Relevant bibliographies by topics / Beaked whales

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Beaked whales'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Beaked whales"

1

Cox, T. M., T. J. Ragen, A. J. Read, et al. "Understanding the impacts of anthropogenic sound on beaked whales." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 3 (2023): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.729.

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This review considers the effect of anthropogenic sound on beaked whales2. Two major conclusions are presented: (1) gas-bubble disease, induced in supersaturated tissue by a behavioural response to acoustic exposure, is a plausible pathologic mechanism for the morbidity and mortality seen in cetaceans associated with sonar exposure and merits further investigation; and (2) current monitoring and mitigation methods for beaked whales are ineffective for detecting these animals and protecting them from adverse sound exposure. In addition, four major research priorities, needed to address information gaps on the impacts of sound on beaked whales, are identified: (1) controlled exposure experiments to assess beaked whale responses to known sound stimuli; (2) investigation of physiology, anatomy, pathobiology and behaviour of beaked whales; (3) assessment of baseline diving behaviour and physiology of beaked whales; and (4) a retrospective review of beaked whale strandings.
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Otley, Helen, John Smith, and Merel L. Dalebout. "Beaked whale strandings on the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean, between 1866 and 2008." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 8 (2011): 1851–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000749.

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Records of beaked whales stranded in the Falkland Islands and at South Georgia were collated for the period 1866 to 2008. Thirty-eight records, involving at least seven species in four genera, were documented. Strap-toothed whales (Mesoplodon layardii Gray, 1865) were the most common species with 11 records, including two neonates. Andrews' beaked whales (M. bowdoini Andrews, 1908), Arnoux's beaked whales (Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851), Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris Gray, 1823), Gray's beaked whale (M. grayi van Haast, 1876), Hector's beaked whales (M. hectori Gray, 1871) and southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882) were recorded on three to five occasions. In several cases, records suggested potential temporal changes in range. For example, Arnoux's beaked whale has not been recorded in the Falkland Islands since 1965, whilst Gray's beaked whale was not recorded prior to 1981, and Andrews' beaked whale was not recorded before 1987. Although the number of records for each species is low, this could reflect changes in water temperatures and/or prey availability. Overall, this study confirms that the Falkland Islands–Tierra del Fuego region is one of the world's key areas for beaked whales.
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MacLeod, C. D., and G. Mitchell. "Key areas for beaked whales worldwide." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 3 (2023): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.740.

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Beaked whales represent one of the groups of large mammals about which relatively little is still known. Many beaked whale species are known of from less than 50 records and one is known only from three partial skeletons. Beaked whales are subject to bycatch by fisheries, ingestion of plastics, accumulation of biocontaminants and adverse effects from anthropogenic noise. However, the inadequacy of knowledge about their biology means that developing effective conservation strategies can be difficult. We suggest that beaked whale conservation can best be achieved if, in consort with other approaches, key areas for beaked whales around the world can be identified. We suggest five criteria that can be used to identify key areas for beaked whales where, if human impacts were to occur, they would cause conservation concerns for beaked whales at a regional or global level. Using these criteria, 23 beaked whale key areas have been identified, based on existing knowledge contained in a database created from published and unpublished beaked whale records. In total, these 23 key areas covered the locations of almost 70% of all the beaked whale records in the database. However, for the identification of key areas to provide a useful tool for beaked whale conservation it is important not only that they are identified but that appropriate assessment and mitigation strategies are implemented within them to ensure that beaked whales are not adversely affected by human activities.
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Rommel, S. A., A. M. Costidis, A. Fernandez, et al. "Elements of beaked whale anatomy and diving physiology and some hypothetical causes of sonar-related stranding." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 3 (2023): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.730.

