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Journal articles on the topic 'BCG artefact'
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1
Javed, Ehtasham, Ibrahima Faye, Aamir Saeed Malik, and Jafri Malin Abdullah. "Removal of BCG artefact from concurrent fMRI-EEG recordings based on EMD and PCA." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 291 (November 2017): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.020.
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Benda, Mihaly, and Ivan Volosyak. "Peak Detection with Online Electroencephalography (EEG) Artifact Removal for Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) Purposes." Brain Sciences 9, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120347.
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Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) measure brain activity and translate it to control computer programs or external devices. However, the activity generated by the BCI makes measurements for objective fatigue evaluation very difficult, and the situation is further complicated due to different movement artefacts. The BCI performance could be increased if an online method existed to measure the fatigue objectively and accurately. While BCI-users are moving, a novel automatic online artefact removal technique is used to filter out these movement artefacts. The effects of this filter on BCI performance and mainly on peak frequency detection during BCI use were investigated in this paper. A successful peak alpha frequency measurement can lead to more accurately determining objective user fatigue. Fifteen subjects performed various imaginary and actual movements in separate tasks, while fourteen electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes were used. Afterwards, a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI speller was used, and the users were instructed to perform various movements. An offline curve fitting method was used for alpha peak detection to assess the effect of the artefact filtering. Peak detection was improved by the filter, by finding 10.91% and 9.68% more alpha peaks during simple EEG recordings and BCI use, respectively. As expected, BCI performance deteriorated from movements, and also from artefact removal. Average information transfer rates (ITRs) were 20.27 bit/min, 16.96 bit/min, and 14.14 bit/min for the (1) movement-free, (2) the moving and unfiltered, and (3) the moving and filtered scenarios, respectively.
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Artul, S. "Ring artefact in multidetector CT." Case Reports 2013, dec27 1 (December 30, 2013): bcr—2013–201379—bcr—2013–201379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-201379.
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WALKER, R. "Stabilisation of marine iron artefacts." British Corrosion Journal 31, no. 1 (January 1996): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bcj.1996.31.1.69.
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Michaels, L., P. Alexander, and R. Newsom. "Macular pseudohaemorrhage secondary to Allen Dot artefact." Case Reports 2015, jan05 1 (January 5, 2015): bcr2014207980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-207980.
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Stefanidis, Konstantinos, Jordan Green, Elissavet Konstantelou, and Hasti Robbie. "Flow artefact mimicking pulmonary embolism in pulmonary hypertension." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 2 (February 2020): e234652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-234652.
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Woodacre, T., and S. Wienand-Barnett. "Titanium plate artefact mimicking popliteal artery dissection on digital subtraction CT angiography." Case Reports 2013, apr05 1 (April 5, 2013): bcr2012008409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-008409.
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REVERMANN, MARTIN. "The ‘Cleveland Medea’ Calyx Crater and the Iconography of Ancient Greek Theatre." Theatre Research International 30, no. 1 (March 2005): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883304000835.
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This article examines a spectacular example of Greek theatre-related vase iconography, the so-called ‘Cleveland Medea’, by studying the ways in which a painter appropriates iconography for his own narrative purposes. Of special interest are the interactions called for by the vessel from its prospective viewers in the symposium context. Throughout, the artefact is treated as an important document of the cultural history of Greek tragedy in the fourth century BCE.
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Rudigwa, P., L. Babu Elakkumanan, S. Rajan P, and M. V. Satya Prakash. "ECG artefacts mimicking atrial flutter in posterior fossa surgery." Case Reports 2015, may27 1 (May 28, 2015): bcr2014208617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-208617.
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COWARD, M. I. E., B. D. BARKER, G. A. MILLS, and A. M. JONES. "Technical noteInvestigation into tarnishing of pewter artefacts recovered from the ‘Mary Rose’." British Corrosion Journal 32, no. 3 (January 1997): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bcj.1997.32.3.223.
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Brozio, Jan Piet, Johannes Müller, Martin Furholt, Wiebke Kirleis, Stefan Dreibrodt, Ingo Feeser, Walter Dörfler, Mara Weinelt, Hendrik Raese, and Annalena Bock. "Monuments and economies: What drove their variability in the middle-Holocene Neolithic?" Holocene 29, no. 10 (June 25, 2019): 1558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619857227.
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In the regions of southern Scandinavia and northern Germany, within the Neolithic ( c. 4100–1700 BCE), two episodes of intensified monumental burial construction are known: Funnel Beaker megaliths mainly from c. 3400–3100 BCE and Single Grave burial mounds from c. 2800–2500 BCE. So far, it remains unclear whether these boom phases of monumental construction were linked with phases of economic expansion, to phases of economic changes or to periods of economic crisis: do they precede and stimulate periods of economic growth? Or are they a social practice that results from social changes within the societies? To approach these research questions, we will use mainly information on the intensity of monumental construction phases, artefact depositions, environmental changes and changes in subsistence strategies as proxies for comparative studies. Our database comes from the southern Cimbrian Peninsula and adjacent areas. Being one of the most intensively archaeologically researched regions of Neolithic Europe, this region provides robust data sets. As a result, the study demonstrates that during the Funnel Beaker period, economy and ritual were closely interlinked, while disconnected in the Single Grave period.
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Matsumoto, N., Y. Suzuki, S. Yoda, and A. Hirayama. "The truncation artefact in patients with a high body mass index on myocardial perfusion SPECT." Case Reports 2014, jul15 1 (July 15, 2014): bcr2014205407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-205407.
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Marchetti, P., F. De Peppo, E. Ceriati, and O. Adorisio. "Comet-tail artefacts and abdominal pain: radiological mistake or an underestimated event?" Case Reports 2013, jun12 1 (June 12, 2013): bcr2013009896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-009896.
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Khan, Muhammad Taha, and Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan. "Diffuse breast uptake of technetium-99m tetrofosmin during myocardial perfusion imaging in a lactating mother." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 1 (January 2021): e236770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236770.
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Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a useful modality to rule out myocardial ischaemia in patients presenting with chest pain. In nursing mothers imaging with radioisotope is usually avoided but under certain circumstances it is unavoidable. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with chest pain, who underwent MPI for assessment of ischaemia. The scan showed anterior artefact due to diffuse breast uptake in both the breasts, as the patient was a lactating mother. The case highlights the importance of breast uptake of radioisotope in the lactating mother on MPI and the necessary steps which need to be taken if radiotracer is injected into a lactating woman.
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Senra, Marta, Cláudia Costa, Ana Bettencourt, Lídia Baptista, and Sérgio Gomes. "Faunal Remains from Torre Velha 12 (Serpa, Beja, Southwest of Portugal): Relationship between Animals and Bronze Age Communities." Heritage 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010016.
