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1
Tomenchok, Lara E., Maribeth L. Gidley, Kristina D. Mena, Alesia C. Ferguson, and Helena M. Solo-Gabriele. "Children’s Abrasions in Recreational Beach Areas and a Review of Possible Wound Infections." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 6, 2020): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114060.
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The Beach Exposure and Child Health Study (BEACHES) quantified the behavior of children at recreational beach areas to evaluate how various behaviors might affect their exposure to environmental contaminants such as bacteria and chemicals. Due to limited information in the study about abrasions, we conducted a literature review to examine how marine bacteria cause infections in open wounds. The literature review revealed possible adverse health effects from the bacterium Vibrio vulnificus due to its increasing prevalence and the severity of infection. We used data from the BEACHES study to review children’s behavior and their susceptibility to abrasions. Children six years of age and younger were evaluated before and after 1 h of play for open or healing abrasions at two beaches in Miami-Dade County, Florida (Crandon and Haulover), and two beaches in Galveston County, Texas (Stewart and Seawall). The children were videotaped to monitor their activities and to determine the behavior that would increase their susceptibility to obtaining abrasions. Overall, 58.2% of the children had at least one existing abrasion before playing at the beach, while 8.2% of the children acquired a new abrasion during their time at the beach. Children who acquired new abrasions most often played in the sea water, with new abrasions most frequently occurring on exposed skin surfaces such as the knees. Proper wound care before and after visiting the beach should be encouraged to minimize the risk of bacterial infection, especially considering the possible detrimental impacts that can be caused by some bacterial pathogens through wound exposures.
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Altomare, Tanu, Patrick M. Tarwater, Alesia C. Ferguson, Helena M. Solo-Gabriele, and Kristina D. Mena. "Estimating Health Risks to Children Associated with Recreational Play on Oil Spill-Contaminated Beaches." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010126.
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The human health impact from exposure to contaminated shorelines following an oil spill event has been investigated to some extent. However, the health risks to children have largely been characterized through the use of surveys and extrapolation from adult health outcomes. There is limited information on children’s behaviors during beach play requiring assumptions made based on observations from play activities in home settings. The Beach Exposure and Child Health Study (BEACHES) quantified specific beach activities that can be used to inform human health risk assessments of children playing on beaches impacted by oil spills. The results of this study characterize children’s risk of cancer from exposure to oil spill chemicals by incorporating exposure-related information collected from the BEACHES study and by assuming oral, dermal, and inhalation exposure routes. Point risk estimates are compared with a previous, similar study that applied default exposure parameter values obtained from the published literature. The point risk estimates informed by BEACHES data are one order of magnitude lower compared with the previous risk assessment, with dermal exposures the overall risk driver in both. Additional Monte Carlo simulations evaluating the BEACHES data provide ranges of health risks with the highest estimates associated with dermal and oral exposure routes.
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Kwon, Bum Gun, Jea-Jun Ko, and Jeong-Hun Park. "Qualitative Evaluation of Factors Inducing Environmental Pollution of the Sandy Beaches of Jeju Island Using Styrene Oligomers." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.12.700.
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Objectives : Plastic pollution is a very important environmental issue in Korea as well as abroad. The objective of this study is to evaluate the internal and external factors that cause pollution of the coastal environment of Jeju Island using styrene oligomers (SOs) originated from polystyrene (PS) plastic.Methods : In order to achieve the above objective, this study is conducted to quantitatively measure the concentration of 12 individual SOs chemicals, through gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analyzing seawater and beach sand samples around sandy beaches in Jeju Island. This study evaluates the degree of environmental pollution according to internal or external factors of the sandy beach by using the physicochemical characteristic that SOs species are adsorbed on the surface of sand particles.Results and Discussion : The average concentration of SOs in the beach sand of Jeju Island ranges from a minimum of 9.80 ng/g to a maximum of 13.62 ng/g, and the average concentration of SOs in seawater is relatively low with a constant 0.05 to 0.11 µg/L. Although the concentration distribution of SOs species differs considerably depending on the sample collected, the concentration of SOs decreases in the order of styrene trimers (7 isomers) > styrene dimers (4 isomers) > styrene monomer. As a result of monitoring, the concentration of SOs at the sandy beaches of Jeju Island is much higher in the beach sand than in the seawater. This result means that the major beaches of Jeju Island can be polluted mainly by internal factors (e.g. population density, number of travelers according to population movement, and so on), because SOs species are adsorbed on the surface of the sand particles and their mobility is limited.Conclusions : This study shows that the sandy beaches of Jeju Island are mainly polluted by internal factors. It is thought that the pollution degree of the sandy beaches is the highest in the order of Gwakji Beach < Samyang Beach, Hamdeok Beach, Pyoseon Beach < Ihoteho Beach, Sagye Beach < Seopjikoji Beach, Gimnyeong Beach, and Hyeopjae Beach. This study is expected to contribute to the evaluation of the causes of plastic pollution in the coastal environment of Jeju Island.
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Afghan, Afghan, Carlo Cerrano, Giorgia Luzi, Barbara Calcinai, Stefania Puce, Torcuato Pulido Mantas, Camilla Roveta, and Cristina Gioia Di Camillo. "Main Anthropogenic Impacts on Benthic Macrofauna of Sandy Beaches: A Review." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060405.
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Sandy beaches provide several ecosystem services such as coastal protection and resilience, water filtration and nutrient mineralization. Beaches also represent a hub for social, cultural and economic relationships as well as educational activities. Increasing urbanization, recreational activities and mechanical beach cleaning represent major anthropogenic disturbances on sandy beaches leading to loss of biodiversity as well as good and services. Information about the impacts of anthropogenic pressures on benthic macrofaunal communities could be useful to assess the environmental status of sandy beaches and to promote a sustainable use of beach ecosystem. Here, scientific articles about three major anthropogenic impacts on sandy beach macrofauna were reviewed to provide the state of knowledge about these impacts, to highlight gaps, to supply considerations about the methodologies and the used indicators and to give insights for future studies. The stressors considered in our review are: 1) trampling, 2) breakwater barriers, 3) mechanical beach cleaning. This review underlined that there are few studies regarding individual human disturbances on sandy beach macrofauna and specifically, there is a lack of sufficient indicator species for the assessment of such stressors. Similarly, the researches have covered specific regions, highlighting the need for such studies in other parts of the world. In particular, the impacts of breakwater barriers on surrounding communities has been found to be given less attention in the literature and there is enough that could be explored.
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Freed-Thall, Hannah. "Beaches and Ports." Comparative Literature 73, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8874051.
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Abstract This introduction theorizes the littoral zone as a space for rethinking comparative literature and the environmental humanities. Beaches and ports are among the twentieth century’s most vexed and polyvalent cultural geographies. The article contends that the tidelands should be approached as a representational and geophysical overlap, an amalgamation of industry, biology, text, and image. Beaches and ports are ecological and industrial force fields: spaces of prohibition and pleasure, labor and play, exposure and refuge. They are the staging grounds and terraformed dreamscapes of carbon-based capitalism—but they are also potential commons in which different rhythms of existence come into view.
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Zadel, Zrinka, Daniela Gračan, and Vedran Milojica. "Beaches as a Factor in Achieving Competitiveness of a Tourist Product-Case Study." Pomorstvo 32, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.1.11.
