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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bayesian meta-analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Fair, Shannon Marie. "A Bayesian Meta-Analysis Using the Gibbs Sampler." UNF Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/87.

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A meta-analysis is the combination of results from several similar studies, conducted by different scientists, in order to arrive at a single, overall conclusion. Unlike common experimental procedures, the data used in a meta-analysis happen to be the descriptive statistics from the distinct individual studies. In this thesis, we will consider two regression studies performed by two scientists. These studies have one common dependent variable, Y, and one or more independent common variables, X. A regression of Y on X with other independent variables is carried out on both studies. We will esti

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2

Brody-Moore, Peter. "Bayesian Hierarchical Meta-Analysis of Asymptomatic Ebola Seroprevalence." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2228.

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The continued study of asymptomatic Ebolavirus infection is necessary to develop a more complete understanding of Ebola transmission dynamics. This paper conducts a meta-analysis of eight studies that measure seroprevalence (the number of subjects that test positive for anti-Ebolavirus antibodies in their blood) in subjects with household exposure or known case-contact with Ebola, but that have shown no symptoms. In our two random effects Bayesian hierarchical models, we find estimated seroprevalences of 8.76% and 9.72%, significantly higher than the 3.3% found by a previous meta-analysis of t

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3

Ulrich, Michael David. "Meta-Analysis Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models in Organizational Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2349.

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Meta-analysis is a tool used to combine the results from multiple studies into one comprehensive analysis. First developed in the 1970s, meta-analysis is a major statistical method in academic, medical, business, and industrial research. There are three traditional ways in which a meta-analysis is conducted: ﬁxed or random eﬀects, and using an empirical Bayesian approach. Derivations for conducting meta-analysis on correlations in the industrial psychology and organizational behavior (OB) discipline were reviewed by Hunter and Schmidt (2004). In this approach, Hunter and Schmidt propose an emp

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4

Minte-Vera, Carolina V. "Meta-analysis of density-dependent somatic growth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5395.

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5

Smith, Teresa Clare. "Interpreting evidence from multiple randomised and non-randomised studies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319357.

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6

Li, Xiaosong. "Testing on the Common Mean of Normal Distributions Using Bayesian Method." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1301420382.

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7

Magosi, Lerato Elaine. "Dissecting heterogeneity in GWAS meta-analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c853f7e7-93de-440c-b57c-fcfc03d3bb86.

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Statistical heterogeneity refers to differences among results of studies combined in a meta-analysis beyond that expected by chance. On the one hand, excessive heterogeneity can diminish power to discover genetic signals; on the other, moderate heterogeneity can reveal important biological differences among studies. Given its double-edged nature, this thesis dissects heterogeneity in genetic association meta-analyses from three vantage points. First, a novel multi-variant statistic, M is proposed to detect genome-wide (systematic) heterogeneity patterns in genetic association meta-analyses. Th

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8

Mazin, Suleimy Cristina. "Métodos bayesianos em metanálise: especificação da distribuição a priori para a variabilidade entre os estudos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-11122009-104426/.

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MAZIN, S. C.Metodos Bayesianos em Metanalise: Especicac~ao da Distribuic~ao a Priori para a Variabilidade entre os Estudos. 2009. 175f. Dissertac~ao (mestrado) - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir~ao Preto, Universidade de S~ao Paulo, Ribeir~ao Preto, 2009. Prossionais da saude, pesquisadores e outros responsaveis por polticas de saude s~ao frequentemente inundados com quantidades de informac~oes nem sempre manejaveis, o que torna a revis~ao sistematica uma maneira eciente de integrar o conhecimento existente gerando dados que auxiliem a tomada de decis~ao. Em uma revis~ao sistematica os dados do

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9

Warn, David Edward. "Applications and extensions of Bayesian hierarchical models for meta-analysis of binary outcome data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620461.

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10

Siangphoe, Umaporn. "META-ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION STUDIES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4040.

