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Journal articles on the topic 'BB-BC'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Tan, Tianyi, Min Hu, Zhuofei Du, et al. "Measurement report: Strong light absorption induced by aged biomass burning black carbon over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in pre-monsoon season." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 11 (2021): 8499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8499-2021.

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Abstract. During the pre-monsoon season, biomass burning (BB) activities are intensive in southern Asia. Facilitated by westerly circulation, those BB plumes can be transported to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Black carbon (BC), the main aerosol species in BB emissions, is an important climate warming agent, and its absorbing property strongly depends on its size distribution and mixing state. To elucidate the influence of those transported BB plumes on the TP, a field campaign was conducted on the southeast edge of the TP during the pre-monsoon season. It was found that the transported BB plumes

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Chen, Zhou, Dan Hong, Siting Li, and Yingmin Jia. "Novel Property Cytotoxicity and Mechanism of Food Preservative Brevilaterins against Human Gastric Cancer Cells." Foods 12, no. 8 (2023): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081732.

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Brevilaterins, antimicrobial peptides produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus, are regarded as excellent food preservatives and are popular as antimicrobial applications. Recent research has uncovered their potent cytotoxic effects against diverse cancer cells, thereby underscoring the pressing need for more extensive and intensive investigations into this use. In this study, we explored their novel function in inducing cytotoxicity to cancer cells and systematically investigated the mechanism of action of Brevilaterin B/C (BB/BC) in vivo. Proliferation, membrane permeability, and apoptotic rat

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Shih, Chun-Kuang, Jui-Hung Chang, Shwu-Huey Yang, Tsui-Wei Chou та Hsing-Hsien Cheng. "β-Carotene and canthaxanthin alter the pro-oxidation and antioxidation balance in rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet". British Journal of Nutrition 99, № 1 (2007): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507781497.

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This study investigated the effects of β-carotene and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet. Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Negative control group (group NC) received a high-fat (150 g/kg) diet; cholesterol control group (group CC) received a high-cholesterol (10 g/kg), high-fat diet. The other four groups were fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet supplemented with crystal β-carotene (group BC), β-carotene beadlet (group BB), canthaxanthin beadlet (group CX) or α-tocopherol (group AT). Blood and livers

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4

Reardon, Jesse, Steven S. Sizemore, and Gina M. Sizemore. "Abstract P3-06-18: Novel regulators of PDGF-BB secretion in breast cancer." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P3–06–18—P3–06–18. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p3-06-18.

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Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) is necessary for normal cell growth and development, with major roles in angiogenesis, differentiation, and migration. PDGFB is the preferred ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRß) and is a known oncogene that our lab has reported to mediate breast cancer (BC) primary tumor growth and metastatic spread to the brain. As the mortality rate of metastatic BC patients, especially those with BC-associated brain metastasis, is extremely high, our current research focuses on identifying and targeti

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5

Zhang, R., H. Wang, D. A. Hegg, et al. "Quantifying sources of black carbon in Western North America using observationally based analysis and an emission tagging technique in the Community Atmosphere Model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 9 (2015): 12957–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12957-2015.

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Abstract. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5), equipped with a technique to tag black carbon (BC) emissions by source regions and types, has been employed to establish source-receptor relationships for atmospheric BC and its deposition to snow over Western North America. The CAM5 simulation was conducted with meteorological fields constrained by reanalysis for year 2013 when measurements of BC in both near-surface air and snow are available for model evaluation. We find that CAM5 has a significant low bias in predicted mixing ratios of BC in snow but only a small low bias in predicted atmosp

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Zhang, R., H. Wang, D. A. Hegg, et al. "Quantifying sources of black carbon in western North America using observationally based analysis and an emission tagging technique in the Community Atmosphere Model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 22 (2015): 12805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12805-2015.

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Abstract. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5), equipped with a technique to tag black carbon (BC) emissions by source regions and types, has been employed to establish source–receptor relationships for atmospheric BC and its deposition to snow over western North America. The CAM5 simulation was conducted with meteorological fields constrained by reanalysis for year 2013 when measurements of BC in both near-surface air and snow are available for model evaluation. We find that CAM5 has a significant low bias in predicted mixing ratios of BC in snow but only a small low bias in predicted atmosp

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7

Che, Haochi, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Lu Zhang, et al. "Seasonal variations in fire conditions are important drivers in the trend of aerosol optical properties over the south-eastern Atlantic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 13 (2022): 8767–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8767-2022.