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Beaches are the main part of an integral tourist product of a destination. They represent a highly valuable resource from the aspect of natural, social, economic and recreational potential. They make a tourist product attractive, and represent a motive of arrival to a destination for a certain number of tourists. In order for a beach to be placed in a function of tourist offer and positioning of a tourist destination on the tourist market, and for destination´s tourist product to become more attractive, it is necessary to enrich the offer of beaches according to the desires of market segment while respecting the principles of sustainable development. Beach offer of the Istrian County has been analysed within this paper. While preparing this paper, the authors have used the scientific methodology, which means gathering and the analysis of data from primary and secondary sources. An analysis of domestic and foreign professional and scientific literature has been carried out, as well as the valid law frame of beach managing in the Republic of Croatia. With a goal of analysing the existing state of regulation and managing beaches in the Istrian County, an evaluation of beach resources has been carried out.
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Petracco, Marcelo, Ricardo Silva Cardoso, and Alexander Turra. "Patterns of sandy-beach macrofauna production." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 7 (April 8, 2013): 1717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000246.
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Using data available from the literature, patterns of biomass, production and productivity of sandy-beach macrofauna populations were examined, considering environmental (temperature, exposure, grain size and beach slope) and biological variables (life span and mean body mass) and feeding and taxonomic groups. A total of 102 estimates of both production and biomass and 105 estimates of P/B ratios were collected from 52 studies carried out between 42°46′S and 54°05′N, for 83 sandy-beach macrofauna populations. The negative relationship between P/B ratio and beach slope for the supralittoral amphipods agrees with the Habitat Safety Hypothesis, according to which these forms would show higher mortality in dissipative than in reflective beaches. The observed higher production of filter-feeders in exposed than in sheltered beaches suggests that more food is available for filter-feeders in exposed beaches. The higher production of filter-feeders (represented by bivalves and decapods), than of scavengers/predators (peracarids and gastropods) showed the importance of filter-feeders in the food web of sandy beaches. The P/B ratios were strongly related to life span, but weakly or not related to the mean body mass. The high amphipod P/B ratio was attributed to the short life span of these crustaceans; conversely, gastropods showed the lowest P/B ratio, in accordance with their longer life span. The observed differences in biomass, production and P/B ratios within crustaceans and molluscs were attributed to differences in life-history traits and feeding mode.
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Brewster, B. Chris, Richard E. Gould, and Robert W. Brander. "Estimations of rip current rescues and drowning in the United States." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-389-2019.
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Abstract. Rip currents are the greatest hazard to swimmers on surf beaches, but due to a lack of consistent incident reporting in many countries, it is often difficult to quantify the number of rip-current-related rescues and drowning deaths occurring along surf beaches. This study examines this problem using rescue data reported to the United States Lifesaving Association (USLA) by surf beach rescuers from 1997 through 2016. These data were checked, corrected, and culled so that only data from surf beach rescue agencies that reported the primary cause of rescue were included. Results show that rip currents are the primary cause of 81.9 % of rescues on surf beaches, with regional variation from 75.3 % (East Coast) to 84.7 % (West Coast). These values are significantly higher than those previously reported in the scientific literature (e.g., 36.5 %, 53.7 %). Using this value as a proxy when examining overall surf beach drowning fatalities, it is suggested that more than 100 fatal drownings per year occur due to rip currents in the United States. However, it is clear that the United States data would benefit by an increase in the number of lifeguard agencies which report surf-related rescues by primary cause.
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WIRTH-NESHER, H. "This Sand, These Beaches." Novel: A Forum on Fiction 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/ddnov.040030309.
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Phillips, Matthew. "QUANTIFYING THE WAVE-DRIVEN RECOVERY OF SANDY BEACHES FOLLOWING STORM EROSION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (October 2, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.72.
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Following the rapid and destructive impacts of storm erosion, beach recovery is a key natural process of restoration, returning eroded sand to the subaerial beach and rebuilding coastal morphology to continue to support the needs of present-day coastal communities. While more detailed attention in international literature has been given to understanding and predicting beach behaviour under regimes of storm erosion, beaches are for most of the time by nature accretionary features. This paper presents critically important advanced new insight and quantification of recovery processes of sandy beaches by waves. Durations and rates of recovery are synthesised from over 70 studies worldwide in a range of wave climates (from low to high wave energy) and tidal settings (from micro- to macrotidal), with a focus primarily on sandy beach coastlines. A holistic perspective of the different processes and indicators that constitute beach recovery is presented, including those in the subaqueous beach related to the post-storm onshore migration of sandbars and storm deposits in deeper offshore waters, as well as processes in the subaerial beach related to the recovery of subaerial sediment volume, shorelines, berms, and dunes.
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Petracco, Marcelo, Ricardo Silva Cardoso, Thais Navajas Corbisier, and Alexander Turra. "Brazilian sandy beach macrofauna production: a review." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 60, no. 4 (December 2012): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592012000400006.
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The state of the art of the studies on the production of Brazilian sandy beach macrofauna was analyzed on the basis of the data available in the literature. For this purpose, the representativeness of the production dataset was examined by latitudinal distribution, degree of exposure and morphodynamic state of beaches, taxonomic groups, and methods employed. A descriptive analysis was, further, made to investigate the trends in production of the more representative taxonomic groups and species of sandy beach macrofauna. A total of 69 macrofauna annual production estimates were obtained for 38 populations from 25 studies carried out between 22º56'S and 32º20'S. Production estimates were restricted to populations on beaches located on the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. Most of the populations in the dataset inhabit exposed dissipative sandy beaches and are mainly represented by mollusks and crustaceans, with a smaller number of polychaetes. The trends in production among taxonomic groups follow a similar pattern to that observed on beaches throughout the world, with high values for bivalves and decapods. The high turnover rate (P/B ratio) of the latter was due to the presence of several populations of the mole crab Emerita brasiliensis, which can attain high values of productivity, in the dataset. Most of the studies focus on the comparison of production and, especially, of P/B ratio according to life history traits in populations of the same species/taxonomic group. Despite the importance of life history-production studies, other approaches, such as the effect of man-induce disturbances on the macrofauna, should be undertaken in these threatened environments.
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Pranzini, Enzo, and Allan T. Williams. "The Equilibrium Concept, or…(Mis)concept in Beaches." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020059.
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Beaches, as deposits of unconsolidated material at the land/water interface, are open systems where input and output items constitute the sediment budget. Beach evolution depends on the difference between the input/output to the system; if positive the beach advances, if negative the beach retreats. Is it possible that this difference is zero and the beach is stable? The various processes responsible for sediment input and output in any beach system are here considered by taking examples from the literature. Results show that this can involve movement of a volume of sediments ranging from few, to over a million cubic meters per year, with figures continuously changing so that the statistical possibility for the budget being equal can be considered zero. This can be attributed to the fact that very few processes are feedback-regulated, which is the only possibility for a natural system to be in equilibrium. Usage of the term “beach equilibrium” must be reconsidered and used with great caution.
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V, Sivakami, Ankathi Raghu, and Raja P. "THE BLUE FLAG PROGRAMME AND DESTINATION IMAGE: A STUDY ON EDEN BEACH, PUDUCHERRY, INDIA." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.75.
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INTRODUCTION
Beach tourism offers enormous economic benefits to local communities and also causes many environmental and social impacts on the coastal environment. Many people choose to take a holiday at a beach destination because they want to relax, escape and participate in beachfront recreation (Lucrezi and Vander Walt, 2016). India, with a coastline of 7516.6 km (Centre for coastal zone management and coastal shelter belt, 2017), has a wide variety of beaches on its shoreline that offer recreational activities to tourists. Foundation for Environment Education in Denmark (FEE) has awarded Blue Flag Certification to two new beaches in the year of 2021, namely Kovalam in Tamil Nadu and Eden beach in Puducherry, India. A Blue Flag beach is an eco-tourism model that aims to offer tourists clean and sanitary bathing water, facilities/amenities, and a safe and healthy environment while providing sustainable development to the local community. Around the globe, only 47 countries have achieved this blue flag certification for its beaches.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The researchers have studied the destination image of Puducherry as a beach tourism destination, with special reference to Eden beach, Puducherry. With the support of literature studies, the assumption that a positive destination image also promotes the intention of tourists to revisit, thus bringing sustainable development to the destination, is justified.
