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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Baumgarten

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Academic literature on the topic 'Baumgarten'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Baumgarten"

1

Switzer, Adrian. "The Traditional Form of a Complete Science." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 22, no. 44 (2014): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica2014224422.

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The article treats as significant the formal coincidence between Kant’s presentation of the science of metaphysics in the “Architectonic of Pure Reason” chapter of the first Critique and Alexander Baumgarten’s presentation of the same in the Metaphysica. From his comments on Baumgarten in the metaphysics lectures, the article shows that for Kant metaphysics in its traditional form lacked completeness and systematic order. Kant fits completeness into his architectonic plan of a scientific metaphysics by Converting Baumgartian ontology into an “analytic of the understanding”; Kant achieves the systematicity by modeling a rational “idea of the form of the whole” after Baumgarten’s tree-like ordering of the special sciences of metaphysics. Thus, Kant realizes the completeness and systematicity in a theoretical presentation of the science of metaphysics that he finds lacking in Baumgarten precisely by borrowing from the latter his scheme for metaphysics.

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Sala, Lorenzo. "Kant and Baumgarten on positing. Kant's notion of positing as a response to that of Baumgarten." Revista de Estudios Kantianos 5, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/rek.5.2.14003.

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In the literature on Kant’s philosophy, it is almost universally ignored that Baumgarten used the notion of positing in a technical sense before Kant. In this article, I try to fill this gap in the literature by providing an analysis of Kant’s notion of positing in relation to Baumgarten’s one. I first show how Kant's differentiation of relative and absolute positing is not simply an alternative to Baumgarten's notion of existence, but is instead an alternative to his (usually ignored) notion of positing; I then develop a positive account of Kant’s notion of positing.

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Fugate, Courtney D. "Alexander Baumgarten on the Principle of Sufficient Reason." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 22, no. 44 (2014): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica2014224421.

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This paper defends the Principle of Sufficient Reason, taking Baumgarten as its guide. The primary aim is not to vindicate the principle, but rather to explore the kinds of resources Baumgarten originally thought sufficient to justify the PSR against its early opponents. The paper also considers Baumgarten’s possible responses to Kant’s pre-Critical objections to the proof of the PSR. The paper finds that Baumgarten possesses reasonable responses to all these objections. While the paper notes that in the absence of a response to Kant’s Critical discussion of the PSR (which is omitted here due to limitations of space), this result does not vindicate the principle, it shows how this discussion provides a deeper understanding of what, according to Baumgarten, the PSR really assumes and intends, and prepares the way for a more responsible discussion of Kant’s critical objections to Baumgarten’s supposed proof.

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McQuillan, J. Colin. "Baumgarten on Sensible Perfection." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 22, no. 44 (2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica2014224417.

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One of the most important concepts Baumgarten introduces in his Reflections on Poetry is the concept of sensible perfection. It is surprising that Baumgarten does not elaborate upon this concept in his Metaphysics, since it plays such an important role in the new science of aesthetics that he proposes at the end of the Reflections on Poetry and then further develops in the Aesthetics. This article considers the significance of the absence of sensible perfection from the Metaphysics and its implications for Baumgarten’s aesthetics, before tuming to the use Meier and Kant make of Baumgarten’s concept. In the end, this article shows that Baumgarten did not abandon his conception of sensible perfection in the Metaphysics, though its influence declined significantly after Kant rejected the idea that sensibility and the understanding could be distinguished by the perfections of their cognition.

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Thorsen, Bengerd Juul. "Baumgarten’s Meditationes as a Commentary on Horace’s Ars Poetica." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 22, no. 44 (2014): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica2014224415.