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Torre Velha 12 is located in Serpa (Beja) and was excavated and directed by two of the authors (LB and SG), during an emergency intervention within the Alqueva Project. This site is characterized by negative structures filled with pottery sherds and other materials dating to the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE. The aim of this paper is to publish the study of the faunal remains dated from Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE). The faunal assemblage is small and comes from non-funerary pits and from funerary hypogea. Other than a bone artefact and an undetermined shell fragment, all of the remains integrated in the pits were classified as mammals. Sheep/goat is was frequently found while other species such as cattle and swines had lower frequencies. Fragments of cattle limbs are the only faunal remains associated with human burials and reveal a clear taxonomical and anatomical pattern that may be an indicator of a careful and structured anthropogenic behavior. The aim of this paper is to understand the social relationship between animals and the Bronze Age communities.
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Lomsdalen, Tore. "The Islandscape of the Megalithic Temple Structures of Prehistoric Malta." Culture and Cosmos 17, no. 2 (2013): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.0217.0209.
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The exploration of the Mediterranean seascape goes back to the foragers of the early Holocene period around the ninth millennium BCE. However there is no secure evidence of human settlement in the Maltese Archipelago before the end of the sixth millennium BCE. Approximately one thousand years later, the unique style of megalithic structures that later became known as the Temple Period commenced. This period lasted about another millennium, then suddenly halted for no apparent reason, leaving no further trace than the monuments themselves. However, based on the extant material culture—artefacts, iconography and the orientation and location of the temples—there are indications that the Temple Period society may have participated in cosmology that integrates land, sea and sky. Using thick description, this paper will look at the extent to which prehistoric Maltese cosmology consisted of land, sea and skyscape—probably the three main components of an Islanders’ cosmology.
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Mirijello, A., M. Fuorlo, G. Addolorato, and R. Landolfi. "'Doctor, treat your patient, not your monitor!' Tremor-induced ECG artefacts mimicking torsades de pointes." Case Reports 2014, may08 1 (May 8, 2014): bcr2014204735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-204735.
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Raudino, Anna. "Variation in Material Culture: Adoption of Greek Ceramics in an Indigenous Sicilian Site (8th century BCE)." Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 3 (December 31, 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/exnovo.v3i0.380.
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The archaeological study of social boundaries through the examination of the material culture reflects the intent to better understand the interaction established between two different cultures. This paper, as part of my PhD study, identifies and analyses evidence for cultural transformation in southeastern Sicily when indigenous populations came into contact with ancient Greek settlers between the end of the eighth and the beginning of the seventh centuries BCE. In particular, this current study examines indigenous pottery production and distribution, focussing on material from Monte Finocchito in southeastern Sicily and combining archaeological and anthropological approaches with the first archaeometric analyses ever carried out on this artefact assemblage. The study argues on the basis of analysis of pottery fabrics and techniques, as well as shapes and decoration, that indigenous populations maintained robust independent cultures in the early phase of their interaction with the Greeks.
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Drabsch, Bernadette, and Stephen Bourke. "Early Visual Communication: Introducing the 6000-Year-Old Buon Frescoes from Teleilat Ghassul, Jordan." Arts 8, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8030079.
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The collection of 5th Millennium BCE frescoes from the Chalcolithic (4700–3700 BC) township of Teleilat Ghassul, Jordan, are vital signposts for our understanding of early visual communication systems and the role of art in preliterate societies. The collection of polychrome wall murals includes intricate geometric designs, scenes illustrative of a stratified and complex society, and possibly early examples of landscape vistas. These artworks were produced by specialists using the buon fresco technique, and provide a visual archive documenting a fascinating, and largely unknown culture. This paper will consider the place these pictorial artefacts hold in the prehistory of art.
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Niemarkt, H., P. Andriessen, and F. J. Halbertsma. "Artefacts in the amplitude-integrated EEG background pattern of a full-term asphyxiated neonate caused by diaphragm spasms." Case Reports 2012, may29 1 (May 30, 2012): bcr1220115363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.12.2011.5363.
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Nohl, H., A. V. Kozlov, L. Gille, and K. Staniek. "Cell respiration and formation of reactive oxygen species: facts and artefacts." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311308.
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It is generally taken as an established fact that mitochondrial respiration is associated with the generation of small amounts of ROS (reactive oxygen species). There are many arguments supporting this side activity. A major argument is the particular physico-chemical configuration of dioxygen, which prevents the transfer of a pair of electrons. Instead, oxygen is reduced by the successive transfer of single electrons, necessarily leading to intermediates with odd electrons. The high rate of turnover of oxygen in the respiratory chain in combination with the existence of single-electron carriers supports the concept of mitochondria as the major cellular ROS generator. Experimental evidence on the ability of mitochondria to generate ROS was, however, based essentially on in vitro experiments with isolated mitochondria. A variety of structural and functional alterations associated with the removal of mitochondria from the cell, as well as the routinely applied ROS detection methods, may lead to artefactual deviation of odd electrons to dioxygen. We therefore checked these correlations in view of ROS formation, including the often reported effect of the membrane potential on the establishment of a redox couple with oxygen out of sequence. For this purpose we developed novel methods to prove the authenticity of mitochondria for ROS generation in the living cell. Based on our experiments, we can exclude spontaneous release of ROS from mitochondria. However, we describe conditions under which mitochondria can be transformed to mild ROS generators. The site of single-electron deviation to dioxygen was found to be ubiquinol interacting with the Rieske iron–sulphur protein and low-potential cytochrome b of the bc1 complex.
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Lundin, Michael S., Ahmad Alratroot, Fawzi Abu Rous, and Saleh Aldasouqi. "When thyroid labs do not add up, physicians should ask patients about biotin supplements." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 3 (March 2020): e231337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-231337.
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A 69-year-old woman with a remote history of Graves’ disease treated with radioactive iodine ablation, who was maintained on a stable dose of levothyroxine for 15 years, presented with abnormal and fluctuating thyroid function tests which were confusing. After extensive evaluation, no diagnosis could be made, and it became difficult to optimise the levothyroxine dose, until we became aware of the recently recognised biotin-induced lab interference. It was then noticed that her medication list included biotin 10 mg two times per day. After holding the biotin and repeating the thyroid function tests, the labs made more sense, and the patient was easily made euthyroid with appropriate dose adjustment. We also investigated our own laboratory, and identified the thyroid labs that are performed with biotin-containing assays and developed strategies to increase the awareness about this lab artefact in our clinics.
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Yuki, Ichiro, Toshihiro Ishibashi, Chihebeddine Dahmani, Naoki Kato, Ayako Ikemura, Yukiko Abe, Katharina Otani, et al. "Combination of high-resolution cone beam computed tomography and metal artefact reduction software: a new image fusion technique for evaluating intracranial stent apposition after aneurysm treatment." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 9 (September 2019): e230687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230687.
