Relevant bibliographies by topics / BDF method

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'BDF method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "BDF method"

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Zhang, Chenyu, Xiaodong Du, Songhan Zeng, et al. "Photolytic Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzofurans (PBDFs) in Various Simulated Soil-Washing Solutions Containing Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1806. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061806.

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Soil washing is an efficient method to remove polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from contaminated soils. The obtained solutions from soil-washing still contain PBDEs, requiring further treatment before disposal or reuse. Although photolysis is effective for PBDE degradation in solutions, the concurrent formation of toxic polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) may limit its practical application. In this study, 2,8-dibromodibenzofurans (2,8-BDF) formation rate and mechanisms during 2,4,4′-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-28) photolysis in various simulated soil-washing solutions was investigated.
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Mariame, Cissé, Assoumou Ebah Carine, Kouadio Natia Joseph, Kra Kouassi A. Séverin, and Niamké Sébastien. "Nutritional Evaluation and Sensory Description of Five Porridges Formulated from Certain Local Commodities for Use as Supplementary Foods for Children in Côte d’Ivoire." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 12, no. 10 (2024): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2024.v12i10.005.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritional, vitamin and sensory potential of porridges for infant feeding. Endeed, malnutrition in weaning infants and young children is a major public health and social problem in developing countries. It is therefore essential to develop appropriate complementary food formulations to address this problem. In this context, different flours have been developed from local raw materials (cereals and pulses) in combination with other ingredients. Five porridges, B1F, B2F, B3F, B4F and B5F were prepared from five flours formulated with several ingredients
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Fook, Tiaw Kah, and Zarina Bibi Ibrahim. "Block Backward Differentiation Formulas for solving second order Fuzzy Differential Equations." MATEMATIKA 33, no. 2 (2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/matematika.v33.n2.868.

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In this paper, we study the numerical method for solving second order Fuzzy Differential Equations (FDEs) using Block Backward Differential Formulas (BBDF) under generalized concept of higher-order fuzzy differentiability. Implementation of the method using Newton iteration is discussed. Numerical results obtained by BBDF are presented and compared with Backward Differential Formulas (BDF) and exact solutions. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate our methods.
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Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi, Kiyoshi Imamura, Masakazu Furuta, Luu Van Boi, and Yasuaki Maeda. "Production of biodiesel from Vernicia montana Lour. oil using a co-solvent method and the subsequent evaluation of its stability during storage." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 2 (2018): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2016-0215.

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AbstractThe costs associated with the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) are directly affected by the nature of the feedstock material and the methods used during the production process. In Southeast Asia, many non-edible oils are used to produce BDFs, as exemplified by the recent use of the non-edible oil derived fromVernicia montanaLour. in Laos and Vietnam for the production of BDF. In this work, we developed an improved procedure for the production of BDF fromVernicia montanaoil consisting of 80.3%±0.5% α-eleostearic acid moiety (C18:3) using a co-solvent method. Furthermore, the stability
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Prianka, Dian. "Evaluating the Impact of Basic Design Fundamentals Education on the Creative Process of Fashion Design Students in Surabaya, Indonesia." Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Education 1, no. 1 (2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/qxkg8a61.

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This academic paper explores the influence of Basic Design Fundamentals (BDF) education on the creative process of fashion design students in Surabaya, Indonesia. BDF education, rooted in the principles of design, serves as a foundational element in various design disciplines, including fashion. The study employs a mixed-method research approach, combining quantitative Likert scale assessments and qualitative interviews with ten students from the University of Surabaya's fashion design program. The research reveals that BDF education significantly enhances the creative abilities of fashion des
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Ryanividya, Dunyafanisa Nurul Aulia, Ahmad Alamsyah, and Siska Cicilia. "Mutu Kue Bingka Dolu pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Substitusi Terigu dengan Tepung Sorgum." Pro Food 8, no. 2 (2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v8i2.273.

