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Journal articles on the topic 'BCM rule'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Blais, Brian S., N. Intrator, H. Shouval, and Leon N. Cooper. "Receptive Field Formation in Natural Scene Environments: Comparison of Single-Cell Learning Rules." Neural Computation 10, no. 7 (1998): 1797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017142.

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We study several statistically and biologically motivated learning rules using the same visual environment: one made up of natural scenes and the same single-cell neuronal architecture. This allows us to concentrate on the feature extraction and neuronal coding properties of these rules. Included in these rules are kurtosis and skewness maximization, the quadratic form of the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM) learning rule, and single-cell independent component analysis. Using a structure removal method, we demonstrate that receptive fields developed using these rules depend on a small portion of

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2

Bazzani, A., D. Remondini, N. Intrator, and G. C. Castellani. "The Effect of Noise on a Class of Energy-Based Learning Rules." Neural Computation 15, no. 7 (2003): 1621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603321891837.

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We study the selectivity properties of neurons based on BCM and kurtosis energy functions in a general case of noisy high-dimensional input space. The proposed approach, which is used for characterization of the stable states, can be generalized to a whole class of energy functions. We characterize the critical noise levels beyond which the selectivity is destroyed. We also perform a quantitative analysis of such transitions, which shows interesting dependency on data set size. We observe that the robustness to noise of the BCM neuron (Bienenstock, Cooper, & Munro, 1982; Intrator & Coo

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3

Izhikevich, Eugene M., and Niraj S. Desai. "Relating STDP to BCM." Neural Computation 15, no. 7 (2003): 1511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603321891783.

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We demonstrate that the BCM learning rule follows directly from STDP when pre- and postsynaptic neurons fire uncorrelated or weakly correlated Poisson spike trains, and only nearest-neighbor spike interactions are taken into account.

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4

Blais, Brian, Leon N. Cooper, and Harel Shouval. "Formation of Direction Selectivity in Natural Scene Environments." Neural Computation 12, no. 5 (2000): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015501.

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Most simple and complex cells in the cat striate cortex are both orientation and direction selective. In this article we use single-cell learning rules to develop both orientation and direction selectivity in a natural scene environment. We show that a simple principal component analysis rule is inadequate for developing direction selectivity, but that the BCM rule as well as similar higher-order rules can. We also demonstrate that the convergence of lagged and nonlagged cells depends on the velocity of motion in the environment, and that strobe rearing disrupts this convergence, resulting in

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Adnyano, A. A. Inung Arie. "ESTIMASI CADANGAN BATUBARA DENGAN SOFTWARE TAMBANG PADA PIT DE DISITE BEBATU PT. PIPIT MUTIARA JAYA KABUPATEN TANA TIDUNG, KALIMANTAN UTARA." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 9, no. 1 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v9i1.112.

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Lokasi penambangan PIT DE PT. Pipit Mutiara Jaya, Site Bebatu dengan lahan seluas 3.024 Ha terletak di Desa Bebatu Kebun, Kecamatan Sesayap Hilir, Kabupaten Tana Tidung, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Metode estimasi yang digunakan yaitu metode sayatan penampang (cross section) yang berdasarkan pada pedoman rule o f gradual changes dan rule o f nearest point. Estimasi pedoman rule o f gradual changes didapatkan total cadangan terkira adalah 2.605.121,944 ton, volume material gambut adalah 811.218,008 m3, volume material softclay adalah 4.413.869,289 m3, volume mixing adalah 2.206.934,637 m3 dan vo

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Squadrani, Lorenzo, Nico Curti, Enrico Giampieri, Daniel Remondini, Brian Blais, and Gastone Castellani. "Effectiveness of Biologically Inspired Neural Network Models in Learning and Patterns Memorization." Entropy 24, no. 5 (2022): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050682.

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Purpose: In this work, we propose an implementation of the Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro (BCM) model, obtained by a combination of the classical framework and modern deep learning methodologies. The BCM model remains one of the most promising approaches to modeling the synaptic plasticity of neurons, but its application has remained mainly confined to neuroscience simulations and few applications in data science. Methods: To improve the convergence efficiency of the BCM model, we combine the original plasticity rule with the optimization tools of modern deep learning. By numerical simulation on sta

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7

Shouval, Harel, Nathan Intrator, C. Charles Law, and Leon N. Cooper. "Effect of Binocular Cortical Misalignment on Ocular Dominance and Orientation Selectivity." Neural Computation 8, no. 5 (1996): 1021–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.5.1021.