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We introduce a new imaging technique to improve visualisation of stent apposition after endovascular treatment of brain aneurysms employing high-resolution cone beam CT and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography. After performing a stent-assisted coil embolisation of brain aneurysm, the image datasets were processed with a metal artefact reduction software followed by the automated image fusion programmes. Two patients who underwent aneurysm coiling using a Neuroform stent were evaluated. The reconstructed 3D images showed a detailed structure of the stent struts and identified malappositions of the deployed stents. Case 1 showed good apposition on the outer curvature side of the carotid siphon, while the inner curvature side showed prominent malapposition. Case 2, with multiple aneurysms, showed good apposition on both outer and inner curvature sides, although inward prolapse of the struts was observed. This new imaging technique may help evaluate stent apposition after the endovascular aneurysm treatment.
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Bernardo, Cláudio Gonçalves, Ivette Kafure Muñoz, and Tiago Barros Pontes e. Silva. "Pessoa com deficiência visual e a acessibilidade à informação para mobilidade indoor." RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 18 (November 24, 2020): e020036. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v18i00.8661391.
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Introdução: A lei de acessibilidade 10.098 de 2000 estabelece normas e critérios para promover acessibilidade às pessoas com deficiência. Dados do censo realizado pelo IBGE em 2013 informam que do total de 146,3 milhões de pessoas acima de 18 anos, aproximadamente 5,27 milhões são pessoas com deficiência visual (PDV), o equivalente a 3,6%. Método: Considerando que a informação quando é proporcionada de maneira correta leva melhores condições de mobilidade à PDV, este artigo apresenta a proposta de desenvolvimento de artefato eletrônico que lhe proporcione informação na sua mobilidade em qualquer espaço físico interno, posto que disponibiliza informações sobre distância, profundidade e lateralidade do ambiente, sendo categorizado como um mapa auditivo. Resultados: A partir da perspectiva da Ciência da Informação, abordando conceitos de estudo de usuários, acessibilidade e tecnologia assistiva a proposta trata dos desafios de acesso à informação e também de desafios ao acesso físico. O artefato foi desenvolvido utilizando o sistema Dosvox que é amplamente utilizado por PDV. A Biblioteca Central (BCE) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) foi o espaço físico escolhido como o local contemplado para o desenho do artefato, por já possuir diversos recursos de acessibilidade à informação para a PDV. Conclusão: O objetivo de proporcionar acessibilidade à informação por meio do artefato desenvolvido foi atingido porque orienta a PDV em sua mobilidade indoor.
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Hirapur, I., R. V. Mantgol, N. Agrawal, and A. K. Dasappa. "Coronary stent mimicking as foreign body in the left bronchus in an elderly woman with acute onset of cough: a confusing artefact." Case Reports 2014, feb14 2 (February 14, 2014): bcr2013203305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-203305.
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Shah, Nikhil, Veena Ekbote, Vaman Khadilkar, and Anuradha Khadilkar. "Distortion of dual energy X-ray images by faecal masses in a child with type 1 diabetes." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 5 (May 2020): e235312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-235312.
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Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning is the most common investigating modality used to assess bone mineral density (BMD). Conditions causing tissue calcification and artefacts such as metallic objects may mislead the results of the DXA scan. We present here a case of a child with diabetes where the DXA images were distorted by faecal lumps, leading to falsely elevated BMD and an error in interpretation of the DXA scans. Our case suggests that DXA software may not, at times, differentiate between bone and other high-attenuating material within the regions of interest. Thus, DXA images should also be visually examined and verified with the numeric data before report preparation in these patients.
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Van Calker, Daniel. "The lithic assemblage from Lapa da Galinha (Alcanena, Portuguese Estremadura) and the “Cave Megalithism” phenomenon in the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE." Journal of Lithic Studies 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.2857.
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The present work proposes to present the analysis results of the flaked stone artefacts from Lapa da Galinha, a cave necropolis, located in the Estremadura Limestone Massif, that is a classic example of the funerary practices of the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE. The excavation dates back to 1908, and it was performed by members of the current National Museum of Archaeology, resulting in an extensive votive ensemble, associated with a minimum number of 70 burials. The evident collective nature of the burials, the votive ensemble and the rituals there identified emphasise its “Cave Megalithism” character, an expression that invokes only one of the many facets of the complex phenomenon that is Megalithism. Since the Megalithic funerary structures, such as natural caves, are utilized over a long period of time, it’s not easy- but not impossible- to reclaim in full, the events that took place. Focusing on the flaked stone artefacts, the main goal of this text is to contribute to the reconstruction of the belief system that characterizes the Neolithic and Chalcolithic communities from this region. Hence, the morpho-technological criteria, that followed previously established standards, and raw material analysis of the artefactual categories, even on a macroscopic level, were absolutely essential for us to suggest an extensive diachrony of the funerary use of the natural cave With that in mind, we reflected on the importance of the transformations that occur within the material culture exposed throughout the text and their chronological meaning, but also on the true potential of this artefactual category as a tool to build a solid perspective regarding the symbolism inherent to these funeral practices.
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Welch, David J. "Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2: Metals." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 52, no. 2 (June 2021): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463421000461.
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These three volumes, along with the forthcoming Volume 2D, the catalogue of metal and metal-related finds, present the results of a thorough, detailed study of the metals recovered during archaeological investigations in 1974 and 1975 at the village of Ban Chiang and three smaller sites in the northern part of northeast Thailand. At a time when little was known of Southeast Asian prehistory, the finding of very elaborately painted earthenware pottery vessels, probably prehistoric, at Ban Chiang stirred the interest not only of archaeologists, but also, unfortunately, from the standpoint of scientific investigation of the past, that of looters, dealers, and collectors of antiquarian art. In order to recover a sample of these vessels in their original depositional context, the Thailand Fine Arts Department and the University of Pennsylvania undertook one of the largest excavations of a prehistoric site carried out in Southeast Asia at the time. What subsequently caused added excitement in the media and the scientific community was the recovery of artefacts of iron that appeared to date to the second millennium BCE and of copper or bronze associated with dates in the fourth millennium BCE, perhaps as early as 3600 BCE, seeming to confirm similar early dates for bronze working from the nearby site of Non Nok Tha. Such early dates suggested the possibility of an independent development of metallurgy in Southeast Asia. Because of the importance of the excavation at Ban Chiang as a milestone in Thai and Southeast Asian archaeology, the site was later placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
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Tei, Masami, Ichiro Maruko, Eiko Uchimura, and Tomohiro Iida. "Retinal and choroidal circulation determined by optical coherence tomography angiography in patient with amyloidosis." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 2 (February 2019): bcr—2018–228479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228479.
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A 43-year-old woman who was diagnosed with the cryopyrine-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) with severe renal failure and heart failure due to amyloid accumulation was examined by swept source optical cohernce tomography (OCT) (SS-OCT; DRI-OCT, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue, Fremont, CA). Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 OD and 20/25 OS. A hyporeflective band of about 100 µm thickness was seen just inferior to the retinal pigment epithelium in the cross-sectional SS-OCT images, but the deeper choroidal structures were clearly visible. In the OCTA images, the density of the retinal capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus slabs were reduced, and no signals of the choroidal capillary slab was detected after removing the projection artefacts. The accumulation of amyloid can cause a reduction of both the retinal and choroidal capillary circulations although the circulation in the larger vessels are preserved.