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In his first work, the poetics Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus. Baumgarten frequently cites Horace’s Ars Poetica. Horace was highly esteemed by Baumgarten and his contemporaries, especially in the fields of poetics and art theory. Baumgarten uses Ars Poetica throughout Meditationes. but it is especially in the paragraphs introducing some of the key concepts of his philosophy that there is a significant amount of excerpts from Horace’s poetics. In this article, I examine if and how contemporary scholarly interpretations may have influenced these uses of Horace’s text and maybe even Baumgarten’s theory. Following a brief account of relevant commentaries as well as Horace’s position in contemporary art theory, I explore the implied interpretations of Ars Poetica in Baumgarten’s excerpts, focusing on his three key terms, phantasia. heterocosmica and methodum lucidam. Compared to the conception of Horace as expressed in the commentaries, this study suggests a complex interaction between those and Baumgarten’s art theory.

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Nannini, Alessandro. "The Six Faces of Beauty. Baumgarten on the Perfections of Knowledge in the Context of the German Enlightenment." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 102, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 477–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agph-2017-0034.

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AbstractIn this essay, I investigate Baumgarten’s doctrine of the six perfections of knowledge (wealth, magnitude, truth, clarity, certainty, and life), which is famously one of the most characteristic and enigmatic features of his philosophy. Recent scholarship has almost unanimously stressed the rhetorical background of the categories. Instead, I argue that Baumgarten elaborates his theory in close relationship with coeval philosophy. To support this claim, I examine the position of some Thomasian philosophers, such as Johann Liborius Zimmermann, who had indicated a list of criteria similar to that of Baumgarten. Moreover, I analyse the distinction between formal and material perfections, tracing it back to the Wolffian milieu. On these bases, I propose a new reconstruction of Baumgarten’s doctrine, with particular attention to its aesthetic application. Finally, I outline the reception of the six categories in the late German Enlightenment until Kant.

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Funch, Bjarne Sode. "Emotions in the Psychology of Aesthetics." Arts 11, no. 4 (August 9, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts11040076.

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Ever since Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762) introduced the concept of aesthetics, the prevailing idea has been that the fine arts provide an alternative source of knowledge to the traditional sciences. Art, however, has always been closely associated with emotions. Taking Baumgarten’s treatise on poetry as a point of departure, I argue that Baumgarten laid the ground for a conception of art that emphasizes emotion rather than cognition with a particular appeal to psychology to provide principles of aesthetic appreciation of art. This appeal is met here with a phenomenological discussion of a series of precepts within contemporary emotion theories, which provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for a psychological theory of aesthetic appreciation of art.

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Haferkamp, Leyla. "Analogon Rationis: Baumgarten, Deleuze and the ‘Becoming Girl’ of Philosophy." Deleuze Studies 4, no. 1 (March 2010): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750224110000814.

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Baumgarten's Enlightenment Aesthetica provides an important philosophical analogon to Deleuze's alignment of the ‘logic of sense’ and the ‘logic of sensation’. By linking serious reason with its ‘other’, frivolous feeling, the book greatly influenced Herder and the Romantic movement. Baumgarten called aesthetics ‘logic's younger sister’. Like Deleuze he propagates nothing less than the ‘becoming-girl’ of philosophy.

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Spree, A. "Cassirers Baumgarten." Monatshefte XCV, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/m.xcv.3.410.

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Bencard, Adam. "Why Looking at Objects Matters." Museum Worlds 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2018.060105.

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Within museum studies, there has been a recent interest in engaging with objects and their material effects as something other than vehicles for human cultural meaning. This article contributes to this interest by offering a philosophical argument for the value of close sensory engagement with physical things, an argument found in the works of the eighteenth-century German philosopher Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762), who is famous for fathering the modern philosophical discourse on aesthetics. Baumgarten outlines what he terms sensate thinking, defined as an analogue to rational thinking, and insists that this form of thinking can be analyzed and sharpened according to its own rules. I discuss how Baumgarten’s aesthetics might be useful for how the curator approaches objects in exhibitions and for understanding how visitors’ sensory engagement with the objects can be important beyond the deciphering of historical narratives and conceptual meanings.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Baumgarten"

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Kannengießer, Nils Timotheus [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Baumgarten, and Sejun [Gutachter] Song. "Improving Copy Protection for Mobile Apps / Nils Timotheus Kannengießer ; Gutachter: Sejun Song, Uwe Baumgarten ; Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125018267/34.