RESULTS
The results are theoretical. The study is based on Eden beach, Puducherry. The results show that the destination image encourages the intention of tourists to revisit and loyalty to the destination. This research is significant for the future as it helps to propagate India’s image as a clean and green beach tourism destination, thus creating a positive destination image among domestic and international travellers.
DISCUSSION
On achieving this Blue flag certification, the destination image of Pondicherry as a beach destination, a union territory in India, creates loyalty to destination that encourages the intention to revisit the destination among tourists that ultimately benefits the stake holders of the destination and helps in achieving sustainable development.
CONCLUSIONS
The connection between the destination image, destination loyalty and intention to revisit is clear and proven in many other research findings. Therefore, future researchers can also focus on other beaches in India with Blue flag certification and their role in promoting tourism in that region, as well as the image of a tourist destination and the tourist's perception of a tourist destination on other blue flag beaches of India.
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V, Sivakami, Ankathi Raghu, and Raja P. "THE BLUE FLAG PROGRAMME AND DESTINATION IMAGE: A STUDY ON EDEN BEACH, PUDUCHERRY, INDIA." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.75.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
Beach tourism offers enormous economic benefits to local communities and also causes many environmental and social impacts on the coastal environment. Many people choose to take a holiday at a beach destination because they want to relax, escape and participate in beachfront recreation (Lucrezi and Vander Walt, 2016). India, with a coastline of 7516.6 km (Centre for coastal zone management and coastal shelter belt, 2017), has a wide variety of beaches on its shoreline that offer recreational activities to tourists. Foundation for Environment Education in Denmark (FEE) has awarded Blue Flag Certification to two new beaches in the year of 2021, namely Kovalam in Tamil Nadu and Eden beach in Puducherry, India. A Blue Flag beach is an eco-tourism model that aims to offer tourists clean and sanitary bathing water, facilities/amenities, and a safe and healthy environment while providing sustainable development to the local community. Around the globe, only 47 countries have achieved this blue flag certification for its beaches.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The researchers have studied the destination image of Puducherry as a beach tourism destination, with special reference to Eden beach, Puducherry. With the support of literature studies, the assumption that a positive destination image also promotes the intention of tourists to revisit, thus bringing sustainable development to the destination, is justified.
RESULTS
The results are theoretical. The study is based on Eden beach, Puducherry. The results show that the destination image encourages the intention of tourists to revisit and loyalty to the destination. This research is significant for the future as it helps to propagate India’s image as a clean and green beach tourism destination, thus creating a positive destination image among domestic and international travellers.
DISCUSSION
On achieving this Blue flag certification, the destination image of Pondicherry as a beach destination, a union territory in India, creates loyalty to destination that encourages the intention to revisit the destination among tourists that ultimately benefits the stake holders of the destination and helps in achieving sustainable development.
CONCLUSIONS
The connection between the destination image, destination loyalty and intention to revisit is clear and proven in many other research findings. Therefore, future researchers can also focus on other beaches in India with Blue flag certification and their role in promoting tourism in that region, as well as the image of a tourist destination and the tourist's perception of a tourist destination on other blue flag beaches of India.
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Amaral, Antonia Cecília Zacagnini, Guilherme Nascimento Corte, José Souto Rosa Filho, Marcia Regina Denadai, Leonir André Colling, Carlos Borzone, Valéria Veloso, et al. "Brazilian sandy beaches: characteristics, ecosystem services, impacts, knowledge and priorities." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, spe2 (2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-875920160933064sp2.
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ABSTRACT Sandy beaches constitute a key ecosystem and provide socioeconomic goods and services, thereby playing an important role in the maintenance of human populations and in biodiversity conservation. Despite the ecological and social importance of these ecosytems, Brazilian sandy beaches are significantly impacted by human interference, chemical and organic pollution and tourism, as well as global climate change. These factors drive the need to better understand the environmental change and its consequences for biota. To promote the implementation of integrated studies to detect the effects of regional and global environmental change on beaches and on other benthic habitats of the Brazilian coast, Brazilian marine researchers have established The Coastal Benthic Habitats Monitoring Network (ReBentos). In order to provide input for sample planning by ReBentos, we have conducted an intensive review of the studies conducted on Brazilian beaches and summarized the current knowledge about this environment. In this paper, we present the results of this review and describe the physical, biological and socioeconomics features of Brazilian beaches. We have used these results, our personal experience and worldwide literature to identify research projects that should be prioritized in the assessment of regional and global change on Brazilian sandy beaches. We trust that this paper will provide insights for future studies and represent a significant step towards the conservation of Brazilian beaches and their biodiversity.
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Pike, David A. "Natural beaches confer fitness benefits to nesting marine turtles." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (September 2, 2008): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0359.
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Coastal ecosystems provide vital linkages between aquatic and terrestrial habitats and thus support extremely high levels of biodiversity. However, coastlines also contain the highest densities of human development anywhere on the planet and are favoured destinations for tourists, creating a situation where the potential for negative effects on coastal species is extremely high. I gathered data on marine turtle reproductive output from the literature to determine whether coastal development negatively influences offspring production. Female loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) and green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) nesting on natural beaches (as opposed to beaches with permanent development) produce significantly more hatchling turtles per nest; all else being equal, females that successfully produce more offspring will have higher fitness than conspecifics producing fewer offspring. Thus, female marine turtles nesting on natural beaches probably have higher fitness than turtles nesting on developed beaches. Consequently, populations nesting on natural beaches may be able to recover more quickly from the historic population declines that have plagued marine turtles, and some species may recover more quickly than others.
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Brown, A. C., and A. McLachlan. "Sandy shore ecosystems and the threats facing them: some predictions for the year 2025." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 1 (March 2002): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290200005x.
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Pollution, mining, disruption of sand transport and tourism development widely affect sandy shores, and these systems may be subject to increased erosion in future, yet there have been few attempts to review them. The present review focuses largely on ocean sandy beaches, providing an introduction to much of the relevant literature, and predicting possible states of the system by 2025. Sandy shores are dynamic harsh environments, the action of waves and tides largely determining species diversity, biomass and community structure. There is an interchange of sand, biological matter and other materials between dunes, intertidal beaches and surf zones. Storms and associated erosion present the most substantial universal hazard to the fauna. Human-related perturbations vary from beach to beach; however, structures or activities that impede natural sand transport or alter the sand budget commonly lead to severe erosion, often of a permanent nature. Many beaches also suffer intermittent or chronic pollution, and direct human interference includes off-road vehicles, mining, trampling, bait collecting, beach cleaning and ecotourism. These interferences typically have a negative impact on the system. Identified long-term trends include chronic beach erosion, often largely due to natural causes, as well as increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation and changes related to global warming. It is not expected that predicted temperature changes will have dramatic effects on the world's beaches by 2025, but the expected rise in sea level, if coupled with an increase in the frequency and/or intensity of storms, as predicted for some regions, is likely to lead to escalating erosion and consequent loss of habitat. It is suggested that increased UV radiation is unlikely to have significant effects. Increases in coastal human populations and tourism, thus increasing pressure on the shore, while serious, may be largely offset in developed and developing countries by better management resulting from greater understanding of the factors governing sandy-shore systems and better communication with beach managers and developers. Beach nourishment is likely to become more widely practised. However, the continuing hardening of surfaces in and above the dunes is bound to be damaging. Human pressures in many underdeveloped countries show no signs of being mitigated by conservation measures; it is likely that their sandy shores will continue to deteriorate during the first quarter of this century. A long-term trend that cannot be ignored is the excessive amount of nitrogen entering the sea, particularly affecting beaches in estuaries and sheltered lagoons. The data presently available and the uncertainty of a number of predictions do not permit of quantitative assessment or modelling of the state of the world's sandy shores by the year 2025, but some tentative, qualitative predictions are offered.
