Relevant bibliographies by topics / BBench

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'BBench'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "BBench"

1

Wyatt, T. A., J. R. Spurzem, K. May, and J. H. Sisson. "Regulation of ciliary beat frequency by both PKA and PKG in bovine airway epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 275, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): L827—L835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.4.l827.

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Ciliary beating is required for the maintenance of lung mucociliary transport. We investigated the role of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases in stimulating ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs). cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity were distinguished after DEAE-Sephacel chromatography of BBEC extracts. cAMP levels and PKA activity are increased in BBECs stimulated with 0.01–1 mM isoproterenol, with a corresponding increase in CBF. cGMP levels and PKG activity are increased in BBECs stimulated with 0.1–10 μM sodium nitroprusside, with a corresponding increase in CBF. Direct protein kinase-activating analogs of cAMP and cGMP (dibutyryl cAMP and 8-bromo-cGMP, respectively) also activate their specific kinases and stimulate CBF. Preincubation of BBECs with inhibitors of PKA or PKG [KT-5720 or Rp-8-( p-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphothioate] results in the inhibition of specific kinase activity as well as in the inhibition of CBF. These studies suggest that the activation of either PKA or PKG can lead to the stimulation of CBF in bovine airway epithelium.
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Wyatt, T. A., and J. H. Sisson. "Chronic ethanol downregulates PKA activation and ciliary beating in bovine bronchial epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 281, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): L575—L581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.3.l575.

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Previously, we reported that ethanol (EtOH) stimulates a rapid increase in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC). Agents activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also stimulate CBF. EtOH stimulates BBEC CBF through cyclic nucleotide kinase activation. However, EtOH-stimulated CBF is maximal by 1 h and subsides by 6 h, returning to baseline by 24 h. We hypothesized that the loss of EtOH-stimulated CBF was a result of downregulation of PKA activity. To determine the PKA activation state in response to EtOH, ciliated BBEC were stimulated for 0–72 h with various concentrations of EtOH and assayed for PKA. EtOH (100 mM) treatment of the cells for 1 h increased PKA activity threefold over unstimulated controls. PKA activity decreased with increasing time from 6 to 24 h. When BBEC were preincubated with 100 mM EtOH for 24 h, the stimulation of PKA by isoproterenol or 8-bromo-cAMP was abrogated. EtOH desensitizes BBEC to PKA-activating agents, suggesting that EtOH rapidly stimulates, whereas long-term EtOH downregulates, CBF via PKA in BBEC.
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Wyatt, Todd A., Harumasa Ito, Thomas J. Veys, and John R. Spurzem. "Stimulation of protein kinase C activity by tumor necrosis factor-α in bovine bronchial epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 273, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): L1007—L1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.5.l1007.

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Bronchial epithelial cell migration, attachment, and proliferation are important processes in response to airway injury. We have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulates the migration of bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC) in vitro. We hypothesized that protein kinase C (PKC) may be one of the intracellular signaling mediators of TNF-α in BBEC. In this study, we have identified multiple PKC isoforms in BBEC and measured total cellular PKC activity. Polyclonal antibodies to the PKC-α, -β2, -δ, and -ε isoforms recognized protein bands around 80–90 kDa. BBEC primary cultures treated with either 500 U/ml TNF-α for 2–4 h or 100 ng/ml 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate for 15 min resulted in three- to fivefold increases in PKC activity in the particulate fractions of crude cell lysates. This activity was inhibited by 1 μM calphostin C or 10 μM H-7. Similarly, TNF-α-stimulated BBEC migration was reduced at least twofold in the presence of H-7 or calphostin C. These studies suggest that the activation of PKC is necessary for TNF-α-stimulated BBEC migration.
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Allen-Gipson, D. S., J. Wong, J. R. Spurzem, J. H. Sisson, and T. A. Wyatt. "Adenosine A2A receptors promote adenosine-stimulated wound healing in bronchial epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 290, no. 5 (May 2006): L849—L855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00373.2005.

