Academic literature on the topic 'Bead model'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bead model"

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Gaigalas, Adolfas K., Yu-Zhong Zhang, Linhua Tian, and Lili Wang. "Sources of Variability in the Response of Labeled Microspheres and B Cells during the Analysis by a Flow Cytometer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158256.

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A stochastic model of the flow cytometer measurement process was developed to assess the nature of the observed coefficient of variation (CV%) of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from a population of labeled microspheres (beads). Several sources of variability were considered: the total number of labels on a bead, the path through the laser beam, the optical absorption cross-section, the quantum yield, the numerical aperture of the collection optics, and the photoelectron conversion efficiency of the photomultiplier (PMT) cathode. The variation in the number of labels on a bead had the largest effect on the CV% of the MFI of the bead population. The variation in the path of the bead through the laser beam was minimized using flat-top lasers. The variability in the average optical properties of the labels was of minor importance for beads with sufficiently large number of labels. The application of the bead results to the measured CV% of labeled B cells indicated that the measured CV% was a reliable measure of the variability of antibodies bound per cell. With some modifications, the model can be extended to multicolor flow cytometers and to the study of CV% from cells with low fluorescence signal.
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Sun, C. M., O. S. Sezgin, A. K. Forrest, and B. L. Davies. "Use of vision in dispensing control and inspection of adhesives." Robotica 9, no. 4 (December 1991): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700000540.

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SUMMARYA prototype system utilizing a vision technique to monitor the parameters of adhesive beads or sealants is presented. The system uses a structured light technique to investigate adhesive beads and extract information about the shape of the bead from binary images. The geometrical model of the bead, the relationship between this model and the shape of a line of light on the image are investigated. The models for calculating the parameters of the bead and the height of the camera are analyzed. Control strategies are suggested.
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Hernando, Iñigo, Jon Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz, and Eneko Ukar. "Numerical Model for Predicting Bead Geometry and Microstructure in Laser Beam Welding of Inconel 718 Sheets." Metals 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8070536.

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A numerical model was developed for predicting the bead geometry and microstructure in laser beam welding of 2 mm thickness Inconel 718 sheets. The experiments were carried out with a 1 kW maximum power fiber laser coupled with a galvanometric scanner. Wobble strategy was employed for sweeping 1 mm wide circular areas for creating the weld seams, and a specific tooling was manufactured for supplying protective argon gas during the welding process. The numerical model takes into account both the laser beam absorption and the melt-pool fluid movement along the bead section, resulting in a weld geometry that depends on the process input parameters, such as feed rate and laser power. The microstructure of the beads was also estimated based on the cooling rate of the material. Features such as bead upper and bottom final shapes, weld penetration, and dendritic arm spacing, were numerically and experimentally analyzed and discussed. The results given by the numerical analysis agree with the tests, making the model a robust predictive tool.
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BLOM, J. G., and M. A. PELETIER. "A continuum model of lipid bilayers." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 15, no. 4 (August 2004): 487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792504005613.

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We study a one-dimensional continuum model for lipid bilayers. The system consists of water and lipid molecules; lipid molecules are represented by two ‘beads’, a head bead and a tail bead, connected by a rigid rod. We derive a simplified model for such a system, in which we only take into account the effects of entropy and hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions. We show that for this simple model membrane-like structures exist for certain choices of the parameters, and numerical calculations suggest that they are stable.
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Marciani, Luca, Penny A. Gowland, Annette Fillery-Travis, Pretima Manoj, Jeff Wright, Andrew Smith, Paul Young, Rachel Moore, and Robin C. Spiller. "Assessment of antral grinding of a model solid meal with echo-planar imaging." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): G844—G849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.5.g844.

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Mathematical modeling of how physical factors alter gastric emptying is limited by lack of precise measures of the forces exerted on gastric contents. We have produced agar gel beads (diameter 1.27 cm) with a range of fracture strengths (0.15–0.90 N) and assessed their breakdown by measuring their half-residence time (RT1/2) using magnetic resonance imaging. Beads were ingested either with a high (HV)- or low (LV)-viscosity liquid nutrient meal. With the LV meal, RT1/2was similar for bead strengths ranging from 0.15 to 0.65 N but increased from 22 ± 2 min (bead strength <0.65 N) to 65 ± 12 min for bead strengths >0.65 N. With the HV meal, emptying of the harder beads was accelerated. The sense of fullness after ingesting the LV meal correlated linearly (correlation coefficient = 0.99) with gastric volume and was independently increased by the harder beads, which were associated with an increased antral diameter. We conclude that the maximum force exerted by the gastric antrum is close to 0.65 N and that gastric sieving is impaired by HV meals.
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Fixman, Marshall. "Polyelectrolyte bead model. I. Equilibrium." Journal of Chemical Physics 92, no. 10 (May 15, 1990): 6283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458352.

