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Journal articles on the topic 'BCC structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Sun, Hong Fei, Nana Guo, Can Ming Wang, Zhong Li Li, and Hai Yun Zhu. "Study of the Microstructure of High-Entropy Alloys AlFeCuCoNiCrTi_X (x=0, 05, 1.0)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.894.

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The microstructure of high-entropy Alloys AlFeCuCoNiCrTix (x=0, 05, 1.0) with different titanium contents had been studied. The results showed that: (1) The microstructure of AlFeCuCoNiCrTix exhibited the trend from dendritic structure to eutectic-cell structure as the titanium contents increasing and spinodal decomposition, nanoprecipitation and amorphous phase can be also observed; (2) Composition segregation appeared (especially Cu) and Ti promoted the segregation of Cu; (3) Alloys was consisted of FCC and BCC, and phases gradually converted from FCC+BCC1 to FCC+BCC1+BCC2 with addition of titanium and BCC2 became the leading phase; (4) Both ordering and spinodal decomposition coincided due to the difference of atomic size and high entropy effect.

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2

Iwasaki, H., and T. Kikegawa. "Structural Systematics of the High-Pressure Phases of Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768196015479.

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New structural systematics of the high-pressure phases of the title elements are given on the basis of the results obtained in our diffraction studies and the results from the literature. Although the structural transition sequence with increasing pressure appears to be different for the four elements, reinterpretation of the structure data has shown that it is expressed in a systematic way as follows P A17–A7–PSC As A7–PSC–dist. BCC–BCC Sb A7–dist. BCC–BCC Bi A7–dist. PSC–dist. BCC–BCC. Notations used are A17 (orthorhombic layered structure), A7 (rhombohedral layered structure), PSC (primitive simple cubic structure), dist. PSC (monoclinic structure which is regarded as a distorted PSC), BCC (body-centered cubic structure) and dist. BCC (tetragonal structure which is regarded as a distorted BCC). Phosphorus lacks the post-PSC phases, but it is likely that the same transition sequence as that of arsenic is seen under extremely high pressure. Discussion is made on how the network of the densest atomic plane changes through the structural transition sequence.

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3

Sugimoto, T., Y. Akahama, T. Ichikawa, H. Fujihisa, N. Hirao, and Y. Ohishi. "Bcc-fcc structure transition of Te." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 500, no. 19 (May 7, 2014): 192018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/500/19/192018.

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4

Bai, Long, Changyan Yi, Xiaohong Chen, Yuanxi Sun, and Junfang Zhang. "Effective Design of the Graded Strut of BCC Lattice Structure for Improving Mechanical Properties." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132192.

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In order improve the poor mechanical properties of the body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice structure, which suffers from the stress concentration effects at the nodes of the BCC unit cell, a graded-strut design method is proposed to increase the radii corner of the BCC nodes, which can obtain a new graded-strut body-centred cubic (GBCC) unit cell. After the relative density equation and the force model of the structure are obtained, the quasi-static uniaxial compression experiments and finite element analysis (FEA) of GBCC samples and BCC samples are performed. The experimental results show that for the fabricated samples with the same relative density, the GBCC can increase the initial stiffness by at least 38.20%, increase the plastic failure strength by at least 34.12%, compared with the BCC. Coupled experimental and numerical results not only suggest that the GBCC has better mechanical and impact resistance properties than the BCC, but also indicate that as the radii corner increases, the stress concentration effect at the node and the mechanical properties will be improved, which validates the proposed design method for graded-strut unit cells and can provide guidance for the design and future research on ultra-light lattice structures in related fields.

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5

Liu, Li, Ramesh Paudel, Yong Liu, Xiao-Liang Zhao, and Jing-Chuan Zhu. "Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Structural, Phase Stability and Elastic Properties of AlCrTiFeNi Multi-Principle Element Alloy." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194353.

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The fundamental challenge for creating the crystal structure model used in a multi-principle element design is the ideal combination of atom components, structural stability, and deformation behavior. However, most of the multi-principle element alloys contain expensive metallic and rare earth elements, which could limit their applicability. Here, a novel design of low-cost AlCrTiFeNi multi-principle element alloy is presented to study the relationship of structure, deformation behavior, and micro-mechanism. This structured prediction of single-phase AlCrTiFeNi by the atomic-size difference, mixing enthalpy ΔHmix and valence electron concentration (VEC), indicate that we can choose the bcc-structured solid solution to design the AlCrTiFeNi multi-principle element alloy. Structural stability prediction by density functional theory calculations (DFT) of single phases has verified that the most advantageous atom occupancy position is (FeCrNi)(AlFeTi). The experimental results showed that the structure of AlCrTiFeNi multi-principle element alloy is bcc1 + bcc2 + L12 phases, which we propose as the fundamental reason for the high strength. Our findings provide a new route by which to design and obtain multi-principle element alloys with targeted properties based on the theoretical predictions, first-principles calculations, and experimental verification.