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Abstract. From June to October, southern Africa produces one-third of the global biomass burning (BB) emissions by widespread fires. BB aerosols are transported westward over the south-eastern Atlantic with the mid-tropospheric winds, resulting in significant radiative effects. Ascension Island (ASI) is located midway between Africa and South America. From June 2016 to October 2017, a 17-month in situ observation campaign on ASI found a low single-scattering albedo (SSA) as well as a high mass absorption cross-section of black carbon (MACBC), demonstrating the strong absorbing marine boundary

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8

Konovalov, Igor B., Daria A. Lvova, Matthias Beekmann, et al. "Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 20 (2018): 14889–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14889-2018.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emissions from open biomass burning (BB) are known to have a considerable impact on the radiative budget of the atmosphere at both global and regional scales; however, these emissions are poorly constrained in models by atmospheric observations, especially in remote regions. Here, we investigate the feasibility of constraining BC emissions from BB using satellite observations of the aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and the aerosol extinction optical depth (AOD) retrieved from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradi

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9

Almufti, Saman M. "Exploring the Impact of Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm Parameters on Welded Beam Design Problem Resolution." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 12, no. 4 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1903.

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A Metaheuristic Optimization is a group of algorithms that are widely studied and employed in the scientific literature. Typically, metaheuristics algorithms utilize stochastic operators that make each iteration unique, and they frequently contain controlling parameters that have an impact on the convergence process since their impacts are mostly neglected in most optimization literature, making it difficult to draw conclusions. This paper introduced the Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) metaheuristic algorithm to evaluate the performance of a metaheuristic algorithm in relation to its control param

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10

Vohra, Vikas, Shankar Dayal, and Tarun Kumar Bhattacharya. "SSCP typing of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin gene and its association with milk production and constituent traits in Indian riverine buffalo." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, no. 8 (2012): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i8.23018.

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A study was conducted to explore genetic polymorphism in alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin gene and to elucidate the effect of polymorphism on milk production and constituent traits in Indian riverine buffaloes namely, Murrah, Bhadawari, Mehsana and Surti. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was conducted on exon II of alpha-lactalbumin and exon I of beta-lactoglobulin gene. The study on alpha-lactalbumin gene revealed the presence of a number of genotypes namely, AB, AC, BB, BC, BD and BE in Mehsana; AC, BB, BC, BD, BE and CC in Surti; AC, BB, BC, BE and CC in Bhadawari and

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Munzone, Elisabetta, Edoardo Botteri, Nicole Rotmensz, et al. "Prognostic effect of beta blockers (BB) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.1061.

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1061 Background: BB drugs have been used for decades worldwide, typically to treat hypertension and arrhythmias. Despite its therapeutic indication, evidence from recent epidemiological studies suggested that BB intake can improve prognosis of patients (pts) with cancer. With the present study we aimed at assessing whether BB intake is associated with improved prognosis in postmenopausal pts with TNBC, which represents one of the most aggressive cancers. Methods: We retrospectively identified 659 postmenopausal pts operated between 1997 and 2008 at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, fo

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Miciński, J., M. Jastrzębski, and J. Klupczyński. "Yield and composition of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows in particular months of the first lactations as dependent on milk protein polymorphism (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 51, no. 3 (2008): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-216-2008.

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Abstract. The experiment was performed on 121 primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows and 36 primiparous Jersey (JER) cows. The highest decrease in casein yield was noted in JER cows at 7.36 % on day 90 of lactation, 15.95 % on day 150, 26.78 % on day 210, 37.01 % on day 270 and 39.67 % on day 330. In PHF cows this decrease was substantially lower, at 4.98 %, 7.65 %, 8.72 %, 10.50 % and 16.19 % respectively. The casein content of milk from primiparous PHF cows ranged from 2.38 % (LGB – day 60) to 3.09 % (LGB BB – day 330), and it was found to be considerably lower in JER cows, varying

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Veratti, Giorgio, Alessandro Bigi, Michele Stortini, Sergio Teggi, and Grazia Ghermandi. "Measurement report: Source attribution and estimation of black carbon levels in an urban hotspot of the central Po Valley – an integrated approach combining high-resolution dispersion modelling and micro-aethalometers." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 18 (2024): 10475–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10475-2024.