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Mendes, B., M. J. Nascimento, and J. S. Oliveira. "Preliminary Characterisation and Proposal of Microbiological Quality Standard of Sand Beaches." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0391.
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The control of environmental quality of literal areas in EEC is mainly concerned with the microbiological quality of water (direct and indirect contact). Data concerning the microbiological quality of sand in different beaches of Portugal (three main coastal areas) are presented. Based on those results, data available In the literature and epidemiological information, a preliminary guideline criterion for the microbiological control of sand is proposed, to complete criteria used in “Blue Flag” distinction, accorded to high environmental quality beaches.
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Verhougstraete, M. P., M. N. Byappanahalli, J. B. Rose, and R. L. Whitman. "Cladophora in the Great Lakes: impacts on beach water quality and human health." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.230.
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Cladophora in the Great Lakes grows rapidly during the warm summer months, detaches, and becomes free-floating mats as a result of environmental conditions, eventually becoming stranded on recreational beaches. Cladophora provides protection and nutrients, which allow enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella to persist and potentially regrow in the presence of the algae. As a result of wind and wave action, these microorganisms can detach and be released to surrounding waters and can influence water quality. Enteric bacterial pathogens have been detected in Cladophora mats; E. coli and enterococci may populate to become part of the naturalized microbiota in Cladophora; the high densities of these bacteria may affect water quality, resulting in unnecessary beach closures. The continued use of traditional fecal indicators at beaches with Cladophora presence is inadequate at accurately predicting the presence of fecal contamination. This paper offers a substantial review of available literature to improve the knowledge of Cladophora impacts on water quality, recreational water monitoring, fecal indicator bacteria and microorganisms, and public health and policy.
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Baccar Chaabane, Amina, Abdallah Nassour, and Hendrik Schubert. "Key Indicator Development for Marine Litter Management in Tunisian Coastal Area." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 22, 2024): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072604.
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The aim of this paper is to identify and develop key indicators related to beach and marine litter using land and coastal areas as sources to diagnose the current situation in Tunisia. Based on the results, recommendations have been developed to support the decision-making process. In this study, three main indicators and twelve sub-indicators were developed and classified into driving factors and resulting situations. These were developed based on (1) a large literature and participative approach and (2) beach litter monitoring campaigns carried out on five beaches from the north to the south during three years and different seasons using the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) method for beach litter monitoring on 100 m. The results show that plastic represented the main littered item in coastal areas and beaches in Tunisia (ranging between 54% and 70%). In addition, another one of the most littered items was packaging, which ranged between 54% and 74% of the total waste. The findings highlight that tourism and recreational activities represent the main source of items identified (between 89% and 95%). Furthermore, the amount of litter identified was relatively important during a low tourism period in comparison to the period from the preseason preparation to the end of the high season when cleaning operations can have a great impact. Finally, the findings indicate that the average quantities of plastic per kilometer in Gammarth, Hammamet, and Sousse tourism areas were much lower than in Sfax and Gabès.
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Duckett, Paul E., and Vincenzo Repaci. "Marine plastic pollution: using community science to address a global problem." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 8 (2015): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14087.
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It was once thought oceans were so vast they could not be affected by humans, but unfortunately rapid globalisation now threatens marine biodiversity. The negative effects of marine debris were recognised in the 1970s, and more recently globally acknowledged in scientific literature. We revisited the Greater Sydney region in New South Wales Australia, to research whether plastic waste on coastal beaches has reduced in recent years. This was achieved by designing a community science project in collaboration with local schools and volunteers. We discovered that plastic debris differed between beaches and strata, but was similar to Australian beaches that were sampled over a decade ago. The high correlations we found between plastic debris and both the frequency of storm-water drains and local population sizes suggested that storm-water drains may be responsible for delivering plastic waste to coastal ecosystems, and the amount of plastic debris was proportional to the size of the surrounding population. Involving local communities has the potential to rapidly raise awareness about key conservation issues to large and broad demographic audiences. Ultimately, this may inspire public and political change.
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Navale, Sanjay, and Vijay Bhagat. "Use of AHP based Weighted Analysis for Impact Assessment of Coastal Tourism in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra (India): Respondents’ Point of View." Journal of Geographical Studies 6, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.22060101.
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The MCDM-AHP technique was used for impact assessment of tourism on socioeconomic development in the coastal area with respondents’ point of view. The responses from native people were recorded using questionnaires through interviews about selected nine criteria including accessibility and connectivity, amenities, health care facilities, business, employability, standard of living, cultural values, agriculture and fisheries, and immovable properties. The literature review, fieldwork and experts’ opinions are fundamental keys to select the criteria and determination of ranks. About 35.55% respondents reported higher impact of tourism, 29.14% respondents informed moderate impact, 25.69% respondents reported less impact and 9.62% respondents reported very less impact of tourism activities on development in the region. The development of reported criteria varies according the beach area and relative location of the beaches on the shoreline. The beaches located far south and away from district headquarter show relatively less development. The focus of investment should be concentrated on development of the accessibility and connectivity, required amenities, health care facilities, small-scale business, employability, cultural values, agriculture and fisheries to improve the tourism activities for improving standard of living of native people in the region. The methodology, techniques and results achieved in this study can be useful for planning and monitoring the tourism activities for sustainable and uniform development in the similar areas.
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Herbst, Thomas. "What are collocations: Sandy beaches or false teeth?" English Studies 77, no. 4 (July 1996): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389608599038.
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Cadieu, Morgane. "Afterword: The Littoral Museum of the Twenty-First Century." Comparative Literature 73, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8874117.
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Abstract The museum, the mausoleum, and the memorial are key concepts for theorizing beaches and ports in twenty-first-century literature and cinema. On the littoral, these constructions suggest the very opposite of a sealed off monumentality to become living museums of women’s labor in modern and contemporary France (Sciamma, Varda), bodily mausolea of migration on the Senegalese shoreline (Diop), and shapeshifting war memorials in Atlantic and Pacific tidelands (Darrieussecq, Rolin, Virilio). Examples of anamorphic seascapes, especially in photography, underscore the reversibility of sand and cement in Japan (Narahashi, Ono), as well as the dereliction of Cuban beach architecture and American industrial harbors (Morales, Sekula). In art as in criticism, the waterfront stages gender and class crossings (Dumont) and tangles fields. The afterword thereby weaves the major threads of the special issue: textures, labor, and ruins; social mobility and migration; marine life, geological time, and the history of sensation.
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Rifatussoliha, Icha Rizky, Khusairi Abdy, Muhfiatun Muhfiatun, and Abdul Wahid. "Pengembangan Wisata Bahari di Pulau Raas dalam Rangka Menggerakkan Perekonomian Lokal." Journal of Dedicators Community 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdc.v3i3.1036.