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Mijailovich, Srboljub M., Milos Kojic, Miroslav Zivkovic, Ben Fabry, and Jeffrey J. Fredberg. "A finite element model of cell deformation during magnetic bead twisting." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 1429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00255.2002.

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Magnetic twisting cytometry probes mechanical properties of an adherent cell by applying a torque to a magnetic bead that is tightly bound to the cell surface. Here we have used a three-dimensional finite element model of cell deformation to compute the relationships between the applied torque and resulting bead rotation and lateral bead translation. From the analysis, we computed two coefficients that allow the cell elastic modulus to be estimated from measurements of either bead rotation or lateral bead translation, respectively, if the degree of bead embedding and the cell height are known. Although computed strains in proximity of the bead can be large, the relationships between applied torque and bead rotation or translation remain virtually linear up to bead rotations of 15°, above which geometrical nonlinearities become significant. This appreciable linear range stands in contrast to the intrinsically nonlinear force-displacement relationship that is observed when cells are indented during atomic force microscopy. Finally, these computations support the idea that adhesive forces are sufficient to keep the bead firmly attached to the cell surface throughout the range of working torques.
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Yoga Saputra, I. Made, Nyoman Semadi Antara, and Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Na-ALGINAT DAN UKURAN BEADS TERHADAP STABILITAS BEADS DAN AKTIVITAS SEL Agrobacterium tumefaciens LSU20 IMMOBIL DALAM BIODESULFURISASI DIBENZOTHIOFENA." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 6, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2018.v06.i02.p08.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration and size of Na-alginate beads that have the highest degradation activity of dibenzothiophene. Biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was performed using 3 Na-alginate concentrations and 3 different beads sizes in the oil model system. Biodesulfurization was performed with incubation for 24 hours. The previous research showed that sodium alginate (Na-alginate) was an appropriate immobilizing agent compared to other immobilized materials. Na-alginate 4% show the activity of the degradation of the most good that is 66.33% (bead size 2 mm), 62.99% (bead size 3 mm), 59.93% (bead size 4 mm), for concentration of 3% Na-alginate showed 65.58% (bead size 2 mm), 61.68% (bead size 3 mm) and 60.43% (bead size 4 mm), while concentration 5% showed the most low that is 64.86% (bead size 2 mm), 61.01% (bead size 3 mm), and 58.89% (bead size 4 mm). The stability test showed Na-alginate 4% have the stability and durability of the bead stronger, the test showed Na-alginate can be used up to five repeat and still have degradation activity. Key words: Biodesulfurization, Dibenzothiophene, Immobilized cells, Na-alginate.
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Siczek, Krzysztof, Wojciech Pawlak, Hubert Zatorski, and Jakub Fichna. "Measurement of Silver Nanolayer Absorption by the Body in an in Vivo Model of Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0008.

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Abstract Layers of silver particles are used in the studies on pathophysiology and treatment of diseases, both in pre-clinical and clinical conditions. Silver layers can be formed using different techniques and on different substrates. Deposition by magnetron sputtering on glass beads was used in this study. Silver absorption by the body was estimated by calculating the difference in thickness of the silver nanolayer deposited on a bead and measured before and after application of the bead in an animal model of gastrointestinal inflammation. Recommendations for the minimal thickness of silver nanolayer deposited on glass beads were worked out for further studies.
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Boutillier, Cédric. "The bead model and limit behaviors of dimer models." Annals of Probability 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-aop398.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bead model"

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Pande, Jayant Verfasser], and Ana-Sunčana [Gutachter] [Smith. "Analytical and numerical study of microswimming using the 'bead-spring model' / Jayant Pande ; Gutachter: Ana-Suncana Smith." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123284288/34.

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Pande, Jayant [Verfasser], and Ana-Sunčana [Gutachter] Smith. "Analytical and numerical study of microswimming using the 'bead-spring model' / Jayant Pande ; Gutachter: Ana-Suncana Smith." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123284288/34.