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Adenosine produces a wide variety of physiological effects through the activation of specific adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3). Adenosine, acting particularly at the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), is a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory agent and sensor of inflammatory tissue damage. The complete healing of wounds is the final step in a highly regulated response to injury. Recent studies on epidermal wounds have identified the A2AAR as the main adenosine receptor responsible for altering the kinetics of wound closure. We hypothesized that A2AAR promotes wound healing in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). To test this hypothesis, the human BEC line BEAS-2B and bovine BECs (BBECs) were used. Real-time RT-PCR of RNA from unstimulated BEAS-2B cells revealed transcriptional expression of A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. Western blot analysis of lysates from BEAS-2B cells and BBECs detected a single band at 44.7 kDa in both the BECs, indicating the presence of A2AAR. In a wound healing model, we found that adenosine stimulated wound repair in cultured BBECs in a concentration-dependent manner, with an optimal closure rate observed between 4 and 6 h. Similarly, the A2AAR agonist 5′-( N-cyclopropyl)carboxamidoadenosine (CPCA) augmented wound closure, with a maximal closure rate occurring between 4 and 6 h. Inhibition of A2AAR with ZM-241385, a known A2AAR antagonist, impeded wound healing. In addition, ZM-241385 also attenuated adenosine-mediated wound repair. Kinase studies revealed that adenosine-stimulated airway repair activates PKA by ligating A2AAR. Collectively, the data suggest that the A2AAR is involved in BEC adenosine-stimulated wound healing and may prove useful in understanding purinergic-mediated actions on airway epithelial repair.
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Jain, B., I. Rubinstein, R. A. Robbins, and J. H. Sisson. "TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta upregulate nitric oxide-dependent ciliary motility in bovine airway epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 268, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): L911—L917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.6.l911.

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Airway epithelial cells can be modulated by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta that are released from inflammatory cells. Since ciliary motility is an important host defense function of airway epithelium, we hypothesized that cytokines, released from lung macrophages, upregulate ciliary motility. To test this hypothesis, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured by video microscopy in cultured ciliated bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs) incubated for 24 h with bovine alveolar macrophage-conditioned medium (AM-CM). Exposure to AM-CM resulted in a delayed (> or = 2 h) increase in CBF that was maximal after 24 h exposure (13.70 +/- 0.43 for AM-CM vs. 9.44 +/- 0.24 Hz for medium; P < 0.0001) and which was largely blocked by either anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IL-1 beta antibodies. rTNF-alpha or rIL-1 beta similarly increased CBF, which could be blocked by preincubation with either anti-rTNF-alpha or anti-rIL-1 beta antibodies. Preincubation of BBECs with actinomycin D or dexamethasone also blocked rTNF-alpha- and rIL-1 beta-induced cilia stimulation, suggesting that new protein synthesis is required for cytokine-induced upregulation of CBF. Since NO is known to upregulate ciliary motility and cytokines can induce NO synthase (NOS), we hypothesized that TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta increase CBF by inducing NOS in BBECs. The cilia stimulatory effects of TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta were inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a competitive NOS inhibitor, and restored by the addition of either L-arginine, an NOS substrate, or sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Cantral, D. E., J. H. Sisson, T. Veys, S. I. Rennard, and J. R. Spurzem. "Effects of cigarette smoke extract on bovine bronchial epithelial cell attachment and migration." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 268, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): L723—L728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.5.l723.

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The repair of injured epithelium involves a complex interaction between epithelial cells and the underlying extracellular matrix. We studied the effects of sublethal concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and two volatile components of cigarette smoke, acetaldehyde and acrolein, on bovine bronchial epithelial cell (BBEC) attachment and migration in vitro. After short-term exposure (2 and 6 h) to CSE, BBEC attachment to fibronectin-coated dishes was decreased, and migration to fibronectin was unchanged. After a longer period of exposure, 24 h, attachment was increased and migration was unchanged. Exposure to a peptide containing the amino acid sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) reduced attachment equally well for control and smoke-exposed cells. BBEC sheet migration was reduced over 72 h after exposure to CSE. Acrolein reduced BBEC migration to fibronectin but had no effect on attachment. Acetaldehyde had no effect on either attachment or migration. We conclude that exposure to CSE has important effects on bronchial epithelial cell migration and attachment, and that these effects change over time.
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Behling-Kelly, E., David McClenahan, K. S. Kim, and C. J. Czuprynski. "Viable “Haemophilus somnus” Induces Myosin Light-Chain Kinase-Dependent Decrease in Brain Endothelial Cell Monolayer Resistance." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 9 (June 25, 2007): 4572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00028-07.

