this competition has been at the origin of many conflicts that could be solved only thanks to new hydraulic facilities (dams, diversion of water from other catchment areas) which are responsible for a large alteration of the natural hydrology. Very quickly, the industrialization of these valleys has deteriorated the quality of the water surface network. I thanks to the systematic help of all the available sources of information (records, technical books, etc. ) This study has been aiming at quantifying the hydrological impacts and water pollution in rivers over the last two centuries
Giligny, François. "La variabilité des récipients céramiques au chalcolitique moyen-récent jurassien (3400-2400 av. J. -C. ) : analyse archéologique d'un système d'objets." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010706.
Full textThe morphological, design and technological variability of the vessels of two regional ceramic corpus, coming from lake-dwelling sites of Clairvaux and Chalain in east france, and of delley portalban in west switzerland are studied. Two chrono-cultural sequences are proposed for both area, after discussion of the quality of the sample, and of its stratigraphical context. Phenomenon of cultural discontinuity are pointed out and are explained, wether as alternative influences from the south of france and from east or west switzerland, or as a genesis of local cultures. Social strategies are involved to explain the typological variability in the jura
Barbarand, Jocelyn. "Cinétique de cicatrisation des traces de fission dans les cristaux d'apatite et histoire thermique de la bordure sud-est du Massif Central." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0052_BARBARAND.pdf.
Full textFassion, Franck. "Occupation humaine et interactions sociétés-milieu dans les massifs du Livradois-Forez ( massif central, France) de la fin du second Âge du fer au haut Moyen âge." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30459/30459.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy.
Dacko, Marion. "Circuler dans le Massif central à l’époque romaine : réseaux, infrastructures et équipements routiers. Le cas des cités arverne et vellave." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20007.
Full textEstablishing a documentary synthesis missing until now for Auvergne, this study focus in themateriality of the antique roads and in their level of equipment within two territories ofcentral Gaul, arverne and vellave cities, situated in the mountainous part of Massif Central.By taking into account the whole available historic, epigraphic and archaeologicaldocumentation, this research aims at establishing the structural diversity of the roadinfrastructures, their technical and geometrical characteristics as well as their equipment(boundary stones, works of crossing of streams, accommodations). The planning of the roadnetwork is study through three approaches : technical, chronological and hierarchical. The analysis of the constraints and the environmental resources, whether they are topographic,hydrographic or geological, highlights numerous technical solutions. The chronological andhierarchical dimension allows comprehending of the variability and the constants ofplanning of the network according to the territorial scale of axes (long, average and smallroute), their period of construction and their project managers
Lehébel-Péron, Ameline. "L’abeille noire et la ruche-tronc : approche pluridisciplinaire de l’apiculture traditionnelle cévenole : histoire, diversité et enjeux conservatoires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20093/document.
Full textFor several centuries, the Cévennes region in Southern France has been renowned as a “land of honey”. Beekeeping in Cévennes is characterized by lo brusc, a traditional hive that is made of a hollowed chestnuts log which is covered with a schistous stone slab called “lauze”. Log hive apiaries are a very old and rustic form of beekeeping, which was a major driver of human occupation history and landscape dynamics throughout the Cévennes. From their origins, log hives were home most exclusively to black bees (Apis mellifera mellifera) that were settled in the region far before the rise of humankind. Nowadays, beekeeping in Cévennes is mainly carried out in frame hives. Current beekeeping practices — purchase of bees, transhumance, queen selection… — have led to a drastic decrease in populations of local bee subspecies, and to their genetic homogenization. In order to better understand and preserve this remarkable natural and cultural beekeeping heritage, the Cévennes National Park implemented a multidisciplinary study, through the funding of a CIFRE (Industrial contract for training through research) doctoral research.1- The first part of the study is dedicated to the hive. Archive documents strongly support the assertion that the very first log hives that were established in Cévennes date back to the end of the Middle Age. Afterwards they expanded and were maintained until the middle of the 20th century. The shift from log hive to frame hive occurred progressively throughout the past century. Testimonies by old Cévennes inhabitants helped assessing local practices, knowledge and know-how related to these traditional apiaries. Furthermore, spatial analyses were undertaken to characterize the micro-environment surrounding apiaries. These analyses corroborate local discourses about where an apiary should ideally be set up.2- The black bee is the epicenter of the second part of the study. From the common bee to the “black and aggressive” bee, views by the beekeeping community concerning the local bee in Cévennes have evolved over the past century. Genetic analyses using geometrical morphometry and mitochondrial DNA were successively implemented to establish a state of the art of local bee populations. Morphometric data tell us that nearly 2/3rd of the bee populations of Causses and Cévennes are composed of black bees. However, mitochondrial DNA data alert us on the high level of introgression within these populations. Such introgression equally affects bees kept in frame hives and those kept in log hives.3- The third part of the study addresses the sensitive issue of a conservation strategy of local beekeeping patrimony that is carried out by the public development agency of the Cévennes National Park. Past conservationist resources and actions are described and so are the perspectives and obstacles to a valuable conservation strategy of black bees and log hives in a context of protected area. In conclusion, the study advocates for an indispensable multi-stakeholder conciliation and a necessary integration of several types of knowledge — local ecological knowledge, knowledge from learned experts, scientific knowledge — that takes into consideration the social, economical and ecological changes affecting the overall Cévennes region
Gaudin, Loïc. "Les transformations spatio-temporelles de la végétation du nord-ouest de la France depuis la fin de la dernière glaciation. Reconstitutions paléo-paysagères." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470150.