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Abstract. Understanding black carbon (BC) levels and its sources in urban environments is of paramount importance due to the far-reaching health, climate, and air quality implications. While several recent studies have assessed BC concentrations at specific fixed urban locations, there is a notable lack of knowledge in the existing literature on spatially resolved data alongside source estimation methods. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive investigation of BC levels and sources in Modena (Po Valley, Italy), which serves as a representative example of a medium-sized

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14

Almabrok, Abdoalnasir, Mihalis Psarakis, and Anastasios Dounis. "Fast Tuning of the PID Controller in An HVAC System Using the Big Bang–Big Crunch Algorithm and FPGA Technology." Algorithms 11, no. 10 (2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11100146.

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This article presents a novel technique for the fast tuning of the parameters of the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller of a second-order heat, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The HVAC systems vary greatly in size, control functions and the amount of consumed energy. The optimal design and power efficiency of an HVAC system depend on how fast the integrated controller, e.g., PID controller, is adapted in the changes of the environmental conditions. In this paper, to achieve high tuning speed, we rely on a fast convergence evolution algorithm, called Big Bang–Big

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15

Ditas, Jeannine, Nan Ma, Yuxuan Zhang, et al. "Strong impact of wildfires on the abundance and aging of black carbon in the lowermost stratosphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 50 (2018): E11595—E11603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115.

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Wildfires inject large amounts of black carbon (BC) particles into the atmosphere, which can reach the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) and cause strong radiative forcing. During a 14-month period of observations on board a passenger aircraft flying between Europe and North America, we found frequent and widespread biomass burning (BB) plumes, influencing 16 of 160 flight hours in the LMS. The average BC mass concentrations in these plumes (∼140 ng·m−3, standard temperature and pressure) were over 20 times higher than the background concentration (∼6 ng·m−3) with more than 100-fold enhanced peak v

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Marcolin, Giuseppe, Fausto Antonio Panizzolo, Nicola Petrone, et al. "Differences in electromyographic activity of biceps brachii and brachioradialis while performing three variants of curl." PeerJ 6 (July 13, 2018): e5165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5165.

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Background Dumbbell curl (DC) and barbell curl in its two variants, straight (BC) or undulated bar (EZ) are typical exercises to train the elbow flexors. The aim of the study was to verify if the execution of these three variants could induce a selective electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps brachii (BB) and brachioradialis (BR). Methods Twelve participants performed one set of ten repetitions at 65% of their 1-RM for each variant of curl. Pre-gelled electrodes were applied with an inter-electrode distance of 24 mm on BB and BR. An electrical goniometer was synchronously recorded with

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Vance, Arianne, Shilpa Raut, Adeline Grier-Welch, Nima Alamdari, and Mastaneh Sharafi. "Synergistic Effect of a Novel Combination of Pre-, Pro-, and Postbiotics on Microbial Fermentation and Metabolite Production In Vitro." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac069.039.

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Abstract Objectives To test the effect of probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12; PS), a prebiotic (bacteriophage blend; BB), a postbiotic (tributyrin; TB), or a combination of all three (full mix; FM) on microbial fermentation and metabolite production in vitro. Methods Short term colonic incubation was performed under conditions representative of the proximal large intestine, using the fecal microbiota of a single healthy human donor. At the start of the experiment, treatments and a blank control (BC), were added to the reactors. Each r

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Сенина, Роман, та Любовь Калашникова. "ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНА KRTAP1.1 В ПОПУЛЯЦИИ ОВЕЦ КУЙБЫШЕВСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ". Вестник Ошского государственного университета. Сельское хозяйство: агрономия, ветеринария и зоотехния, № 4(5) (29 грудня 2023): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52754/16948696_2023_4_17.