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ABSTRACT “Haemophilus somnus” causes thrombotic meningoencephalitis in cattle. Our laboratory has previously reported that H. somnus has the ability to adhere to, but not invade, bovine brain endothelial cells (BBEC) in vitro. The goal of this study was to determine if H. somnus alters brain endothelial cell monolayer integrity in vitro, in a manner that would be expected to contribute to inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Monolayer integrity was monitored by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and albumin flux. BBEC incubated with H. somnus underwent rapid cytoskeletal rearrangement, significant increases in albumin flux, and reductions in TEER. Decreased monolayer TEER was preceded by phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain and was partially dependent on tumor necrosis factor alpha and myosin light-chain kinase but not interleukin-1β. Neither heat-killed H. somnus, formalin-fixed H. somnus, nor purified lipooligosaccharide altered monolayer integrity within a 2-h incubation period, whereas conditioned medium from H. somnus-treated BBEC caused a modest reduction in TEER. The data from this study support the hypothesis that viable H. somnus alters integrity of the blood-brain barrier by promoting contraction of BBEC and increasing paracellular permeability of the CNS vasculature.
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Kisiela, Dagmara I., and Charles J. Czuprynski. "Identification of Mannheimia haemolytica Adhesins Involved in Binding to Bovine Bronchial Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 1 (November 3, 2008): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00312-08.

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ABSTRACT Mannheimia haemolytica, a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract in cattle, is the principal bacterial pathogen associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. Adherence to the respiratory mucosa is a crucial event in its pathogenesis. However, the bacterial components that contribute to this process are not fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that M. haemolytica adhered to bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC) in vitro and that adherence was inhibited by anti-M. haemolytica antibody. Western blot analysis of M. haemolytica proteins that bind to BBEC showed a dominant protein band with an apparent molecular mass of ∼30 kDa. Peptide sequences for the 30-kDa BBEC-binding proteins, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, matched two M. haemolytica surface proteins: heat-modifiable outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and lipoprotein 1 (Lpp1). Western blotting showed that the 30-kDa protein band is recognized by both anti-M. haemolytica OmpA and anti-Lpp1 antibodies. Furthermore, incubation with anti-OmpA and anti-Lpp1 antibodies significantly inhibited M. haemolytica binding to BBEC monolayers. In summary, these results suggest that OmpA and Lpp1 contribute to adherence of M. haemolytica to bovine respiratory epithelial cells.
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Behling-Kelly, Erica, Kwang Kim, and Charles Czuprynski. "Haemophilus somnus activation of brain endothelial cells: Potential role for local cytokine production and thrombosis in central nervous system (CNS) infection." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 10 (2007): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th06-11-0665.

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SummaryThrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME) is a neurological condition in cattle characterized by fibrinopurulent meningitis with hemorrhage, abscess formation and thrombotic vasculitis throughout the central nervous system. The etiologic agent of TME is Haemophilus somnus, a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus. Although the pathogenesis of TME is not well understood, the propensity of H. somnus to cause vasculitis and intravascular thrombosis suggests a critical role for the interactions between the bacteria and endothelial cells in inciting the disease. The goal of this study was to determine if H. somnus elicits an inflammatory and procoagulative response in bovine brain micro- vascular endothelial cells (BBEC) in vitro. We demonstrate that BBEC exposed to H. somnus secrete significant levels of the proinflammatory and procoagulative cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. BBEC treated with H. somnus also display increased levels of IL-6 mRNA,another cytokine associated with coagulopathy in vivo. H. somnus-treated BBEC exhibited increased procoagulant activity and tissue factor expression and activity,along with a decreased ability to activate protein C and decreased expression of thrombomodulin mRNA. These changes would be expected to promote thrombus formation in vessels of the CNS, and potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of TME.
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Von Essen, S. G., S. I. Rennard, D. O'Neill, R. F. Ertl, R. A. Robbins, S. Koyama, and I. Rubinstein. "Bronchial epithelial cells release neutrophil chemotactic activity in response to tachykinins." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): L226—L231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.263.2.l226.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) induce the release of neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) from bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC) and whether neutral endopeptidase (NEP), a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes tachykinins, modulates these effects. BBEC monolayers were exposed to SP, NKA, and NKB in the absence or presence of phosphoramidon (10(-6) M), a selective NEP inhibitor, for 72 h. Using a modified blind-well in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis assay, we found that tachykinin-exposed BBEC culture supernatant fluids induced significant neutrophil chemotaxis compared with supernatants obtained from unstimulated BBEC. Maximal effect was observed after 48 h of incubation and at SP concentration of 10(-13) M [92 +/- 3 (SP) vs. 64 +/- 2 (media) cells/high-power field (HPF), mean +/- SE, n = 7, P less than 0.05]. Release of NCA was mediated by the COOH-terminal of the SP molecule. The rank order of potency of tachykinins in inducing release of NCA was SP greater than NKA = NKB. SP-induced response was significantly potentiated by phosphoramidon (109 +/- 3 vs. 92 +/- 3 cells/HPF, n = 7, P less than 0.05), whereas other proteinase inhibitors had no effect. The released NCA was composed of protein and lipid-soluble components. These data indicate that mammalian tachykinins induce the release of NCA from BBEC and that NEP modulates these effects. We suggest that tachykinins regulate neutrophil recruitment into the lower respiratory tract, in part, by inducing the release of NCA from airway epithelial cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BBench"