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Bingka dolu is a traditional snack from Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. They are much favored by the community because because of the unique taste and flavor. This study aims to determine the percentage of the use of the best sorghum flour as a substitute for flour on the quality of bingka dolu. This research method was CRD with one factor, namely the percentage of substitution of flour with sorghum flour (BD), namely BD0 (100%: 0%); BD1 (80% : 20%); BD2 (605 : 40%); BD3(40% : 60%); BD4 (20% : 80%) and BD5 (0% : 100%) with parameters such as moisture content, ash, crude fiber, taste, aroma, and text
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Suehara, Ken-Ichiro, Kazuo Owari, Jiro Kohda, Yasuhisa Nakano, and Takuo Yano. "Rapid and Simple Determination of Oil and Urea Concentrations and Solids Content to Monitor Biodegradation Conditions of Wastewater Discharged from a Biodiesel Fuel Production Plant." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 15, no. 2 (2007): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.721.

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To prepare and maintain the optimal biodegradation conditions of wastewater discharged from a biodiesel fuel (BDF) production process with alkali–catalysis transesterification, rapid and simple methods were investigated to measure oil (carbon source of microorganisms) and urea (nitrogen source) concentrations and solids content (indicator of growth inhibition of microorganism) of the wastewater. Two non-destructive methods were investigated. First, physical properties of the BDF wastewater such as electric conductivity (EC), specific gravity (Sp.Gr.) and Brix values were measured and the value
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Momoniat, E., C. Harley, and M. Berman. "On the Use of Backward Difference Formulae to Improve the Prediction of Direction in Market Related Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/652653.

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The use of a BDF method as a tool to correct the direction of predictions made using curve fitting techniques is investigated. Random data is generated in such a fashion that it has the same properties as the data we are modelling. The data is assumed to have “memory” such that certain information imbedded in the data will remain within a certain range of points. Data within this period where “memory” exists—say at time stepst1,t2,…,tn—is curve-fitted to produce a prediction at the next discrete time step,tn+1. In this manner a vector of predictions is generated and converted into a discrete o
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Baleanu, Dumitru, Mohammad Mehdizadeh Khalsaraei, Ali Shokri, and Kamal Kaveh. "On the boundedness stepsizes-coefficients of A-BDF methods." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 2 (2022): 1562–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022091.

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<abstract><p>Physical constraints must be taken into account in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in modeling physical phenomenon time evolution of chemical or biological species. In other words, numerical schemes ought to be devised in a way that numerical results may have the same qualitative properties as those of the theoretical results. Methods with monotonicity preserving property possess a qualitative feature that renders them practically proper for solving hyperbolic systems. The need for monotonicity signifies the essential boundedness properties necessary for
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Stewart, Jared, Mayya Tokman, Valentin Dallerit, Fabrizio Bisetti, and Oscar Diaz-Ibarra. "Variable Time-stepping Exponential Integrators for Chemical Reactors with Analytical Jacobians." Applied and Computational Mathematics 13, no. 2 (2024): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20241302.11.

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Chemical combustion problems are known to be stiff and therefore difficult to efficiently integrate in time when numerically simulated. Implicit methods, such as backwards differentiation formula (BDF), are widely considered to be the state-of-the-art methods owing their capability of taking relatively large time-steps while maintaining accurate combustion characteristics. Exponential time integration methods have recently demonstrated the ability to accurately and efficiently solve large scale systems of ordinary differential equations. This study introduces a novel adaptive time stepping exp
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BDF method"

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Clément, Jean-Baptiste. "Simulation numérique des écoulements en milieu poreux non-saturés par une méthode de Galerkine discontinue adaptative : application aux plages sableuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0022.

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Les écoulements en milieux poreux non-saturés sont modélisés par l'équation de Richards qui est une équation non-linéaire parabolique dégénérée. Ses limites et les défis que soulèvent sa résolution numérique sont présentés. L'obtention de résultats robustes, précis et efficaces est difficile en particulier à cause des fronts de saturation raides et dynamiques induits par les propriétés hydrauliques non-linéaires. L'équation de Richards est discrétisée par une méthode de Galerkine discontinue en espace et des formules de différentiation rétrograde en temps. Le schéma numérique résultant est con
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von, Glehn Ingrid. "A closest point penalty method for evolution equations on surfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29385f90-b927-4151-b5df-cf877cef00ef.