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Pramsohler, Thomas [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Baumgarten, and Johann [Gutachter] Schlichter. "Modellbasierte Adaptierung von Softwarekomponenten am Beispiel Automotive Infotainment / Thomas Pramsohler. Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten. Gutachter: Johann Schlichter ; Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1103658549/34.

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Haberl, Wolfgang [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgarten, and Johann [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlichter. "Code Generation and System Integration of Distributed Automotive Applications / Wolfgang Haberl. Gutachter: Uwe Baumgarten ; Johann Schlichter. Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014412625/34.

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Herb, Teresina [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Baumgarten, and Fritz [Gutachter] Busch. "Method to develop an overall architecture for Cooperative ITS / Teresina Herb ; Gutachter: Fritz Busch, Uwe Baumgarten ; Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1145141323/34.

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Ramírez, Alejandro [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgarten, and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraemer. "Time-of-flight in Wireless Networks as Information Source for Positioning / Alejandro Ramírez. Gutachter: Ralf Kraemer ; Uwe Baumgarten. Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1056937106/34.

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Barthels, Andreas [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgarten, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Herkersdorf. "Energy-aware Computing in Embedded Systems and its Operating System Support / Andreas Barthels. Gutachter: Andreas Herkersdorf ; Uwe Baumgarten. Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060482517/34.

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Daub, Edelgard. "Franziska Baumgarten : eine Frau zwischen akademischer und praktischer Psychologie /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; New York : P. Lang, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369716828.

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Stamm, von Baumgarten Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Zur statistischen Bedienermodellierung mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen / Thorsten Stamm von Baumgarten." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066196435/34.

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Söllner, Wolfgang Christoph Hermann [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgarten, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Diepold. "Konzeption eines universellen Kommunikationsprotokolls zur Realisierung von Anwendungen im Smart Home / Wolfgang Christoph Hermann Söllner. Gutachter: Uwe Baumgarten ; Klaus Diepold. Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060482428/34.

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Krefft, Daniel [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgarten, Andreas [Gutachter] Herkersdorf, and Uwe [Gutachter] Baumgarten. "Flexible Verwaltung von Tasks zur Selbst-Adaption von gemischtkritischen Systemen anhand eines automotiven Beispiels / Daniel Krefft ; Gutachter: Andreas Herkersdorf, Uwe Baumgarten ; Betreuer: Uwe Baumgarten." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180602145/34.

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Books on the topic "Baumgarten"

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Tedesco, Salvatore. L'estetica di Baumgarten. Palermo: Centro internazionale studi di estetica, 2000.

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Tedesco, Salvatore. L' estetica di Baumgarten. [Palermo]: Centro internazionale studi di estetica, 2000.

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Tedesco, Salvatore. L' estetica di Baumgarten. Palermo: Centro internazionale studi di estetica, 2000.

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Baumgarten, Bodo. Bodo Baumgarten: [virtuelle Werkstatt]. Nürnberg: Verlag für Moderne Kunst, 2000.

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Eberhard, Poppe, and Weichelt Wolfgang, eds. Arthur Baumgarten zum 100. Geburtstag. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1985.

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Baumgarten, Bodo. Bodo Baumgarten: Venus und Vulkanus. Saarbrücken: Saarland Museum, 1992.

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Ali Kurt Baumgarten: Kunst-Roulett. Stadtroda: Und, 2009.

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1884-1966, Baumgarten Arthur, and Weichelt Wolfgang, eds. Arthur Baumgarten zum 100. Geburtstag. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1985.

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9

Basch, Lóránt. A Baumgarten Alapítváy történetéből: Tanulmányok, cikkek. Budapest: Argumentum, 2004.

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author, Menke Christoph 1958, and Haverkamp Anselm author, eds. Baumgarten-Studien: Zur Genealogie der Ästhetik. Berlin: August Verlag, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Baumgarten"

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Schuhmann, Karl. "Eduard Baumgarten." In Edmund Husserl: Briefwechsel, 2259–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0745-7_164.