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We model a two-eye visual environment composed of natural images and study its effect on single cell synaptic modification. In particular, we study the effect of binocular cortical misalignment on receptive field formation after eye opening. We show that binocular misalignment affects principal component analysis (PCA) and Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) learning in different ways. For the BCM learning rule this misalignment is sufficient to produce varying degrees of ocular dominance, whereas for PCA learning binocular neurons emerge in every case.

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8

Huang, Yongchuang, Junxiu Liu, Jim Harkin, Liam McDaid, and Yuling Luo. "An memristor-based synapse implementation using BCM learning rule." Neurocomputing 423 (January 2021): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.10.106.

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9

Baras, Dorit, and Ron Meir. "Reinforcement Learning, Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity, and the BCM Rule." Neural Computation 19, no. 8 (2007): 2245–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.8.2245.

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Learning agents, whether natural or artificial, must update their internal parameters in order to improve their behavior over time. In reinforcement learning, this plasticity is influenced by an environmental signal, termed a reward, that directs the changes in appropriate directions. We apply a recently introduced policy learning algorithm from machine learning to networks of spiking neurons and derive a spike-time-dependent plasticity rule that ensures convergence to a local optimum of the expected average reward. The approach is applicable to a broad class of neuronal models, including the

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Aguilar-Canto, Fernando, and Hiram Calvo. "A Hebbian Approach to Non-Spatial Prelinguistic Reasoning." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020281.

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This research integrates key concepts of Computational Neuroscience, including the Bienestock-CooperMunro (BCM) rule, Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity Rules (STDP), and the Temporal Difference Learning algorithm, with an important structure of Deep Learning (Convolutional Networks) to create an architecture with the potential of replicating observations of some cognitive experiments (particularly, those that provided some basis for sequential reasoning) while sharing the advantages already achieved by the previous proposals. In particular, we present Ring Model B, which is capable of associat

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11

Liu, Sensen, and ShiNung Ching. "Recurrent Information Optimization with Local, Metaplastic Synaptic Dynamics." Neural Computation 29, no. 9 (2017): 2528–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00993.

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We consider the problem of optimizing information-theoretic quantities in recurrent networks via synaptic learning. In contrast to feedforward networks, the recurrence presents a key challenge insofar as an optimal learning rule must aggregate the joint distribution of the whole network. This challenge, in particular, makes a local policy (i.e., one that depends on only pairwise interactions) difficult. Here, we report a local metaplastic learning rule that performs approximate optimization by estimating whole-network statistics through the use of several slow, nested dynamical variables. Thes

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12

Benuskova, Lubica, and Wickliffe C. Abraham. "STDP rule endowed with the BCM sliding threshold accounts for hippocampal heterosynaptic plasticity." Journal of Computational Neuroscience 22, no. 2 (2006): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10827-006-0002-x.

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13

Narayanan, Rishikesh, and Daniel Johnston. "The h Current Is a Candidate Mechanism for Regulating the Sliding Modification Threshold in a BCM-Like Synaptic Learning Rule." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (2010): 1020–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01129.2009.

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Hebbian synaptic plasticity acts as a positive feedback mechanism and can destabilize a neuronal network unless concomitant homeostatic processes that counterbalance this instability are activated. Within a Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM)-like plasticity framework, such compensation is achieved through a modification threshold that slides in an activity-dependent fashion. Although the BCM-like plasticity framework has been a useful formulation to understand synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity, a mechanism for the activity-dependent regulation of this modification threshold has remained an op

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Klampfl, Stefan, Robert Legenstein, and Wolfgang Maass. "Spiking Neurons Can Learn to Solve Information Bottleneck Problems and Extract Independent Components." Neural Computation 21, no. 4 (2009): 911–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.01-07-432.

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Independent component analysis (or blind source separation) is assumed to be an essential component of sensory processing in the brain and could provide a less redundant representation about the external world. Another powerful processing strategy is the optimization of internal representations according to the information bottleneck method. This method would allow extracting preferentially those components from high-dimensional sensory input streams that are related to other information sources, such as internal predictions or proprioceptive feedback. However, there exists a lack of models th

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15

Bush, Daniel, Andrew Philippides, Phil Husbands, and Michael O'Shea. "Reconciling the STDP and BCM Models of Synaptic Plasticity in a Spiking Recurrent Neural Network." Neural Computation 22, no. 8 (2010): 2059–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00003-bush.