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Durnford, S. P. B. "How old was the Ankara Silver Bowl when its inscriptions were added?" Anatolian Studies 60 (January 2010): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600001010.
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AbstractThe artefact known as the Ankara Silver Bowl bears two short Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions, each in a different ‘handwriting’. They tell us about the origin of the bowl in the year that Tudhaliya labarna conquered Tara/i-wa/i-zi/a. Unparalleled phrasing and tantalising historical allusions make dating and interpretation problematic. The conquest mentioned is widely held to be that of Taruisa in the Troad by the 14th-century bce Hittite king Tudhaliya I/II, but epigraphy points to a Karkamiš origin for the inscriptions and probably to a post-Empire date. Treating the text as contemporary with the conquest requires either that the bowl be classed as an exceptional Empire document or that a later Tudhaliya is intended. This paper offers a new approach. It accepts a late date, offers an amended translation and proposes that the narrative be viewed as literature alluding to the past and not as contemporary chronicle. The bowl's possible status as a relic prompts questions about the transmission of history, motives for alluding to the past and the words chosen for the purpose. An interpretation of sign *273 is ventured within a speculative scenario that encompasses the bowl's various oddities.
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Keheyan, Yeghis, and Giancarlo Lanterna. "Micro-Stratigraphical Investigation on Corrosion Layers in Ancient Bronze Artefacts of Urartian Period by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry, and Optical Microscopy." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 2526–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030143.
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The results of the analysis on some fragments of bronze belts and a bowl discovered from southwestern Armenia at the Yegheghnadzor archaeological site are discussed. The samples are dated to the 7–6th millennium BCE from the Urartian period. The artefacts were corroded, and a multilayer structure was formed. To study the stratigraphy of layers and their composition, the samples have been analyzed using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry) and OM (Optical Microscopy) techniques. The bronze finds appear with the typical incrustations rich in alloy alteration compounds. Concentrations of copper and tin in the alloys were quantified by SEM-EDS: the pattern and the percentage of the alloy are the same for the belts. Regarding the bowl sample, it is constituted by two foils perfectly in contact but different in color, thickness, and composition. The results evidenced that only two elements participate in forming the alloy composition in the samples: Cu and Sn. The tin content is variable from 7.75% to 13.56%. Other elements such as Ag, As, Fe, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, and Zn make up less than 1% and can be considered as impurities.
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Crudo, Maurizio. "Greek Migrations along the Ionian Coast (Southern Italy)." Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 3 (December 31, 2018): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/exnovo.v3i0.379.
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In the previous century, ancient migration was explained on the basis of the occurrence and quantities of imported archaeological artefacts, and with interpretations made in alignment with the ancient written sources. This was so too with the Greek migration into Southern Italy, often referred to as ‘Greek colonization’. This paper will focus on the relations between indigenous peoples and Greek newcomers in Southern Italy, taking the Sibaritide area as its focal point, as well as on the methods for identifying these foreign newcomers through the analyses of the archaeological record. From the end of the ninth century BCE, a Euboean-Levantine presence is detectable in the Western Mediterranean, including Northern Africa, Spain and Italy. In the first half of the eighth century BC in the Sibaritide, a Greek-indigenous coexistence emerged in the settlement of Timpone della Motta. This coexistence entailed a shared and mixed cultural framework at the site, which is reflected in the local pottery production. Based on the study of the ceramic technology, this paper seeks to shed light on the possibilities and limitations of technological analysis for identifying migration features in the archaeological record.
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Delgado-Raack, Selina, Jutta Kneisel, Janusz Czebreszuk, and Johannes Müller. "Manufacture, use and management of macro-lithic resources in the Bronze Age settlement of Bruszczewo (Poland)." Journal of Lithic Studies 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.3080.
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Contrary to pottery or metal artefacts, macro-lithic tools are still not fully integrated into the archaeological research programs concerning the Early Bronze Age of Central Europe. While such kind of archaeological materials usually do not easily allow typological approaches, their constant participation in several productive spheres makes them a crucial element for understanding the economic processes and the organisation of past societies. This paper presents the general results of the investigation carried out on an assemblage of 1073 macro-lithic items recovered in the wet soil area of the site of Bruszczewo (municipality of Śmigiel, Poland). This fortified settlement was inhabited during the Early Bronze Age (2100-1650 BCE) and later on in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (1100-800 BCE), with minor archaeological evidences from Middle Ages. The methodology applied in this assessment is a holistic one, which combines manufacturing (petrography and morphometry), functional (use-wear and residues) and spatial analyses. This approach has allowed recording a mainly local raw material supplying system, based on the gathering of pebbles in the vicinity of the site and a minimal transformation of raw pieces previous to use. Moreover, Bruszczewo comes out to be a central settlement managing and controlling exogenous ores, such as copper and gold, as shown by residues found on some macro-lithic forging anvils. All in all, the recognition in the macro-lithic tool assemblage of different tasks related to subsistence (food preparation) as well as to manufacture (metallurgy, probably bone working) processes contributes to (a) defining the settlement's organisation and the management of resources in the site and (b) improving our understanding of the role played by central settlements in the socio-economic networks, at a time when the first class societies emerged in Central Europe.
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Dąbrowa, Edward. "Coinage of the Cilician Cities as a Mirror of Historical and Cultural Changes (V c. BCE – III c. CE)." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 23 (December 31, 2019): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.23.2019.23.06.
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In antiquity Cilicia was a small but important area. The geographical setting, between the Taurus Mountains, the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia, and the fact that territory of Cilicia was crossed by several routes connecting Anatolia with the Mediterranean sea shore and Syria determined its strategic significance. The geography of the area held importance for its cultural development as well. The northern part of Cilicia, Cilicia Aspera, was mountainous, sparsely populated and poorly urbanized; cities were few and located mainly on the seashore. The southern part, Cilicia Pedias, was much more prosperous and intensively urbanized. Its location made it a bridge for various cultural and religious influences coming from neighboring countries, but also an object of their expansion. Both parts of Cilicia experienced governance of many powers: Achaemenid Persia, local rulers, Hellenistic kings, and the Romans. Each of them left own political and cultural imprint on the area. Effects of this cultural mixture are clearly visible in archaeological excavations and in many types of artefacts. Another type of evidence which reflects the complicated past of Cilicia is also available: numismatic evidence. There are a few Cilician cities in which coins were minted from the Achaemenid times to the Roman Empire. This paper attempts to look into the iconography of their coinage and analyze political and religious symbols and their subjects of depiction. The aim is to find out how specific powers ruling over cities influenced local traditions, what were the remnants of those, and how they eventually evolved over time.
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Al Khasawneh, Sahar, Andrew S. Murray, Stephen Bourke, and Dominik Bonatz. "Testing feldspar luminescence dating of young archaeological heated materials using potshards from Pella (Tell Tabqat Fahl) in the Jordan valley." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0056.