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6

Kitamura, Shinya, Hiroo Hata, Keisuke Imafuku, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "Basal Cell Carcinoma or Trichoblastoma Dermoscopic Examination of Black Macules Developing in the Same Nevus Sebaceus." Case Reports in Oncology 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2016): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443162.

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Nevus sebaceus (NS) is a common congenital birthmark, and various tumors have been reported to develop in NS. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) seldom occurs in NS, and it is very important to be able to clinicopathologically distinguish BCC from trichoblastoma. Herein, we describe a case of BCC and trichoblastoma occurring simultaneously in the same NS, including the differential dermoscopic features. BCC is clinically difficult to distinguish from trichoblastoma because the clinical manifestations are similar. In a dermoscopic examination of BCC, arborizing vessels are one of the diagnostically significant features. In our case, the BCC showed ‘multiple' black structures, and the trichoblastoma showed a ‘single' black structure without arborizing vessels. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on the dermoscopic findings of secondary tumors on NS.

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7

Liu, Amy Y., and David J. Singh. "bcc cobalt: Metastable phase or forced structure?" Journal of Applied Physics 73, no. 10 (May 15, 1993): 6189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352693.

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8

Guo, Shu, Kelly M. Powderly, and R. J. Cava. "Synthesis, structure, and magnetism of BCC KIrO3." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 34 (2020): 12018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01836h.

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9

Brener, N. E., G. Fuster, J. Callaway, J. L. Fry, and Y. Z. Zhao. "Magnetic structure of bcc and fcc manganese." Journal of Applied Physics 63, no. 8 (April 15, 1988): 4057–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340546.

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10

Pradhan, Ranjit D., John A. Bloodgood, and George H. Watson. "Photonic band structure of bcc colloidal crystals." Physical Review B 55, no. 15 (April 15, 1997): 9503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.9503.

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11

Brookes, N. B., A. Clarke, and P. D. Johnson. "Electronic and magnetic structure of bcc nickel." Physical Review B 46, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.237.

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12

Leung, T. C., X. W. Wang, and B. N. Harmon. "Spin-polarized electronic structure of bcc Gd." Physica B+C 149, no. 1-3 (March 1988): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(88)90230-6.

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13

Nolting, W., A. Vega, and Th Fauster. "Electronic quasiparticle structure of ferromagnetic bcc iron." Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter 96, no. 3 (September 1995): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01313058.

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14

Ohtake, Mitsuru, Shigeyuki Minakawa, and Masaaki Futamoto. "Preparation of 3d Ferromagnetic Transition Metal Thin Films with Metastable bcc Structure on GaAs(100) Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.478.

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Ni, permalloy (Py: Ni - 20 at. % Fe), and Co films of 40 nm thickness are prepared on GaAs (100) single-crystal substrates at room temperature and 200 °C by magnetron sputtering. The growth behavior and crystallographic properties are studied. In early stages of film growth, metastable bcc single-crystals nucleate on the substrates for all the film materials. The crystal structure is stabilized through hetero-epitaxial growth. With increasing the thickness beyond 2 nm, the bcc structure starts to transform into fcc or hcp structure through atomic displacements parallel to the bcc {110} close-packed planes. The transformation orientation relationships are fcc {111}<10>, hcp {0001}<110> || bcc {110}<001>. The resulting Ni and Py films consist of a mixture of bcc and fcc phases, whereas the Co films involve an hcp phase in addition to the metastable bcc phase.

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15

Carpenter, R. W., Changhai Li, and David J. Smith. "Transition alpha structure in beta-isomorphous Nb-Hf alloys." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100126068.

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Binary Nb-Hf alloys exhibit a wide bcc solid solution phase field at temperatures above the Hfα→ß transition (2023K) and a two phase bcc+hcp field at lower temperatures. The β solvus exhibits a small slope above about 1500K, suggesting the possible existence of a miscibility gap. An earlier investigation showed that two morphological forms of precipitate occur during the bcc→hcp transformation. The equilibrium morphology is rod-type with axes along <113> bcc. The crystallographic habit of the rod precipitate follows the Burgers relations: {110}||{0001}, <112> || <1010>. The earlier metastable form, transition α, occurs as thin discs with {100} habit. The {100} discs induce large strains in the matrix. Selected area diffraction examination of regions ∼2 microns in diameter containing many disc precipitates showed that, a diffuse intensity distribution whose symmetry resembled the distribution of equilibrium α Bragg spots was associated with the disc precipitate.

