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1

Li, Zhihua, Ran Zhang, Yaohuan Wu, Bo Tang, and Guochun Zhang. "Controlled growth of large β-BaB2O4crystals based on theoretical guidelines." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 6 (October 13, 2015): 1665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715016040.

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The diagram of phase equilibria in the BaB2O4–NaF system has been used to deduce the relationship between the cooling speed (ΔT), the pulling speed (v), the crystal radius (Rs), the slope of liquidus (m), the solution component (x) and the total quantity of melt, namely ΔT= 0.00159Rs2vmx2/G. The theoretical curves of the crystal thickness dependence on cooling rate and pulling rate have also been drawn. Under the guidance of the deduced formulas, the controlled growth of β-BaB2O4(BBO) crystals to a desired size has been achieved. A typical as-grown BBO crystal with dimensions of Ø76 × 33 mm (525.25 g) has been grown successfully by using the high-temperature top-seeded solution growth method. The measured optical homogeneity indicates that the as-grown BBO crystal has high optical quality (Δn≃ 6.9 × 10−6). The experimental curves of the crystal thicknessversusthe cooling rate and pulling rate were in line with the theoretical curves. The phenomenon of diameter shrinkage in the crystal growth has also been explained according to theory and practice. The theoretical derivation and experimental results provide the rationale for further growth of large BBO crystals with high optical quality.
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2

Wan, Songming, Xia Zhang, Sijie Zhao, Qingli Zhang, Jinglin You, Hui Chen, Guochun Zhang, and Shaotang Yin. "Growth units and growth habit of α-BaB2O4crystal." Journal of Applied Crystallography 40, no. 4 (July 13, 2007): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807024995.

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The structure of the melt near a crystal–melt interface is a fundamental problem in the dynamics of crystal growth. In this work, high-temperature Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigatein situthe structure of the melt near the α-BaB2O4(α-BBO) crystal–melt interface. A structured melt was found in this region: (B3O6)3−groups form near the interface and vanish towards the bulk melt. The crystal growth habit was then explained by the periodic bond chain (PBC) theory. At the α-BBO crystal–melt interface, the growth units, namely the (B3O6)3−anion groups and Ba2+cations, stack mainly along four types of PBCs. These four PBCs constitute three potential F faces: {10\bar{1} 2}, {01\bar{1} 4} and {10\bar{1} 10}. The predicted results are in good agreement with the observed growth habit of α-BBO crystal.
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3

Wu, Shaofan, Guofu Wang, Jianling Xie, Xiquan Wu, Yangfen Zhang, and Xiang Lin. "Growth of large birefringent α-BBO crystal." Journal of Crystal Growth 245, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(02)01693-7.

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4

Cheng, Zhaonian, Yu Lei, and Dingyuan Tang. "Molecular dynamics study of BBO crystal growth melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 183, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(97)00381-3.

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5

Fang, Zhi, Lijuan Liu, Xiaoyang Wang, and Chuangtian Chen. "Thermo-physical properties of a new UV nonlinear optical crystal: NaSr3Be3B3O9F4." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718001218.

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NaSr3Be3B3O9F4(NSBBF) as a new UV nonlinear optical crystal has aroused great interest in recent years. This study investigates the thermo-physical properties of NSBBF, including thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and specific heat, which are important parameters for applications. The specific heat of NSBBF is comparable to that of CsLiB6O10(CLBO) and larger than that of β-BaB2O4(β-BBO), indicating that NSBBF has a very high laser damage threshold. The thermal expansion coefficients of NSBBF are determined as αa= 1.05 × 10−5 K−1and αc= 1.34 × 10−5 K−1, exhibiting much smaller anisotropy than those of CLBO and β-BBO. The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of NSBBF are also obtained in the temperature region from 323 to 573 K, showing comparable anisotropies to β-BBO. All these results show that NSBBF is suitable for high-power UV laser generation.
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6

Pan, Shoukui, and Qingxi Chen. "The separation of β-BBO phase in α-BBO crystal by the irradiation of femtosecond laser." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 456, no. 1-2 (May 2008): L1—L2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.02.085.

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7

Wen, Liu, and Gao Minrong. "Inclusion observation and AEM study of new type nonlinear optical crystal β-BaB2O4." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 610–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176186.