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Combining effect sizes from individual studies using random-effects models are commonly applied in high-dimensional gene expression data. However, unknown study heterogeneity can arise from inconsistency of sample qualities and experimental conditions. High heterogeneity of effect sizes can reduce statistical power of the models. We proposed two new methods for random effects estimation and measurements for model variation and strength of the study heterogeneity. We then developed a statistical technique to test for significance of random effects and identify heterogeneous genes. We also propo

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11

Boedeker, Peter. "Comparison of Heterogeneity and Heterogeneity Interval Estimators in Random-Effects Meta-Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157553/.

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Meta-analyses are conducted to synthesize the quantitative results of related studies. The random-effects meta-analysis model is based on the assumption that a distribution of true effects exists in the population. This distribution is often assumed to be normal with a mean and variance. The population variance, also called heterogeneity, can be estimated numerous ways. Accurate estimation of heterogeneity is necessary as a description of the distribution and for determining weights applied in the estimation of the summary effect when using inverse-variance weighting. To evaluate a wide range

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12

Pissini, Carla Fernanda. "Aplicações em meta-análise sob um enfoque bayesiano usando dados médicos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4593.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:06:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCFP.pdf: 956101 bytes, checksum: e21a11e1dc4754a5751b0b0840943082 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-21<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>In this work, we consider the use of Meta-analysis with a Bayesian approach. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that combines the results of di¤erent independent studies with purpose to find general conclusions. This term was introduced by Glass (1976) and it has been used when the number of studies about some research project is small. Usually, the models for Met

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13

Ross, Daniel, Daniel Malone, and Lorenzo A. Villa. "Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban, a New Oral Anticoagulant, using Bayesian Meta-Analysis." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614296.

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Class of 2013 Abstract<br>Specific Aims:  To determine the efficacy of apixaban when compared to LMWH (enoxaparin) when used as thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and medically ill patients  To determine the safety of apixaban when compared to LMWH (enoxaparin) when used as thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and medically ill patients Methods: A systematic search of the literature for randomized controlled trials of apixaban thromboprophylaxis therap

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14

Odani, Motoi. "A Bayesian meta-analytic approach for safety signal detection in randomized clinical trials." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225514.

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15

Wang, Zeyu. "Reliability Analysis and Updating with Meta-models: An Adaptive Kriging-Based Approach." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574789534726544.

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16

Jahan, Farzana. "New insights into Bayesian models for spatial data." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212622/1/Farzana%20Jahan%20Thesis.pdf.

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Spatial data is often aggregated into small area. It is challenging to analyse these data. Two new statistical techniques were developed to tackle these challenges. Bayesian meta-analysis models were used to unveil geographic disparities in cancer using the Australian Cancer Atlas. More flexible Bayesian Empirical Likelihood models were used to analyse more complex data including COVID19 deaths. Both methods provided new insights into the analysis of spatial data.

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17

Martins, Camila Bertini. "Metanálise caso a caso sob a perspectiva bayesiana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-10122013-190238/.

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O papel da metanálise de sumarizar estudos publicados de mesmo objetivo, por meio da estatística, torna-se cada dia mais fundamental em razão do avanço da ciência e do desejo de usar o menor número de seres humanos em ensaios clínicos, desnecessários, em vários casos. A síntese das informações disponíveis facilita o entendimento e possibilita conclusões robustas. O aumento de estudos clínicos, por exemplo, promove um crescimento da necessidade de metanálises, fazendo com que seja necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas sofisticadas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor uma metodol

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18

Jeon, Seonghye. "Bayesian data mining techniques in public health and biomedical applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43712.

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The emerging research issues in evidence-based healthcare decision-making and explosion of comparative effectiveness research (CER) are evident proof of the effort to thoroughly incorporate the rich data currently available within the system. The flexibility of Bayesian data mining techniques lends its strength to handle the challenging issues in the biomedical and health care domains. My research focuses primarily on Bayesian data mining techniques for non-traditional data in this domain, which includes, 1. Missing data: Matched-pair studies with fixed marginal totals with application to met

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19

Philibert, Aurore. "Méthodes de méta-analyse pour l’estimation des émissions de N2O par les sols agricoles." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0072/document.