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16

Yavari, A. R., S. Gialanella, T. Benameur, R. W. Cahn, and B. Bochu. "On the bcc, fcc, hcp, and amorphous polymorphs of Zr3Al." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 2 (February 1993): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0242.

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Rapid solidification of the Zr3Al liquid alloy allows retention of the high temperature β–Zr solid solution with bcc structure. Mechanical grinding is shown to amorphize this metastable phase very easily. Calculations show that the retained bcc phase has a free energy above that of the amorphous phase. The density of bcc Zr3Al at room temperature is found to be 2% lower than that of its equilibrium L12-ordered fcc structure as determined from their respective lattice parameters. The bcc phase thus represents a 2% volume expansion with respect to the fcc structure.

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17

Wen, Jing, Xin Chu, Yuankui Cao, and Na Li. "Effects of Al on Precipitation Behavior of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Refractory High Entropy Alloys." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030514.

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Addition of Al can decrease density and improve oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs), but may cause complicated precipitation and further affect mechanical properties. The present work studied the microstructural evolution of Al-contained RHEAs at elevated temperatures. The effects of Al on precipitation behavior were discussed. Results show that, TiNbTa0.5ZrAlx alloys (x ≤ 0.5) have single BCC (Body Centered Cubic) structure, but the primary BCC phase is supersaturated. Precipitation of BCC2(Nb,Ta)-rich solid solution phase, HCP(Zr,Al)-rich intermetallic phase, and ordered B2 phase can occur during heat treatment at 600~1200 °C. The precipitation of BCC2 phase mainly exists in RHEAs with low content of Al, while HCP (Hexagonal Close Packed) precipitates prefer to form in RHEAs with high content of Al. Interestingly, ordered B2 precipitates with fine and basket-weave structure can form in TiNbTa0.5ZrAl0.5 alloy after annealing at 800 °C, producing significant precipitation hardening effect.

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18

Wang, Chun Wei, Zhuo Qiang Mo, and Jian Jiang Tang. "The Study about Microstructure Characterization of AlCoCrTiNiCu_x High Entropy Alloy System with Multi-Principal Element." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.3.

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The microstructure and phase structure of AlCoCrTiNiCu_x which are made of six class transition metal elements have been studied in this paper. The results indicated that the change process of microcosmic crystal-structure of the five group high entropy alloy of AlCoCrTiNiCu_x system is transformed from FCC（mainly）+ BCC crystal structure (X=0.5、X=0.8) to FCC+BCC+ primary lattice crystal structure (X=1.0、X=1.2), finally, the crystal-structure turn into BCC+ primary lattice crystal structure as the content of Cu further increasing.

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19

Liu, Xiaoyang, Keito Sekizawa, Asuka Suzuki, Naoki Takata, Makoto Kobashi, and Tetsuya Yamada. "Compressive Properties of Al-Si Alloy Lattice Structures with Three Different Unit Cells Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132902.

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In the present study, in order to elucidate geometrical features dominating deformation behaviors and their associated compressive properties of lattice structures, AlSi10Mg lattice structures with three different unit cells were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. Compressive properties were examined by compression and indentation tests, micro X-ray computed tomography (CT), together with finite element analysis. The truncated octahedron- unit cell (TO) lattice structures exhibited highest stiffness and plateau stress among the studied lattice structures. The body centered cubic-unit cell (BCC) and TO lattice structures experienced the formation of shear bands with stress drops, while the hexagon-unit cell (Hexa) lattice structure behaved in a continuous deformation and flat plateau region. The Hexa lattice structure densified at a smaller strain than the BCC and TO lattice structures, due to high density of the struts in the compressive direction. Static and high-speed indentation tests revealed that the TO and Hexa exhibited slight strain rate dependence of the compressive strength, whereas the BCC lattice structure showed a large strain rate dependence. Among the lattice structures in the present study, the TO lattice exhibited the highest energy absorption capacity comparable to previously reported titanium alloy lattice structures.

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20

Sherby, Oleg D., J. Wadsworth, D. R. Lesuer, and C. K. Syn. "Structure and Hardness of Martensite in Quenched Fe-C Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.160.

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The exceptional high hardness of lath martensite in quenched Fe-C steels is explained by the Engel-Brewer valence electron theory for crystal structures. The theory predicts the transformation sequence FCC-HCP-BCC with FCC iron as Fe3v, HCP iron as Fe2v, BCC iron as Fe1v and carbon as C4v. Electronic compatibility requires transformation from FCC to HCP to form two separate components. Carbon-rich clusters of C4v with 8 Fe3v atoms are distributed uniformly in a carbon-free matrix of HCP Fe2v atoms. The carbon-iron clusters are viewed as particle-like, calculated as 0.63 nm in size, and is responsible for the high strength of martensite. The carbon-free region experiences shear deformation during FCC to HCP transformation leading to work hardened fine grains. Subsequent transformation to BCC iron maintains the same size carbon cluster with additional shearing deformation during HCP to BCC formation in the carbon-free region. Tempering studies of quenched martensite are shown to support the carbon-iron cluster model.