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Paudyal, Nabina. "Brownian Dynamics Simulation Of A Five-site Model for a Motor Protein on a Bead-Spring Substrate." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415390064.

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Pei, Hongxia. "Bead Modeling of Transport Properties of Macromolecules in Free Solution and in a Gel." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/49.

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On the bead modeling methodology, or BMM, a macromolecule is modeled as a rigid, non-overlapping bead array with arbitrary radii. The BMM approach was pioneered by Kirkwood and coworkers (Kirkwood, J.G., Macromolecules, E.P. Auer (Ed.), Gordon and Breach, New York, 1967; Kirkwood, J.G., Riseman, J., J. Chem. Phys., 1948, 16, 565) and applied to such transport properties as diffusion, sedimentation, and viscosity. With the availability of computers, a number of investigators extended the work to account for the detailed shape of biomolecules in the 1970s. A principle objective of my research has been to apply the BMM approach to more complex transport phenomena such as transport in a gel, electrophoresis (free solution and in a gel), and also transport in more complex media (such as the viscosity of alkanes and benzene). Variables considered by the BMM include the number of beads (N), the radii of the beads, net charge and charge distribution, conformations, salt type, and salt concentration. The BMM has been extended to: (1) account for the existence of a gel; (2) characterize the charge and secondary structure of macromolecules; (3) account more accurately for hydrodynamic interaction (remove the orientationnal preaveraging approximation of hydrodynamic interaction); (4) study the effect of ion relaxation for particles in arbitrary size, shape, and charge; (5) consider the salt dependence of electrokinetic properties; (6) account for the formation of possible complex between guest ions and BGE ions. We also did diffusion constant measurement by NMR for amino acids and short peptides in 10%D2O-90% H2O at room temperature and applied to our modeling study by BMM.
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Xin, Yao. "Electrokinetic Modeling of Free Solution Electrophoresis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/18.

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Modeling electrophoresis of peptides, proteins, DNA, blood cells and colloids is based on classical electrokinetic theory. The coupled field equations-Poisson, Navier-Stokes or Brinkman, and ion transport equations are solved numerically to calculate the electrophoretic mobilities. First, free solution electrophoretic mobility expressions are derived for weakly charged rigid bead arrays. Variables include the number of beads (N), their size (radius), charge, distribution (configuration), salt type, and salt concentration. We apply these mobility expressions to rings, rigid rods, and wormlike chain models and then apply the approach to the electrophoretic mobilities and translational diffusion constants of weakly charged peptides. It is shown that our bead model can predict the electrophoretic mobilities accurately. In order to make the method applicable at higher salt concentrations and/or to models consisting of larger sized subunits, account is taken of the finite size of the beads making up the model structure. For highly charged particles, it is also necessary to account for ion relaxation. This ion relaxation effect is accounted for by correcting "unrelaxed" mobilities on the basis of model size and average electrostatic surface, or "zeta" potential. With these corrections our model can be applied to the system with absolute electrophoretic mobilities exceeding approximately 0.20 cm2/kV sec and also models involving larger subunits. This includes bead models of duplex DNA. Along somewhat different lines, we have investigated the electrophoresis of colloidal particles with an inner hard core and an outer diffusive layer ("hairy" particles). An electrokinetic gel layer model of a spherical, highly charged colloid particle developed previously, is extended in several ways. The charge of the particle is assumed to arise from the deprotonation of acidic groups that are uniformly distributed over a portion (or all) of the gel layer. Free energy considerations coupled with Poisson-Boltzmann theory is used to calculate the change of the local pKa of the acidic groups depending on the local electrostatic environment. Based on the modeling of electrophoresis and viscosity, we predict that the thickness of the gel layer decreases as the salt concentration increases. And only the outermost portion of the gel layer is charged.
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Wang, Zifeng. "Langevin Dynamics Simulation of Catenaned Polymer Translocation through A Nanopore under A Driving Force." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1619736392349226.

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Mackura, Mark. "Nano-confinement Effects of Crystalline Walls on the Glass Transition of a Model Polymer." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366815752.

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Sun, Wangru. "Modèle de forêts enracinées sur des cycles et modèle de perles via les dimères." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS007/document.