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This community service aims to improve the potential of the archipelago, especially from the marine tourism sector. Against the background of not optimal management of tourism potential in the District of Raas which is an archipelago and has potential places to become a tourist. Development of Marine Tourism on Raas Island in Order to Mobilize the Local Economy. The process of developing marine tourism is done by mapping, observation, community empowerment and literature study. Based on the results of mapping and observation shows that there are 3 beaches that have attraction and are very potential, just need to be developed again and also managed properly. The three beaches also have different characteristics so that if the tours offered are not monotonous. The conclusion of the process of developing marine tourism is the need for awareness of the local community and also the cooperation of various parties and also agencies to work together to develop and build supporting facilities that can support these three potential beaches into a marine tourism that is not only a power pull Raas District alone, but also can be a pillar of the people's economy
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Wartono, A., E. K. S. H. Muntasib, and H. S. Arifin. "Tourism Potential in West Beach Coastal Area of Banten Province Based on Land Use Spatial Pattern." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 950, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012073.
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Abstract The west beach coastal area of Banten province is very productive. Local governments use this area for various development activities, tourism in particular. This study aims to determine the tourism potential of the west coast of Banten Province based on the spatial pattern of land use by local regulations. Thus, the development of coastal tourism can develop in an integrated and sustainable manner. The research methodology used is literature study, interviews, field verification, spatial analysis (Arc-GIS), and policy analysis based on the Banten Province Spatial Plan. Based on policy analysis related to regional spatial planning in Banten Province, there are three strategic tourism areas on the west coast, including; (a) Sumur Beach corridor, (b) Pandeglang West Coast corridor (Carita-Cigeulis), and (c) Serang West Coast Corridor (Anyer-Cinangka). The West Coast Corridor of The criteria for the physical type of beach suitable for tourism activities is wide beaches, not rocky, freshwater, and far from the highway. The west coast corridor area these criteria is the Serang West Coast Corridor (Anyer - Cinangka), precisely at Anyer Beach and Anyer Kidul Beach.
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Martin-Gonzalez, Roberto, and Kamilla Swart. "The Covid-19 Crisis and the ‘new’ Normality of Surf Tourism in Cape Town, South Africa." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (March 2021): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-95.
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Tourism has been one of the sectors that has suffered the greatest impact by the Covid-19 virus, which has created an unprecedented context with thousands of tourism-related companies closing with an unclear future. International tourism was recovering from the previous financial crisis achieving historical milestones regarding international tourist arrivals. Simultaneously, tourism niches like active sport tourism have experienced significant growth which has been developed to achieve more sustainable tourism as is the case of surf tourism in Cape Town. This article aims to investigate the surf tourism socio-economic competitiveness of Cape Town beaches to provide solutions and alternatives for a return to the ‘new normality’ due to the Covid-19 crisis. Political economy and geography, as well as tourism systems’ approach, are employed for the theoretical background. A mixed-method approach was utilised in this study including a qualitative, narrative method for the literature review, and a quantitative weighted set of indicators. The results suggest that active sports and domestic tourism have potential to help short-term tourism recovery. Three beaches showed the best potential for socio-economic development, while two beaches in underprivileged neighbourhoods were found potentially interesting for boosting surf tourism development. This study could inform government policy to determine the main areas for surf tourism development.
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Magaš, Damir, Borna Debelić, and Siniša Vilke. "Users’ Perception as a Tool for an Integrated Coastal Management and Beach Quality Assessment." Pomorstvo 32, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.31.2.14.
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The aim of the paper is to show a brief review of social research methods used in beach user research and coastal zone management. It is argued that this approach may effectively be used from the perspective of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Beaches are one of the most important factors of the sun and sea tourism, and an area where the increased users` pressure is common with the rise of tourist activity. This expansion creates increased pressure on the coastal area, the marine eco systems and, potentially, leads to a degradation of the natural environment. Social research methods provide an invaluable insight into the processes incentivizing beach users in respect to physical, social, economic and natural aspects of beach uses as well as of other parts of the coast, through the concept of the user perception. The intended result is to provide a brief methodological overview of social science research methods applied to and found in literature that can be used to be better informed of the beach management decisions as an area of ICZM interest and, in this way, contributing to the overall sustainable development of the coastal zone and increasing the competitiveness of beach tourism.
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Wolting, Stephan. "New Odysseys or from Mare Nostrum towards Mare Monstrum? (The) Mediterranean Route(s) in Selected Examples of Contemporary German Literature." Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 48, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2024.48.1.87-103.
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The article is about literary representations of the transformation of the Mediterranean route(s). selected examples of German-language literature by Thomas Gsella, Babak Ghassim and Usama Elyas,Sabine Scholl, Bodo Kirchhoff and Lina Atfah. With reference to spatial and (non-/non-)place theories, motifs such as ships, beaches, (Mediterranean) seas, escape routes or Odysseys an attempt is made to show how the route(s) develop away from a mare Nostrum and towards a Mare Monster began to emerge.
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Preko, Alexander. "Safety and security concerns at the beach: Views of migrant visitors in Ghana." Tourism and Hospitality Research 21, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358420954504.
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Tourism-migration, safety and security experience are constructs that have drawn the attention of researchers. The literature has acknowledged the importance of safety and security as the foundations for building wealthy tourism. Utilizing the theory of optimism-pessimism, this research sampled 347 migrant visitors of three selected beaches in Ghana’s capital, Accra. The analysis of the chi square test of independence shows a significant association among socio-demographic characteristics (marital status, age categories, education and nationality) and safety and security concerns. However, there is no significant association between gender and safety and security concerns. In all, the findings showed that migrant visitors were optimistic about Ghana’s beach destinations. The results of the study validate the contribution of migrant visitors’ viewpoint on safety and security which is relevant to Ghana’s tourism development. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Artadana, I. Wayan, Abd Rahman As-syakur, Widiastuti Karim, and I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa. "Modifikasi Nilai Luas Area dan Waktu Kunjungan Dalam Penghitungan Daya Dukung Kawasan Wisata di Provinsi Bali: Studi Kasus Pantai Geger." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 3, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.225-235.
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Carrying Capacity is an important consideration in sustainable tourism development. One of the developing tourist destination in Bali island is Geger Beach which is located in Badung regency, Bali. Geger beach has different conditions with other beaches, therefore it is necessary to determine the estimation area and duration for tourist activities without degrading the quality of the environment. This study aimed to determine the unit of the area, the required time, and the total time per day for particular tourist category according to the condition at Geger beach. Moreover, this study investigated the condition of carrying capacity in the Geger beach. The data were collected primary data obtained by interviewed 100 respondents in Geger Beach and based on literature study on the secondary data. Results showed that the average area for tourism activities (Lt) is 41.5 m2 and the duration for tourism activities (Wp) is 2.29 hours/day. The total time that area provided for tourism activities is 10 hours/day and the total area is 5.023 m2. Carrying capacity value at Geger beach uses Lt and Wp value is 529 people/day, 16.385 people/month or 196.620 people/year. The carrying capacity of Geger Beach conditions is suggested remain under carrying capacity for the entire month and the total visits during 2016.
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Jamal, Mohamad Hidayat, David J. Simmonds, and Vanesa Magar. "GRAVEL BEACH PROFILE EVOLUTION IN WAVE AND TIDAL ENVIRONMENTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.15.
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This paper reports progress made in modifying and applying the X-Beach code to predict and explain the observed behaviour of coarse grained beaches. In a previous study a comparison of beach profile evolution measured during large scale experiments under constant water level with numerical model simulations was made. This placed particular emphasis on the tendency for onshore transport and profile steepening during calm conditions (Jamal et al., 2010). The present paper extends that investigation to study the influence of the advection of surf processes induced by tidal water level variations effects, on gravel beach profile evolution. The parameter values and numerical model used in the simulation is similar to that presented previously. It is assumed that, to good approximation, the groundwater interface inside the beach follows the tidally modulated water level. The results obtained from the model shows that the model provides reasonable simulations of beach profile change in a tidal environment. In comparison with simulations under stationary water levels, a larger berm is produced in agreement with literature. Finally, good agreement is obtained between the model simulations and an example of field observations from a beach at Milford on Sea, UK. Further developments are outlined for future work.