Full textBaret, Florian. "Les agglomérations "secondaires" gallo-romaines dans le Massif Central : (cités des arvernes, vellaves, gabales, rutenes, cadurques et lémovices), 1er siècle avant J.-C. - Ve siècle après J.-C." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20003/document.
Full textAmong the forms of organization one can observe in the ancient habitat, there is one particular structure that has been slightly ignored by French archeologists: the lesser urbanized settlements. However, in the last twenty years, small towns have attracted renewed interest.A historiographical study of the Gaul territory highlighted a less studied group of population: the ancient peoples of the Massif Central. In this thesis we intend to have a closer look at such populations as the Arvernes, the Vellaves, the Gabales, the Rutenes, the Cadurques, and the Lemovices from 1st century B.C. - 5th century A.D. We first established a corpus of sites starting with the study of the regional bibliography, which enabled us to create records for each area. We completed this first approach with several field operations such as ground, aerial, geophysical and topographical surveys. All those data were synthesized in a series of archaeological descriptors developed using the Archaeomedes model.The use of such descriptors enabled us to develop some statistical analyses and go beyond the simple reliability factor (which allows the distinction between rejected sites, hypothetical and true urbanized clusters). On the basis of our tested and proven classification, keeping in mind the suggested urban hierarchy and with the help of our spatial and morphological analyses, we were able to obtain a more complete picture of the urban framework of the ancient cities of the Massif Central.The data collected allowed us to better apprehend and understand the relation between such urban clusters and their natural environment, but also to place them in an archaeological context by studying the links between rural housing, the ancient administrative structure (chef-lieu), the city and territory limits, and the major communication routes (land and water). Through a multi-scale study of those population clusters, we were able to determine their general structure, to look at the role of local crafts and trade but also the place of major buildings, and waterworks. We took specific care to the chronological evolution in thosesmall towns by looking at them from their protohistoric beginnings through Antiquity and until early medieval times.While we cross-referenced all the different sources (bibliography and field surveys) and the analysis scales within the Massif Central, we also did a cross-comparison with other neighboring areas in order to validate such work. Besides the statistical data, we used the Geographic Information System and our database to reach our conclusions.This thesis aims at uncovering the reality of those ancient population clusters present in the Massif Central. Our results showed clearly the importance of those in the settlement system, their different forms structured according to the local geography and major trade routes. The functions/positions available in small towns were varied and recurrent but also corresponded to specific trades within each structure while remaining homogeneous.Through our chronological analysis we were able to point out a significant reduction in their numbers starting in the third century, though not their disappearing. In the 4th century new types of population clusters appeared, not as a response to an acute crisis, but more as a result of an evolution called on by new needs
Lefebvre, Tiphaine. "Influence de l’herbivorie sauvage et domestique en prairie subalpine : réponse métabolique des plantes et conséquences fonctionnelles sur la décomposition des litières." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV030/document.
Full textAlpine grasslands are home to large populations of wild herbivores and are often exposed to additional grazing by domestic herbivores. This study aims to investigate the metabolic response of subalpine plant species to herbivory and to identify the ecosystem functional consequences via the alteration of litter decomposability. For this purpose, we set up a two-year experimental design using exclosures on the Armenaz subalpine grassland from the Bauges massif, under two mammalian herbivory regimes: intensive grazing by domestic heifers (Bos taurus) and extensive grazing by wild chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). We measured leaf functional traits representative of growth and defense metabolisms on about twenty plant species grown in presence or absence of herbivores, and estimated litter decomposability of some of these species. Contrary to the hypothesis of a growth/defense tradeoff, our results show that the allocation of defensive compounds (polyphenols and lignin) in plants is not related to their nutrient acquisition strategy. In our study, plant responses to grazing exclusion vary according to: (1) herbivory context, plant response being more pronounced in the case of intensive grazing by heifers than extensive grazing by chamois, (2) plant species, suggesting that they rely on different defensive strategies, (3) environmental conditions, which may reflect the interactive effects with grazing treatment. One of the observed responses of plants to grazing exclusion is the decrease of their phenolic content, and more specifically flavonoids, which can be explained by the relaxation of the production of plant defenses when herbivores are no longer present. Chamois exclusion has no influence on chemical composition and decomposability of litters, the latter being best explained by its phenolic content. Revealing the contrasted effects of wild and domestic mammalian herbivores on vegetation and related soil processes allow us to improve our understanding of subalpine grasslands functioning. This should help us to better predict the effects of potential demographic variations of herbivore populations on environment
Martin, Jean-Philippe. "Intégration du patrimoine géologique à la stratégie de développement local du Parc Naturel Régional du Massif des Bauges (France)." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3934/1/M11906.pdf.
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