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Rate-coded Hebbian learning, as characterized by the BCM formulation, is an established computational model of synaptic plasticity. Recently it has been demonstrated that changes in the strength of synapses in vivo can also depend explicitly on the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic firing. Computational modeling of this spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) has demonstrated that it can provide inherent stability or competition based on local synaptic variables. However, it has also been demonstrated that these properties rely on synaptic weights being either depressed or unchanged by

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16

Castellani, G. C., N. Intrator, H. Shouval, and L. N. Cooper. "Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting nonlinear neurons." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 10, no. 2 (1999): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_10_2_001.

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17

Hermán, Peter, László Kocsis, and Andras Eke. "Fractal Branching Pattern in the Pial Vasculature in the Cat." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 21, no. 6 (2001): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200106000-00012.

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Arborization pattern was studied in pial vascular networks by treating them as fractals. Rather than applying elaborate taxonomy assembled from measures from individual vessel segments and bifurcations arranged in their branching order, the authors' approach captured the structural details at once in high-resolution digital images processed for the skeleton of the networks. The pial networks appear random and at the same time having structural elements similar to each other when viewed at different scales—a property known as self-similarity revealed by the geometry of fractals. Fractal (capaci

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18

Stevens, S., M. Scheuerman, K. Van Hoeck, and V. Saldien. "Assessing fluid shifts in the pediatric surgical patient: is bioimpedance a promising tool." Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica 74, no. 3 (2023): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56126/74.3.18.

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Background: assessing the fluid status of pediatric surgical patients is still a difficult task Objectives: assessing fluid shifts pre- and postoperatively in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia using bioimpedance spectrometry (BIS) and assessing BIS in practice as a tool for fluid research in the anesthetic setting. Design: single center prospective pilot study Method: we included pediatric surgical patients age 2-16 yrs, the Total Body Water (TBW) was measured using the Body Composition Monitor (BCM, Fresenius Kabi) pre- and postoperatively. anesthetic management was otherwise r

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19

Beggs, John M. "A Statistical Theory of Long-Term Potentiation and Depression." Neural Computation 13, no. 1 (2001): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014646.

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The synaptic phenomena of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been intensively studied for over twenty-five years. Although many diverse aspects of these forms of plasticity have been observed, no single theory has offered a unifying explanation for them. Here, a statistical “bin” model is proposed to account for a variety of features observed in LTP and LTD experiments performed with field potentials in mammalian cortical slices. It is hypothesized that long-term synaptic changes will be induced when statistically unlikely conjunctions of pre- and postsynaptic act

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20

Bhalla, Upinder S. "HillTau: A fast, compact abstraction for model reduction in biochemical signaling networks." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 11 (2021): e1009621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009621.

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Signaling networks mediate many aspects of cellular function. The conventional, mechanistically motivated approach to modeling such networks is through mass-action chemistry, which maps directly to biological entities and facilitates experimental tests and predictions. However such models are complex, need many parameters, and are computationally costly. Here we introduce the HillTau form for signaling models. HillTau retains the direct mapping to biological observables, but it uses far fewer parameters, and is 100 to over 1000 times faster than ODE-based methods. In the HillTau formalism, the

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21

Lee, Aram, and Jeonghwan Kim. "Analysis of Bargaining Power between the EU and Russia by Altering Gas Supply Network Structure." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054655.

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Global natural gas trade volume amounted to 1300 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2021 and it is expected to increase regarding the growing concern for low-carbon emission fuel. However, natural gas requires special infrastructure in the transportation stage such as natural gas pipelines or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants and tankers. We use a Network Game theory where natural gas supply networks are treated as edges and adopt the Link-based Flexible Network Allocation Rule (LBFN) as a solution concept that can replace the Shapley Value. Our study reveals that Russia’s efforts to build diversi

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22

Lian, Yanbo, Ali Almasi, David B. Grayden, Tatiana Kameneva, Anthony N. Burkitt, and Hamish Meffin. "Learning receptive field properties of complex cells in V1." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (2021): e1007957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007957.

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There are two distinct classes of cells in the primary visual cortex (V1): simple cells and complex cells. One defining feature of complex cells is their spatial phase invariance; they respond strongly to oriented grating stimuli with a preferred orientation but with a wide range of spatial phases. A classical model of complete spatial phase invariance in complex cells is the energy model, in which the responses are the sum of the squared outputs of two linear spatially phase-shifted filters. However, recent experimental studies have shown that complex cells have a diverse range of spatial pha

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23

Jedlicka, Peter, Lubica Benuskova, and Wickliffe C. Abraham. "A Voltage-Based STDP Rule Combined with Fast BCM-Like Metaplasticity Accounts for LTP and Concurrent “Heterosynaptic” LTD in the Dentate Gyrus In Vivo." PLOS Computational Biology 11, no. 11 (2015): e1004588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004588.