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21

Wen, Zhiqin, Zhengguang Zou, Shuchao Zhang, and Yuhong Zhao. "First-principles study of phase stability, elastic and thermodynamic properties of AlCrFeNi medium-entropy alloys." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 25 (September 15, 2020): 2050218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220502185.

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We have applied the first-principles method to predict the phase stability, elastic and thermodynamic properties of ternary (AlCrFe, AlCrNi, CrFeNi and AlFeNi) and quaternary (AlCrFeNi) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). Both body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) disordered structures are described using the special quasi-random structures (SQSs) technique. AlCrFe, AlCrNi and AlCrFeNi are favorable in single BCC structures, while CrFeNi is likely to form a single FCC structure. Addition of Ni help stabilizes AlCrFeNi quaternary MEAs. Al and Cr addition are in favor of the formation of BCC AlCrFeNi. Addition of Al, Cr and Ni reduce the resistance to volume deformation for quaternary AlCrFeNi due to the effect of the average number of [Formula: see text]-electrons. The ternary MEAs have better resistance to shear deformation and elastic stiffness than quaternary AlCrFeNi. In addition, all the considered MEAs embody elastic anisotropy and AlCrFeNi are predicted to be ductile behavior. Finally, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, constant volume heat capacity, vibrational and electronic entropy, and Helmholtz free energies of stable BCC AlCrFeNi, BCC AlCrFe, BCC AlCrNi and FCC CrFeNi are calculated using the Debye–Grüneisen model in temperature ranging from 0 to 1200 K to elucidate the relationships between thermodynamic parameters and temperature.

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22

Магомедов, М. Н. "Изучение ГЦК-ОЦК фазового перехода в сплаве Au-Fe." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 11 (2021): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.11.51583.145.

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The properties of the disordered Au-Fe substitution alloy are studied based on the analytical method, which uses the paired interatomic potential of Mie–Lennard-Jones. The parameters of the interatomic potential for the FCC and BCC structures of Au and Fe are determined. Based on these parameters, the concentration dependences of the properties of the FCC and BCC structures of the Au-Fe alloy are calculated. Under normal conditions (i.e., pressure P = 0 and temperature T = 300 K), changes in the properties of the Au-Fe alloy at the structural phase transition of FCC-BCC are calculated. Using the RP-model of the nanocrystal, the displacement of the Cf concentration, at which the FCC-BCC phase transition occurs, due to a decrease in the size of the nanoparticle was calculated. It is shown that at an isochoric-isothermal decrease in the number of atoms (N) in an Au-Fe nanoparticle, the Cf value displace towards higher Fe concentrations. For a nanoparticle with a fixed number of atoms and a constant surface shape, the Cf value increases at an isochoric increase in temperature, and the Cf value decreases at an isothermal decrease in density. Calculations have shown that at N < 59900 for the Au1–CFeC alloy at P = 0, T < 300 K and at any iron concentration, the FCC structure is more stable than the BCC structure.

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23

Han, C., S. Yang, K. G. Chang, P. P. Wang, Ri-ichi Murakami, and X. P. Song. "Structure transition and magnetism of bcc-Ni nanowires." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 5 (2015): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02428a.

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24

Jani, A. R., N. E. Brener, and J. Callaway. "Band structure and related properties of bcc niobium." Physical Review B 38, no. 14 (November 15, 1988): 9425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.38.9425.

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25

Kassan-Ogly, F. A., V. E. Arkhipov, and A. E. Shestakov. "Phase transitions in crystals with a BCC structure." Physics of Metals and Metallography 109, no. 6 (June 2010): 568–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x10060025.

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26

Melsen, Joost, J. M. Wills, Börje Johansson, and Olle Eriksson. "Prediction of a bcc structure in compressed yttrium." Physical Review B 48, no. 21 (December 1, 1993): 15574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.15574.

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27

Mijiritskii, A. V., P. J. M. Smulders, V. Ya Chumanov, O. C. Rogojanu, M. A. James, and D. O. Boerma. "Structure of Ni overlayers on bcc Fe(100)." Physical Review B 58, no. 14 (October 1, 1998): 8960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.8960.

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28

Sun, Dongsheng, Musen Li, Yong Zou, Rui Yang, and Fengzhao Li. "A model for dynamic recovery of bcc structure." Chinese Science Bulletin 42, no. 14 (July 1997): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02882851.