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Israelsson, Sigurd. "Energy Efficiency Analysis of ARM big.LITTLE Global Task Scheduling." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11296.

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In this paper an ARM big.LITTLE system with Global Task Scheduling is evaluated in terms of its energy efficiency and performance measured in execution time. The big.LITTLE system is evaluated against the same system but with only the big or LITTLE processor active. The evaluation is done by performing experiments that target three different levels of load: full load, varying load and low load. The benchmarking software PARSEC Blackscholes and BBench are used to put the system under a synthetic workload in the tests. The results show that overall big.LITTLE achieves an improvement in execution time for all test scenarios, although very slim for varying load, and is more energy efficient than the big processor with the possible exception of a low load scenario. However, the LITTLE processor by itself is found to be the most energy efficient system even though it showed the slowest execution time.
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Hannah, Elizabeth Fraser Selkirk. "Transition to secondary school for young people with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2008. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ec59df45-d755-458c-bbec-d3950afe3160.

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The transition to secondary school is important for all students. For students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have difficulty with changes in routine (WHO, 1992), it is especially important that the transition is carefully managed. This report aims to contribute to the understanding of this process. The first study involved a systematic investigation and critique of literature on this transition with a specific focus on students with ASD. The second study comprised the development, implementation and evaluation of a transition programme for nine students with ASD. All were in their final year at mainstream primary schools in a Scottish city. The final study followed up the progress of eight of these students during their first year at secondary school. The empirical studies utilised a range of process and outcomes measures, including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and discussion activities. There was a paucity of scholarly literature on the transition of students with ASD indicating the need for further research. The programme received positive student and parent evaluations and there was some evidence of impact using outcome measures. Feelings of anxiety mixed with excitement were associated with the transition. Students reported higher than normal anxiety levels before and after transfer, although there was evidence of a slight reduction over this period. Students and parents provided a positive evaluation of the students’ social functioning in secondary school, in contrast to the mixed perspective of secondary school staff. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature. Limitations of the present research are considered. Finally, implications for practice and possible areas for future research are proposed.
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Jaffar, Sami Khawar. "Optimizing selectivity in heterocycle C-H functionalization through computational design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:47ef06ba-b309-40e0-bbec-0539daaa7dbe.