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Le modèle de dimères, également connu sous le nom de modèle de couplage parfait, est un modèle probabiliste introduit à l'origine dans la mécanique statistique. Une configuration de dimères d'un graphe est un sous-ensemble des arêtes tel que chaque sommet est incident à exactement une arête. Un poids est attribué à chaque arête et la probabilité d'une configuration est proportionnelle au produit des poids des arêtes présentes. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions principalement deux modèles qui sont liés au modèle de dimères, et plus particulièrement leur comportements limites. Le premier est le modèle des forêts couvrantes enracinées sur des cycles (CRSF) sur le tore, qui sont en bijection avec les configurations de dimères via la bijection de Temperley. Dans la limite quand la taille du tore tend vers l'infini, la mesure sur les CRSF converge vers une mesure de Gibbs ergodique sur le plan tout entier. Nous étudions la connectivité de l'objet limite, prouvons qu'elle est déterminée par le changement de hauteur moyen de la mesure de Gibbs ergodique et donnons un diagramme de phase. Le second est le modèle de perles, un processus ponctuel sur $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{R}$ qui peut être considéré comme une limite à l'échelle du modèle de dimères sur un réseau hexagonal. Nous formulons et prouvons un principe variationnel similaire à celui du modèle dimère \cite{CKP01}, qui indique qu'à la limite de l'échelle, la fonction de hauteur normalisée d'une configuration de perles converge en probabilité vers une surface $h_0$ qui maximise une certaine fonctionnelle qui s'appelle "entropie". Nous prouvons également que la forme limite $h_0$ est une limite de l'échelle des formes limites de modèles de dimères. Il existe une correspondance entre configurations de perles et (skew) tableaux de Young standard, qui préserve la mesure uniforme sur les deux ensembles. Le principe variationnel du modèle de perles implique une forme limite d'un tableau de Young standard aléatoire. Ce résultat généralise celui de \cite{PR}. Nous dérivons également l'existence d'une courbe arctique d'un processus ponctuel discret qui encode les tableaux standard, defini dans \cite{Rom}
The dimer model, also known as the perfect matching model, is a probabilistic model originally introduced in statistical mechanics. A dimer configuration of a graph is a subset of the edges such that every vertex is incident to exactly one edge of the subset. A weight is assigned to every edge, and the probability of a configuration is proportional to the product of the weights of the edges present. In this thesis we mainly study two related models and in particular their limiting behavior. The first one is the model of cycle-rooted-spanning-forests (CRSF) on tori, which is in bijection with toroidal dimer configurations via Temperley's bijection. This gives rise to a measure on CRSF. In the limit that the size of torus tends to infinity, the CRSF measure tends to an ergodic Gibbs measure on the whole plane. We study the connectivity property of the limiting object, prove that it is determined by the average height change of the limiting ergodic Gibbs measure and give a phase diagram. The second one is the bead model, a random point field on $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{R}$ which can be viewed as a scaling limit of dimer model on a hexagon lattice. We formulate and prove a variational principle similar to that of the dimer model \cite{CKP01}, which states that in the scaling limit, the normalized height function of a uniformly chosen random bead configuration lies in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of a surface $h_0$ that maximizes some functional which we call as entropy. We also prove that the limit shape $h_0$ is a scaling limit of the limit shapes of a properly chosen sequence of dimer models. There is a map form bead configurations to standard tableaux of a (skew) Young diagram, and the map is measure preserving if both sides take uniform measures. The variational principle of the bead model yields the existence of the limit shape of a random standard Young tableau, which generalizes the result of \cite{PR}. We derive also the existence of an arctic curve of a discrete point process that encodes the standard tableaux, raised in \cite{Rom}
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Kriuchevskyi, Ivan. "Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of glass-forming polymers in the bulk and thin films : molecular dynamics study of model systems." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE044/document.

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En nous concentrant sur les valeurs du module de cisaillement l’équilibre Geq pour le modèle bien connu des polymères vitrifiables (echantillionné par le biais de la MD), nous avons adressé la question générale de en quoi les propriétées méchaniques des couches mince diffères de la phase volumique. Il a été démontrè que dans les deux cas Geq de manière non ambigus sèpare l’état fluide (Geq = 0) de l’état vitreux (Geq > 0). Nous avons aussi insisté sur le fait que Geq pour la couche mince dépend de lépaisseur du film h mais aussi de de la pression tangentielle qui est un résultante de la procédure de préparation de la couche mince
Focusing on the equilibrium shear modulus Geq of well-known glass-forming polymer model system (sampled by means of MD), we have addressed the general question of how the mechanical properties of the thin polymer films differs from the bulk. Using ”stress fluctuation” formalism we obtained Geq(T) for the bulk and films. It has been demonstrated that in both cases Geq unambiguously separates the fluid state (Geq = 0) from the glass (Geq > 0). We also stressed that Geq for the film does not only depend on film thickness h, but also on tangential pressure that is a consequence of the film preparation procedure
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Hove, Darlington. "Finite element analysis of a composite sandwich beam subjected to a four point bend." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1465.