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It is well known that β-BBO is a new type nonlinear optical crystal discovered in our institute and now β-BBO is widely used in the fields of laser and nonlinear optics.However,there are still some inclusions in β-BBO crystal grown by flux method.Using AEM technique,we have studied the shape,composition and structure of inclusions which is very helpful to the explanation of the formation of inclusions.Under optical microscope,the inclusions appear to be irregular in shape and there are some micro-cracks extending to the substrate in the boundary of large inclusions.Under scanning electron microscope,they are spongy and consist of many irregular grains surrounded by voids(Fig.1).The backscattered electron image indicates that the distribution of barium in the inclusion is inhomogeneous(Fig.2).By using electron probe micro-analysis,we studied the impurities and their distribution in the inclusions and discovered that Na element is gathered in inclusions while Ba element is much less in inclusions than in substrate(Fig.3).The distribution of Na and Ba is also inhomogeneous in inclusions.
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8

KOUTA, Hikaru, and Yasuhiko KUWANO. "Light Scattering in a Wavelength Conversion BBO Single Crystal." Review of Laser Engineering 26, no. 3 (1998): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.26.261.

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9

Wang Yanling, 王燕玲, 李贤 Li Xian, 周绪桂 Zhou Xugui, 吴洪 Wu Hong, 徐世祥 Xu Shixiang, and 丁良恩 Ding Liangen. "Experimental Research of Cascading Nonlinear Effect in BBO Crystal." Acta Optica Sinica 28, no. 9 (2008): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20082809.1761.

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10

Yu, Pingsheng, Liangbi Su, Feng Wu, and Jun Xu. "The spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ doped α-BBO crystal." Optics Communications 285, no. 10-11 (May 2012): 2665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.02.027.

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11

Xia, Lixian, Geng Zhang, Xinzhao Xia, Yagang Li, Jiao Wang, Jianhua Xu, and Huilu Wu. "Synthesis, structure, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties of a binuclear Ag(I) complex with 1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)butane as a ligand." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2019-0198.

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AbstractReaction of 1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)butane (BBO) with [Ag(CH3CN)4(ClO4)] afforded a new binuclear silver(I) complex, with composition [Ag2(BBO)2(ClO4)2], characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that the Ag(I) complex consists of a centrosymmetric dimetallacyclic structure assembled from two Ag(I) atoms and two bridging BBO ligands. The coordination environment of silver(I) complex can be described as distorted trigonal planar, with one oxygen atom from a perchlorate anion and two nitrogen atoms from two BBO ligands. The luminescence properties of the ligand and the Ag(I) complex were studied in the solid state. The emission peaks of the Ag(I) complex are attributed to ligand-centered transitions. There is no effect of the complexation except for a partial quenching. The cyclic voltammograms of the Ag(I) complex indicated an irreversible Ag+/Ag couple.
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12

Shunxing Tang, 唐顺兴, 欧阳小平 Xiaoping Ouyang, 季来林 Lailin Ji, 刘崇 Chong Liu, 张艳丽 Yanli Zhang, 李小燕 Xiaoyan Li, 黄奎喜 Kuixi Huang, 朱宝强 Baoqiang Zhu, 朱健强 Jianqiang Zhu, and 林尊琪 Zunqi Lin. "Phase mismatching analysis of third-harmonic generation in BBO crystal." Chinese Optics Letters 8, no. 6 (2010): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col20100806.0612.

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13

Shao, Min, Shao-lin Xue, and Zun-qi Lin. "A theoretical evaluation of optical parametric amplification in BBO crystal." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 9, no. 1 (February 2005): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-005-0101-3.

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14

Liu, Junfang, Xiaoming He, Jun Xu, Guoqing Zhou, Shengming Zhou, Guangjun Zhao, and Shuzhi Li. "The study on properties of Sr2+-doped α-BBO crystal." Journal of Crystal Growth 260, no. 3-4 (January 2004): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.09.038.

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15

Xu, Zijie. "Study on the effects of volatiles on BBO crystal growth." Journal of Crystal Growth 265, no. 3-4 (May 2004): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.02.102.

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16

Kobayashi, Takayoshi, Zhuan Wang, and Jun Liu. "Modulated Noncollinear Optical Parametric Amplifier Output Induced by Stimulated Raman Scattering." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 7578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167578.