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This thesis introduces and analyses a numerical method for solving time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) on surfaces. This method is based on the closest point method, and solves the surface PDE by solving a suitably chosen equation in a band surrounding the surface. As it uses an implicit closest point representation of the surface, the method has the advantages of being simple to implement for very general surfaces, and amenable to discretization with a broad class of numerical schemes. The method proposed in this work introduces a new equation in the embedding space, which sa
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Beigel, Dörte [Verfasser], and Hans Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Bock. "Efficient goal-oriented global error estimation for BDF-type methods using discrete adjoints / Dörte Beigel ; Betreuer: Hans Georg Bock." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1177148099/34.

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Jando, Dörte [Verfasser], and Hans Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Bock. "Efficient goal-oriented global error estimation for BDF-type methods using discrete adjoints / Dörte Beigel ; Betreuer: Hans Georg Bock." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-143177.

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Feng, Xiaofan. "Comparison of methods for generation of absolute reflectance factor measurement for BRDF studies /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10922.

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Al-Mohammad, Alaa. "Getting a monkey to do your bidding : developing a Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) method for use in monkeys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277094.

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The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak method (BDM) is an auction-like mechanism widely used in behavioural economics, marketing research, and, more recently, in neuroimaging studies of human decision making. The BDM has never been used with animal subjects before, yet its application in monkeys would allow for comparison of studies across species while providing a direct measure of what a reward is worth to a monkey in a single experimental trial. In the BDM, a subject is given a budget with which they can place a bid for some reward, and a computer then randomly selects a competing bid. If the subject’
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Tang, Yuxiao. "Valuation of Mortgage Backed Securities with Prepayment using BDT Model and Monte Carlo Methods." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1184.

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Mortgage backed securities are one of the most important asset classes available to fixed income investors. They are also essential to the functioning of the financial and housing market by providing liquidity to the home mortgage market. Proliferation and wide spread acceptance of mortgage backed securities resulted in a significant deduction of the interest rates for home mortgages. The 2007-2010 financial crisis sparked enhanced scrutiny of the accuracy of the pricing of mortgage backed securities. The purpose of the present thesis is to develop a computer based mathematical methodology to
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Sollmann, Daniela. "Charakterisierung der BDV-Infektion bei neugeboren-aerogen-infizierten Ratten mittels immunhistochemischer Methoden." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98731680X/04.

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White, Alan Gordon. "CAMP-BDI : an approach for multiagent systems robustness through capability-aware agents maintaining plans." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31465.

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Rational agent behaviour is frequently achieved through the use of plans, particularly within the widely used BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) model for intelligent agents. As a consequence, preventing or handling failure of planned activity is a vital component in building robust multiagent systems; this is especially true in realistic environments, where unpredictable exogenous change during plan execution may threaten intended activities. Although reactive approaches can be employed to respond to activity failure through replanning or plan-repair, failure may have debilitative effects that act
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ELSOSSA, HASNA. "Quelques methodes d'elements finis mixtes raffinees basees sur l'utilisation des champs de raviart-thomas." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1d878700-bd2f-48db-91c4-a2f9630c3af5.

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Dans ce travail, nous etudions le raffinement de maillage pour des methodes d'elements finis mixtes et ce pour deux types de problemes : le premier concerne le probleme de laplace et le second le probleme de stokes. Pour ces deux types de problemes et dans des domaines non reguliers, les methodes analysees jusqu'a present, sont celles qui concernent des formulations mixtes classiques par exemple en vitesse pression pour le systeme de stokes. Ici, nous analysons, pour le probleme de laplace, la formulation mixte duale en (p : = grad u, u) et pour le systeme de stokes, la formulation mixte duale
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Books on the topic "BDF method"

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Susie, Hondl, and Templeton Inez, eds. Architecture is participation: Die Baupiloten - methods and projects. Jovis, 2014.

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Trevor, Haworth John, ed. Psychological research: Innovative methods and strategies. Routledge, 1996.

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Sue, Derald Wing. Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. 4th ed. J. Wiley, 2003.

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Ury, William. Getting past no: Negotiating with difficult people. Bantam Books, 1991.

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Ury, William. Getting past no: Negotiating your way from confrontation to cooperation. Bantam Books, 1993.