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The work in this dissertation deals with the global structural response and local damage effects of a simply supported natural fibre composite sandwich beam subjected to a four-point bend. For the global structural response, we are investigating the flexural behaviour of the composite sandwich beam. We begin by using the principle of virtual work to derive the linear and nonlinear Timoshenko beam theory. Based on these theories, we then proceed to develop the respective finite element models and then implement the numerical algorithm in MATLAB. Comparing the numerical results with experimental results from the CSIR, the numerical model correctly and qualitatively recovers the underlying mechanics with some noted deviances which are explained at the end. The local damage effect of interest is delamination and we begin by reviewing delamination theory with more emphasis on the cohesive zone model. The cohesive zone model relates the traction at the interface to the relative displacement of the interface thereby creating a material model of the interface. We then carry out a cohesive zone model delamination case study in MSC.Marc and MSC.Mentat software packages. The delamination modelling is carried out purely as a numerical study as there are no experimental results to validate the numerical results.
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Books on the topic "Bead model"

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Denneman, Arthur Ignatius Maria. An extended bead-spring model for applications in rheology. Delft: Delft University Press, 1998.

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Emka, Moammar. In bed with model$: Top secret model face off! : sisi gelap model sinetron, model catwalk, model iklan, model escort & foto model. Jakarta: GagasMedia, 2006.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Movable Bed Physical Models (1987 Delft, Netherlands). Movable bed physical models. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Shen, Hsieh Wen. Movable Bed Physical Models. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990.

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Shen, Hsieh Wen, ed. Movable Bed Physical Models. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2081-1.

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Rocşoreanu, C. The FitzHugh-Nagumo Model: Bifurcation and Dynamics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000.

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Rogers, Lynn L. Habitat suitability index models. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development, 1992.

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Emka, Moammar. In bed with models: New chapter : dari selebritas papan atas, model ani-ani, PR-an sampai cabe-cabean. Jagakarsa, Jakarta: Enter!Media, 2014.

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Leeuwenstein, W. The computation of bed shear in a numerical model. Delft: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, 1985.

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Wilcock, Peter R. Sediment transport primer: Estimating bed-material transport in gravel-bed rivers. Fort Collins, CO: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bead model"

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Madsen, O., J. Lauridsen, H. Holm, J. Boelskifte, and I. Hafsteinsson. "Model of Root-Bead Welding for Off-line Programming and Control." In Computer Applications in Production Engineering, 847–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34879-7_88.

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Kang, S. "Functional Characteristics of the Spasm Model by the Polystyrene Latex Bead." In Cerebral Vasospasm, 103–5. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6232-3_22.

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Carrasco, B., S. E. Harding, and J. Garcia de la Torre. "Usefulness of the Bead Model Algorithm SOLPRO for Modeling the Conformation of Seed Globulins." In Plant Proteins from European Crops, 152–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03720-1_26.

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Gao, Yanfeng, Qisheng Wang, Yanfeng Gong, and Linran Huang. "Weld Bead Penetration State Recognition in GTAW Process Based on a Human Auditory Perception Model." In Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 69–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3651-5_5.

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Layher, Michel, Lukas Eckhardt, Andreas Hopf, and Jens Bliedtner. "Development of a Process Model for Bead Deposition Rates and Cooling Behavior of Large Scale Additive Manufacturing Parts." In Industrializing Additive Manufacturing, 223–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_16.

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Ivanov, S., E. Valdaytseva, and I. Udin. "Model for Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field and Bead Profile in Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of T-Joint." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 399–409. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22063-1_43.

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Yoder, Nathanael C., Timothy J. Johnson, and Douglas E. Adams. "Near Real-Time Monitoring of Bead Area Damage in Rolling Tires Using a Rotating Wheel Model and Multi-Directional Vibration Data." In Damage Assessment of Structures VII, 233–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-444-8.233.