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Качество шерсти определяется структурой шерстного волокна. Гены кератинов играют важную роль в формировании шерстных волокон. В данной работе был проанализирован полиморфизм гена KRTAP1.1 в популяции овец куйбышевской породы (n=30). С помощью метода ПЦР-ПДАФ были выявлены три аллеля (A, B, C). Из шести возможных генотипов было выявлено три (AB, BB, BC). Показано преобладание аллеля B (0,883) над аллелями A (0,033) и C (0,083), а также генотипа BB (0,766) над генотипами AB (0,066) и BC (0,166) в структуре стада.

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Virkkula, Aki. "Modeled source apportionment of black carbon particles coated with a light-scattering shell." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 5 (2021): 3707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3707-2021.

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Abstract. The Aethalometer model has been used widely for estimating the contributions of fossil fuel emissions and biomass burning to equivalent black carbon (eBC). The calculation is based on measured absorption Ångström exponents (αabs). The interpretation of αabs is ambiguous since it is well known that it not only depends on the dominant absorber but also on the size and internal structure of the particles, core size, and shell thickness. In this work the uncertainties of the Aethalometer-model-derived apparent fractions of absorption by eBC from fossil fuel and biomass burning are evalua

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Yamaguchi, Shogo, Keiji Furuuchi, Toshimitsu Uenaka, and Taro Semba. "Abstract P4-10-23: Preclinical anti-tumor activity of BB-1701, a HER2-targeting eribulin conjugated ADC, in HER2-low breast cancer PDx models." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P4–10–23—P4–10–23. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p4-10-23.

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Abstract Background: HER2-low breast cancer (BC) is the diagnosis in approximately 60∼65% of HER2 “negative” breast cancer patients. Recently, the clinical landscape of HER2-low BC has changed with the approval of a HER2 targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd). Suitable drug candidates for next-line therapy in HER2-low BC after T-DXd are in need of investigation. BB-1701 is an ADC consisting of a trastuzumab and eribulin payload. When BB-1701 targets HER2-expressing cancer cells and is internalized, free eribulin is cleaved from the ADC by cathepsin B and causes

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Schmutz, Cornelia, Frank Will, Elisabeth Varga, et al. "In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells." Molecules 28, no. 23 (2023): 7684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237684.

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Anti-oxidant, -inflammatory, and -carcinogenic activities of bioactive plant constituents, such as anthocyanins, have been widely discussed in literature. However, the potential interaction of anthocyanin-rich extracts with routinely used chemotherapeutics is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, anthocyanin-rich polyphenol extracts of blackberry (BB), bilberry (Bil), black currant (BC), elderberry (EB), and their respective main anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside) were investigated concerning thei

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Wu, Huihui, Jonathan W. Taylor, Justin M. Langridge, et al. "Rapid transformation of ambient absorbing aerosols from West African biomass burning." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 12 (2021): 9417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9417-2021.

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Abstract. Seasonal biomass burning (BB) over West Africa is a globally significant source of carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere, which have important climate impacts but are poorly constrained. Here, the evolution of smoke aerosols emitted from flaming-controlled burning of agricultural waste and wooded savannah in the Senegal region was characterized over a timescale of half-day advection from the source during the MOYA-2017 (Methane Observation Yearly Assessment-2017) aircraft campaign. Plumes from such fire types are rich in black carbon (BC) emissions. Concurrent measurements of chem

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Singh, Hakam, and Yugal Kumar. "Cellular Automata Based Model for E-Healthcare Data Analysis." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 10, no. 3 (2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2019070101.

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E-healthcare is warm area of research and a number of algorithms have been applied to classify healthcare data. In the healthcare field, a large amount of clinical data is generated through MRI, CT scans, and other diagnostic tools. Healthcare analytics are used to analyze the clinical data of patient records, disease diagnosis, cost, hospital management, etc. Analytical techniques and data visualization are used to get the real time information. Further, this information can be used for decision making. Also, this information is useful for the better treatment of patients. In this work, an im

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Bardia, Aditya, Ciara Catherine O'Sullivan, Reshma L. Mahtani, et al. "An open-label, multicenter, phase 2 study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BB-1701, a novel antibody drug conjugate (ADC) targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), in previously treated patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) or HER2-low unresectable or metastatic breast cancer (BC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): TPS1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.tps1122.