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Küsters, Urban. "Garten, Baumgarten." In Literarische Orte in deutschsprachigen Erzählungen des Mittelalters, edited by Tilo Renz, Monika Hanauska, and Mathias Herweg, 163–78. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050093918-010.

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Weber, Walter. "Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb." In Metzler Philosophen Lexikon, 93–95. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03642-1_35.

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Prinz, Katharina. "Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_9468-1.

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Henschen, Hans-Horst. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten." In Kindler Kompakt Philosophie 18. Jahrhundert, 105–7. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05540-8_19.

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Henschen, Hans-Horst, and KLL. "Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb: Aesthetica." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_9469-1.

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Kamp, Johannes-Martin. "Siegfried Bernfeld im Kinderheim Baumgarten." In Kinderrepubliken, 451–66. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10478-0_19.

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Niggli, Ursula. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten in neuer Sicht." In Aufklärung in Europa, 295–304. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412330941.295.

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Olesti, Josep, and Jörg Zimmer. "Aufklärung: Christian Wolff und Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten." In Handbuch Ontologie, 81–88. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04638-3_10.

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Haverkamp, Anselm. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten als Provokation der Literaturgeschichte." In Abhandlungen zur Literaturwissenschaft, 259–71. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04684-0_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Baumgarten"

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Pan, Zhenkuan, and Weijia Zhao. "The Automatic Stabilization Algorithm for Euler-Lagrange Equations With Holonomic/Nonholonomic Constraints in Multibody System Dynamics." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21362.

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Abstract A new automatic constraint violation stabilization algorithm for numerical integration of Euler-Lagrange equations of motion of multibody system dynamics based on Baumgarte constraint violation stabilization method and Taylor expansion of constraint functions is presented. The constraint equations may be holonomic or nonholonomic. The parameters α, β, σ used in Baumgarte’s method are determined automatically according to integration step. Some numerical examples compare the accuracy between the traditional method and the one suggested in this paper are presented finally.

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Flores, Paulo, Margarida Machado, Eurico Seabra, and Miguel Tavares da Silva. "A Parametric Study on the Baumgarte Stabilization Method for Forward Dynamics of Constrained Multibody Systems." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86362.

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This paper presents and discusses the results obtained from a parametric study on the Baumgarte stabilization method for forward dynamics of constrained multibody systems. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of the variables that affect the violation of constraints, chiefly the values of the Baumgarte parameters, the integration method, the time step and the quality of the initial conditions for the positions. In the sequel of this process the formulation of the rigid multibody systems is reviewed. The generalized Cartesian coordinates are selected as the variables to describe the bodies’ degrees of freedom. The formulation of the equations of motion uses the Newton-Euler approach that is augmented with the constraint equations that lead to a set of differential algebraic equations. Furthermore, the main issues related to the stabilization of the violation of constraints based on the Baumgarte approach are revised. Special attention is also given to some techniques that help in the selection process of the values of the Baumgarte parameters, namely those based on the Taylor’s series and Laplace transform technique. Finally, a slider crank mechanism with eccentricity is considered as an example of application in order to illustrated how the violation of constraints can be affected by different factors such as the Baumgarte parameters, integrator, time step and initial guesses.

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Gros, Sebastien, Marion Zanon, and Moritz Diehl. "Baumgarte stabilisation over the SO(3) rotation group for control." In 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7402298.

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NUNES, DENISE VIANNA, Ivan Silvio de Lima Xavier, Osvaldo Luiz de Carvalho Souza, Gabriel Crepaldi Antunes, and Júlia Américo Gomes de Almeida. "ACERVO BAUMGART - EXPERIÊNCIAS REMOTAS EM 2020." In Anais do 7º Seminário Ibero-americano Arquitetura e Documentação. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/154089.7-8.

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Bortoff, Scott A. "Using Baumgarte's Method for Index Reduction in Modelica." In The 13th International Modelica Conference, Regensburg, Germany, March 4–6, 2019. Linköing University Electronic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp19157333.

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Koganezawa, Koichi, and Kazuomi Kaneko. "A Method for Constraints Stabilization on Solving Multibody Dynamics." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21322.