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29

Elzain, M. E. "Magnetic structure of supersaturated iron-phosphorous BCC alloys." Physica B: Condensed Matter 173, no. 3 (September 1991): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(91)90086-t.

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30

Dekoster, J., E. Jedryka, M. Wójcik, and G. Langouche. "Structure and magnetism in bcc Co/Fe superlattices." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 126, no. 1-3 (September 1993): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(93)90531-6.

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31

Firstov, S. A., and G. F. Sarzhan. "Dislocation structure and deformation hardening of bcc metals." Soviet Physics Journal 34, no. 3 (March 1991): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00894923.

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32

Liu, L. C., and H. R. Gong. "Hydrogen solubility and diffusivity at Σ3 grain boundary of PdCu." RSC Advances 11, no. 22 (2021): 13644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10133h.

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33

Sagaradze, V. V., T. N. Kochetkova, N. V. Kataeva, K. A. Kozlov, V. A. Zavalishin, N. F. Vil’danova, V. S. Ageev, M. V. Leont’eva-Smirnova, and A. A. Nikitina. "Structure and creep of Russian reactor steels with a BCC structure." Physics of Metals and Metallography 118, no. 5 (May 2017): 494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x17050131.

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34

HAUCK, J., and K. MIKA. "STRUCTURE MAPS OF SURFACE STRUCTURES." Surface Review and Letters 07, no. 01n02 (February 2000): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x00000075.

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The adatom positions of adsorbates like A=H, Se, Xe on (100) or (111) surfaces of bcc or ccp metals and related compounds like hcp metals, NaCl or ZnS form a square, hexagonal, honeycomb or Kagomé net. The ordered structures can be characterized by the self-coordination numbers of nearest, next-nearest and third neighbors T1, T2, T3 and the T1, T2 values plotted in structure maps for a constant ratio of vacant/occupied sites. Most experimental structures have a single coordination of all A atoms. The interactions between A atoms are attractive for chains of A atoms with T1=2 and repulsive for T1=0 or T1=T2=0. The structures with intermediate T1, T2 values can be characterized by sequences of structural units like squares or hexagons with a different occupation of the corners by A atoms.

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35

Shun, Tao-Tsung, and Wei-Jhe Hung. "Effects of Cr Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrxFeNi High-Entropy Alloy." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5826467.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of Cr content on the crystal structure, microstructure, and mechanical properties of four AlCoCrxFeNi (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0, in molar ratio) high-entropy alloys. AlCoCr0.3FeNi alloy contains duplex phases, which are ordered BCC phase and FCC phase. As the Cr content increases to x = 1.0, the FCC phase disappears and the microstructure exhibits a spinodal structure formed by a BCC phase and an ordered BCC phase. This result indicates that Cr is a BCC former in AlCoCrxFeNi alloys. With increasing Cr content, the alloy hardness increases from HV415 to HV498. AlCoCr0.3FeNi, AlCoCr0.5FeNi, and AlCoCr0.7FeNi exhibit a high compressive fracture strain of about 0.24 because of the formation of the FCC phase in the BCC matrix. Moreover, the highest yield stress of 1394 MPa and compressive strength of 1841 MPa presented by AlCoCrFeNi alloy are due to the existence of a nano-net-like spinodal structure.

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36

Alwattar, Tahseen, and Ahsan Mian. "Development of an Elastic Material Model for BCC Lattice Cell Structures Using Finite Element Analysis and Neural Networks Approaches." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020033.

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Lattice cell structures (LCS) are being investigated for applications in sandwich composites. To obtain an optimized design, finite element analysis (FEA) -based computational approach can be used for detailed analyses of such structures, sometime at full scale. However, developing a large-scale model for a lattice-based structure is computationally expensive. If an equivalent solid FEA model can be developed using the equivalent solid mechanical properties of a lattice structure, the computational time will be greatly reduced. The main idea of this research is to develop a material model which is equivalent to the mechanical response of a lattice structure. In this study, the mechanical behavior of a body centered cubic (BCC) configuration under compression and within elastic limit is considered. First, the FEA approach and theoretical calculations are used on a single unit cell BCC for several cases (different strut diameters and cell sizes) to predict equivalent solid properties. The results are then used to develop a neural network (NN) model so that the equivalent solid properties of a BCC lattice of any configuration can be predicted. The input data of NN are bulk material properties and output data are equivalent solid mechanical properties. Two separate FEA models are then developed for samples under compression: one with 5 × 5 × 4 cell BCC and one completely solid with equivalent solid properties obtained from NN. In addition, 5 × 5 × 4 cell BCC LCS specimens are fabricated on a Fused Deposition Modeling uPrint SEplus 3D printer using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and tested under compression. Experimental load-displacement behavior and the results obtained from both the FEA models are in good agreement within the elastic limit.