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Le terme de méta-analyse désigne l'analyse statique d'un large ensemble de résultats provenant d'études individuelles pour un même sujet donné. Cette approche est de plus en plus étudiée dans différents domaines, notamment en agronomie. Dans cette discipline, une revue bibliographique réalisée dans le cadre de la thèse a cependant montré que les méta-analyses n'étaient pas toujours de bonne qualité. Les méta-analyses effectuées en agronomie étudient ainsi très rarement la robustesse de leurs conclusions aux données utilisées et aux méthodes statistiques. L'objectif de cette thèse est de démont

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20

Kunkle, Brian W. "The Potential Role of Environmental Exposures and Genomic Signaling in Development of Central Nervous System Tumors." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/524.

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The etiology of central nervous system tumors (CNSTs) is mainly unknown. Aside from extremely rare genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis, the only unequivocally identified risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation, and this explains only a very small fraction of cases. Using meta-analysis, gene networking and bioinformatics methods, this dissertation explored the hypothesis that environmental exposures produce genetic and epigenetic alterations that may be involved in the etiology of CNSTs. A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of pesticides and pediatri

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21

Burgess, Stephen. "Statistical issues in Mendelian randomization : use of genetic instrumental variables for assessing causal associations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242184.

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Mendelian randomization is an epidemiological method for using genetic variationto estimate the causal effect of the change in a modifiable phenotype onan outcome from observational data. A genetic variant satisfying the assumptionsof an instrumental variable for the phenotype of interest can be usedto divide a population into subgroups which differ systematically only in thephenotype. This gives a causal estimate which is asymptotically free of biasfrom confounding and reverse causation. However, the variance of the causalestimate is large compared to traditional regression methods, requiring

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22

Fang, Youjia. "Modeling Driving Risk Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65151.

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Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Traffic safety research targets at understanding the cause of crash, preventing the crash, and mitigating crash severity. This dissertation focuses on the driver-related traffic safety issues, in particular, on developing and implementing contemporary statistical modeling techniques on driving risk research on Naturalistic Driving Study data. The dissertation includes 5 chapters. In Chapter 1, I introduced the backgrounds of traffic safety research and naturalistic driving study. In Chapter 2, the state-of-pract

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23

Park, Joonsuk. "Using Sequential Sampling Models to Detect Selective Infuences: Pitfalls and Recommendations." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157470864789277.

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24

Magidin, de Kramer Raquel. "Evaluation of Cross-Survey Research Methods for the Estimation of Low-Incidence Populations." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107241.

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Thesis advisor: Henry Braun<br>This study evaluates the accuracy, precision, and stability of three different methods of cross-survey analysis in order to determine their suitability for estimating the proportions of low-incidence populations. Population parameters of size and demographic distribution are necessary for planning and policy development. The estimation of these parameters for low-incidence populations poses a number of methodological challenges. Cross-survey analysis methodologies offer an alternative to generate useful, low-incidence population estimates not readily available in

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25

Jreich, Rana. "Distribution verticale du carbone dans les sols - Analyse bayésienne des profils des teneurs en carbone et de C14." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV060/document.

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Le réchauffement climatique est un problème majeur pour le monde scientifique et les sociétés. La concentration de dioxyde de carbone a augmenté de 45% depuis la période préindustrielle (Harris, 2010), conséquence des activités humaines déséquilibrant le cycle du carbone mondial. Cela se traduit par un réchauffement de la planète avec des impacts dramatiques sur la terre et encore plus pour les populations fragiles.Parmi les solutions d'atténuation, une meilleure utilisation du sol est proposée. En effet, les sols ont la plus grande capacité d'échange de carbone avec l'atmosphère et renferment

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Salimi-Khorshidi, Gholamreza. "Statistical models for neuroimaging meta-analytic inference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:40a10327-7f36-42e7-8120-ae04bd8be1d4.