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We studied spectra of the amplified signal from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) based on a Ti:sapphire laser and BBO crystal gain medium. The signal shows characteristic structures with periodic intensity variations in the signal during the parametric amplification processes in a BBO crystal. This phenomenon is attributed to the stimulated Raman process excited by the pump pulse affected by the phase-matching condition of four-wave mixing. The effect of this stimulated Raman process on optical parametric amplification and on final pulse compression of the signal was analyzed. The results demonstrate that caution must be taken when constructing a NOPA. Specifically, great care must be taken not to use mirrors with non-uniform spectral reflectivity for obtaining a stable pulse in terms of both temporal and spectral shapes.
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17

Sinkevičius, Giedrius, and Algirdas Baškys. "Investigation of Pockels Cells Crystal Contrast Ratio Distribution." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1031.

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The BBO Pockel’s cell has been investigated. The investigation results of optimal operating area on the surface of the crystal dependent of intrinsic contrast ratio (ICR) and voltage contrast ratio (VCR) for Pockel’s cell are presented. The block diagram of Pockel’s cells contrast measurement stand and measurement methodology are introduced and discussed. The graphs of intrinsic contrast ratio distribution on crystal surface, contrast ratio with voltage dependency and voltage contrast ratio distribution on crystal surface with half-wave voltage are presented.
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18

Zhu, Jianqiang, Xinglong Xie, Meizhi Sun, Qunyu Bi, and Jun Kang. "A Novel Femtosecond Laser System for Attosecond Pulse Generation." Advances in Optical Technologies 2012 (January 15, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/908976.

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We report a novel ultrabroadband high-energy femtosecond laser to be built in our laboratory. A 7-femtosecond pulse is firstly stretched by an eight-pass offner stretcher with a chirp rate 15 ps/nm, and then energy-amplified by a two-stage optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA). The first stage as preamplification with three pieces of BBO crystals provides the majority of the energy gain. At the second stage, a YCOB crystal with the aperture of ~50 mm is used instead of the KDP crystal as the gain medium to ensure the shortest pulse. After the completion, the laser will deliver about 8 J with pulse duration of about 10 femtoseconds, which should be beneficial to the attosecond pulse generation and other ultrafast experiments.
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19

LU SHI-PING, YUAN YI-QIAN, YANG LI-SHU, and WU CUN-KAI. "HIGH POWER SUM FREQUENCY GENERATION OF 230.8—223.2nm IN BBO CRYSTAL." Acta Physica Sinica 39, no. 2 (1990): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.39.190.

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20

Bi, Jie, Xing Liu, Yuhua Li, and Peixiang Lu. "Colored conical emission in BBO crystal induced by intense femtosecond pulses." Optics Communications 284, no. 2 (January 2011): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.09.053.

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21

Krylov, V., J. Gallus, U. P. Wild, A. Kalintsev, and A. Rebane. "Femtosecond noncollinear and collinear parametric generation and amplification in BBO crystal." Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050026.

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22

Li, Ma Guo, Yi Hou Hui, Chen Qing Dong, Ji Yan Jun, and Han Jing Wei. "Fourth-Harmonic Generation of High-Repetition Femtoscond Ti:Sapphire Laser by a BBO Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.76.

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Fourth-harmonic generation of an 82MHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser oscillator has been demonstrated by the sequential sum-frequency mixing design with BBO crystals. Frequency quadrupling of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser results in maximum average power of 7mW at 82 MHz with the pulse duration of 200fs. The shortest wavelength achieved is 196.5 nm.
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23

Magnitskiy, S. A., P. P. Gostev, D. N. Frolovtsev, and V. V. Firsov. "Characterization of polarization-angular spectrum of type-I SPDC in BBO crystal." Moscow University Physics Bulletin 70, no. 5 (September 2015): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134915050094.

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24

Yang Sheng, 杨盛, 黄小军 Huang Xiaojun, 吴朝辉 Wu Zhaohui, 邱荣 Qiu Rong, 王俊波 Wang Junbo, and 李超 Li Chao. "Broadband Frequency Doubling of Er-Fiber Mode-Locked Laser in BBO Crystal." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 52, no. 12 (2015): 121901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop52.121901.

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25

Pang, Dongqing, Ruobing Zhang, Jinghua Sun, and Qingyue Wang. "Theoretical analysis of noncollinear phase-matched optical parametric generation in BBO crystal." Optics & Laser Technology 33, no. 4 (June 2001): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(01)00033-0.