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TPS1122 Background: Treatment options for patients (pts) with unresectable or metastatic BC have improved with the development of novel targeted therapies including trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), an ADC directed against HER2 with a cytotoxic topoisomerase I inhibitor as a payload. Currently, there are limited treatment options for pts with HER2+ or HER2-low metastatic BC that has progressed on T-DXd. BB-1701 is an ADC consisting of a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 with eribulin (microtubule inhibitor) as a payload that is capable of exerting a bystander effect. A first-in-human dose-findi

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Lin, Chuan-Yao, Wan-Chin Chen, Yi-Yun Chien, et al. "Effects of transport on a biomass burning plume from Indochina during EMeRGe-Asia identified by WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 4 (2023): 2627–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023.

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Abstract. The Indochina biomass burning (BB) season in springtime has a substantial environmental impact on the surrounding areas in Asia. In this study, we evaluated the environmental impact of a major long-range BB transport event on 19 March 2018 (a flight of the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO; https://www.halo-spp.de, last access: 14 February 2023) research aircraft, flight F0319) preceded by a minor event on 17 March 2018 (flight F0317). Aircraft data obtained during the campaign in Asia of the Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on

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Nascimento, Leandro Maciel. "Relação entre o Banco Central do Brasil e o Tesouro Nacional em Perspectiva Jurídica:." Revista da Procuradoria-Geral do Banco Central 17, no. 1 (2023): 126–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.58766/rpgbcb.v17i1.1198.

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O trabalho apresenta, em perspectiva jurídica, um panorama recente do relacionamento entre autoridades fiscais e monetárias no Brasil. Inicia-se com a criação do Banco Central do Brasil (BC), em 1964, e a confusão de atribuições com o Banco do Brasil (BB). São abordadas também questões relativas ao orçamento monetário, à conta-movimento e à dívida pública. Indica-se a relação entre a crise econômica no começo dos anos 1980 e as reformas na estrutura das finanças públicas brasileiras no período, como a criação da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN), a unificação dos orçamentos, o fim da conta-

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Nieves, J., J. M. Flynn, and E. Hernandez. "Semileptonic bc to cc and bb to bc baryon decays and heavy quark spin symmetry." Chinese Physics C 34, no. 9 (2010): 1364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/34/9/043.

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Tabrizian, Zahra, Ehsan Afshari, Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri, Morteza Hossein Ali Beigy, and Seyed Mohammad Pourhoseini Nejad. "A New Damage Detection Method: Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) Algorithm." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 4 (2013): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/625914.

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The present paper aims to explore damage assessment methodology based on the changes in dynamic parameters properties of vibration of a structural system. The finite-element model is used to apply at an element level. Reduction of the element stiffness is considered for structural damage. A procedure for locating and quantifying damaged areas of the structure based on the innovative Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) optimization method is developed for continuous variable optimization. For verifying the method a number of damage scenarios for simulated structures have been considered. For the purpos

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Lenin, K. "Dwindling of Real Power Loss by Enriched Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 7, no. 4 (2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v7.i4.pp190-196.

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In this paper, Enriched Big Bang-Big Crunch (EBC) algorithm is proposed to solve the reactive power problem. The problem of converging to local optimum solutions occurred for the Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) approach due to greedily looking around the best ever found solutions. The proposed algorithm takes advantages of typical Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm and enhances it with the proper balance between exploration and exploitation factors. Proposed EBC algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 &amp; practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the improved p

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K., Lenin. "Dwindling of Real Power Loss by Enriched Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 7, no. 4 (2018): 190–96. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v7.i4.pp190-196.

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In this paper, Enriched Big Bang-Big Crunch (EBC) algorithm is proposed to solve the reactive power problem. The problem of converging to local optimum solutions occurred for the Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) approach due to greedily looking around the best ever found solutions. The proposed algorithm takes advantages of typical Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm and enhances it with the proper balance between exploration and exploitation factors. Proposed EBC algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the improved perfo