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A statistical meta-analysis combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses, thus increasing the power and reliability of the inference. Meta-analytic methods are over 50 years old and play an important role in science; pooling evidence from many trials to provide answers that any one trial would have insufficient samples to address. On the other hand, the number of neuroimaging studies is growing dramatically, with many of these publications containing conflicting results, or being based on only a small number of subjects. Hence there has been increas

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Darney, Keyvin. "Towards next generation risk assessment of chemicals : bayesian meta-analysis of human variability in metabolism and transporters and application for the derivation of pathway-related uncertainty factors Aggregate exposure of the adult French population to pyrethroids, in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 351, July 2018 Inter-ethnic differences in CYP3A4 metabolism: A Bayesian meta-analysis for the refinement of uncertainty factors in chemical risk assessment, in Computational Toxicology 12, November 2019 Bayesian meta-analysis of inter-phenotypic differences in human serum paraoxonase-1 activity for chemical risk assessment, in Environment International 138, May 2020 Human variability in influx and efflux transporters in relation to uncertainty factors for chemical risk assessment, in Food and Chemical Toxicology 140, June 2020." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0013.

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Dans le monde moderne, les humains sont exposés à une vaste gamme de produits chimiques tout au long de leur vie. L'évaluation des risques des substances chimiques pour l'homme revêt une importance capitale pour la santé publique et permet de calculer des niveaux sûrs d'exposition aiguë et chronique pour des sous-groupes de la population humaine, notamment les nouveau-nés, les enfants, les personnes âgées et les populations d’origine géographique et de polymorphismes génétiques différents. L'application des données cinétiques liées aux voies métaboliques pour tenir compte de la variabilité hum

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Neine, Mohamed El Moctar. "L'approche bayésienne pour l'évaluation médico-économique : Méta-analyse bayésienne en réseaux et la calibration bayésienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5067.

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Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient d'analyser les avantages et les inconvénients de l'approche bayésienne et développer leur utilisation dans le contexte de l'évaluation médico-économique. Deux projets ont été développés en utilisant l'approche bayésienne. Le premier projet était une revue systématique de la littérature et méta-analyse en réseaux pour estimer l'efficacité et la tolérance mirabegron 50 mg par rapport aux autres traitements anti-muscarinique dans la gestion de l’hyperactivité vésicale. Une revue de littératures a permis d’identifier les données puis des modèles à effet fixes et e

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29

Hamilton, Erin Kinzel. "Multiscale and meta-analytic approaches to inference in clinical healthcare data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47600.

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The field of medicine is regularly faced with the challenge of utilizing information that is complicated or difficult to characterize. Physicians often must use their best judgment in reaching decisions or recommendations for treatment in the clinical setting. The goal of this thesis is to use innovative statistical tools in tackling three specific challenges of this nature from current healthcare applications. The first aim focuses on developing a novel approach to meta-analysis when combining binary data from multiple studies of paired design, particularly in cases of high heterogeneity bet

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Haynes, Michele Ann. "Flexible distributions and statistical models in ranking and selection procedures with applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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31

Zheng, Lingling. "Bayesian meta-analysis models for heterogeneous genomics data." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8209.

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<p>The accumulation of high-throughput data from vast sources has drawn a lot attentions to develop methods for extracting meaningful information out of the massive data. More interesting questions arise from how to combine the disparate information, which goes beyond modeling sparsity and dimension reduction. This dissertation focuses on the innovations in the area of heterogeneous data integration.</p><p>Chapter 1 contextualizes this dissertation by introducing different aspects of meta-analysis and model frameworks for high-dimensional genomic data.</p><p>Chapter 2 introduces a novel techni

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32

Fellenberg-Giri, Janet von. "Bayesian hierarchical models for meta-analysis of clinical trials /." 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007464141&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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You, Zong-Yue, and 游宗軏. "A Comparison of Bayesian Models for Network Meta-analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39757901957854358243.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>流行病學與預防醫學研究所<br>102<br>Background Since the emergence of evidence-based medicine movement, effective evidence synthesis becomes important for decision making for clinical researchers and policy makers. Meta-analysis of results from clinical trials is therefore an indispensable research tool for research synthesis. While traditional meta-analysis compares two treatment groups, network meta-analysis can compare more than two treatments within one statistical framework. The current Bayesian hierarchical model for network meta-analysis was first proposed by Lu and Ades with the use

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Maranzano, Coire Joseph. "Bayesian meta-Gaussian models for data analysis and probabilistic forecasting /." 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3225906.