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Zhou, Y., J. C. M. Marijnissen, S. M. Lemkowitz, and B. H. Bibo. "A Deposition Model for Fibres in the Deep Parts of the Lung Based on Similarities of Bead Beds and Human Lungs." In Aerosol Inhalation: Recent Research Frontiers, 127–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1694-4_6.

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Mohanty, Uttam Kumar, Abhay Sharma, Yohei Abe, Takahiro Fujimoto, Mitsuyoshi Nakatani, Akikazu Kitagawa, Manabu Tanaka, and Tetsuo Suga. "Geometric Model of the Weld Bead in DC and Square AC Submerged Arc Welding of 2.25 Cr-1 Mo Heat Resistant Steel." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 433–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9433-2_38.

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Arulanandham, Joshua J. "Implementing Bead-Sort with P Systems." In Unconventional Models of Computation, 115–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45833-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bead model"

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Nazemi, Navid, Ruth Jill Urbanic, and Syed Saqib. "Utilizing a Numerical Simulation to Model a Step Function Response for 420 Stainless Steel Powder Laser Cladding." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71687.

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To develop realistic process planning simulation tools and build strategies, an understanding of realistic transient conditions needs to be explored for multiple overlapping beads and 3D build ups. In the past, most of the research has focused on optimization strategies for a process configuration, typically for a single-track bead in steady state conditions. Changes in the bead geometry are inherent when depositing material; consequently, understanding dynamic, time varying heating and solidification conditions for multiple bead scenarios needs to be investigated. It is important to understand the system characteristics and its influence on the all the bead geometry parameters (not just the width) and the resultant hardness. Initially, a set of physical laser cladding experiments have been performed for single and multiple bead scenarios using 420 stainless steel powder being deposited onto mild steel plate with step variations being applied for the process power. For this research, complementary simulation models are developed, and the effects of the transient conditions on the bead hardness for several scenarios are investigated for four process power input step-functions using an imposed thermal cycling simulation approach. It is observed that the hardness values change from higher to lower values between the first and third beads, and for all scenarios, the hardness converges to a uniform value. When comparing geometry and hardness results, it can be seen that the geometry has more oscillations than the hardness. More research in this area is essential to develop robust real-time control solutions that encompass functional requirements such as hardness as well as the bead geometry.
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Popkov, A. Y. "Electrodynamical model for open resonator with dielectric bead." In 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology" (CriMiCo 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2010.5632407.

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Mullins, Jonathan, and Jens Gunnars. "Welding Simulation: Relationship Between Welding Geometry and Determination of Hardening Model." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78599.

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It is generally acknowledged that the material hardening model exerts a considerable effect on predicted weld residual stress fields. For this reason the choice of hardening model has attracted interest among analysts, particularly during recent validation studies. Nevertheless there is still lack of evidence for a hardening model which is generally applicable for all welding geometries. In this work we examine the predictions of nonlinear kinematic, isotropic and mixed hardening models for two different geometries: a single bead on plate weld, and a multi-bead girth weld. Hardening parameters are based on the same openly available mechanical test data. Deformation histories for the two welding geometries are presented. Predicted residual stress profiles are compared with experimental measurements. It is noted that nonlinear kinematic hardening results in good predictions for the single bead welding simulation where hardening in the weld and HAZ is dominated by a single heating and cooling cycle. Isotropic hardening results in good predictions for the 42 bead girth weld, where hardening in the weld and HAZ is heavily influenced by several heating and cooling cycles from the addition of several weld beads and where some relaxation of residual stress is possible. Mixed hardening can result in good predictions for both welding geometries. Additional strategies for development of material models based on isotropic and kinematic hardening and relevant test data are discussed with particular attention paid to intermediate weld geometries.
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Lemley, Evan C., Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou, and Henry J. Neeman. "Non-Darcy Flow Pore Network Simulation: Development and Validation of a 3D Model." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37278.

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This validation study is part of a larger ongoing study to improve flow simulation in three dimensions in porous materials. Obtaining porous flow parameters such as permeability and Forchheimer’s coefficient is time consuming and expensive, and may be very sample dependent. This study is aimed at verifying a simulation technique that predicts flow parameters, including permeability and Forchheimer’s coefficient, by comparing simulation results to empirical results. The simulation technique used performs Monte Carlo trials by using statistical information about pore size distributions to generate random pore networks consisting of pipes and junctions, then simulating flow through the network. The validations have been performed for a packed bed of glass beads and for sandstone. For glass beads the relationship between permeability and Forchheimer’s coefficient follows an empirical relationship known as Ergun’s equation, while sandstone has been compared to measured data for the permeability versus Forchheimer coefficient relationship. The glass bead simulations resulted in a very close match to Ergun’s equation for the permeability versus Forchheimer coefficient. The sandstone simulations showed similar trends to the empirical data for permeability versus Forchheimer coefficient.
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Baier, Tobias, Swaty Mohanty, Klaus Stefan Drese, Federica Rampf, Jungtae Kim, and Friedhelm Scho¨nfeld. "Modelling Immunomagnetic Cell Capture in CFD." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62176.