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Sue, Derald Wing. Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. 5th ed. John Wiley, 2007.

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Ury, William. Getting past no: Negotiating with difficult people. Century Business, 1992.

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1946-, Patterson Kerry, ed. Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High. McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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Joseph, Grenny, and Switzler Al, eds. Crucial conversations. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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E, Doflein. Doflein Method Bd3 2+3 Posit - Vl. Schott, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "BDF method"

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Albersmeyer, Jan, and Hans Georg Bock. "Sensitivity Generation in an Adaptive BDF-Method." In Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79409-7_2.

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Frochte, Jörg. "BDF-Verfahren für zeitabhängige Modelle." In Finite-Elemente-Methode. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-446-46967-9_8.

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Frochte, Jörg. "BDF-Verfahren für zeitabhängige Modelle." In Finite-Elemente-Methode, 2nd ed. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446469679.007.

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Frochte, Jörg. "BDF-Verfahren für zeitabhängige Modelle." In Finite-Elemente-Methode. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446449091.007.

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Baillot, Patrick, Ugo Dal Lago, Cynthia Kop, and Deivid Vale. "On Basic Feasible Functionals and the Interpretation Method." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57231-9_4.

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AbstractThe class of basic feasible functionals ($$\texttt{BFF}$$ BFF ) is the analog of $$\texttt{FP}$$ FP (polynomial time functions) for type-2 functionals, that is, functionals that can take (first-order) functions as arguments. $$\texttt{BFF}$$ BFF can be defined through Oracle Turing machines with running time bounded by second-order polynomials. On the other hand, higher-order term rewriting provides an elegant formalism for expressing higher-order computation. We address the problem of characterizing $$\texttt{BFF}$$ BFF by higher-order term rewriting. Various kinds of interpretations
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Zenil, Hector, Fernando Soler Toscano, and Nicolas Gauvrit. "Conditional BDM." In Methods and Applications of Algorithmic Complexity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64985-5_7.

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Cabodi, Gianpiero, and Marco Murciano. "BDD-Based Hardware Verification." In Formal Methods for Hardware Verification. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11757283_4.

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Forth, S. A. "A Second Order Accurate, Space-Time Limited, BDF Scheme for the Linear Advection Equation." In Godunov Methods. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0663-8_35.

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Allaart-Bruin, Sandra, Jan ter Maten, and Sjoerd Verduyn Lunel. "Modified Extended BDF Time-Integration Methods, Applied to Circuit Equations." In Scientific Computing in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55872-6_7.

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Steigerwald, Michael F. "BDF Methods for DAEs in Multi-body Dynamics: Shortcomings and Improvements." In Real-Time Integration Methods for Mechanical System Simulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76159-1_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "BDF method"

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Jacquemart, Alexandre, Sio-Song Ieng, Mokrane Hadj-Bachir, and Dominique Gruyer. "A new Method for parametric BBF generation." In 2024 27th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fusion59988.2024.10706296.

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zhao, long, and yuhan zhang. "BDS/VIO integrated navigation method based on improved unscented Kalman filter." In Eighth International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2024), edited by Xiantao Xiao and Jia Yao. SPIE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054499.

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Bahadori, Kasra Shayar, Bruce Brown, and Marc Singer. "Investigation of CO2 Corrosion Inhibitor Adsorption and Desorption Behavior Using Langmuir Isotherm Model and Effects of Iron Carbide on CI Persistency." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19451.

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Abstract One of the most conventional methods to mitigate CO2 corrosion of pipelines in the oil and gas industry is to use chemical corrosion inhibitors. Probably the most commonly used inhibition method in the upstream oil and gas industry involves the continuous injection of an appropriate chemical formulation package to maintain a constant concentration of inhibitor in the fluid flowing through the pipeline. Selection of the inhibitor package is typically done through a tedious laboratory testing campaign, which involves the determination of the inhibitor efficiency and persistency in simul
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Jankowska, Magorzata, and Andrzej Marcinak. "An Interval Version of the Backward Differentiation (BDF) Method." In 12th GAMM - IMACS International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic and Validated Numerics (SCAN 2006). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scan.2006.8.