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Xing, Yan Cormier Janice N. Swint John Michael. "Bayesian generalized linear models for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.www5.sph.uth.tmc.edu:2048/pqdweb?did=1490074911&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=92&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0769. Advisers: Claudia Pedroza; Asha S. Kapadia. Includes bibliographical references.

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Junaidi, S. Si. "Meta-analysis adjusting for heterogeneity, dependence and non-normality: a Bayesian parametric approach." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1296543.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Independence and dependence between studies in meta-analysis are assumptions which are imposed on the structure of hierarchical Bayesian meta-analytic models. Whilst independence assumes that two or more studies have no correlation in meta-analysis, dependence can occur as a result of study reports using the same data or authors (Stevens & Taylor, 2009). In this thesis, the relaxation of the assumption of independence, and/or of a normal distribution for the true study effects is investigated. A variety of statistical meta-analytic models were

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Fernandes, António de Almeida e. Sousa Cardoso. "Frequency of severe reactions following penicillin drug provocation tests: a Bayesian meta-analysis." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128883.

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Background: Patients with a penicillin allergy label tend to have worse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare use. Drug provocation tests (DPT) are the gold-standard in the diagnostic workup of penicillin allergy, but safety concerns may hinder their performance. Objective: To assess the frequency of severe reactions following a DPT in patients with reported allergy to penicillins or other β-lactams. Methods: We performed a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. We included primary studies assessing participants with a penicillin allergy label who underwent a DPT

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Fernandes, António de Almeida e. Sousa Cardoso. "Frequency of severe reactions following penicillin drug provocation tests: a Bayesian meta-analysis." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128883.

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Background: Patients with a penicillin allergy label tend to have worse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare use. Drug provocation tests (DPT) are the gold-standard in the diagnostic workup of penicillin allergy, but safety concerns may hinder their performance. Objective: To assess the frequency of severe reactions following a DPT in patients with reported allergy to penicillins or other β-lactams. Methods: We performed a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. We included primary studies assessing participants with a penicillin allergy label who underwent a DPT

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Woo, Gloria. "Evolving Paradigms in the Treatment of Hepatitis B." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32961.

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Hepatitis B is a serious global health problem with over 2 billion people infected worldwide and 350 million suffering from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Infection can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 320,000 deaths per year. Numerous treatments are available, but with a growing number of therapies each with considerable trade-offs, the optimal treatment strategy is not transparent. This dissertation investigates the relative efficacy of treatments for CHB and estimates the health related quality of life (HRQOL) and health utilitie

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"Applied Meta-Analysis of Lead-Free Solder Reliability." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26878.

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abstract: This thesis presents a meta-analysis of lead-free solder reliability. The qualitative analyses of the failure modes of lead- free solder under different stress tests including drop test, bend test, thermal test and vibration test are discussed. The main cause of failure of lead- free solder is fatigue crack, and the speed of propagation of the initial crack could differ from different test conditions and different solder materials. A quantitative analysis about the fatigue behavior of SAC lead-free solder under thermal preconditioning process is conducted. This thesis presents a meth

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Posvyanskaya, Alexandra. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388588.

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The impact of inequality on economic growth has become a topic of broad and current interest. Multiple researches investigated the issue but the disparity of opinions and empirical results is huge. The present thesis revises the pri- mary literature through a meta-analytical approach applying Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) estimation technique. We examine 562 estimates collected from 58 studies published between 1991 and 2015. I find the evidence of the publication bias presence in the literature. The authors of primary studies tend to report preferentially negative and significant estimates.

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Gajic-Veljanoski, Olga. "Quantifying Uncertainty in the Efficacy of Vitamin K on Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: Economic Evaluation, Evidence Synthesis and Bayesian Meta-analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43583.

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Vitamin K has a negligible effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and a large but uncertain effect on fractures. The three studies in the thesis explored uncertainty about the effect of vitamin K on fractures using the methods of economic evaluation and Bayesian meta-analysis. In study 1, a Markov probabilistic microsimulation model was developed for a hypothetical cohort of 50-year-old postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. This was a fracture incidence-based model, populated with data from the literature. It was used to examine the cost-effectiveness of two supplementation strategies o

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Palecek, Rodríguez Miroslava María. "Migrace a rozvoj: Meta-analýza." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435142.