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Holanda, Bruna A., Mira L. Pöhlker, David Walter, et al. "Influx of African biomass burning aerosol during the Amazonian dry season through layered transatlantic transport of black carbon-rich smoke." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (2020): 4757–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4757-2020.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosols influence the Earth's atmosphere and climate, but their microphysical properties, spatiotemporal distribution, and long-range transport are not well constrained. This study presents airborne observations of the transatlantic transport of BC-rich African biomass burning (BB) smoke into the Amazon Basin using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) as well as several complementary techniques. We base our results on observations of aerosols and trace gases off the Brazilian coast onboard the HALO (High Altitude and LOng range) research aircraft during the ACRI

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Zhang, R., H. Wang, Y. Qian, et al. "Quantifying sources, transport, deposition and radiative forcing of black carbon over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 1 (2015): 77–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-77-2015.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP), both airborne and those deposited on snow, have been shown to affect snowmelt and glacier retreat. Since BC over the HTP may originate from a variety of geographical regions and emission sectors, it is essential to quantify the source–receptor relationships of BC in order to understand the contributions of natural and anthropogenic emissions and provide guidance for potential mitigation actions. In this study, we use the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with a newly developed source tagging technique

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Zhang, R., H. Wang, Y. Qian, et al. "Quantifying sources, transport, deposition, and radiative forcing of black carbon over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 11 (2015): 6205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6205-2015.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP), both airborne and those deposited on snow, have been shown to affect snowmelt and glacier retreat. Since BC over the HTP may originate from a variety of geographical regions and emission sectors, it is essential to quantify the source–receptor relationships of BC in order to understand the contributions of natural and anthropogenic emissions and provide guidance for potential mitigation actions. In this study, we use the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with a newly developed source-tagging technique

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Oblak, Simon, Tufan Kumbasar, Igor Ŝkrjanc, and Engin Yesil. "Inverse-model predictive control based on INFUMO-BB-BC optimization." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 10 (2010): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100826-3-tr-4015.00055.

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Kalra, Ashima, Shakti Kumar, and Sukhbir Singh Walia. "ANN Model Identification A BB-BC Optimization Algorithm Based Approach." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 12 (2018): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v6i12.264271.

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Abbas, Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar, Ummah Rais, Haider Sultan, et al. "Residual Effect of Microbial-Inoculated Biochar with Nitrogen on Rice Growth and Salinity Reduction in Paddy Soil." Plants 13, no. 19 (2024): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13192804.

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Increasing soil and water salinity threatens global agriculture, particularly affecting rice. This study investigated the residual effects of microbial biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in mitigating salt stress in paddy soil and regulating the biochemical characteristics of rice plants. Two rice varieties, Shuang Liang You 138 (SLY138), a salt-tolerant, and Jing Liang You 534 (JLY534), a salt-sensitive, were grown under 0.4 ds/m EC (S0) and 6.84 ds/m EC (S1) in a glass house under controlled conditions. Three types of biochar—rice straw biochar (BC), fungal biochar (BF), and bacterial biochar (

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JÕUDU, I., M. HENNO, and S. VÄRV. "Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of Estonian Native cattle." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 3 (2008): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607783328209.

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The genetic variation of ás1-, â- and ê-caseins and b-lactoglobulin was determined and their effects on the rennet coagulation properties were examined using 335 milk samples from 118 Estonian Native (EN) cows. We found 16 aggregate casein genotypes (ás1-, â-, ê-caseins), of which four . namely, BB A2A2 AA (21.2%), BB A1A2 AB (16.9%), BB A1A2 AA (14.4%), and BB A2A2 AB (10.2%) occurred among nearly two-thirds of the analysed cows. Aggregate casein genotype had a significant overall effect on rennet coagulation parameters. Better rennet coagulation properties were found for aggregate casein g

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Kaya, Ferhat, Çağlar Conker, and Hasan Hüseyin Bilgiç. "Multi-objective optimal tuning and performance comparison of the LQR controller for an underactuated motion control system with GA, ABC, VPS, and BB-BC algorithms." Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications 5, no. 2 (2025): 376–95. https://doi.org/10.53391/mmnsa.1586464.

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The presented study is organized to provide details on the design and performance analysis of multi-objective optimization of LQR controller parameters for an underactuated motion (pendulum type gantry crane) system. The objective of the optimization is to design an LQR controller to eliminate pendulum oscillations caused by the motion of the system. In line with this objective, a new multi-objective function has been designed by considering the important parameters of control responses. The VPS and BB-BC algorithms have been utilized for the first time in the design and development of motion

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Lawson, S. J., M. D. Keywood, I. E. Galbally, et al. "Biomass burning emissions of trace gases and particles in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 23 (2015): 13393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13393-2015.