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The separation of cells from a complex sample by immunomagnetic capture has become a standard technique in the last decade and has also obtained increased attention for microfluidic applications. We present a model that incorporates binding kinetics for the formation of cell-bead complexes, which can easily be integrated into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The model relies on the three equation types: Navier-Stokes equations governing the fluid dynamics, convection-diffusion equations for non-magnetic cells and a Nernst-Planck type equation governing the temporal evolution of cell-bead complex concentrations. The latter two equations are augmented by appropriate ‘reaction’ terms governing the binding kinetics which is formulated as a population rate balance between creation and annihilation of cell-bead complexes. First, the simulation results show, that by means of the developed approach appropriate parameter sets can be identified which allow for a continuous separation of tagged cells (cell/bead complexes) from non-magnetic particles such as non-target cells entering with the target cells. Moreover tagged cells can be, to a certain extend, separated from unbound beads. Second, the computed concentrations at the outlet show a drastic drop for higher cell/bead complexes beyond a certain number of beads per cell. We show that a critical number of beads per cells exists where the binding is considerably reduced or the reaction cascade ceases completely. This occurs when cell/bead complex have a similar magnetic mobility as the free magnetic beads. The presented CFD model has been applied to the simulation of a generic continuous cell separation system showing that the method facilitates the design of magnetophoretic systems.
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Oh, Xi Yu, and Gim Song Soh. "A Study on the Machine Learning Framework for the Geometric Modelling of Wire Arc Bead Profile." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22295.

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Abstract Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a manufacturing process that deposits weld beads layer-by-layer in a planar fashion, leading to a final part. Thus, the accuracy of the printed geometry is largely dependent on the knowledge of the bead profile employed, which by itself is dependent on a variety of process parameters, such as wire feedrate and torch speed. Existing models for modelling bead profile are based on its width and height, which do not necessarily capture the geometry of the weld bead accurately. This could affect the step over increment strategy, which dictates the geometry of the resulting overlapping valley. In this paper, we formulate and evaluate the performance of a variety of machine learning framework for predicting the bead cross-sectional profiles. To model the geometry of a bead, we explored direct cartesian representations using polynomials and vertical coordinates, as well as a higher dimensional representation using planar quaternions for supervised learning. Experiments are conducted on single bead SS316L material to compare the various framework performance. We found that among these, the planar quaternion representation with a non-linear neural network framework captures and retains the curvature characteristics of the bead during the learning and prediction process most accurately with a mean Chi-Square goodness of fit of 0.026.
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Du, Hao, S. Jack Hu, Pei-Chung Wang, and Jingjing Li. "Estimation of Weld Bead Geometry in Gas Metal Arc Welding of Aluminum Using Electrical Signals and Liquid Surface Model." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9370.

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While gas metal arc welding of aluminum has been widely implemented in automotive industry, it is prone to process disturbances. Therefore, an effective monitoring method is necessary to ensure the weld quality (e.g., weld bead height, width and penetration). In this study, an online method was developed to estimate the weld bead geometry using the combination of the real time welding signals, characteristics of weld bead geometry and a liquid surface model. The liquid surface model can represent the steady-state geometry of the weld pool with varying characteristics, such as volume, boundary conditions and surface tension. To model the geometry of the weld pool, the weld pool moved and updated its geometry in response to the merging of each new droplet. The detachment time and size of the new droplet were obtained by analyzing real time welding voltage and current. The surface tension was characterized by the effective contact angle measured under various welding conditions. Moreover, the effective contact angles and radius of arc-affected zone were introduced to significantly simplify the complicated thermal behavior during welding. Finally, the weld bead geometry was estimated using real welding signals in both globular and spray transfer modes and validated with the experimental results. This method predicts weld bead geometry with satisfied accurancy for engineering use and in a comparable speed as the welding speed; and thus can be applied as an online monitoring method for the weld bead quality.
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Aggarwal, Kush, Ruth Jill Urbanic, Luv Aggarwal, and Syed Saqib. "Identifying Relative Importance of Input Parameter(s) for Developing Predictive Model for Laser Cladding Process." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37719.

