Academic literature on the topic 'BBC micro:bit'

Micro: bit is a new learning device that makes it easy to learn programming and electronics. This device enables the development of logical thinking, problem solving skills and digital literacy in students in general. Using the micro: bit enables relatively easy programming in different programming environments on different computers and mobile phones. Additional functionalities of the micro: bit are achieved by extending it with special elements. The research was conducted in a primary school in the Republic of Serbia. The pupils were divided into a control and an experimental group, with the students in the experimental group using the micro: bit device. The results of the work show that the use of the micro: bit in class has a positive effect on the students' performance in the subject "Technique and Technology" for the lesson "Managing processes and things remotely using information and communication technologies". In addition, the students' thoughts about the use of the micro: bit in class were revealed.

Technical education and Computer science education is easier to understand and more meaningful to learn using new teaching materials. This paper describes the use of miniature Micro: bit computers, developed by the British company BBC, in cooperation with several technology companies, with a purpose to increase the number of technologically educated people. Paper presents possible use of Micro: bit in teaching technical and informatics education and its impact on the development of digital competence. Micro: bit is already used in schools in the UK and part of teachers in Serbia had the opportunity to get acquainted with characteristics of this device. It is shown how students can try out the programming in the Microsoft Block Editor. Another benefit of this mini-computer is getting to know the basics of robotics. The curriculum in primary education enables the use of such tools in teaching process. Use of this tool and others, similar to it, in work with students, creates the atmosphere in school that is oriented towards new technologies. The simplicity of this mini-computer allows the student to become familiar with different professional challenges that can help them with choosing a future profession.

This work presents the first research results of the proposal made with secondary and middle education students, in the areas of physics and technology, where didactic sequences focused on experimental activities mediated by technological tools such as Arduino, Cyberpi and BBC micro: bit, under the STEM approach are presented. This was done using the PBL methodology, as well as the physical analysis of the characteristics of the instruments used, and their respective programming and analysis of results, based on computational thinking tools. This proposal aims to provide teachers with tools to include technological tools such as sensors in the classroom and use them as didactic alternatives for learning key concepts of physics, technology and programming.

To date, most work on computers in art has focused on the Algorists (1960s–) and on later cyber arts (1990s–). The use of microcomputers is an underexplored area, with the 1980s constituting a particular gap in the knowledge. This article considers the case of Polish-Australian artist, Stan Ostoja-Kotkowski (b. 1922, d. 1994), who after early exposure to computers at the Bell Labs (1967), returned to microcomputers late in his life. He was not a programmer yet used micros in his practice from the early 1980s, first a BBC in his BP Christmas Star commission, and later a 32-bit Archimedes. This he used from 1989 until his death to produce still images with a fractal generator and the ‘paintbox’ program, “Photodesk”. Drawing on archival research and interviews, we focus on three examples of how Ostoja deployed his micro, highlighting the convergence of art, maths, electronics, and a ‘hands-on’ tinkering ethic in his practice. We argue that when considering the history of creative microcomputing, it is imperative to go beyond the field of art itself. In this case, electronics and the hobbyist computing scenes provide crucial contexts.

As a result of the computerization of various workplaces and the increased presence of micro&shy;computers in society, several countries around the globe took steps in the 1980s to introduce computers into schools. In certain countries, such as East Germany (GDR) and Sweden, this meant developing a purpose-built computer centrally to raise pupils&rsquo; level of competence in informatics. As part of this process, the microcomputer became the epitome of educational technology. In this article, we investigate the process by which the microcomputer became an educational technology in the minds of the politicians and pedagogues involved in the projects. We argue that the national projects that the GDR and Sweden embarked upon express the dominant views of the respective state authorities in relation to the ideal relationship between computer technology, society, and education. Through a historical comparison by contrast of contexts, this article shows the sociotechnical imaginaries that prompted the two countries to initiate a strategy to bring computer technology into schools. <em>version fran&ccedil;aise</em> En raison de l&rsquo;informatisation des divers lieux de travail et de la pr&eacute;sence accrue de micro-or&shy;dinateurs dans la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, plusieurs pays du monde ont pris des mesures dans les ann&eacute;es 1980 pour introduire les ordinateurs dans les &eacute;coles. Dans certains pays, comme l&rsquo;Allemagne de l&rsquo;Est (RDA) et la Su&egrave;de par exemple, cela impliquait le d&eacute;veloppement centralis&eacute; d&rsquo;un ordinateur sp&eacute;cialement con&ccedil;u pour augmenter le niveau de comp&eacute;tence en informatique des &eacute;l&egrave;ves. Dans le cadre de ce processus, le micro-ordinateur est devenu le mod&egrave;le de la technologie &eacute;ducative. Dans cet article, nous &eacute;tudions le processus par lequel le micro-ordinateur est devenu une technologie &eacute;ducative dans l&rsquo;esprit des politiciens et des p&eacute;dagogues impliqu&eacute;s dans les projets. Nous soutenons que les projets nationaux lanc&eacute;s par la RDA et par la Su&egrave;de expriment les points de vue dominants des autorit&eacute;s respectives de ces &Eacute;tats concernant la relation id&eacute;ale entre la technologie informatique, la soci&eacute;t&eacute; et l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation. &Agrave; travers une comparaison histo&shy;rique par contraste de contextes, cet article