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24

Platzer, Christine, and Arndt Bröder. "When the Rule is Ruled Out: Exemplars and Rules in Decisions from Memory." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 26, no. 5 (2012): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1776.

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25

Aiken, Deborah V. "When Benefit-Cost Analysis Becomes Optional: Regulatory Analysis at the Consumer Product Safety Commission in the CPSIA Era." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 10, no. 3 (2019): 404–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2019.18.

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AbstractIn this study, I examine how the regulatory analysis practices of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), an independent regulatory agency, changed when the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) of 2008 relaxed its statutory obligations to conduct benefit-cost analysis (BCA). When given discretion, the agency dropped the practice despite significant institutional experience in conducting regulatory BCA and a history of using BCA as a key input to regulatory decisions. While the decision reflects an agency belief that omitting BCA would speed rulemaking under the CPSIA,

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Wang, Bo, Fu-hua Lin, Xiang-yang Li, et al. "Isothermal Crystallization and Rheology Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Composite." Polymers 10, no. 11 (2018): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111284.

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a new kind of cellulose with great potential in enhancing preparation of isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) composites, which have been found with excellent performance. However, the interface compatibility between BC and iPP is poor. In this study, iPP/BC composites were prepared by solution mixing. Esterification modified BC (CO) and Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) added as a compatibilizer was both used to improve the interfacial compatibility of the iPP/BC composites. The rheology and isothermal crystallization behavior of the composites was tested and

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27

Bassett, Mark J. "The Dark Corona Character in Seedcoats of Common Bean Cosegregates with the Pink Flower Allele vlae." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 3 (1995): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.3.520.

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Crosses were made with two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) parents that have pink flowers (vlae/-) and mineral-brown seedcoats with dark corona, viz., vlae BC3 5-593 (derived from Lamprecht V0491) and F3 vlae dark corona (derived from Lamprecht M0048). The third parent v BC2 5-593 had white flowers (v/v) and mineral-brown seedcoats without dark corona (derived from Lamprecht M0056). The F2 progenies of the crosses v BC2 5-593 × vlae BC3 5-593 and F3vlae dark corona × v BC2 5-593 segregated for only two phenotypic classes: either pink flowers and seeds with dark corona or white flowers and

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28

Berger, Stefan M., Iván Fernández-Lamo, Kai Schönig, et al. "Forebrain-specific, conditional silencing of Staufen2 alters synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory in rats." Genome Biology 18, no. 1 (2017): 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1350-8.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Dendritic messenger RNA (mRNA) localization and subsequent local translation in dendrites critically contributes to synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Little is known, however, about the contribution of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to these processes in vivo.<strong>Results: </strong>To delineate the role of the double-stranded RBP Staufen2 (Stau2), we generate a transgenic rat model, in which Stau2 expression is conditionally silenced by Cre-inducible expression of a microRNA (miRNA) targeting Stau2 mRNA in adult forebrain neurons. Known physiological mRN

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Bennear, Lori S., and Jonathan B. Wiener. "Institutional Roles and Goals for Retrospective Regulatory Analysis." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 3 (2021): 466–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2021.10.

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AbstractDespite repeated calls for retrospective regulatory review by every President since the 1970s, progress on implementing such reviews has been slow. We argue that part of the explanation for the slow progress to date stems from misalignment between the goals of regulatory review and the institutional framework used for the review. We define three distinct goals of regulatory review – the rule relevance goal, the rule improvement goal, and the regulatory learning goal. We then examine the text of the Presidential Executive Orders and major Congressional legislation addressing retrospecti

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30

Packianather, Michael S., Ammar K. Al-Musawi, and Fatih Anayi. "Bee for mining (B4M) – A novel rule discovery method using the Bees algorithm with quality-weight and coverage-weight." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 14 (2019): 5101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219833719.