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Laser cladding (LC) is a multi-variable coating process which consists of process multiple inputs and associated bead geometry outputs. Fabrication of a desired clad bead geometry configuration is expensive, as it involves investment of specialized raw materials, specialty equipment, and time resources. Hence, it is vital to determine factors/inputs that affect the overall physical bead geometry parameters (response variables), and the nature of the responses. The objective of this research is to identify the extent of the contribution of each factor and impact of their interactions on the output which is essential in developing effective predictive models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and sensitivity analysis methodologies are studied in this research to determine the most significant process factors that relate to the shape parameters for a typical laser cladding production process scenario. A set of statistical based summaries for all response variables are presented. This includes contour and surface plots to illustrate the difference in effects for a response variable by a single process parameter as compared to two or more interacting process parameters. Finally, an optimization solver toolbox is applied to determine single and multiple objective optimization results that can be obtained for various desired bead geometries.
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Son, Joon Sik, Jong-Pyo Lee, Min-Ho Park, Byeong-Ju Jin, and Ill-Soo Kim. "On-Line Model to Control Bead Height for Automatic GMA Welding Process." In The 2nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme16.127.

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Zhou, J., and H. L. Tsai. "Application of Electromagnetic Force in Laser Welding." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43479.

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In recent years, lasers have been widely used in the welding processes for automotive, aerospace, electrical and heavy manufacturing industries due to their high power density, small heat-affected zone and high productivity. Especially, with high depth-to-width ratio and high welding efficiency, keyhole-mode laser welding is more promising compared to the conventional welding processes. However, a number of defects, such as porosity, irregular beads, undercut and humping are frequently observed in laser welds, which deteriorates the strength and quality of the welded parts. In current study, an externally controllable electromagnetic force is introduced into the laser welding process to prevent porosity formation and to control weld bead shape. Numerical models are developed to study the transport phenomena in laser welding and to accurately calculate the current density and magnetic flux fields and the resulting electromagnetic forces in three-dimensional weldments. Effects of the electromagnetic force on metal flow, heat and mass transfer and weld bead shape are investigated. The continuum model is used to handle the entire domain including solid phase, liquid phase and mush zone. The enthalpy method is employed to handle the absorption and release of latent heat during melting and solidification. Inverse Bremsstrahlung (IB) absorption, Fresnel absorption and multiple reflections of laser beam energy at the keyhole walls are considered for the study of laser-plasma interaction. Volume of Fluid (VOF) technique is adopted to calculate the free surface evolution in the computation. As indicated by this study, porosity-free laser welds with desired bead shapes can be achieved with appropriate applications of electromagnetic forces.
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Reports on the topic "Bead model"

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McCoy, John Dwane, Jonathan R. Brown, and Douglas Brian Adolf. Dynamic heat capacity of the east model and of a bead-spring polymer model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029785.

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Weiland, Mark A., Robert P. Mueller, Thomas J. Carlson, Zhiquan Deng, and Craig A. McKinstry. Characterization of Bead Trajectories Through the Draft Tube of a Turbine Physical Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15011275.

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Weiland, M. A., R. P. Mueller, T. J. Carlson, Z. D. Deng, and C. A. McKinstry. Characterization of bead trajectories through the draft tube of a turbine physical model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218122.

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Furman, M., K. Ng, and A. Chao. A symplectic model of coherent beam-beam quadrupole modes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6778664.

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Lazerson, Samuel. BEAMS3D Neutral Beam Injection Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129429.

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Chao, A. W. A summary of some beam-beam models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6450620.

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Yang, Zhaoqing, Wei-Cheng Wu, and Taiping Wang. Model Test Bed for Evaluating Unstructured-Grid Wave Models for Resource Assessment and Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1630729.

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Fischer W. Observation of Coherent Beam-Beam Modes in RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061669.

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Forest, E., and M. Furman. Algebraic theory of beam-beam interaction in the thin lens model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7019665.

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Neary, Vincent Sinclair, Zhaoqing Yang, Taiping Wang, Budi Gunawan, and Ann Renee Dallman. Model Test Bed for Evaluating Wave Models and Best Practices for Resource Assessment and Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1431460.

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