In our pioneering seminal work on novel cytotoxic potential agents, we are detailing the virtual screening-guided synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic evaluation of Bis(9-acridinyl) ketone derivatives, specifically Novel N10-substituted 2-fluoro-7-methyl and 2,7-dimethyl Bis-Acridone derivatives. The study substituted Bis-acridone derivatives were investigated as topoisomerase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies against 1TL8 (Topoisomerase I) and 3QX3 (Topoisomerase II&beta;) proteins revealed promising ligand&ndash;protein binding interactions among 16 compounds, with four showing high binding affinity for Topoisomerase II&beta; (3QX3). Compounds BFM, BPL, BPR, and BBT exhibited the highest binding affinities, with BFM and BBT displaying notable significant in-vitro cytotoxic effects were observed against Human Breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, with IC50 values recorded at 23 &plusmn; 1.8 &micro;g and 31 &plusmn; 2.2 &micro;g. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of these compounds. The in-silico ADME analysis indicated that compound BPL has the potential to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), while all synthesized compounds were evaluated accordingly demonstrated favorable bioavailability and low toxicity profiles, positioning them as promising candidates for further optimization as topoisomerase inhibitors in cancer therapy.

Boron carbide (BC, B15-xCx B4C) has a unique combination of properties. This makes it a material for priority applications for a wide range of engineering solutions. The high melting point and heat resistance of the compound contribute to its use in refractory conditions. Due to its extreme abrasion resistance, B4C is used as an abrasive powder and coating. Due to its high hardness and low density, B15-xCx has ballistic characteristics. It is usually used in nuclear programs as an absorbent of neutron radiation Boron carbide ceramics (B15-xCx or BC) may lose strength and toughness due to the amorphization effect under high shear stresses. Aluminum dodecaboride AlB12 or B12Al, as well as boron carbide B12 [(CCC) x (CBC) 1-x] have common structural units B12 family of boron-icosahedral structures. The bond between icosahedrons is mainly due to atoms (Al, Si, O) or chains (CMC), where M is Al, Si, B, C. Doping BC powder with a small amount of AlB12, in cases of shock-shear stress, triggers the mechanism of "micro-cracking". Micro cracks and pores are formed in ceramics. The breakdown voltage decreases. AlB12 synthesis is associated with known difficulties. On the other hand. The production of metal-ceramic materials for several decades is associated with the interaction of liquid aluminum and boron nitride. The calculation of this reaction shows that it is exothermic. Avoiding oxidation in vacuum, the reaction occurs through the formation of aluminum nitride and aluminum dodeca-boride. In contrast to the liquid state, the process continues until the end, at conditional temperatures of evaporation of aluminum with slight changes in vacuum. The reaction product is a mixture of nanosized AlN/AlB12 powders with a weight ratio of 3/1 ready for baking without grinding. The acid-base properties of the nanosized powder mixture AlN + AlB12, the products of the interaction BN + Al in vacuum, which are used optionally, emit separate in pure phases of aluminum nitride and aluminum dodeca-boride. The yield of AlB12 is ~ 25%, boron reaches ~ 100%. The average particle size of the AlB12 powders according to TEM and ACS X-rays (area of coherent X-rays scattering), L (nm) is LTEM=110-150nm, LACS=51-70nm. The average specific surface area of the powder according to BET, TEM and ACS, SBET.m2/g=21,0-15,0; STEM.m2/g=21,4-15,4; SACS.m2/g=46,1-33,6; (at 1460 and 1640K, respectively).