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A number of mass strandings of beaked whales have in recent decades been temporally and spatially coincident with military activities involving the use of midrange sonar. The social behaviour of beaked whales is poorly known, it can be inferred from strandings and some evidence of at-sea sightings. It is believed that some beaked whale species have social organisation at some scale; however most strandings are of individuals, suggesting that they spend at least some part of their life alone. Thus, the occurrence of unusual mass strandings of beaked whales is of particular importance. In contrast to some earlier reports, the most deleterious effect that sonar may have on beaked whales may not be trauma to the auditory system as a direct result of ensonification. Evidence now suggests that the most serious effect is the evolution of gas bubbles in tissues, driven by behaviourally altered dive profiles (e.g. extended surface intervals) or directly from ensonification. It has been predicted that the tissues of beaked whales are supersaturated with nitrogen gas on ascent due to the characteristics of their deep-diving behaviour. The lesions observed in beaked whales that mass stranded in the Canary Islands in 2002 are consistent with, but not diagnostic of, decompression sickness. These lesions included gas and fat emboli and diffuse multiorgan haemorrhage. This review describes what is known about beaked whale anatomy and physiology and discusses mechanisms that may have led to beaked whale mass strandings that were induced by anthropogenic sonar. Beaked whale morphology is illustrated using Cuvier’s beaked whale as the subject of the review. As so little is known about the anatomy and physiology of beaked whales, the morphologies of a relatively well-studied delphinid, the bottlenose dolphin and a well-studied terrestrial mammal, the domestic dog are heavily drawn on.
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Cárdenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo, Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla, and Lorenzo Rojas-Bracho. "Occurrence of Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) at Guadalupe Island, Mexico, from 2006 to 2009." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 10, no. 1 (2015): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00192.

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Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is the most widely distributed species of beaked whale, with a cosmopolitan distribution throughout almost all temperate, subtropical and tropical waters of the world as well as subpolar and even polar waters in some areas. Globally, it may also be the most abundant species of beaked whale within the family Ziphiidae. However, there is little information on local distribution in many areas around the world. Before 2009, no dedicated research on beaked whales occurred in Guadalupe Island. In this note, we report opportunistic sightings of Cuvier’s beaked whales recorded during a white shark research project from 2006 through 2008, and the results obtained in 2009 during a pilot study focused on the beaked whales of Guadalupe Island.
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Barlow, Jay, Megan C. Ferguson, William F. Perrin, et al. "Abundance and densities of beaked and bottlenose whales (family Ziphiidae)." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 3 (2023): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.736.

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Estimating the abundance and density of beaked whales is more difficult than for most other cetacean species. Consequently few estimates appear in the published literature. Field identification is problematic, especially for the smaller species, and visual detection rates decrease dramatically with Beaufort sea state; prior experience is very important to an observer’s ability to detect beaked whales. Passive acoustics may hold future promise for detecting beaked whales from their vocalisations, especially for the larger species. Most published estimates of abundance or density are based on visual line-transect studies that found narrower effective strip widths and lower trackline detection probabilities for beaked whales than for most other cetaceans. Published density estimates range from 0.4-44 whales per 1,000km2 for small beaked whales and up to 68 whales per 1,000km2 for large beaked whales. Mark-recapture methods based on photo-identification have been used to estimate abundance in a few cases in limited geographical areas. Focused research is needed to improve beaked whale abundance and density estimates worldwide.
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Barlow, Jay, and Robert Gisiner. "Mitigating, monitoring and assessing the effects of anthropogenic sound on beaked whales." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 3 (2023): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.734.