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37

Khlebnikova, Albina Nikolaevna, Vladimir Alekseevich Molochkov, Elena Vladimirovna Selezneva, Lyubov Anatolevna Belova, Artur Bezugly, and Anton Vladimirovich Molochkov. "Ultrasonographic features of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma." Medical Ultrasonography 20, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-1633.

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Aim: To describe the ultrasonographic findings of surface and nodular basal cell skin cancer (BCC) using high frequency ultrasonography.Materials and methods: We examined 60 primary BCCs in different locations with the High Frequency Ultrasound (HFU) system DUB Skin Scanner using 75 MHz and 30 MHz probes. Epidermis, dermis, and depth of tumors spread in the region of interest (ROI) were measured. Visually unchanged, contralateral skin areas were examined as the control. Results: The surface BCC most often had elongated contours, clear margins and hypoechoic structure, while the nodular BCC had round or oval outlines and diffusely hypo-heterogeneous structure with clear margins. Sclerodermiform BCCs were visualized as hypoechoic areas of irregular shape penetrating in the dermis, with wavy fuzzy margins. The average thickness of the surface BCC in the US examination was 556.28±136.95 μ, the nodular BCC thickness was 2439.71±865.92 μ and the sclerodermiform thickness was 1500±325.33 μ. A statistically significant increase in the average thickness of tumors of the nodularand scleroderma forms was observed in comparison with the surface clinical variant (p<0.05). Hyperechoic inclusions were observed in 11% of the surface BCC’s and in the 100% of the nodular BCC’s. Their average number was 2±0.57 and 4±4.8, with the average area of 0.03±0.02 mm2 and 0.04±0.03 mm2 (p>0.05), respectively. In the surface BCC, they were mainly located along the periphery of the hypoechoic zones. In nodular BCC, the inclusions had a peripheral and combined (center and peripheral) distribution.Conclusions: Ultrasound allows differentiating BCC as diffuse-heterogeneous, hypoechoic, formations in the dermis with distinct contours. Depending on the clinical picture, they differ in form, depth of bedding, as well as in the quantitative ratio and distribution of the point hyperechoic structures in them.

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Liu, Ning, Chen Chen, Isaac Chang, Pengjie Zhou, and Xiaojing Wang. "Compositional Dependence of Phase Selection in CoCrCu0.1FeMoNi-Based High-Entropy Alloys." Materials 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081290.

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To study the effect of alloy composition on phase selection in the CoCrCu0.1FeMoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA), Mo was partially replaced by Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni. The microstructures and phase selection behaviors of the CoCrCu0.1FeMoNi HEA system were investigated. Dendritic, inter-dendritic, and eutectic microstructures were observed in the as-solidified HEAs. A simple face centered cubic (FCC) single-phase solid solution was obtained when the molar ratio of Fe, Co, and Ni was increased to 1.7 at the expense of Mo, indicating that Fe, Co, and Ni stabilized the FCC structure. The FCC structure was favored at the atomic radius ratio δ ≤ 2.8, valence electron concentration (VEC) ≥ 8.27, mixing entropy ΔS ≤ 13.037, local lattice distortion parameter α2 ≤ 0.0051, and ΔS/δ2 > 1.7. Mixed FCC + body centered cubic (BCC) structures occurred for 4.1 ≤ δ ≤ 4.3 and 7.71 ≤ VEC ≤ 7.86; FCC or/and BCC + intermetallic (IM) mixtures were favored at 2.8 ≤ δ ≤ 4.1 or δ > 4.3 and 7.39 < VEC ≤ 8.27. The IM phase is favored at electronegativity differences greater than 0.133. However, ΔS, α2, and ΔS/δ2 were inefficient in identifying the (FCC or/and BCC + IM)/(FCC + BCC) transition. Moreover, the mixing enthalpy cannot predict phase structures in this system.

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Akiba, E., and M. Okada. "Metallic Hydrides III: Body-Centered-Cubic Solid-Solution Alloys." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 9 (September 2002): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.225.

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AbstractHydrogen-absorbing alloys with bcc (body-centered-cubic) structures, such as Ti-V-Mn, Ti-V-Cr, Ti-V-Cr-Mn, and Ti-Cr-(Mo, Ru), have been developed since 1993. These alloys have a higher hydrogen capacity (about 3.0 mass%) than conventional intermetallic hydrogen-absorbing alloys. Generally, bcc metals and alloys exhibit two plateaus in pressure–composition isotherms, but the lower plateau is far below atmospheric pressure at room temperature. Many efforts have been made to increase hydrogen capacity and raise the equilibrium pressure of this lower plateau. The crystal structure and morphology of Laves-phase-related bcc solid-solution alloys are reviewed.