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) plumes were measured at the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station during the 2006 Precursors to Particles campaign, when emissions from a fire on nearby Robbins Island impacted the station. Measurements made included non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) (PTR-MS), particle number size distribution, condensation nuclei (CN) > 3 nm, black carbon (BC) concentration, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number, ozone (O3), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), halocarbons and meteorology. During the first plum

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Stavroulas, Iasonas, Georgios Grivas, Eleni Liakakou, et al. "Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121686.

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Port cities are affected by a wide array of emissions, including those from the shipping, road transport, and residential sectors; therefore, the characterization and apportionment of such sources in a high temporal resolution is crucial. This study presents measurements of fine aerosol chemical composition in Piraeus, one of the largest European ports, during two monthly periods (winter vs. summer) in 2018–2019, using online instrumentation (Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor—ACSM, 7-λ aethalometer). PMF source apportionment was performed on the ACSM mass spectra to quantify organic aerosol

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Evangeliou, N., Y. Balkanski, W. M. Hao, et al. "Wildfires in northern Eurasia affect the budget of black carbon in the Arctic – a 12-year retrospective synopsis (2002–2013)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 12 (2016): 7587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7587-2016.

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Abstract. In recent decades much attention has been given to the Arctic environment, where climate change is happening rapidly. Black carbon (BC) has been shown to be a major component of Arctic pollution that also affects the radiative balance. In the present study, we focused on how vegetation fires that occurred in northern Eurasia during the period of 2002–2013 influenced the budget of BC in the Arctic. For simulating the transport of fire emissions from northern Eurasia to the Arctic, we adopted BC fire emission estimates developed independently by GFED3 (Global Fire Emissions Database) a

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Konovalov, Igor B., Nikolai A. Golovushkin, Matthias Beekmann, and Solène Turquety. "Using Multi-Platform Satellite Observations to Study the Atmospheric Evolution of Brown Carbon in Siberian Biomass Burning Plumes." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (2022): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112625.

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A bulk of evidence from in situ observations and lab experiments suggests that brown carbon (light-absorbing organic compounds in particles) can provide a significant yet highly variable contribution to the overall light absorption by aerosol particles from biomass burning (BB). Partly stemming from the complexity of the atmospheric evolution of organic aerosol (OA), the variability in brown carbon (BrC) absorption makes it difficult to partition the radiative effects of BrC and black carbon (BC) in atmospheric and climate models; as such, there are calls for satellite-based methods that could

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Ndi Koungou, Sylvère, Jean-Jacques Nestor Nsoe Mengue, Guillaume Patrice Kofa, Pie Essono Bessalla, Victoria Amba, and Joseph George Kayem. "Évaluation de la durée d’inoculation d’un biofiltre granulaire de pouzzolane à partir des souches indigènes de bactéries et de levures isolées d’effluent d’industrie de caoutchouc." Revue des sciences de l’eau 29, no. 1 (2016): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035714ar.

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Le pouvoir épuratoire d’un biofiltre granulaire dépend du temps nécessaire pour que les microorganismes se fixent dans le lit granulaire. Ce temps dépend non seulement des microorganismes, mais également des facteurs environnementaux tels que le pH. Cette étude a consisté à étudier l’influence du pH sur le temps nécessaire à quatre souches microbiennes isolées des effluents d’une usine de production de caoutchouc naturel à se fixer dans un lit granulaire de pouzzolane. Deux types de levures (LR et LB) et deux types de bactéries (BB et BC) ont été fixés sur les grains de pouzzolane ayant une ta

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Diksha, Sharma Rupesh Yadav Sanjay Chouhan. "PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE SMART ANTENNA USING PSO AND BB-BC BASED OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 5 (2017): 730–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.801291.

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The electromagnetic power is an important term for wireless communication system. Which tells about the efficiency of the communication and its life in case of battery based communication setup. The reception in the desired direction is important for communication architecture. Hence the directivity and side lobes levels are two important parameters in the antenna system of wireless communication. In this paper the side lobes level reduction with the evolutionary optimization techniques has been given. PSO and BBBC techniques have been used for optimization. The optimization curve and resulted

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Guerrette, Jonathan J., and Daven K. Henze. "Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 12 (2017): 7605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7605-2017.