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Certain anthropogenic sounds are widely believed to cause strandings of beaked whales, but their impacts on beaked whale populations are not known and methods for mitigating their effects are largely untested. The sound sources that have been coincident with beaked whale strandings are military, mid-frequency sonar (2-10kHz) and airgun arrays, both of which are used widely throughout the world for defence and geophysical exploration, respectively and for which alternative technologies are not readily available. Avoidance of beaked whale habitats is superficially a straightforward means of reducing the potential effects, but beaked whales are widely distributed and can be found in virtually all deep-water marine habitats that are free of ice. Some areas of high beaked whale abundance have been identified, but the geographic distribution is poorly known for most species. Beaked whales are both visually and acoustically difficult to detect. Commonly used mitigation measures (e.g. ‘ramp-up’ and ‘detection-modification-avoidance’) have not been assessed for their effectiveness. Surveys to detect population-level impacts would likely require many years of regular monitoring and for most areas where beaked whale strandings have occurred, there are no pre-exposure estimates of population sizes. Risk assessment models can be used to estimate the sound levels to which beaked whales might be exposed under a variety of scenarios, however, the lack of information on the causal mechanism for soundrelated beaked whale strandings makes it difficult to identify exposure levels that would warrant mitigative actions. Controlled exposure experiments, which measure the behavioural responses of animals to fully characterised sound sources, may hold the greatest potential for understanding the behavioural responses of beaked whales to sound and for designing mitigation methods to avoid future impacts.
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Chambers, Lucinda E., Jane McPhee-Frew, and Tracey L. Rogers. "Arnoux’s beaked whales acoustically misidentified as Type C killer whales in Prydz Bay, Antarctica." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023324.

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The Southern Ocean is home to five ecotypes of killer whale, which differ in diet, morphology, behaviour, and vocal repertoire. Recently, fish-eating Type C killer whales were reported in Prydz Bay, Antarctica from sounds recorded in hydrophone data collected in March 2017, on the basis that these sounds bore similarities to acoustic behaviour of Icelandic fish-eating killer whales. Here we re-examine the structure of the sounds identified as Prydz Bay Type C killer whales and we identify the calls to be those of the Arnoux’s beaked whale. The whistles are more structurally similar and fall within the same frequency range as those of the Arnoux’s beaked whale, rather than the killer whale. Of the two killer whale types observed in Prydz Bay, the most common had behaviour and morphology typical of Type B killer whales, while the other had morphology typical of Type A. Although we show that the sounds are not likely to be killer whale Type C calls, this would be the first recorded occurrence of Arnoux’s beaked whales in Prydz Bay. Arnoux’s beaked whales are a rarely seen, cryptic whale species.
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Kasamatsu, Fujio, and Gerald G. Joyce. "Current status of Odontocetes in the Antarctic." Antarctic Science 7, no. 4 (1995): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102095000514.

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The current status of Antarctic Odontocetes – sperm whales Physeter catodon, killer whales Orcinus orca, long-finned pilot whales Globicephala melaena, hourglass dolphins Lagenorhynchus cruciger and poorly known species of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae)–were studied in Anatarctic waters using data gathered in sighting surveys conducted from 1976/77 to 1987/88. Temporal variation in density demonstrated the different migration patterns by species, especially between sperm whale and killer whale. Spatial distributions during mid-summer demonstrated different peaks of occurrence for each species by latitude that suggest possible segregation between the species. Killer whales occur mainly in the very southernmost areas, sperm whales in the southern half of the study area, beaked whales (mostly southern bottlenose whales Hyperoodon planifrons) ranged over a wide area, and long-finned pilot whales and hourglass dolphins were mainly in the northern regions of Antarctic waters. Several longitudinal peaks of occurrence and apparent distribution gaps were identified for sperm, beaked and killer whales. Abundance estimates for south of the Antarctic Convergence in January are based on line transect theory and were 28 100 animals (coefficient of variation CV 0.18) sperm whales, 599 300 (0.15) beaked whales (mostly southern bottlenose whales), 80 400 (0.15) killer whales, 200 000 (0.35) long-finned pilot whales, and 144 300 (0.17) hourglass dolphins. Based on this, biomass of these species were estimated as 0.77 (sperm whales), 2.70 (beaked whales), 0.32 (killer whales), 0.16 (long-finned pilot whales) and 0.01 (hourglass dolphins) million tonnes. Consumption of food (mostly squid) by the Odontocetes is estimated as 14.4 million tonnes with 67% of the total consumed by beaked whales. Indirect consumption of Antarctic krill through the predation of squid by beaked whales is estimated to be c. 24 million tonnes. This value is similar to the estimate of krill consumption by penguins in the Antarctic (33 million tonnes). Odontocetes, especially southern bottlenose whales, are suggested to have a much greater role in the Antarctic ecosystem than has previously been considered.
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MacLeod, Colin D., and Angela D'Amico. "A review of beaked whale behaviour and ecology in relation to assessing and mitigating impacts of anthropogenic noise." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 3 (2023): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.731.