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Klaij, C. "Verification of BDF Time-Integration Method with Variable Step Size." In 14th WCCM-ECCOMAS Congress. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/wccm-eccomas.2020.357.

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Жданов, Дмитрий, Dmitriy Zhdanov, Игорь Потемин, et al. "Photorealistic Visualization of Fluorescence Materials with Dual Surface Scattering." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-48-52.

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We describe a simple method to extract fluorescent characteristics of a surface by combining measurements by a "usual" gonioreflectormeter GSCM-4 and fluorimeter FP-8600. The fluorescent BDF consists of three components: glossy near-specular peak which is not fluorescent and white, highly diffuse “passive” part which is also not fluorescent but colored, and fluorescent part. The latter obviates Kasha’s-Vavilov’s rule (factorization) with good accuracy. The BDFs obtained were used in rendering and shown good visual match with the natural photographs.
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Parrish, Amanda, Arya Sattari, Mohamed El Sgher, Kashy Aminian, and Samuel Ameri. "Application of the Rate Transient Analysis for Estimation of the Stimulated Reservoir Volume Associated with a Marcellus Shale Horizontal Well." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211871-ms.

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Abstract the Flowing Material Balance (FMB) has become popular in recent years because it does not require static (shut-in) pressure data that are needed for the traditional material balance application. This method is particularly useful for the shale reservoirs where shut-in pressure data are rarely available. The application FMB to the shale reservoirs is challenging because of the presence of the adsorbed gas, due to high organic content, and the long time that is required to establish boundary-dominated flow (BDF) due to ultra-low permeability. However, the interference between the fractu
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Tokic, Amir, Vlado Madzarevic, and Ivo Uglesic. "Hysteresis model in transient simulation algorithm based on BDF numerical method." In 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2005.4524523.

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Yang, Zhi, Dimitri Mavriplis, and Jayanarayanan Sitaraman. "Prediction of Helicopter Maneuver Loads Using BDF/Time Spectral Method on Unstructured Meshes." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1122.

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Gavrea, B., D. Negrut, and F. A. Potra. "The Newmark Integration Method for Simulation of Multibody Systems: Analytical Considerations." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81770.

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When simulating the behavior of a mechanical system, the time evolution of the generalized coordinates used to represent the configuration of the model is computed as the solution of a combined set of ordinary differential and algebraic equations (DAEs). There are several ways in which the numerical solution of the resulting index 3 DAE problem can be approached. The most well-known and time-honored algorithms are the direct discretization approach, and the state-space reduction approach, respectively. In the latter, the problem is reduced to a minimal set of potentially new generalized coordi
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Reports on the topic "BDF method"

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Layton, W., and C. Trenchea. Stability of the IMEX Methods, CNLF and BDF2-AB2, for Uncoupling Systems of Evolution Equations. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538555.

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Tiefenthaler, Brigitte, Florentine Frantz, and Katharina Warta. Evaluierung von Mission ERA 2019-2024. Technopolis Group | Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2024.677.

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Das Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung (BMBWF) betreibt seit 2019 das Programm „Mission ERA“ und fördert damit Forschung im Rahmen von Joint Programming Initiativen (JPI). JPI sind ein wesentliches Element des Europäischen Forschungsraums: Mehrere EU-Mitgliedsstaaten finanzieren gemeinsam entlang einer strategischen Agenda kooperative Maßnahmen für Forschung zur Bewältigung der großen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen. Die vorliegende Evaluierung hat die Stärken und Schwächen des Programms kritisch überprüft und liefert evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen an das BMBWF zur We
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Bajwa, Abdullah, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-17201-R03 Residual Gas Fraction Estimation Based on Measured In-Cylinder Pressure - Phase III. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011996.

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An experimental study was carried out to characterize the scavenging behavior of a cross-scavenged, piston-aspirated, two-stroke, natural gas engine to aid in the development of computationally inexpensive simple scavenging models for onboard engine control by (1) studying the effects of changing operational parameters on the engine's scavenging performance, and (2) identifying the underlying phenomena driving the observed effects. Tracer based methods were used to quantify the scavenging and trapping performance of the engine - CO2 was used as a tracer for combustion products and pre-mixed fu
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