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Shen, Huahai, Jianwei Zhang, Jutao Hu, Jinchao Zhang, Yiwu Mao, Haiyan Xiao, Xiaosong Zhou, and Xiaotao Zu. "A Novel TiZrHfMoNb High-Entropy Alloy for Solar Thermal Energy Storage." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020248.

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An equiatomic TiZrHfMoNb high-entropy alloy (HEA) was developed as a solar thermal energy storage material due to its outstanding performance of hydrogen absorption. The TiZrHfMoNb alloy transforms from a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure to a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure during hydrogen absorption and can reversibly transform back to the BCC structure after hydrogen desorption. The theoretical calculations demonstrated that before hydrogenation, the BCC structure for the alloy has more stable energy than the FCC structure while the FCC structure is preferred after hydrogenation. The outstanding hydrogen absorption of the reversible single-phase transformation during the hydrogen absorption–desorption cycle improves the hydrogen recycling rate and the energy efficiency, which indicates that the TiZrHfMoNb alloy could be an excellent candidate for solar thermal energy storage.

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Landa, Alexander, and Per Söderlind. "Alloying-Driven Phase Stability in Group-VB Transition Metals under Compression." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.125.

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The change in phase stability of Group-VB transition metals (V, Nb, and Ta) due to pressure and alloying is explored by means of first-principles electronic-structure calculations. It is shown that under compression stabilization or destabilization of the ground-state body-centered cubic (bcc) phase of the metal is mainly dictated by the band-structure energy. In the case of alloying the change in phase stability is defined by the interplay between the band-structure and Madelung energies. We show that band-structure effects determine phase stability when a particular Group-VB metal is alloyed with its nearest neighbors within the same d-transition series: the neighbor with less and more d electrons destabilize and stabilize the bcc phase, respectively. When V is alloyed with neighbors of a higher (4d- or 5d-) transition series, both electrostatic Madelung and band-structure energies stabilize the bcc phase. Utilizing the self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics approach, we show that pressure-induced mechanical instability of bcc V, which results in formation of a rhombohedral (rh) phase at around 60-70 GPa at room temperatures, will prevail significant heating and compression. Furthermore, alloying with Cr decreases the temperature at which stabilization of the bcc phase occurs at elevated pressure.

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42

Manuel, Sorrow George, Jack Santo Cross, David Mick Silvester, Romano Proud Blour, and Janet Napolion Stagger. "Destructive testing method for specimen and crystal structure on maximum solubility." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 6, no. 5 (September 4, 2019): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n5.734.

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From non-destructive testing, we have found various flaws in both specimens so no method in the universe is perfect but we can rectify the defects but cannot be removed completely. From destructive testing we have found that First specimen MS (MS) sustain stress without failure due its similar crystal structure (BCC) on the other hand second specimen have failed within the lower stress range due to lack of cohesion, adhesion between the dissimilar metals MS and SS, and also both have different crystal structures BCC and FCC respectively. Thus, to gain maximum strength of weld bead, welding should be done using similar metals with maximum solubility.

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SANATY-ZADEH, A., K. RAEISSI, and A. SAIDI. "MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE Fe–Ni ALLOYS SYNTHESIZED BY DIRECT AND PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 15 (June 20, 2011): 2031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101016.

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Nanocrystalline iron–nickel alloys are electrodeposited by direct and pulse current densities with the grain sizes between 8–16 nm. XRD patterns showed a variety of structure in alloys from fcc, bcc and mixed (fcc+bcc) by variation of Fe content of alloy. The fcc structure was observed for lower Fe content, dual phase structure for Fe content between 60–70% and bcc structure for higher Fe content. By applying pulse current, an increase in Fe content of alloys was observed. Magnetic property measurements showed a high saturation magnetization for the alloys increased with increase in Fe content and a low coercivity decreased with decrease in grain size for alloys with iron content below 60%.

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Zhang, X., A. Misra, R. K. Schulze, C. J. Wetteland, H. Wang, and M. Nastasi. "Critical factors that determine face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic phase transformation in sputter-deposited austenitic stainless steel films." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 6 (June 2004): 1696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0215.

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Bulk austenitic stainless steels (SS) have a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. However, sputter deposited films synthesized using austenitic stainless steel targets usually exhibit body-centered cubic (bcc) structure or a mixture of fcc and bcc phases. This paper presents studies on the effect of processing parameters on the phase stability of 304 and 330 SS thin films. The 304 SS thin films with in-plane, biaxial residual stresses in the range of approximately 1 GPa (tensile) to approximately 300 MPa (compressive) exhibited only bcc structure. The retention of bcc 304 SS after high-temperature annealing followed by slow furnace cooling indicates depletion of Ni in as-sputtered 304 SS films. The 330 SS films sputtered at room temperature possess pure fcc phase. The Ni content and the substrate temperature during deposition are crucial factors in determining the phase stability in sputter deposited austenitic SS films.