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This thesis describes the application of quantum chemical methods to understand Pdcatalyzed C-H activation of aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules, with a view to establishing the factors that enable predictions of site-selectivity to be made. The first chapter introduces palladium catalyzed C-C bond formation and the synthetic field of direct (C-H/C-X) and oxidative cross-couplings (C-H/C-H), the postulated mechanisms of C-H activation, and the theoretical background to the project. The focus of Chapter 2 is the mechanism and site-selectivity of Pd catalyzed direct arylation of N-methyl indole. The mechanism is shown to proceed via a concerted metalation deprotonation of N-methyl indole followed by transmetalation with PhB(OH)2. Importantly, this second step determines the C2 regioselectivity observed experimentally, and the key transition structure is stabilized through a p-polar bond between AcOH and the C2-C3 p system of indole. In Chapter 3 we apply DFT calculations to examine the mechanism of Pd catalyzed activation of N-methyl indole in an oxidative cross-coupling. Calculations predict the mechanism to proceed via initial C-H activation of the indole followed by C-H activation of benzene. Concerted metalation deprotonation is favoured, and assisted by coordinating solvent molecules. Alternative mechanisms, previously postulated in the literature, are calculated and do not support observed experimental results. We extend our examination into the C-H activation and oxidative arylation of N-acetyl indole by investigating a co-catalyst Pd/Cu system in Chapter 4. Calculations demonstrate that a Pd-Cu dimer is energetically viable and leads to initial cleavage at C3. The regioselectivity of the mechanism is determined through the subsequent C-H activation of benzene and completed with a facile reductive elimination step. In Chapter 5 we apply a combination of DFT and kinetic modelling on the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) tuned homocoupling of benzene and the heterocoupling of benzene and anisole. Concentration terms are applied with the implementation of transition state theory to develop kinetic models. Various catalytic models are investigated to show that Pd(OTFA)2, formed at high concentrations of TFA, favours homocoupling, while at lower TFA concentrations the catalytic species will be Pd(OAc)2-TFA which favours heterocoupling. Finally, Chapter 6 presents DFT studies on the Pd-catalyzed homocoupling and chemoselectivity of p-xylene. Pd(OTFA)2 is computed to display greater activity than Pd(OAc)2 in oxidative C-H cross coupling. Benzylic (sp3) C-H activation of p-xylene is computed to be relatively difficult compared with sp2 activation, but can nonetheless occur via an eight membered intermolecular deprotonation transition state.
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Seaton, Christopher Graham. "Specialising dynamic techniques for implementing the Ruby programming language." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/specialising-dynamic-techniques-for-implementing-the-ruby-programming-language(0899248b-bbec-4d4c-9507-f775f023407c).html.

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The Ruby programming language is dynamically typed, uses dynamic and late bound dispatch for all operators, method calls and many control structures, and provides extensive metaprogramming and introspective tooling functionality. Unlike other languages where these features are available, in Ruby their use is not avoided and key parts of the Ruby ecosystem use them extensively, even for inner-loop operations. This makes a high-performance implementation of Ruby problematic. Existing implementations either do not attempt to dynamically optimise Ruby programs, or achieve relatively limited success in optimising Ruby programs containing these features. One way that the community has worked around the limitations of existing Ruby implementations is to write extension modules in the C programming language. These are statically compiled and then dynamically linked into the Ruby implementation. Compared to equivalent Ruby, this C code is often more efficient for computationally intensive code. However the interface that these C extensions provides is defined by the non-optimising reference implementation of Ruby. Implementations which want to optimise by using different internal representations must do extensive copying to provide the same interface. This then limits the performance of the C extensions in those implementations. This leaves Ruby in the difficult position where it is not only difficult to implement the language efficiently, but the previous workaround for that problem, C extensions, also limits efforts to improve performance. This thesis describes an implementation of the Ruby programming language which embraces the Ruby language and optimises specifically for Ruby as it is used in practice. It provides a high performance implementation of Ruby's dynamic features, at the same time as providing a high performance implementation of C extensions. The implementation provides a high level of compatibility with existing Ruby implementations and does not limit the available features in order to achieve high performance. Common to all the techniques that are described in this thesis is the concept of specialisation. The conventional approach taken to optimise a dynamic language such as Ruby is to profile the program as it runs. Feedback from the profiling can then be used to specialise the program for the data and control flow it is actually experiencing. This thesis extends and advances that idea by specialising for conditions beyond normal data and control flow. Programs that call a method, or lookup a variable or constant by dynamic name rather than literal syntax can be specialised for the dynamic name by generalising inline caches. Debugging and introspective tooling is implemented by specialising the code for debug conditions such as the presence of a breakpoint or an attached tracing tool. C extensions are interpreted and dynamically optimised rather than being statically compiled, and the interface which the C code is programmed against is provided as an abstraction over the underlying implementation which can then independently specialise. The techniques developed in this thesis have a significant impact on performance of both synthetic benchmarks and kernels from real-world Ruby programs. The implementation of Ruby which has been developed achieves an order of magnitude or better increase in performance compared to the next-best implementation. In many cases the techniques are 'zero-overhead', in that the generated machine code is exactly the same for when the most dynamic features of Ruby are used, as when only static features are used.
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Johnson, Clare. "Tracing Wyville Thomson Ridge overflow water in the Rockall Trough." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2012. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/tracing-wyville-thomson-ridge-overflow-water-in-the-rockall-trough(07bd114b-bbec-4efe-9a13-783ba80ff83d).html.