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This paper proposes a novel tool known as Bee for Mining (B4M) for classification tasks, which enables the Bees Algorithm (BA) to discover rules automatically. In the proposed B4M, two parameters namely quality-weight and coverage-weight have been added to the BA to avoid any ambiguous situations during the prediction phase. The contributions of the proposed B4M algorithm are two-fold: the first novel contribution is in the field of swarm intelligence, using a new version of BA for automatic rule discovery, and the second novel contribution is the formulation of a weight metric based on quailt

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Fraas, Art, and Alex Egorenkov. "Retrospective Analyses Are Hard: A Cautionary Tale from EPA’s Air Toxics Regulations." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 9, no. 2 (2017): 247–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2017.8.

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Under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was required to establish standards limiting air toxics emissions from industrial plants. This paper examines the effects of five of the largest-cost rules issued by EPA in the initial round of air toxics rulemaking over the 1995 to 2000 period. Our estimates suggest that plants in the printing and publishing and pulp and paper industries realized important reductions in their air toxics emissions in the period between publication of the final rule and the effective date for compliance with the rule – altho

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32

Ferreira, Cátia, José Gamonales, Mário Espada, and Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez. "The Influence of Boccia Classification on the Performance in International-level Events." E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science 21, no. 2 (2025): 277–90. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.277.

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Boccia, played by people with disabilities, is associated with a classification system based on the athletes' functional capacity, aiming to ensure that performance in this adapted sport is only determined by an athlete's sporting excellence. This study aimed to analyse the influence of classification on the performance of Boccia in international-level events. The official results of the 2012 and 2016 Boccia Paralympic Games (PG), 2017 European Championships (EC), and 2018 World Championships (WC) were considered for analysis, a total of 3.962 partials, which represent 47.544 ball throws by pl

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Massardi, Adhie, Sandy Samsul Bahry, Nur Anindya Rahmawati, Carissa Azmi Shabirah, and Artini Pangastuti. "Bioactive Compounds from Penicillium sp. Inhibit Antiapoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1: An in silico Study." Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v7i2.330.

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Background: Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are overexpressed in cancer cells, leading to inhibition of apoptosis and the development of therapeutic resistance. Targeting only one type of antiapoptotic protein may have limited efficacy in cancer therapy. Anticancer drugs capable of inhibiting Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 simultaneously are necessary to be explored. Penicillium sp. produces various bioactive compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The aim of this research was to determine the best bioactive compound candidates for inhibiting Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins

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Eldeeb, Mohamed A., Luana C. A. Leitao, and Richard P. Fahlman. "Emerging branches of the N-end rule pathways are revealing the sequence complexities of N-termini dependent protein degradation." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 96, no. 3 (2018): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2017-0274.

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The N-end rule links the identity of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein to its in vivo half-life, as some N-terminal residues confer metabolic instability to a protein via their recognition by the cellular machinery that targets them for degradation. Since its discovery, the N-end rule has generally been defined as set of rules of whether an N-terminal residue is stabilizing or not. However, recent studies are revealing that the N-terminal code of amino acids conferring protein instability is more complex than previously appreciated, as recent investigations are revealing that the identity

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35

Liu, Yong. "Influence Function Analysis of PCA and BCM Learning." Neural Computation 6, no. 6 (1994): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1994.6.6.1276.

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Based on the influence function (Hampel et al. 1986), we analyze several forms of learning rules under the influence of abnormal inputs (outliers). Principal component analysis (PCA) learning rules (Oja 1982, 1989, 1992) are shown to be sensitive to the influence of outliers. Biologically motivated robust PCA learning rules are proposed. The variants of BCM learning (Bienenstock et al. 1982; Intrator 1990b) with linear neurons are shown to be subject to the influence of outliers, in contrast they are shown to be robust to outliers with sigmoidal neurons.

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Kowalski, Tomasz, and Lloyd Humberstone. "An Abelian Rule for BCI—and Variations." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 57, no. 4 (2016): 551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00294527-3679398.

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37

Sahn, Sarah. "Rule by Ellen Goodlett." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 72, no. 3 (2018): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0758.

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Li, Ang, Qinxuan Li, Caihong Jia, and Weifeng Zhang. "Normal and abnormal BCM rules realized in BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 heterojunction." Physica B: Condensed Matter 656 (May 2023): 414777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2023.414777.

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Morrison, Hope. "Tools Rule by Aaron Meshon." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 67, no. 8 (2014): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2014.0233.

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Ji, Zhenxing, Haiyang Yi, Gen Li, Bingbing Liu, and Zhide Wu. "Numerical Implementation of the Barcelona Basic Model Based on Return-Mapping Integration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 11933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311933.