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Abstract Recent developments in the use of more stable feldspar signals in the luminescence dating of sediments offer the possibility of obtaining accurate feldspar luminescence ages for ceramic artefacts; this is especially interesting in locations which do not provide suitable quartz extracts. Here we examine the application of the stable infrared stimulated luminescence signal measured at elevated temperature (in this case 290°C; pIRIR290) after stimulation at about room temperature to Levantine pottery samples. A total of 52 potsherds were collected from three superimposed iron-age units at Pella (Jordan); based on 14C dating, typology and seriation these units were deposited between 700 and 900 BCE. Sand-sized quartz extracts were unsuitable, and there was insufficient sand-sized feldspar, and so polymineral fine grains were chosen for dating. Various tests for reliability were undertaken (dose recovery, dependence of De on first stimulation temperature etc.). The pIRIR signals are weak, and 14 potsherds were rejected on this basis. Of the remainder, 3 were confidently identified as outliers. Based on those sherds for which IR signals were sufficiently intense, we use the ratio of the IR50 to pIRIR290 signals to argue that these outliers do not arise from incomplete resetting during manufacture. The ages from each layer are considerably over dispersed (typically by ∼25%) but average ages for each unit are consistent with each other and with the expected age range. The average OSL age for the site is 2840 ± 220 years (n = 35), with the overall uncertainty dominated by systematic uncertainties; this average is consistent with the range of 14C ages from 970–1270 BCE reported from across the destruction horizon. We conclude that the pIRIR290 signal is delivering accurate ages, but that the variability in age from shard to shard is much greater than would be expected from known sources of uncertainty. This demonstrates the need for site ages to be based on multiple samples; individual shard ages are unlikely to be sufficiently accurate.
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Jordão, Patrícia Poeira. "Armas de guerra ou de caça? Funcionalidade e proveniência das pontas de seta do Zambujal (Torres Vedras, Portugal)." Journal of Lithic Studies 4, no. 3 (November 11, 2017): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i3.1760.
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Esta contribuição insere-se num trabalho mais vasto que temos vindo a desenvolver desde 2014 sobre a pedra lascada do Zambujal, focalizado na caracterização petrográfica, nas estratégias de aquisição e na gestão dos recursos siliciosos.
O povoado fortificado do Zambujal assume-se como um caso de estudo privilegiado na Estremadura portuguesa, pelo elevado número de artefactos de sílex recuperados associados a um contexto cronoestratigráfico, em particular pela quantidade de pontas de seta proporcionalmente às restantes categorias líticas. Esta questão, juntamente com o facto de terem sido recolhidas naquele local (entre a primeira e a segunda linhas de defesa), reveste-se de grande importância, sugerindo a possibilidade de terem ocorrido conflitos armados entre estas populações ao longo do Calcolítico (3º milénio BCE).
Neste estudo propomos testar a hipótese da existência de evidências de guerra no Calcolítico com base numa análise funcional (cálculo do índice de penetração - Ipn) e petrográfica (identificação de microfácies, génese e locais de aprovisionamento das litologias) das pontas de seta recolhidas no interior da barbacã da fortificação.
Em conclusão, estes novos resultados, a partir de “velhos” dados, são o ponto de partida para identificar as estratégias de abastecimento e as fases iniciais das cadeias operatórias das pontas de seta do Zambujal, reconhecendo a existência de complexas redes de circulação de bens no Calcolítico que incluem, provavelmente, estratégias de controlo regional e inter-regional, reflectindo relações de estabilidade ou instabilidade entre as comunidades pré-históricas.
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SOUSA, Nelcimar R., Doriane P. RODRIGUES, Charles R. CLEMENT, Eduardo O. NAGAO, and Spartaco ASTOLFI-FILHO. "Discriminação de raças primitivas de Pupunha (Bactris Gasipaes) na Amazônia brasileira por meio de marcadores moleculares (RAPDs)." Acta Amazonica 31, no. 4 (December 2001): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001314545.
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A pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) foi domesticada por seu fruto pelos primeiros povos da Amazônia Ocidental, possuindo um complexo de raças primitivas (landraces) parcialmente caracterizado e mapeado morfologicamente. Ao longo dos Rios Amazonas e Solimões, no Brasil, foram propostas três raças primitivas [Pará (Rio Amazonas), Solimões (baixo e médio Rio Solimões), Putumayo (alto Rio Solimões)], com indicações de que a raça Solimões poderia ser artefato de análise morfométrica. Marcadores RAPDs foram usados para avaliar a hipótese de três raças. Extraiu-se DNA de 30 plantas de cada raça mantida no BAG de Pupunha em Manaus, AM, Brasil. Na amplificação por PCR, 8 primers geraram 80 marcadores, cujas similaridades de Jaccard foram estimadas para agrupamento das plantas com UPGMA. O dendrograma conteve 2 grandes grupos que juntaram-se a uma similaridade de 0,535: o grupo da raça Pará conteve 26 plantas dessa raça, 5 da Putumayo e 1 da Solimões; o grupo do Rio Solimões conteve 29 plantas da raça Solimões, 19 da Putumayo e 1 da Pará. A estrutura do segundo grupo sugere que existe apenas uma raça ao longo do Rio Solimões, pois as plantas amostradas são misturadas em sub-grupos sem ordem aparente. A análise genética não apoia a hipótese de três raças e sugere que a raça Putumayo estende-se ao longo do Rio Solimões até Amazônia central. Será necessário juntar dados genéticos com morfológicos para avaliar esta nova hipótese com mais precisão.
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Canuday, Jose Jowel. "Re-visioning obscure spaces." Thesis Eleven 145, no. 1 (April 2018): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618763841.
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In popular imagery, the littorals of Sulu and Zamboanga conjure visions of pirates, terrorists, and bandits marauding its rough seas, open shores, and rugged mountains. These bleak accounts render the region nothing but a violent and peripheral southern Philippine backdoor inconspicuous to the sophisticated constituencies of the world’s metropolitan centres. Obscured from these imageries are the lasting cosmopolitan traits of openness, flexibility, and reception of local folk to trans-local cultural streams that marked Sulu and Zamboanga as a globalised space across the ages and oceans. The distinctive features of these cosmopolitan sensibilities are strikingly discernible in inter-generationally shared narratives, artefacts, and performances that were continually renewed from the days when Sulu and Zamboanga served as a borderless trading and cultural enclave nestled at the crossroads of the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. These enduring cosmopolitan sensibilities are embodied in the blending, among others, of the time-honoured dance of pangalay and the pop-musical dance genre celebrated on actual, analogue, and digitally-mediated spaces of the contemporary world. Furthermore, these embodied sensibilities are evident in song compositions that proclaim the humanistic themes of hope, peace, and prosperity to their place and the world in ways that exemplify the local people’s broader sense of connections beyond the narrow association of family, community, ethnicity, religion, and identity. This mixed bag of age-old and recent imaginaries and cultural traffic evoke a sociality that link the social spaces of the troubled but once and current globalised region to continuing acts of transcendence in history, memory, and visions of the future. In these marginalized places, we can see an unyielding tradition of cultural re-adaptation and creativity made up of myriad everyday acts that are down-to-earth, pragmatic, interstitial, and practical cosmopolitanism.