Este trabalho investigou a viabilidade de utilização do acelerômetro interno do BBC micro: bit em atividades experimentais. Dois experimentos foram utilizados para testes, sendo que esses tratavam da Segunda Lei de Newton e do movimento de Rotação. Em ambos o objetivo foi medir de forma direta a aceleração e com isso analisar os dados através de estatística descritiva e análises gráficas, gerando resultados que servirão de referencial para alunos em laboratório, além de esclarecer conceitos de difícil visualização e compreensão. Os resultados obtidos auxiliam a compreender melhor o que realmente ocorre nos movimentos de aceleração e podem auxiliar na reorganização de atividades experimentais para o ensino de Física.

In the General education program 2018, information technology competency is one of the seven specific competencies that need to be formed and developed for learners. The ability to solve problems with the support of information and communication technology (NLc) is one of the five components of information technology competency. Researching a programming environment to develop NLc is essential. We have used theoretical and experimental pedagogical research methods to examine the potential of using Microsoft MakeCode for BBC micro:bit to contribute to developing NLc component of the information technology competency for secondary students. The results showed that Microsoft MakeCode for BBC micro: bit conforms to the programming language selection criteria outlined in the Infomatics educational program 2018. The use of this environment in teaching programming creates favorable conditions to develop the competency of the NLc for students.

Le travail soumis commence par un aperçu du micro-crédit tel qu'il a été introduit au Bangladesh par M. Yunus. Puis on donne un modèle stochastique des retards de versement. Comme ces retards ne donnent pas lieu à une sanction financière, ils constituent, de fait, une baisse du taux réel de crédit. Ce taux est alors, lui-même, aléatoire. On calcule un taux espéré en fonction de la probabilité de retard de remboursement hebdomadaire. On déduit que ce taux espéré est d'environ 3.5% inférieur au taux (annoncé) du cas déterministe si l'on considère que 3% des retards atteignent 4 semaines. Le travail se poursuit par une étude statistique de données du micro-crédit en Thaïlande. On commence par présenter un modèle de régression logistique du taux de remboursement par rapport aux 23 variables mesurées sur un échantillon de 219 groupes d'emprunteurs. On présente ensuite une sélection des variables les plus pertinentes selon un critère AIC ou BIC par une méthode "backward stepwise". Finalement des expériences sur des sous-échantillons montrent une bonne stabilité du choix des variables obtenues par la sélection.

Abstract The goal of the present study is to develop original research revolving around plastics-based Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) that seeks to improve the current quality, print time, strength, and post-processing needed for LAM. This is accomplished through repurposing a sub-surface laser engraving (SSLE) machine that solidifies bio-resin through thermal polymerization. SSLE machines are traditionally used to create greyscale art pieces that are suspended in a solid crystal block. This is accomplished through focusing the laser below the top surface of the crystal and creating micro-fractures in the material that are around 20–30 μm in size. By keeping the same general process of SSLE, but changing what medium the laser interacts with, this experimental research seeks to replace the micro-fractures with micro-solids through laser induced thermal polymerization in resin. A resin with 50% (weight) of Tung oil is considered for its eco-friendliness. An SSLE machine equipped with a diode pumped Nd: YAG laser is customized to focus laser energy at the subsurface of the resin medium. Several advantages are hypothesized for this new additive manufacturing technique including the elimination of strictly defined layer lines, no longer needing a build plate for the part to build from, the absence of support material as any overhangs will be suspended in the uncured resin, enhancement of surface quality, and the improved strength found from a proposed Body Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice structure of the points. In combining these unprecedented advantages, it is expected that the Sub-Surface Laser Additive Manufacturing (SSLAM) would be an industry-leading advancement with a wide range of applications for commercial product development.

Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 &gt;&gt; alum-BS &gt; BSC ≥ FBS &gt; CaO-BS &gt;&gt; FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 &gt;&gt; alum-BS &gt; BSC ≥ FBS &gt; CaO-BS &gt;&gt; FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.