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Little is known about the ecology and behaviour of species within the family Ziphiidae. In this paper, five aspects of beaked whale ecology and behaviour are reviewed in relation to possible anthropogenic impacts upon them: social structure; life history; foraging/diving ecology; form and function of beaked whale sounds; and habitat characteristics. Differences in social structure within and between species may affect how anthropogenic activities affect local populations. Life history parameters may likewise vary within and between species and may influence the extent of and ability to recovery from population level impacts. Foraging and diving ecology determine where beaked whales spend most of their time and therefore, where in the water column they are most likely to encounter anthropogenic activities. The form and function of beaked whale sounds may be important in determining whether and how beaked whales are affected by anthropogenic noise. Finally, habitat characteristics determine whether beaked whales are likely to occur in a specific area where anthropogenic activities are to be undertaken and may also determine exactly how beaked whales are affected by it within a local area. To help fill the gaps in our knowledge of beaked whale behaviour and ecology, available opportunities for data collection must be maximised. This includes greater levels of co-operation between research groups to build up large datasets, the use of platforms of opportunity to study beaked whales in areas where little research has previously been undertaken and maximising the amount of information that can be learned from each possible source of data, such as stranded animals, through co-ordinated national and international research programmes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beaked whales"

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Jones, Benjamin A. "Acoustic scattering of broadband echolocation signals from prey of Blainville's beaked whales : modeling and analysis /." Thesis, Online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1283.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/ Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006.<br>"September 2006." Bibliography: p. 89-96.
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Claridge, Diane E. "Population ecology of Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3741.

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Quantifying population demographics is necessary to analyse the status of wildlife populations and to support effective conservation and management. Such a need exists for beaked whales which are vulnerable to anthropogenic noise, including navy sonar. Here, population demographics were estimated for Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) in The Bahamas and the potential population-level effects of sonar investigated. Mark-recapture models were fitted to photo-identification data collected at the US Navy's Atlantic Test and Evaluation Centre (AUTEC) where sonars were used regularly and 170 km away at Abaco where sonar use was limited, with the exception of a navy exercise correlated with a stranding of beaked whales in 2000. Life history data collected from 1997-2011 revealed that onset of sexual maturity occurred at age nine for both males and females and minimum longevities were 23 years. The annual turnover of individuals at Abaco was supported by the estimation of a larger parent population. However, adult females showed high site fidelity and survival, while adult males' occupancy patterns were different, making survival of males difficult to separate from permanent emigration. Average annual abundance was lower at AUTEC when compared to a same-sized area at Abaco. Despite a similar number of adult females at both sites, a higher female:calf ratio was found at AUTEC, suggesting lower recruitment through births may have contributed to lower abundance. Population demographics in Abaco changed after the 2000 stranding; abundance and temporary emigration increased then returned to pre-2000 levels remaining stable thereafter. Two stranded whales re-floated in 2000 were later re-sighted having survived exposure to sonar and the physiological stresses related to stranding. This work provides evidence of a possible population-level effect of sonar use at a navy range and during a multi-ship exercise, emphasising the valuable role that longitudinal studies play in monitoring impacts of anthropogenic activities.
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MacLeod, Colin D. "Niche partitioning, distribution and competition in North Atlantic beaked whales." Thesis, Aberdeen : University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://www.marineconnection.org/docs/MacLeod_PhD_Thesis.pdf.

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Thompson, Kirsten Freja. "Secrets of the deep : the molecular genetics of cryptic beaked whales." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27760.