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Chevrier, Benoît, Laurent Lespez, Brice Lebrun, Aline Garnier, Chantal Tribolo, Michel Rasse, Guillaume Guérin, et al. "New data on settlement and environment at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in Sudano-Sahelian West Africa: Interdisciplinary investigation at Fatandi V, Eastern Senegal." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): e0243129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243129.
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The end of the Palaeolithic represents one of the least-known periods in the history of western Africa, both in terms of its chronology and the identification of cultural assemblages entities based on the typo-technical analyses of its industries. In this context, the site of Fatandi V offers new data to discuss the cultural pattern during the Late Stone Age in western Africa. Stratigraphic, taphonomical and sedimentological analyses show the succession of three sedimentary units. Several concentrations with rich lithic material were recognized. An in situ occupation, composed of bladelets, segments, and bladelet and flake cores, is confirmed while others concentrations of lithic materials have been more or less disturbed by erosion and pedogenic post-depositional processes. The sequence is well-dated from 12 convergent OSL dates. Thanks to the dating of the stratigraphic units and an OSL date from the layer (11,300–9,200 BCE [13.3–11.2 ka at 68%, 14.3–10.3 ka at 95%]), the artefacts are dated to the end of Pleistocene or Early Holocene. Palaeoenvironmental data suggest that the settlement took place within a mosaic environment and more precisely at the transition between the open landscape of savanna on the glacis and the plateau, and the increasingly densely-wooded alluvial corridor. These humid areas must have been particularly attractive during the dry season by virtue of their rich resources (raw materials, water, trees, and bushes). The Fatandi V site constitutes the first stratified site of the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in Senegal with both precise geochronological and palaeoenvironmental data. It complements perfectly the data already obtained in Mali and in the rest of western Africa, and thus constitutes a reference point for this period. In any case, the assemblage of Fatandi V, with its bladelets and segments and in the absence of ceramics and grinding material, fits with a cultural group using exclusively geometric armatures which strongly differs from another group characterized by the production of bifacial armatures, accompanied in its initial phase by ceramics (or stoneware) and grinding material.
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Rajashekhar, U., and Neelappa Neelappa. "Development of Automated BCI System to Assist the Physically Challenged Person Through Audio Announcement With Help of EEG Signal." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (May 26, 2021): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.26.
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Individuals face numerous challenges with many disorders, particularly when multiple disfunctions are diagnosed and especially for visually effected wheelchair users. This scenario, in reality creates in a degree of incapacity on the part of the wheelchair user in terms of performing simple activities. Based on their specific medical needs confined patients are treated in a modified method. Independent navigation is secured for individuals with vision and motor disabilities. There is a necessity for communication which justifies the use of virtual reality (VR) in this navigation situation. For the effective integration of locomotion besides, it must be under natural guidance. Electroencephalography (EEG), which uses random brain impulses, has made significant progress in the field of health. The custom of an automated audio announcement system modified to have the help of Virtual Reality (VR) and EEG for training of locomotion and individualised interaction of wheelchair users with visual disability is demonstrated in this study through an experiment. Enabling the patients who were otherwise deemed incapacitated to participate in social activities, as the aim was to have efficient connections. The natural control, feedback, stimuli, and protection these subsequent principles founded this project. Via properly conducted experiments, a multilayer computer rehabilitation system was created that integrated natural interaction assisted by EEG, which enabled the movements in the virtual environment and real wheelchair. For blind wheelchair operator patients this study involved of expounding the proper methodology. For educating the value of life and independence of blind wheelchair users, outcomes proven that VR with EEG signals has that potential. To protect their life straightaway and to report all these disputes, the military system should have high speed, more precise portable prototype device for nursing the soldier health, recognition of solider location and report about health sharing system to the concerned system. FPGA-based soldier’s health observing and position gratitude system is proposed in this paper. Reliant on heart rate which is centred on EEG signals the soldier health is observed in systematic bases. By emerging Verilog HDL programming language and executing on Artix-7 development FPGA board of part name XC7ACSG100t the whole work is approved in a Vivado Design Suite. Classification of different abnormalities, and cloud storage of EEG along with type of abnormalities, artifact elimination, abnormalities identification based on feature extraction, exist in the segment of suggested architecture. Irregularity circumstances are noticed through developed prototype system and alert the physically challenged (PHC) individual via audio announcement. An actual method for eradicating motion artefacts from EEG signals that have anomalies in the PHC person's brain has been established, and the established system is a portable device that can deliver differences in brain signal variation intensity. Primarily the EEG signals can be taken and the undesirable artifact can be detached, later structures can be mined by DWT these are the two stages through which artifact deletion can be completed. The anomalies in signal can be noticed and recognized by using machine learning algorithms known as Multirate SVM classifiers, when the features have been extracted using a combination of HMM and GMM. Intended for capable declaration about action taken by a blind person, these result signals are protected in storage devices and conveyed to the controller. Pretending daily motion schedules allows the pretentious EEG signals to be caught. Aimed at the validation of planned system, the database can be used and continued with numerous recorded signals of EEG. The projected strategy executes better in terms of re-storing theta, delta, alpha, and beta (TDAB) complexes of the original EEG with less alteration and a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) value of the EEG signal which illustrates in the quantitative analysis. The projected method used Verilog HDL and MATLAB software for both formation and authorization of results in order to yield improved results. Since from the achieved results, it is initiated that 32% enhancement in SNR, 14% in MSE and 65% enhancement in recognition of anomalies, hence design is effectively certified and proved for standard EEG signals datasets on FPGA.
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Parrott, Guy, Annie Danbury, and Poramate Kanthavanich. "Online behaviour of luxury fashion brand advocates." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, no. 4 (September 14, 2015): 360–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-09-2014-0069.