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This paper implemented the Barcelona basic model (BBM) into the OpenGeoSys (OGS) platform for numerical modeling of the coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) behavior of unsaturated soil. Within the implicit integration approach in the OGS, the integration rule of the BBM was developed first and the integration form of the BBM under a return mapping algorithm was built. The closest point projection method was used for calculating the return mapping directions with the associative flow rule. The numerical simulation results show that the BBM is feasible in fitting the experimental results. The numerica

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Abd Karim, Shahiratul Amalina, Ummul Hanan Mohamad, and Puteri Nor Ellyza Nohuddin. "Discovery of Interpretable Patterns of Breast Cancer Diagnosis via Class Association Rule Mining (CARM) With SHAP-Based Explainable AI (XAI)." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 21, no. 3 (2025): 2008–31. https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v21n3.3792.

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Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women globally highlighting the importance of early and reliable diagnostic methods. While previous studies have applied association rules mining (ARM) to explore factors contributing to breast cancer, many lacked robust validation of the extracted rules. To address this gap and deepen our understanding of the key biological markers linked to the disease, this study proposes a hybrid framework that integrates Class Association Rule Mining (CARM) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values based on Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boost (GB

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Liu, Puning. "The Adoption of Neo-Confucianism in Discussing Legitimacy Dispute." Asian Culture and History 10, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v10n1p43.

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Lipset (1960) denotes legitimacy as “the capacity of the system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing political institutions are the most appropriate ones for the society.” All political powers, including Chinese dynasties in history, needed legitimacy to ensure their governance. In general, Western thinkers who discuss political legitimacy could be identified into two groups (Habermas, 1979). The “empiricists”, likes Max Weber, studies legitimacy in an empirical method, focusing on the types, constitutions, functions, and evolutions of legitimacy. The second group consists of

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Luo, Juan, Guo Zheng Kang, Otto T. Bruhns, and Chuan Zeng Zhang. "Cyclic Polycrystalline Viscoplastic Model for Ratchetting of a Body Centered Cubic Metal." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.173.

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In the framework of crystal plasticity, a new cyclic polycrystalline viscoplastic model is constructed to describe the uniaxial ratchetting of a body centered cubic (BCC) metal. At the intra-granular scale, a combined kinematic hardening rule similar to the Ohno-Abdel-Karim model is employed to address the ratchetting within each single crystal grain; and two sets of slip systems with different resistances to dislocation slip, i.e., primary and secondary ones, are considered to capture the physical nature of dislocation slips in a body centered cubic (BCC) metal. At the inter-granular scale, a

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Tettero, Jesse Marc, Elmer van Eeghen, and Albertus Jozef Kooter. "Extreme hypercalcaemia caused by immobilisation due to acute spinal cord injury." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): e241386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-241386.

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Hypercalcaemia due to immobilisation is an uncommon diagnosis and requires extensive evaluation to rule out common causes of hypercalcaemia such as primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy.We report an unusual case of profound hypercalcaemia due to immobilisation in a young man due to acute spinal cord ischaemia, leading to paraplegia. Other causes of hypercalcaemia were ruled out and elevated bone turnover markers supported our hypothesis. Conventional treatment with intravenous fluids, bisphosphonates and diuretics was insufficient. Subcutaneous calcitonin lowered the plasma calcium acutel

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Ward, Ben. "Thy Kingdom Come in BAM as It Is in Heaven: Implications on Defining the Kingdom of God in BAM Businesses." Religions 12, no. 8 (2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080557.

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Business as Mission (BAM) is a subcategory of Social Entrepreneurship as it seeks cultural innovation from a Christian perspective focusing specifically on economic uplift and religious direction. Most BAM authors describe the kingdom of God as the reign of God. In a theological review, I will show that defining kingdom simply as God’s rule is not a complete view of the kingdom. Rather, a more robust definition of the kingdom is preferred in biblical and theological studies that focuses on God’s people in God’s place under God’s rule. Therefore, the BAM community can adopt a refined definition

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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Rule of Wolves by Leigh Bardugo." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 74, no. 8 (2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2021.0136.

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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Strange Sweet Song by Adi Rule." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 67, no. 7 (2014): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2014.0209.

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Gross, Claire. "The Sundown Rule (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 64, no. 7 (2011): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2011.0174.

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Deborah Stevenson. "The Unwritten Rule (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 63, no. 9 (2010): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.1777.

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Gispert, Joan, and Antoni Torrens. "Lattice BCK logics with Modus Ponens as unique rule." Mathematical Logic Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2014): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/malq.201300065.

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