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Strypsteen, Glenn, and Pieter Rauwoens. "EFFECTS OF SHELLS ON AEOLIAN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON A NATURAL BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.16.
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Studying aeolian sediment transport in coastal areas is challenging. Therefore, a location with a small number of supply-limiting elements (e.g., shells, moisture and vegetation) and a long fetch length is frequently chosen to allow for a better comparison of predicted and observed transport rates (Strypsteen et al., 2021). Many natural beaches, however, contain an abundance of shells and shell fragments/hash due to pounding and fracturing in the surf zone and literature on this topic is rather scarce. Direct field studies on the impact of shells on aeolian sediment transport rates have been limited. This study reports on a two-day measurement campaign on the upper beach of Koksijde, Belgium, where data on aeolian transport rates, mass flux profiles, surface moisture, wind conditions, and grain size distributions were collected. The goal of the experiment was to measure aeolian sand transport on the upper beach as input for dune growth and to find out how a shell pavement affected these transport rates during a strong, oblique onshore wind.
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Eka Verawati. "KESEIMBANGAN EKOSISTEM DI PANTAI PALU KUNING MUNCAR BANYUWANGI." CONSERVA 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35438/conserva.v1i2.195.
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The ecosystem of Palu Kuning Beach is one of the beaches in Muncar, Banyuwangi which has components that make up the ecosystem, in an ecosystem there must be interactions between living things. the interactions in question are very diverse. The method used in this research is descriptive observation method and equipped with literature knowledge. Deer have an important role in the ecosystem as herbivores because they eat vegetation. Deer can also help control the growth of certain plants that can become excessive without natural predators. This can help maintain the balance of plant populations in the ecosystem, deer play a role in maintaining soil fertility and influence the composition of plant species that grow in an area. Based on observations at Pala Kuning beach, it is known that living things living in the area interact. The interactions that occur show that there are patterns of relationships in the ecosystem. Living things such as humans, animals, plants which are biotic components interact with abiotic components or non-living components, these interactions show the interrelationships and needs of the two components.
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Flores, Constanza, Han Soo Lee, Erick Mas, and Jonathan Salar. "TSUNAMI EVACUATION IN A MASSIVE CROWD EVENT USING AN AGENT-BASED MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.62.
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Under emergencies, individuals tend to move faster than during normal conditions, i.e., evacuation vs non-evacuation scenarios (Helbing et al., 2000; Cornes et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2018). Evacuations because of false alarms, terrorist attacks, fires, or disasters like earthquakes or tsunamis can quickly increase stress levels in people. Activities such as carnivals, festivals, sports, pilgrimages, and marches gather thousands of people in one place. In the literature, open space tsunami evacuations in places such as beaches are scarce. Studies from Takabatake et al. (2018) and Lanza et al. (2021) have integrated beach users in their simulations. However, studies involving massive tsunami evacuations including socio-psychological interactions, to our knowledge, are not documented. The main objective of this study is to assess human behavior in a hypothetical scenario such as a massive tsunami evacuation in a coastal area, using Valparaíso City as a case study.
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Hotta, Shintaro, and Souichi Harikai. "STATE-OF-THE-ART IN JAPAN ON CONTROLLING WIND-BLOWN SAND ON BEACHES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.110.
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In order to prepare general guidelines for controlling the wind-blown sand in the region from the shoreline to the landward end of the dry beach, a literature review was carried out. The review showed that controlling wind-blown sand on a beach surface can be done by using a suitable combination and arrangement of sand fences and trenches.
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Archetti, Renata, and Maria Gabriella Gaeta. "WAVE RUN-UP OBSERVATION AND 2DV NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON BEACHES PROTECTED BY STRUCTURES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.20.
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The main parameter for the assessment of coastal vulnerability and sediment transport is the wave run-up on the beach, defining the limit of maximum flooding, but also hydrodynamic properties in the Swash Zone (SZ) are trivial for the comprehension of hydro-morphodynamic processes. Several studies have been carried out on the SZ but few literature is still available on the run-up and on SZ flows on beaches protected by Low Crested Structures (LCSs), where flow motion is driven by a combination of low frequency infra-gravity waves and incident waves. In presence of breakwaters, swash incident waves are transmitted through the structure. In the transmission area behind the structures, wave energy is shifted to higher frequencies with respect to the incident wave spectrum and in general its mean period considerably decreases with respect to the incident one. Collecting in situ run-up measurements during storms is essential to understand the SZ processes and properly calibrate their both empirical and numerical models but measuring extreme run-up is difficult, due to the severe sea conditions and due to unexpected nature of storms. The present paper present a numerical and experimental analysis of the wave run-up and of the flow properties on a beach: the study shows the different behavior of unprotected and protected beach, subjected to the same wave conditions. In particular the paper shows that submerged breakwaters reduce in general the run-up height, on the basis of the calibrated 2DV numerical simulations, under extreme wave conditions (TR >50 years), the effect of submerged breakwaters seems to be negligible on the run-up height. Moreover a preliminary empirical equation for run-up with protected beach is proposed
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Windy Pramita, Ni Putu, I. Wayan Suardana, and Luh Gede Leli Kusuma Dewi. "KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN NIAT WISATAWAN SURFING DI PANTAI KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA." Jurnal IPTA 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2017.v05.i01.p13.
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Black sandy beach tourist attraction of Kuta Northen region that is Batu Bolong beach and Batu Mejan beach which has potential a beautifull oncean, sunset, sunbathing and surfingthe purpose of this study was to determinethe characteristics, motivasi, and intentions rating surfing at Kuta Northen beach. The method used observation, questionnaires, interviews, literature study, and documentation. 213 respondens rating surfing with quantitative descriptive and regression linier analisys. The result obtained in this study are based on age characteristics surfing travelers will see the most travelers age between 18-29 years, male gender, country of origin Australia, and is a businessman, a master degree educational level, and marital status is not married. Surfing tourist motivation using push and pull factor with the highest scores on the social interaction. And Intention surfing tourist with the highest score there is positive world of mouth with Variabel tourist have the effect of 13,20% with a probability level of sig. 0,000, the motivation positive and significant efeect on the intention tourist but in small quantities. Therefore to improve the intention tourist come to the beach district of north kuta from the motivation pull and push should also improve the quality of beaches such as keeping the beach becomes the most importans thing that will directly make tourist feel comfortable. advice for managers is to add a lifeguard to keep the beach.
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Syahrial, Syahrial, and Muh Zainuddin Badollahi. "Development of a Community-Based Marine Tourism Attraction in the Samboang Beach in Bulukumba Regency." Journal La Bisecoman 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v1i2.83.
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Bonto Tiro Subdistrict is one of the areas in Bulukumba Regency which has a tourism potential that can be developed as a marine tourism attraction, one of which is the Samboang beach, where the beach has beautiful panoramic views with white sandy beaches, and the presence of coral reefs. can be used as one of the attractions, besides the underwater scenery is also reliable and is also a potential area for the development of marine tourism, this research is focused on aspects of developing tourist destinations with various components of tourism destinations in Samboang Beach, Bonto Tiro District, Bulukumba Regency. This study aims to find out how the development of tourism destinations in the Samboang beach through 4 tourism components, namely Attraction, Accessibility, Ancillary, Amenity in supporting marine tourism destinations so that they develop even more. This research is qualitative research with an observation approach, and research instruments in the form of a list of interviews, field observations and literature studies, while the theories underlying this research are tourism destination theory and tourism development theory. And from the research results obtained by researchers, it can be concluded that the development of marine tourism destinations is very supportive in developing the region as an area that has a tourist attraction.