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26

Petrov, T. S., N. V. Sabotinov, S. T. Trendafilov, Lin Fucheng, and Zhang Guiyan. "Nonlinear frequency conversion of CuBr vapour laser emission by a BBO crystal." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 25, no. 8 (August 14, 1992): 1169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/25/8/003.

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27

Jie, Bi, Li Yu-Hua, Yin Juan-Juan, and Lu Pei-Xiang. "Coloured Conical Emission in BBO Crystal Pumped by Second Harmonic Femtosecond Pulses." Chinese Physics Letters 26, no. 1 (January 2009): 014207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/26/1/014207.

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28

Abdul Rahman, Muhammad, and Ibrahim Alghoraibi. "Theoretical investigation of phase-mismatched second-harmonic conversion efficiency in BBO crystal." Optik 161 (May 2018): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.01.126.

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29

YIN Juan-juan, 尹娟娟, 俞侃 YU Kan, and 包佳祺 BAO Jia-qi. "Spontaneous Parametric down Conversion in Type-I BBO Crystal Pumped by Femtosecond Pulses." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, no. 9 (2011): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114009.1376.

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30

Zhang, Jiale, Jian Ma, Tingting Lu, Jianlei Wang, Xiaolei Zhu, and Weibiao Chen. "16.9 MW, efficient 486.1 nm blue optical parametric oscillator using single BBO crystal." Laser Physics Letters 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/abd3f9.

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31

Li, Ziqi, Chen Cheng, Carolina Romero, Qingming Lu, Javier Rodríguez Vázquez de Aldana, and Feng Chen. "Low-loss optical waveguides in β-BBO crystal fabricated by femtosecond-laser writing." Optical Materials 73 (November 2017): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.07.049.

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32

Wang, B. G., Z. P. Lu, W. Shi, and W. Z. Zhong. "Twinning Morphologies and Mechanisms of β-BaB2O4 (BBO) Crystal Grown by TSSG Method." Crystal Research and Technology 33, no. 6 (1998): 929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4079(1998)33:6<929::aid-crat929>3.0.co;2-4.

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33

Zhang, Jiale, Jian Ma, Tingting Lu, Jianlei Wang, Xiaolei Zhu, and Weibiao Chen. "16.9 MW, efficient 486.1 nm blue optical parametric oscillator using single BBO crystal." Laser Physics Letters 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/abd3f9.

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34

You Lang-Fang, Ling Wei-Jun, Li Ke, Zhang Ming-Xia, Zuo Yin-Yan, and wang Yi-Shan. "High efficient CEP-stabilized infrared optical parametric amplifier made from a BBO single crystal." Acta Physica Sinica 63, no. 21 (2014): 214203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.63.214203.

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35

Li Kun, 李琨, 张彬 Zhang Bin, 刁煦 Diao Xu, and 李恪宇 Li Keyu. "Third Harmonic Generation Experiment of Super Intense Femtosecond Laser with a Single BBO Crystal." Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, no. 7 (2008): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083507.0976.

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36

Ye, Rong, Bin Zhang, and Nian-chun Sun. "SNR improvement based on non-collinear OPCPA with angular spectral dispersion in BBO crystal." Optics Communications 322 (July 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.02.001.

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37

Wang, B. G., A. Voigt, and Z. P. Lu. "Effect of the Temperature Fluctuation of the Melt on β-BaB2O4 (BBO) Crystal Growth." Crystal Research and Technology 36, no. 11 (November 2001): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4079(200111)36:11<1239::aid-crat1239>3.0.co;2-7.

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38

Bolt, R. J., and P. Bennema. "Morphology of β-BaB2O4(BBO) in relation to its crystal structure and growth conditions." Journal of Applied Crystallography 26, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889892013517.

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39

Bhar, Gopal C., Pathik Kumbhakar, Udit Chatterjee, Anil K. Chaudhary, and Alexander Kokh. "Highly efficient deep ultraviolet generation by sum-frequency mixing in a BBO crystal pair." Pramana 59, no. 1 (July 2002): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-002-0033-4.

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40

Dubietis, A., G. Jonušauskas, and A. Piskarskas. "Powerful femtosecond pulse generation by chirped and stretched pulse parametric amplification in BBO crystal." Optics Communications 88, no. 4-6 (April 1992): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90070-8.