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45

Gong, H. R., L. T. Kong, and B. X. Liu. "Prediction of metastable phase formation in an immiscible Cu–Cr system from interatomic potential and ab initio calculation." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 10 (October 2003): 2300–2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0322.

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Ab initio calculation was performed to predict the structures, lattice constants, and cohesive energies of metastable Cu75Cr25 and Cu50Cr50 phases. An n-body Cu–Cr potential was derived through fitting to some ab initio calculated results and was capable of reproducing some intrinsic properties of the Cu–Cr system. Based on the derived potential, molecular dynamics simulations predicted that for a Cu100−xCrx alloy, the face-centered-cubic structure is more stable than the body-centered-cubic (bcc) one when 0 ≤ x ≤ 25, while the bcc structure becomes energetically favored when 25 < x ≤ 100. Interestingly, the predictions match well with the experimental observations.

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46

Xu, Chao, and Dong Chen. "Electronic Structures of the High-Pressure hcp and bcc Phases of Al: A Computer Aided Design and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.523.

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Thestate-of-the-artplane-wave methods combined with ultra-soft pseudo-potentials were employed to study the crystal and electronic structures (density of state, band structure) of aluminum in its hcp and bcc structures. In our computation we used the PBE functional, which predicts lattice constants very close to the experimental data. The calculations reveal that the whole valence band of Al is dominated by the 3s and 3p states while the conduction band is mainly contributed by the 3p band. The band structure shows that bcc-Al has a 0eV gap, which reflects its metallic character. The dispersion curves near the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are quite flat. Generally speaking, our work is an attempt to study the high pressure electronic structures of Al, which needs to be verified by experiments.

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Zhu, Yu Hua. "Theoretical Study of Lattice Constant Dependence on the Grain Size in Some Nanocrystallites." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.631.

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The influence of grain size on the lattice constant in some nanocrystallites was studied by computing the interactive cohesive energy of the nanocrystallites. The relationships of the lattice constant with the grain size in NaCl, CsCl structure ionic crystallites, FCC, BCC structure metal crystallites and FCC, BCC, SCC structure molecular crystallites was studied respectively. The results are in good agreement with the above experimental ones qualitatively.

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Wang, Qing, Xiang Dong Zhang, Xiao Na Li, Chun Jun Ji, and Chuang Dong. "Designing Multi-Component β-Ti Alloys with Low Young's Modulus." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.885.

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[(Mo,Sn)(Ti,Zr)14]Nb1 serial alloy compositions were designed using a cluster-plus-glue-atom model to receive BCC β-Ti alloys with low Youngs modulus (E) in Ti-based multi-component systems, where the square brackets enclose the coordination polyhedron cluster CN14 of the BCC structure and Nb is the glue atom. These serial alloys were prepared into rods with a diameter of 6 mm by copper-mould suction casting method. XRD and tensile test results indicated that all these alloy series possessed a monolithic BCC structure except [SnTi14]Nb1 and [(Mo0.5Sn0.5)Ti14]Nb1 due to Sn deteriorating BCC structural stability. A combination of Mo0.5Sn0.5 at the cluster center, as well as low-E Nb and Zr in the glue and cluster shell respectively, can reach simultaneously low E and high BCC stability, incarnated in the [(Mo0.5Sn0.5)(Ti13Zr)]Nb1 alloy which has the lowest E of 48 GPa in the suction-cast state.

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Wang, F. M., and R. Ingalls. "Iron bcc-hcp transition: Local structure from x-ray-absorption fine structure." Physical Review B 57, no. 10 (March 1, 1998): 5647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.57.5647.

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KOLSUZ, NURI, MEHMET ÇIVI, and ŞAKIR ERKOÇ. "EMPIRICAL MANY-BODY POTENTIAL ENERGY FUNCTION CALCULATION FOR LITHIUM CLUSTERS IN BCC AND FCC SURFACE SYMMETRIES, AND CHEMISORPTION ENERGY OF ATOMIC OXYGEN ON LITHIUM BCC CLUSTERS." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 02 (January 20, 1995): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000144.

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We have investigated the structure and energetics of lithium clusters containing 3 to 10 atoms in different bcc and fcc surface symmetries, and the interaction of an oxygen atom with lithium clusters in the bcc(100) and bcc(110) surface symmetries. Calculations have been performed by using an empirical many-body potential energy function, which comprises two- and three-body atomic interactions.

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