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Kinoshita, Sharon. "Medieval Mediterranean Literature." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 2 (March 2009): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.2.600.
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Always historicize!—Fredric Jameson, The Political UnconsciousEurocentricity is a choice, not a viewpoint imposed by history. There are roads out of antiquity that do not lead to the Renaissance; and although none avoids eventual contact with the modern West's technological domination, the rapidly changing balance of power in our world is forcing even Western scholars to pay more attention to non-Latin perspectives on the past.—Garth Fowden, Empire to CommonwealthThe last decade or so has seen an explosion of interest in “mediterranean studies.” a half century after the original publication of Fernand Braudel's La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II (1949), scholars in a number of disciplines have once again found the Mediterranean a productive category of analysis, as evidenced in a proliferation of conferences, edited volumes, journals, and study centers. This renewal of Mediterranean studies is part of an upsurge of interest in “oceanic studies,” or, alternatively, “the new thalassology” In recent years, as Kären Wigen writes,[h]istorians of science have documented the discovery of longitude and the plumbing of underwater depths; historians of ideas have mapped the conceptual geographies of beaches, oceans, and islands; historians of labor and radical politics have drawn arresting new portraits of maritime workers and pirates; historians of business have tracked maritime commerce; historians of the environment have probed marine and island ecologies; and historians of colonial regimes and anticolonial movements alike have asserted the importance of maritime arenas of interaction. (717)In the field of medieval literature, on the other hand, “Mediterranean studies” has found much less purchase. An MLA database search for the keywords “Mediterranean” and “medieval” or “Middle Ages” yields a total of thirty-two entries, over half of which treat topics in intellectual or art history. Taking that asymmetry as a point of departure, this essay explores the different ways “medieval Mediterranean literature” might be conceived; how it would relate to the study of the medieval Mediterranean in other disciplines; and what linguistic, thematic, and theoretical modifications or challenges it would offer to the field of literature as currently configured.
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Uphaus, Maxwell. "“The Chalk Wall Falls to the Foam”: Reimagining Littoral Space in the Poetry of the Dover Cliffs." Comparative Literature 73, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8874095.
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Abstract Where beaches and harbors have frequently been taken to signify openness and intermingling, a different coastal setting, the cliffs of Dover, overtly bespeaks opposition and closure. Demarcating the British coast at its closest point to continental Europe, the cliffs often stand for Britain’s supposedly elemental insularity. However, the chalk composing the cliffs makes them, in their own way, as malleable and permeable as a beach. I argue that poems by Matthew Arnold, W. H. Auden, and Daljit Nagra contest the cliffs’ association with an exclusive Britishness by focusing on their material composition. In these poems, the cliffs’ chalk—formed by fossilized marine microorganisms at a time when what would become Britain was at the bottom of a prehistoric sea—attests to Britain’s geohistorical contingency. Arnold, Auden, and Nagra use this chalk geology to develop a new model of British identity as contingent, permeable, and linked with the wider world. In these poems, that is, Dover’s cliffs collapse oppositions rather than enforcing them: they blur the lines between Britain and the world, past and present, organic and inorganic, human history and geological history. The literature of the Dover cliffs thus highlights the revisionary potential of this distinctive kind of littoral space.
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Webb, Bret, Steven Scyphers, Just Cebrian, Rachel Gittman, Shailesh Sharma, and Julie Rosati. "EVALUATING THE CAPACITY OF NATURAL AND NATURE-BASED FEATURES TO REDUCE COASTAL STORM HAZARDS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.39.
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This presentation and paper describes the capacity of natural and nature-based features (NNBF) to reduce coastal storm hazards. Through a synthesis of existing literature and studies, as well as meta-analysis and traditional data analysis where possible, the salient characteristics and capabilities of NNBF at reducing storm surge, wave action, and erosion are characterized. The research specifically focuses on the capacity of aquatic vegetation, oyster and coral reefs, beaches, dunes, maritime forests, and barrier islands to reduce and/or mitigate these coastal hazards.
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Dixon, John, Colin Tredoux, and Beverley Clack. "On the Micro-Ecology of Racial Division: A Neglected Dimension of Segregation." South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 3 (September 2005): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500301.
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This article provides a general background to this special focus section of the journal on ‘racial interaction and isolation in everyday life’. It reviews both the geographic literature on segregation and the psychological literature on the contact hypothesis, and calls for more research on how, when and why racial isolation manifests at a micro-ecological level; that is, the level at which individuals actually encounter one another in situations of bodily co-presence. Some conceptual and methodological implications of this extension of the segregation literature are described. The social psychological significance of the racial organisation of such ordinary activities as eating in cafeterias, relaxing on beaches and occupying public seating are also explored. The focus of the argument is that everyday boundary processes may maintain the salience of racial categories, embody racial attitudes and regulate the possibility of intimate contact.
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Gouvêa, Ariane Campos, Gustavo A. Bravo, Paulo de Tarso Zuquim Antas, Karl-L. Schuchmann, and Luís Fábio Silveira. "Rainy cycles in South America as a driver for the breeding of the Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) and the Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) (Aves, Charadriiformes)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63 (September 1, 2023): e202363028. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.028.
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The Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) and the Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) are two migratory waterbirds that breed simultaneously on many river beaches in South America. Both are polytypic taxa with little information about the distribution and nonbreeding (“wintering”) areas. Based on data from the literature, citizen science websites, fieldwork, and specimens housed in natural history museums, we revised the distribution of some of the main breeding colonies in South America, comparing it with continental rainy cycles to identify generalities about the role of precipitation seasonality on the defining intratropical migration routes of these species. Our data suggest that the seasonal precipitation cycle of South America directly influences the reproductive timing and distribution of both species, which is largely circumscribed by South America’s rivers. After breeding on sandy beaches during the dry season, both species disperse in small groups or even individually – not in large flocks as seen in breeding areas – making it difficult to find general migration patterns during the rainy season. Nonetheless, individuals of both species tend to follow the course of the largest rivers of the continent and even alternative routes to disperse into several areas throughout South America during the nonbreeding season.
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Nazirah, Nazirah, and Asep Iwa Seomantri. "Naval Strategy in the Normandy Invasion." Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology 2, no. 4 (April 29, 2024): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/marcopolo.v2i4.8858.
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The Normandy invasion, also known as Operation Overlord, was one of the most monumental events in the history of World War II. On June 6, 1944, nearly three million Allied troops crossed the English Channel from England into France occupied by Nazi Germany. The invasion of Normandy opened the way to the liberation of Europe and finally ended World War II. Naval strategy was crucial in this operation to support the landing of troops on the beaches of Normandy. In the context of naval strategy, the Normandy invasion involved coordination between the navy, army, and air force. The writing methodology uses a descriptive method by analyzing the facts that occurred during the 1944 Normandy battle and is supported by literature studies, literature and various scientific journals.
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Huda, Imam Arifa’illah Syaiful, and Muhammad Farouq Ghazali Matondang. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI WISATA 5 PANTAI DI KECAMATAN SAPTOSARI KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL." Tunas Geografi 9, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v9i1.17287.