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41

Belyi, V. N., N. V. Kondratyuk, A. A. Shagov, and A. G. Mashchenko. "Parametric amplification of light in a BBO crystal with pumping by YAG:Nd laser radiation." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 67, no. 2 (March 2000): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681861.

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42

Perlov, D., and M. Roth. "Low-temperature synthesis of starting materials for β-barium metaborate (β-BBO) crystal growth." Journal of Crystal Growth 130, no. 3-4 (June 1993): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(93)90558-e.

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43

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Computation of The Efficiency ofHarmonic Generation Using Cascading Configuration." Baghdad Science Journal 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2004): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.1.1.138-143.

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In the present work theoretical relations are derived for the efficiency evaluation for the generation of the third and the fourth harmonics u$ing crystal cascading configuration. These relations can be applied to a wide class of nonlinear optical materials. Calculations are made for beta barium borate (BBO) crystal with ruby laser /.=694.3 nm . The case study involves producing the third harmonics at X. =231.4 nm of the fundamental beam. The formula of efficiency involves many parameters, which can be changed to enhance the efficiency. The results showed that the behavior of the efficiency is not linear with the crystal length. It is found that the efficiency increases when the input power increases. 'I'he walk-off length is calculated for different spot sizes. It is found that when the spot size increases , the walk-off length increases too.
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44

TORII, SHUICHI, and WEN-JEI YANG. "NUMERICAL STUDY ON NATURAL CONVECTION OF A GROWING CRYSTAL IN SOLUTION LAYER CAVITY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 09, no. 03 (September 2009): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951940900305x.

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Numerical study is performed on the thermal fluid-flow transport phenomena in a disk-shape cavity. Consideration is given to the movement and growth of the crystal in solution layer. Here the lysozyme is employed as the crystal. The mechanism is numerically investigated by solving the two-dimensional governing equations through discretization by means of a finite-difference technique and simultaneously the crystal movement is predicted by the Basset–Boussinesq–Oseen (BBO) equation. It is found that (i) the crystal circulates in the cavity with fluid current and shows the circulation pattern of a donut shape, like the flow in a typical Benard cell, (ii) when the particle makes the second circulation with a larger loop, it falls on to the bottom near the vertical side-wall, and (iii) the size of the falling particle becomes larger as the Rayleigh number, i.e. the temperature difference between the heat sink and the vertical side-wall is increased.
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45

HE JING-LIANG, LU XING-QIANG, JIA YU-LEI, MAN BAO-YUAN, ZHU SHI-NING, and ZHU YONG -YUAN. "ALL-SOLID-STATE Nd:YVO4 UV LASER AT 266nm BY FOURTH HARMONIC USING A BBO CRYSTAL." Acta Physica Sinica 49, no. 10 (2000): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.49.2106.

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46

Hu Miao, Ge Jian-Hong, Chen Jun, and Liu Chong. "The relation between UV conversion efficiency and focused green Gaussian beam waist in BBO crystal." Acta Physica Sinica 58, no. 3 (2009): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.58.1719.

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47

Wu, Feng-Tie, and Wen-Zhen Zhang. "Consideration of angular acceptance angle in BBO crystal on a highly efficient second harmonic generation." Optics & Laser Technology 30, no. 3-4 (April 1998): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(98)00032-2.

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48

Zhang, Shian, Xiangyun Zhang, Jianhua Huang, Li Deng, Zhenrong Sun, Weiping Zhang, Zugeng Wang, Zhizhan Xu, and Ruxin Li. "Coherent enhancement of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal by shaping femtosecond laser pulses." Optics Communications 271, no. 2 (March 2007): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.10.060.

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49

Shi, Mengjing, Ge Zhang, Bingxuan Li, Renfu Li, Tao Yan, Min Luo, and Ning Ye. "Efficient frequency conversion for cubic harmonic generation at 266 nm in centrosymmetric α-BBO crystal." Optics Letters 43, no. 8 (April 10, 2018): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.001734.

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Wang, B. G., Z. P. Lu, W. Shi, and W. Z. Zhong. "Erratum to: Twinning Morphologies and Mechanisms of β-BaB2O4 (BBO) Crystal Grown by TSSG Method." Crystal Research and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (June 1999): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4079(199906)34:5/6<564::aid-crat564>3.0.co;2-0.

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