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The current literature on international migration is diverse, and there is an ongoing debate as to the size and magnitude of the development-migration nexus, and no consensus about this effect has been reached. In this thesis, I explore quantitatively the effect of GDP (as a measure of development) on migration using a meta-analysis approach by synthesizing the empirical findings on this effect, adjusting for the biases, and controlling for the design of the studies. To examine the phenomenon in a systematic way, I collected 179 regression coefficients from 40 different articles, where the res

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Dhavala, Soma Sekhar. "Bayesian Semiparametric Models for Heterogeneous Cross-platform Differential Gene Expression." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8659.

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We are concerned with testing for differential expression and consider three different aspects of such testing procedures. First, we develop an exact ANOVA type model for discrete gene expression data, produced by technologies such as a Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS), Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) or other next generation sequencing technologies. We adopt two Bayesian hierarchical models—one parametric and the other semiparametric with a Dirichlet process prior that has the ability to borrow strength across related signatures, where a signature is a specific arrange

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Günhan, Burak Kürsad. "Bayesian methods for borrowing information in clinical drug development." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-151F-2.

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Kamenická, Lucie. "Ekonomická nerovnost a percepce štěstí: Meta-analýza." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447202.

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The relationship between income inequality and happiness is central to a host of welfare policies. If higher income inequality puts people down, advocating for income redistribution from the rich to the poor could make society happier. We show, however, that this popular consensus on the relationship's direction is rather absent in the academic literature. Based on the 868 observations col- lected from 53 studies and controlling for 62 aspects of study design, we use state-of-the-art meta-analysis techniques to identify several important drivers of the efect. Unless each study gets the same we

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Vlach, Tomáš. "Důchodová elasticita poptávky po vodě: Meta-analýza." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343416.

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If policymakers address water scarcity with the demand-oriented approach, the income elasticity of water demand is of pivotal importance. Its estimates, however, differ considerably. We collect 307 estimates of the income elasticity of water demand reported in 62 studies, codify 31 variables describing the estimation design, and employ Bayesian model averaging to address model uncertainty inherent to any meta-analysis. The studies were published between 1972 and 2015, which means that this meta-analysis covers a longer period of time than two previous meta-analyses on this topic combined. Our

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Sandhu, Lakhbir. "An Empirical Study of Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials and Non-randomized Studies of Surgical Interventions." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65452.

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Objectives: The aim of this dissertation was to examine bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) in surgery using the literature evaluating laparoscopy and conventional (i.e. open) surgery for the treatment of colon cancer as a case study. The objectives were 1) to develop a conceptual framework for bias in comparative NRS; 2) to compare effect estimates from NRS with those from RCTs at low risk of bias; 3) to explore the impact of NRS-design attributes on estimates of treatment effect. Methods: The methods included a modified framework synthesis, systematic

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Powell, Ryan. "A novel approach to support evidence-based medicine: should sulfonylureas remain an acceptable therapy for diabetes?" Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23373.

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A key element in evidence-based medicine approaches is the ability for clinicians to evaluate the scientific rigor and relevance of research evidence. In the treatment of diabetes, clinicians make increasingly difficult decisions about which drug regimens are best for their patients with limited evidence-based information. While the consensus is that metformin should be the initial drug treatment when diet and exercise are not sufficient, clinicians disagree on whether sulfonylureas should remain a suitable therapy after metformin. While this would be improved with further research inve

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Kroupová, Kateřina. "Vliv zaměstnání studenta na akademické výsledky: meta-analýza." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437993.

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Despite the extensive body of empirical research, the discussion on whether student employment impedes or improves educational outcomes has not been resolved. Using meta-analytic methods, we conduct a quantitative review of 861 effect estimates collected from 69 studies describing the relationship between student work experience and academic performance. After outlining the theo- retical mechanisms and methodological challenges of estimating the effect, we test whether publication bias permeates the literature concerning educational implications of student employment. We find that researchers

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