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Abstract. Biomass burning emissions of atmospheric aerosols, including black carbon, are growing due to increased global drought, and comprise a large source of uncertainty in regional climate and air quality studies. We develop and apply new incremental four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) capabilities in WRFDA-Chem to find optimal spatially and temporally distributed biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions. The constraints are provided by aircraft BC concentrations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites

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Sisin, Noor Nabilah Talik, Hiroaki Akasaka, Ryohei Sasaki, et al. "Effects of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles, Cisplatin and Baicalein-rich Fraction on ROS Generation in Proton Beam irradiated Human Colon Carcinoma Cells." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 28, no. 1 (2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2022-0004.

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Abstract Introduction: Proton beam radiotherapy is an advanced cancer treatment technique, which would reduce the effects of radiation on the surrounding healthy cells. The usage of radiosensitizers in this technique might further elevate the radiation dose towards the cancer cells. Material and methods: The present study investigated the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the presence of individual radiosensitizers, such as bismuth oxide nanoparticles (BiONPs), cisplatin (Cis) or baicalein-rich fraction (BRF) from Oroxylum indicum plant, as well as their combinat

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Özbaşaran, Hakan. "A Study on Size Optimization of Trusses with BB-BC Algorithm: Review and Numerical Experiments." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 18, no. 1 (2018): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.66584.

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Bongiovì, Gaetano, Ilenia Catanzaro, Pietro Alessandro Di Maio, et al. "Exploratory Thermo-Mechanical Assessment of the Bottom Cap Region of the EU DEMO Water-Cooled Lead Lithium Central Outboard Blanket Segment." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (2023): 9812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179812.

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The Water-Cooled Lead Lithium (WCLL) Breeding Blanket (BB) is one of the two BB concept candidates to be selected as the driver blanket for the EU DEMO fusion reactor. In this regard, the development of a sound architecture of the WCLL Central Outboard Blanket (COB) Segment, ensuring the fulfilment of the thermal and structural design requirements, is one of the main goals of the EUROfusion consortium. To this purpose, an exploratory research campaign has been launched to preliminarily investigate the thermo-mechanical performances of the Bottom Cap (BC) region of the WCLL COB segment because

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Parwati, Sang Ayu Putu Eny, and I. Wayan Sudiartha. "BAHASA BALI DI TENGAH MASYARAKAT MULTIETNIS: Kajian Vitalitas Bahasa." tuahtalino 15, no. 2 (2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/tt.v15i2.3916.

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Penelitian ini mengungkap tentang penggunaan bahasa Bali (BB) oleh masyarakat multietnis di Kecamatan Melaya, Kabupaten Jembrana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pilihan bahasa masyarakat etnis Bali dan masyarakat nonetnis Bali sehingga vitalitas BB dapat diketahui berdasarkan nilai rata-rata indikatornya. Vitalitas BB pada setiap indikatornya dideskripsikan dengan menerapkan metode kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang memuat pilihan bahasa dan vitalitas bahasa. Tahapan pengolahan data kuantitatif dimulai dengan penyuntingan, pengodean, dan pemrosesan data dengan hitunga

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T. Shumba, Tobias, and Bridgette V. Musamirapamwe. "Investigation on the Adsorption Properties of an Engineered Biochar (Fe2o3-Bc) Nano-Composite in Binary and Ternary Aqueous Solutions." Material Science Research India 19, no. 2 (2022): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/190207.

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The binary and ternary adsorptions of Pb (II), methyl orange (MO) and brilliant blue (BB) on engineered biochar (Fe2O3-BC) nano-composite using pyrolysis and microwave activation were investigated in this work. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the capacity of Fe2O3BC to remove MO, Pb and BB in binary and ternary aqueous solutions. MO removal was higher in MO-Pb binary solution than in ternary MO solution. A large amount of adsorbent dosage, high concentration and longer time were witnessed to achieve maximum removals in ternary solutions as compared to binary solutions. The Lang

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