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Although it has long been known that cold dense waters from the Nordic Seas overflow the Wyville Thomson Ridge, the water masses' subsequent pathways and fate have been uncertain. This study conclusively places Wyville Thomson Ridge Overflow Water (WTOW) as an important water mass in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic for the first time. Using a variety of chemical tracer s (chlorofluorocarbons, oxygen, nutrients and aluminium) in conjunction with temperature and salinity, WTOW is traced southwards into the northern and central Rockall Trough as well as into the channels between the western banks. The overflow water has a clear temperature, salinity and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11 and CFC-12) signature. Additionally, levels of aluminium are elevated in WTOW suggesting that this element is potentially a useful and novel water mass tracer. The lower oxygen layer complicates the use of dissolved oxygen and nitrate as tracers in the mid water column. However, higher and lower concentrations respectively in the western trough reveal the presence of WTOW in this area. The overflow water does not appear to have a silicate or phosphate signature. Two branches of WTOW exist in the Rockall Trough: a slow-moving indistinct intermediate branch (600-1200 m) f ound in both the east and west of the basin; and a coherent deep branch (> 1200 m) that flows southward along the western banks of the trough. As well as having a large spatial footprint within the Rockall Trough, intermediate a nd deep WTOW are temporally persistent being present 65-75 % of the time between 1975 and 2008. The signature of WTOW at intermediate depths is absent from the Ellett Line record in the mid-1980s and early-1990s. As deep WTOW is still observed during these periods flow over the Wyville Thomson Ridge cannot have ceased. Instead, it is proposed that the strength of the Subpolar Gyre is an important driver in the temporal distribution of intermediate WTOW within the Rockall Trough. When the gyre is strong, such as in the mid-1980s and early-1990s, the mid water column is dominated by waters originating from the west which block the southward flow of intermediate WTOW. In contrast, when the gyre is weak, such as in the late-1990s and 2000s, subpolar waters lie further west enabling intermediate waters within the Rockall Trough to be dominated by the southern orig inating Mediterranean Overflow Water and the northern water mass of WTOW.
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Nemetschek, Rebekka. "Das Dot-Probe-Paradigma zur Erfassung sexueller Präferenzen." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BBEC-2.

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Books on the topic "BBench"

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Grass, Jacobo. Diccionario de chilenismos: Instructivo y ameno, corrige errores del lenguaje, incluye hechos insólitos, curiosidades, anecdotas y bben humor. Santiago, Chile: Librería Colonial, 2000.

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Mustafa, K. Y., Kusano Takahisa, Kokusai Kyōryoku Jigyōdan, Sabah, and Universiti Malaysia Sabah, eds. Towards nature conservation together: Progress of BBEC programme, February 2002-September 2003). Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: BBEC Secretariat, 2003.

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Mustafa, K. Y., ed. Working together towards nature conservation for our future: Mid term progress report of BBEC programme : February 2002-November 2004. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: BBEC Secretariat, 2005.

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Maryati, Mohamed, and Bornean Biodiversity & Ecosystems Conservation Programme in Sabah., eds. Biodiversity conservation : forward together: Proceedings of the BBEC International Conference 2004, 24th-26th February 2004 at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: BBEC Secretariat, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "BBench"

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Uimonen, Paula. "Feminist Controversies in Maiduguri." In Invoking Flora Nwapa: Nigerian women writers, femininity and spirituality in world literature, 61–96. Stockholm University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbe.c.

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Uimonen, Paula. "Epilogue: Revisiting Oguta and Thanking Ogbuide." In Invoking Flora Nwapa: Nigerian women writers, femininity and spirituality in world literature, 213–24. Stockholm University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbe.h.

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"Physical Loading." In Production Ergonomics: Designing Work Systems to Support Optimal Human Performance, 49–64. Ubiquity Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bbe.c.

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"Ergonomics Evaluation Methods." In Production Ergonomics: Designing Work Systems to Support Optimal Human Performance, 139–60. Ubiquity Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bbe.h.

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Conference papers on the topic "BBench"

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Krunkosky, Thomas M., B. Heins, J. Kyser, L. Berghaus, K. Galland, C. Jarrett, and A. Woolums. "The Role Of Primary Bovine Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BBEC) In Immune Regulation Regarding Response To Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2096.

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Journal articles
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