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Abstract This paper deals with methods for solving the multibody dynamics with constraints. The problem is considered in the framework of solving the Lagrange multipliers in addition to the system coordinates in the differential and algebraic equation (DAE) governing the dynamics with holonomic or non-holonomic constraints. The proposed methods are originally based on Baumgarte’s work for the holonomic constraints but its extensions to the non-holonomic constraints. Conventionally the Lagrange multipliers are solved algebraically and substituted into the dynamic equations (DAE). This paper, on the other hand, proposes a method to derive the ordinary differential equations with respect to the Lagrange multipliers. One can resort the ordinary numerical integration method to solve the Lagrange multipliers as same as to solve the ODE with respect to the system coordinates. Some examples of numerical solution for the mechanical models having holonomic and non-holonomic constraints shows the excellent stability of the constraints, which is superior to the Baumgarte’s stabilizing method and the penalty method.

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Yoshimura, Hiroaki, and Kenji Soya. "On the Geometric Stabilization for Discrete Hamiltonian Systems With Holonomic Constraints." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86354.

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This paper develops a discrete Hamiltonian system with holonomic constraints with Geometric Constraint Stabilization. It is first shown that constrained mechanical systems with nonconservative external forces can be formulated by using canonical symplectic structures in the context of Hamiltonian systems. Second, it is shown that discrete holonomic Hamiltonian systems can be developed via the discretization based on the Backward Differentiation Formula and also that geometric constraint stabilization can be incorporated into the discrete Hamiltonian systems. It is demonstrated that the proposed method enables one to stabilize constraint violations effectively in comparison with conventional methods such as Baumgarte Stabilization and Gear–Gupta–Leimkuhler Stabilization, together with an illustrative example of linkage mechanisms.

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Reungwetwattana, Apiwat, and Shigeki Toyama. "Efficient Dynamic Analysis Method for Multibody Systems With Constraint Violation Stabilization Method." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8255.

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Abstract This paper presents an efficient extension of Rosenthal’s order-n algorithm for multibody systems containing closed loops. Closed topological loops are handled by cut joint technique. Violation of the kinematic constraint equations of cut joints is corrected by Baumgarte’s constraint violation stabilization method. A reliable approach for selecting the parameters used in the constraint stabilization method is proposed. Dynamic analysis of a slider crank mechanism is carried out to demonstrate efficiency of the proposed method.

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Bae, D. S., and Y. S. Won. "A Hamiltonian Equation of Motion for Realtime Vehicle Simulation." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0062.

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Abstract A relative coordinate formulation of the Hamiltonian equation of motion is derived for realtime vehicle simulation. The Baumgarte stabilization method [1] is adopted to solve the Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) of motion. The stability theory of multi-step integration methods is used to determine the stabilization constant. The equations of motion are first derived in Cartesian space and are reduced to relative coordinate space using the velocity transformation method [2]. Partial derivative of the kinetic energy with respect to the relative coordinate is obtained from equivalence of the Lagrangian and the Newton-Euler formulations. Parallel processing of the formulation is also discussed. Realtime simulation of a passenger vehicle is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the new formulation.

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Yoshimura, Hiroaki. "A Geometric Approach to Constraint Stabilization for Holonomic Lagrangian Systems." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35429.

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In this paper, we develop a geometric approach to constraint stabilization for holonomic mechanical systems in the context of Lagrangian formulation. We first show that holonomic mechanical systems, for the case in which a given Lagrangian is hyperregular, can be formulated by using the Lagrangian two-form, namely, a symplectic structure on the tangent bundle of a configuration manifold that is induced from the cotangent bundle via the Legendre transformation. Then, we present an idea of geometric constraint stabilization and we show that a holonomic Lagrangian system with geometric constraint stabilization can be formulated by the Lagrange-d’Alembert principle, together with its local coordinate expression for the sake of numerical computations. Finally, we illustrate the numerical verification that the proposed method enables to stabilize constraint violations effectively in comparison with the Baumgarte and Gear–Gupta–Leimkuhler methods together with an example of a linkage mechanism.

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