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The tourism sector has a positive influence on the economic growth of surrounding communities because the tourism sector can drive other sectors, such as the economic, social, and cultural sectors. Saptoari Subdistrict Gunung Kidul Regency has a large beach tourism potential for further development. Some beach tourism found in Saptosari Subdistrict are Nguyahan Beach, Ngobaran, Ngrenehan, Ngedan, and Butuh. According to data from the Department of Tourism, the number of tourists visiting Saptosari District has increased significantly. However, the beach tourism still has some problems and potential that have not yet been developed so that it inhibits the growth of tourism in the Saptosari District. This study aims to identify the characteristics of beaches in Saptosari Subdistrict, analyze potential and problems and develop tourism development strategies. This research is in the form of descriptive analytic with survey method and literature study. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. While the analysis technique in research uses SWOT analysis. The results showed that the priority strategies that need to be carried out on 5 beaches are 1) developing tourist vehicles of all ages, 2) Organizing interesting events routinely (a calendar of regional/ national/ international events) by establishing cooperation with tourism management groups, 3) building telecommunications network, 4) The opening pringjono tourism area to expand tourist destinations in Nguyahan, 5) increasing product diversification typical for tourist souvenirs, 6) forming cleaning staff to create clean beaches, 7) developing culinary tourism (sea fish) and developing products interesting fish preparations, 8) design Ngeden Beach as a mainstay tour for special interests such as camping and tracking, 9) provide camping rental equipment and form a solid tourism management group to develop tourism, 10) provide special vehicle parking lots to look neatKeywords: SWOT, Development, Beach TourismSektor pariwisata memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar karena sektor pariwisata mampu menggerakkan sektor-sektor lainnya, seperti sektor ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Kecamatan Saptoari Kabupaten Gunung Kidul memiliki potensi wisata pantai yang besar untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Beberapa wisata pantai yang terdapat di Kecamatan Saptosari yaitu Pantai Nguyahan, Ngobaran, Ngrenehan, Ngedan, dan Butuh. Menurut data Dinas Pariwisata jumlah wisatawan yang datang ke Kecamatan Saptosari mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan. Namun, wisata pantai tersebut masih memiliki beberapa masalah dan potensi yang belum dikembangkan sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan pariwisata di Kecamatan Saptosari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pantai di Kecamatan Saptosari, menganalisis potensi dan masalah serta menyusun strategi pengembangan pariwisata. Penelitian ini berupa deskriptif analitik dengan metode survei dan studi literatur. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis dalam penelitian menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa strategi prioritas yang perlu dilakukan pada 5 pantai yaitu 1) mengembangkan wahana wisata dari segala umur, 2) Mengadakan event yang menarik secara rutin (kalender event regional/nasional/international) dengan menjalin kerjasama dengan kelompok pengelola pariwisata, 3) membangun jaringan telekomunikasi, 4) membuka kawasan wisata pringjono untuk memperluas destinasi wisata di Nguyahan, 5) meningkatkan diversifikasi produk yang khas untuk cinderamata wisatawan, 6) membentuk petugas kebersihan agar tercipata pantai yang bersih, 7) mengembangan wisata kuliner (Ikan laut) dan mengembangkan produk olahan ikan yang menarik, 8) mendesain Pantai Ngeden sebagai wisata andalan untuk minat khusus seperti camping dan tracking, 9) Menyediakan alat penyewaan camping dan membentuk kelompok pengelola pariwisata yang solid untuk mengembangkan pariwisata, 10) menyediakan lahan parkir kendaraan khusus agar terlihat rapiKata Kunci: SWOT, Pengembangan, Wisata Pantai
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Mikhailenko, Anna V., Dmitry A. Ruban, Vladimir A. Ermolaev, and A. J. (Tom) van Loon. "Cadmium Pollution in the Tourism Environment: A Literature Review." Geosciences 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060242.
Full textAbstract:
Cadmium is a highly-toxic metal, and, its environmental occurrence and human exposure consequently deserve close attention. The insight into the relationships between cadmium and tourism relations has deepened during the past three decades and the research into this relationship is reviewed. For this purpose, 83 relevant publications (mainly articles in international journals) were analyzed. It was found that investigation of Cd in the tourism environment took place in all continents (except Antarctica) and has intensified since the mid-2000s; Chinese researchers are the most active contributors. The Cd occurrence in air, living organisms, sediments, soil, suspended particular matter, water, and of the human environment has been studied. It has become clear that tourism contributes to Cd pollution (particularly, by hotel wastewater and increased traffic), and, vice versa, Cd pollution of beaches, coastal waters, food, urban parks, etc. creates risks for tourists and increases human exposure to this toxic metal. Both mechanisms have received equal attention. Examples concern many places worldwide, with the Mediterranean and Central and Eastern Europe as apparently critical regions. Our significantly incomplete knowledge of the relationships between cadmium and tourism must be ascribed to the common oversimplification of these relationships and to the scarcity or even absence of information supplied by the most important tourist destinations. The present review demonstrates that more studies of heavy metals and, particularly, Cd in the tourism environment are needed.
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Carneiro, Pedro Bastos de Macêdo, Antônio Rodrigues Ximenes Neto, Caroline Vieira Feitosa, Cristiane Xerez Barroso, Helena Matthews-Cascon, Marcelo de Oliveira Soares, and Tito Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo. "MARINE HARDBOTTOM ENVIRONMENTS IN THE BEACHES OF CEARÁ STATE, EQUATORIAL COAST OF BRAZIL." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 54, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 120–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v54i2.61440.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a literature review on marine hardbottom environments (MHE) that emerge in coastal regions in the Brazilian state of Ceará. This stretch of the Brazilian coast houses several rock formations, which are widely distributed in the intertidal zone. These formations have various origins and composition, ranging from crystalline rocks to biogenic structures, but most are composed by sandstones. These substrates support biodiverse ecosystems that produce valuable environmental goods and services, which have historical and socioeconomic relevance for the state. Despite their importance, they are currently threatened by various types of local and global stressors, and a consistent government effort to protect them is still lacking. There are many knowledge gaps regarding these formations and new studies are needed to support conservation actions involving these ecosystems.
Keywords: reef, beachrock, sandstone, intertidal zone, benthos
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Pecina, Jozef. "America Under Fire: Imagined Invasions of the United States during World War I." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2022-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract When the war started in Europe in 1914, the United States military was desperately undermanned and underequipped. Prior to the country’s entry into the conflict, there was a pervading fear of a German invasion of the United States. The paranoia was further fed by what is now called “invasion literature.” Between 1914 and 1917, dozens of works appeared that raised the spectre of a German invasion. In these long-forgotten novels, millions of German soldiers are storming the beaches of the Atlantic coast and capturing New York, Boston, and Washington. This paper examines invasion literature and brings to light such examples of the genre as John Bernard Walker’s America Fallen! (1915), Cleveland Moffett’s The Conquest of America (1916), and Thomas Dixon’s The Fall of a Nation (1916).
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Pantusa, Daniela, Felice D’Alessandro, Luigia Riefolo, Francesca Principato, and Giuseppe Tomasicchio. "Application of a Coastal Vulnerability Index. A Case Study along the Apulian Coastline, Italy." Water 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091218.
Full textAbstract:
The coastal vulnerability index (CVI) is a popular index in literature to assess the coastal vulnerability of climate change. The present paper proposes a CVI formulation to make it suitable for the Mediterranean coasts; the formulation considers ten variables divided into three typological groups: geological; physical process and vegetation. In particular, the geological variables are: geomorphology; shoreline erosion/accretion rates; coastal slope; emerged beach width and dune width. The physical process variables are relative sea-level change; mean significant wave height and mean tide range. The vegetation variables are width of vegetation behind the beach and posidonia oceanica. The first application of the proposed index was carried out for a stretch of the Apulia region coast, in the south of Italy; this application allowed to (i) identify the transects most vulnerable to sea level rise, storm surges and waves action and (ii) consider the usefulness of the index as a tool for orientation in planning strategies. For the case study presented in this work, the most influential variables in determining CVI are dune width and geomorphology. The transects that present a very high vulnerability are characterized by sandy and narrow beaches (without dunes and vegetation) and by the absence of Posidonia oceanica.