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Purpose – Over the past few years online fashion communities have proliferated becoming an increasingly powerful forum for user-generated content, and consequently, the fashion industry has shown great interest in such communities. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyse brand advocacy behaviour within luxury brand accessory forums: to analyse the role these communities play in influencing purchase intention; assessing their contribution to fashion brand love. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a netnographic approach to the phenomenon of online luxury accessory communities. The research reports observational data including blog texts and audience comments for four popular forums: The Purse Forum, The Fashion Spot, The Bag Forum (TBF) and Shoe Forum (SF). Although the forums are open to all and are designed to be internationally relevant; the observations were conducted from a base in the UK. Findings – Findings indicate that informants display some unifying characteristics clustered around engagement, involvement, self-concept and self-connection, brand love and hedonic values. Informants however, display some discernible differences as they “rally” to two distinctive totems: first, active luxury brand advocates and second, passive brand advocates. Although subtle, these differences suggest significant possibilities for fashion brand owners. Research limitations/implications – Further research could include the measurement of brand advocacy to distinguish more clearly between high and low levels of advocacy and the resulting consumer behaviour intentions. One sub-group that would be interesting to explore is that of brand evangelists and their relationship with fashion brands: what are the reasons for treating brands as religious artefacts and can this extreme level of advocacy be developed by marketing? The study focused on observing online posts by self-selected brand advocates. A worthwhile comparison could be made with fashion communities where brand marketers are active participants and how this influences the discourse and actions of brand advocates. Practical implications – The findings indicate that all forum members are incredibly attached to their brands, but will still consider purchasing several brands as their “evoked set”. Additionally, even when demonstrating involvement, they can operate as passive observers in the online community. Originality/value – Social media, especially online forums, play an important role in contemporary luxury fashion branding. This study addresses the role these forums play in supporting brand love and the contribution they make to luxury brand advocacy. Membership and influence dynamics are reported; which have resonance to both practitioners and researchers.
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Geniş, Evren Y., and Thomas Zimmermann. "Early Bronze Age metalwork in Central Anatolia – An archaeometric view from the hamlet." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 89, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2014-0019.
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Zusammenfassung: Folgender Beitrag diskutiert die Ergebnisse von an Metallfunden der frühbronzezeitlichen Nekropole Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe in Zentralanatolien vorgenommenen Spektralanalysen. Da archäometrische Daten für Zentralanatolien im 3. Jahrtausend immer noch lückenhaft sind und bevorzugt Fundkomplexe früher Zentralorte berücksichtigt, Assemblagen aus dörflichen Ansiedlung jedoch bislang weitgehend unerschlossen sind, ist diese Studie in erster Linie als dringend benötigte Verbreiterung der Quellenbasis zu verstehen. Arsen-Kupferlegierungen bestehen neben „echten“ Bronzen (Kupfer-Zinn), Kontaminationen wie Nickel mögen Rückschlüsse auf bestimmte Lagerstätten zulassen. Die erzielten Resultate ergeben somit einen guten Einblick in Metallverwendung und Legierungstraditionen einer Kleinsiedlung in der jüngeren anatolischen Frühbronzezeit Résumé: L’article ci-dessous présente les résultats d’analyses spectroscopiques menées sur un ensemble d’objets de l’âge du Bronze Ancien provenant de la nécropole de Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe en Anatolie centrale. Vu que les données archéométriques concernant le 3e millénaire av. J.-C. en Anatolie centrale sont encore fort rares, qu’elles proviennent surtout de grands centres occupés précédemment et que les ensembles provenant d’établissements ruraux n’ont presque pas fait l’objet de recherches, l’intention primaire de l’étude que nous présentons ici est d’attirer l’attention sur les données qui sont à notre disposition. Les alliages de cuivre et d’arsenic existent à côté de ‘vrais’ bronzes (alliages de cuivre et d’étain), et la contamination, par exemple par le nickel, peut fournir de nombreux indices sur la présence de dépôts spécifiques. Les résultats permettent de se faire une bonne idée de l’emploi des métaux et des techniques traditionnelles d’alliage utilisés dans un habitat mineur d’Anatolie vers la fin de l’âge du Bronze Ancien. Abstract: The following contribution discusses the results of spectroscopic analyses carried out on metal artefacts from the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe in central Anatolia. Given that archaeometric data from 3rd- millennium BCE Central Anatolia are still quite sparse, tend to stem mainly from earlier central places, and the assemblages from village sites have so far remained largely unexplored, the study we present here is primarily intended to draw much needed attention to the data that are available. Copper-arsenic alloys exist alongside ‘true’ bronzes (copper-tin alloys), and contamination, for example by nickel, can yield much information about specific deposits. The results obtained provide good insights into the use of metals and traditional alloying techniques on a minor settlement at the end of the Anatolian Early Bronze Age.
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Suryatman, Nfn, Budianto Hakim, Nfn Fakhri, Andi Muhammad Saiful, and Nfn Hasliana. "Prehistoric Occupation at Sakkarra Site as Early Metal Phase Tradition and Neolithic Culture Along the Karama Drainage, West Sulawesi." Kapata Arkeologi 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v14i2.515.
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Situs Lembah Karama adalah kawasan hunian prasejarah, yang mengandung banyak data arkeologis untuk mengungkap sejarah kedatangan dan perkembangan budaya penutur Austronesia di Sulawesi. Mereka bermukim di sepanjang Lembah Karama sejak 3.800 tahun yang lalu, terus bertahan dan menyebar untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan logam ke daerah lain, baik hilir dan pedalaman Sulawesi. Lapisan budaya in situ ditemukan pada penggalian tahun 2014 dengan penanggalan sekitar 172 cal BCE hingga 55 CE. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan budaya fase logam awal di Situs Sakkarra berdasarkan data penelitian terkini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisis lapisan budaya berdasarkan pengamatan stratigrafi, konteks, dan temuan artefak dari beberapa data ekskavasi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2014, 2016 dan 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada indikasi hunian yang lebih tua, yaitu fase Neolitik, hingga berlanjut ke fase logam awal di Sakkarra. Namun, periode ini tidak berlangsung lama, sebelum akhirnya memasuki tahap hunian intensif 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Tradisi budaya neolitik belum menghilang dan masih melekat dalam tatanan budaya mereka ketika pengetahuan logam mulai hadir di kawasan Lembah Karama. Kesinambungan budaya tercermin dalam pemeliharaan tradisi teknologi Neolitik seperti pembuatan tembikar dan alat-alat batu yang diupam. Lapisan budaya di Situs Sakkara menunjukkan adanya hunian penutur Austronesia yang berlanjut dari fase Neolitik ke fase logam awal di Lembah Karama. Bahkan mereka secara aktif terlibat dalam interaksi perdagangan yang telah terjalin di antara pulau-pulau di Asia Tenggara pada waktu itu.The Karama drainage region is a prehistoric occupation site, which contains many archaeological data to uncover the history of the arrival and development of the Austronesian-speakers culture in Sulawesi. They have occupied along the Karama drainage since 3,800 years ago, continue to persist and spread to develop of metal knowledge to other areas, both downstream and inland Sulawesi. The in situ cultural layers found on excavations of 2014 with dating around 172 cal BCE to 55 CE. The aim of the study is described of early metal phase culture in Sakkarra Site based on the latest research data. This study used qualitative methods to analyses of cultural layers based on stratigraphic observations, contexts, and artifact findings from several data of excavation conducted in 2014, 2016 and 2017. The research result shows there is an indication of older occupation, which is the Neolithic phase, continued unabated into the Early Metal Phase at Sakkarra. However, this period does not last long, before finally entering the stage of intensive occupancy by 2,000 years ago. Neolithic cultural traditions have not disappeared and still inherent in their cultural order when metal knowledge begins to present in Karama Drainage. Cultural continuity is reflected in the maintenance of Neolithic technological traditions such as the manufacture of earthenware pottery and polished stone tools. The cultural layer in Sakkara Site indicates the existence of Austronesian speakers' occupation that continues from the Neolithic phase to the initial metal phase in Karama Drainage. Even they are actively involved in the shipping and trade that had intertwined among the islands in Southeast Asia at that time.
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Ramasamy, Akilesh, Balasubramanian Madhan, and Balasubramanian Krishnan. "Ring artefacts in cranial CT." BMJ Case Reports, August 3, 2018, bcr—2018–226097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226097.
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Tunsupon, Pichapong, and M. Jeffery Mador. "PET artefact masquerading as a PET positive lung mass." BMJ Case Reports, December 15, 2015, bcr2015213542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-213542.
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Wood, Jonathan, Yi-Ting Hsu, and Carol Bell. "Sending Laurion Back to the Future: Bronze Age Silver and the Source of Confusion." Internet Archaeology, June 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.56.9.
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Silver-bearing lead ores at Laurion in Attica were considered to have been first exploited with the introduction of coinage sometime around the birth of Classical Greece. However, in the late 20th century this chronology was radically revised earlier, to the Bronze Age, largely supported by lead isotope analyses (LIA). Here, we acknowledge that lead and silver metallurgy emerged from the earliest times but we propose that any correlation between these metals in the archaeological record is not a consequence of a geological association between lead and silver in ores such as galena until the middle of the first millennium BCE. We suggest that ancient metallurgists recognised that silver minerals (such as horn silver) dispersed in host rocks could be concentrated in molten lead and that LIA signatures of Bronze Age silver artefacts reflect the use of exogenous lead to extract silver, perhaps applying processes similar to those used to acquire silver in Bronze Age Siphnos. We further propose that lead from Laurion used for silver extraction resulted in the inadvertent transfer of its LIA signature (probably aided by roving silver prospectors) to silver objects and metallurgical debris recovered around the Aegean. New compositional analyses for the Mycenaean shaft-grave silver (c. 1600 BCE) support these conclusions. We believe that reverting to the mid-first millennium BCE for the first exploitation of silver from argentiferous lead ores is consistent with the absence of archaeological evidence for centralised control over Laurion until the Archaic period, the paucity of lead slag associated with silver-processing debris at Bronze Age sites, the scarcity of silver artefacts recovered in post-shaft grave contexts at Mycenae and throughout the Early Iron Age Aegean, the few Attic silver coins with LIA signatures consistent with Laurion until after 500 BCE and a single unambiguous mention of silver in the Linear B texts.
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Hayes, Elspeth, Caroline Spry, Richard Fullagar, Anna Tuechler, Petra Schell, and Megan Goulding. "Tool-use experiments to determine the function of an incised ground stone artefact with potential symbolic significance." Journal of Lithic Studies 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.3088.
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Ground stone implements are found across most Australian landscapes and are often regarded as Aboriginal tools that were used for processing or modifying other items such as plant foods, plant fibres, resins, bone points, pigments and ground-stone axes and knives. Less common are ground stones modified for non-utilitarian, symbolic purposes; for example, polished and carved stone ornaments; ritual implements such as cylcons and tjuringa sacred stones; and unused, well-crafted ground-stone axes. In this paper, we report on the function and potential significance of an unusual ground stone artefact from a site near Bannockburn, southwestern Australia. A set of regularly spaced, shallow grooves has been cut into the surface of each side of the stone. Use-wear, residues and experimental replica tools indicate that the grooves were probably made with a stone flake and then used to shape or sharpen wooden implements such as spear points or the edges of boomerangs or other weapons. The microscopic wear outside the grooves indicates contact with soft wood or other plant material, possibly a soft plant fibre bag. We suggest that the Bannockburn artefact primarily functioned as a woodworking tool, but the even spacing of the incisions suggests that they were intentionally placed, perhaps to convey a special meaning, perhaps as a tally system or other form of communication.
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Moussas, Xenophon, Georgios Bampasidis, Yanis Bitsakis, Theodosios Tassios, Magdalini Anastasiou, Kyriakos Efstathiou, Georgios Fasoulopoulos, et al. "The gears of the Antikythera Mechanism: an educational pathfinder to the solar system." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311003218.
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AbstractThe Antikythera Mechanism is the most sophisticated extant ancient astronomical instrument and analogue computer known and was assembled sometime between 150 and 100 BCE, almost a century after the death of Archimedes. The mechanism has a great educational potential as it appeals to inquiring minds as an astonishing artefact of science and technology. The latest research findings reveal significant cultural and social functions in its operations. This astonishing astronomical instrument has a clear interdisciplinary valueand it has that it may be used as an educational medium, to engage the general public, and especially to attract students both to/from exact sciences and to/from the humanities. The astronomical and technical knowledge embedded in the mechanism can also be used to introduce some aspects of modern science through the unknown technological achievements of Hellenic antiquity.
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Liu, Yan, Rui Li, Junchang Yang, Ruiliang Liu, Guoxing Zhao, and Panpan Tan. "China and the steppe: technological study of precious metalwork from Xigoupan Tomb 2 (4th–3rd c. BCE) in the Ordos region, Inner Mongolia." Heritage Science 9, no. 1 (April 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00520-5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTechnology employed by the ancient goldsmiths is traceable through archaeometallurgy. Using non-destructive analytical methods, namely, a 3D digital microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS), we investigated the manufacturing techniques and chemical composition of gold and silver artefacts recovered from Tomb 2 (M2), the richest find from Xigoupan cemetery (fourth-third century BCE) in the northern part of Jungar Banner, Inner Mongolia. The present research contributes to a better understanding of the inventive nature of precious metal working industry in early China (eighth-third century BCE). First, cultural interchange was evidenced in the metalwork examined, notably as being closely linked to techniques emerging from the Eurasian steppes. In Xigoupan M2, the ornamentation of sheet works in the Scytho-Siberian animal style was seen to be clearly influenced by the central Asian steppe goldsmithing practice, while certain cast items were typical of the Chinese tradition. Second, our analysis reveals that the gold appliqués with raised animal figures that were previously thought to be repoussé work have actually been made with double-sided carving. We consider such a new technology as one of local inventions that was inspired by methods arriving from the central Asian steppes. In addition, our analysis of elemental composition reveals that the gold artefacts found in Xigoupan M2 to be made of natural gold, while the horse harness ornament is made of pure silver. These results, combined with the study of the existing data pertaining to comparable examples, attest to the shared craftsmanship in prestige metal production across the northern Chinese states, especially with regard to the pre-imperial period Qin workshop.
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Zhang, B. S., X. T. Wu, Y. F. Sun, M. Ritchey, A. C. Fan, Y. Y. Zhang, G. Yu, and Y. B. Song. "Complex raw materials and the supply system: Mineralogical and geochemical study of the jade artefacts of the Longshan Culture (2400–2000 bce ) from Sujiacun site in coastal Shandong, China." Archaeometry, December 23, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12634.
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