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Beaked whales are comparatively unknown social mammals due to their deep-ocean distribution and elusive habits. The deep-ocean is the largest biome on Earth and the final frontier for human expansion. Since their first discovery, beaked whales have remained largely hidden from science. In this era of rapid technological advancement, genetic and genomic methods are key tools for population biologists and are particularly useful in describing rarely seen species. Using DNA-barcoding and nuclear markers, the publications in this thesis provide data on the distribution and external appearance of two species of beaked whale: the spade-toothed (Mesoplodon traversii) and Derinayagala’s whale (Mesoplodon hotaula). These whales were previously known from only a handful of tissue and bone specimens. Long-term efforts have facilitated the collection of samples of Gray’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon grayi) and we have used shot-gun sequencing to characterise the mitochondrial genome and isolate species-specific nuclear microsatellite loci. Using genetic species and sex identification, together with museum specimens and multivariate analyses, we provide clear evidence of sexual dimorphism in cranial dimensions and geographic variation in external morphology. No genetic differentiation was evident in Gray’s beaked whales across a large study area (~ 6,000 km). With a large female effective population size (Ne) and genetic homogeneity, we hypothesise that gene flow is facilitated by large-scale oceanographic features, such as the sub-tropical convergence. Genetic kinship analyses within Gray’s beaked whale groups suggest that the whales that strand together are not related. Both sexes disperse from their parents and these groups are not formed through the retention of kin. These results are consistent with a ‘fission-fusion’ social system that has been observed in some oceanic dolphin species. Taken together, these data provide the first insights into the population dynamics, dispersal and social organisation in Gray’s beaked whales. These publications highlight the value of using genetics alongside other techniques to describe inter- and intraspecific diversity. For beaked whales, the dead can tell us much about the living.
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LeBien, John. "Automated Species Classification Methods for Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Beaked Whales." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2417.

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The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center has collected passive acoustic monitoring data in the northern Gulf of Mexico since 2001. Recordings were made in 2007 near the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that provide a baseline for an extensive study of regional marine mammal populations in response to the disaster. Animal density estimates can be derived from detections of echolocation signals in the acoustic data. Beaked whales are of particular interest as they remain one of the least understood groups of marine mammals, and relatively few abundance estimates exist. Efficient methods for classifying detected echolocation transients are essential for mining long-term passive acoustic data. In this study, three data clustering routines using k-means, self-organizing maps, and spectral clustering were tested with various features of detected echolocation transients. Several methods effectively isolated the echolocation signals of regional beaked whales at the species level. Feedforward neural network classifiers were also evaluated, and performed with high accuracy under various noise conditions. The waveform fractal dimension was tested as a feature for marine biosonar classification and improved the accuracy of the classifiers. [This research was made possible by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. Data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org.] [DOIs: 10.7266/N7W094CG, 10.7266/N7QF8R9K]
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Gkikopoulou, Kalliopi Charitomeni. "Getting below the surface : density estimation methods for deep diving animals using slow autonomous underwater vehicles." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15645.

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Underwater gliders can provide an alternative cost-effective platform for passive acoustic monitoring surveys, compared to boat surveys, for abundance estimation and to collect high resolution environmental data for habitat studies. Gliders are usually equipped with one acoustic sensor, which limits the methods available for abundance estimation from acoustic data. Estimation of parameters used in distance sampling methodology, such as the detection function and cue rates, must be estimated separately from the glider deployment. A methodology for deriving the acoustic detection function of vocal animals is demonstrated in chapter 2 with a combined biologging and passive acoustic experiment. The methodology consists of distance estimation of the clicks produced by the tagged animal and detected at acoustic receivers placed at different depths, using surface bounce detections to estimate range. In addition, different detection algorithms were tested for the detectability of Blainville's beaked whales. Detectability was found to vary with depth for Blainville's beaked whales in the area of El Hierro (Canary Islands). The depth dependent detectability for this species was tested further in chapter 3 with a wider dataset from two different geographic populations of Blainville's beaked whales, those of El Hierro and the Bahamas. Differences in detectability were found using depth and animal movement data as recorded on the DTAG in a simulated network of receivers placed at different depths. In addition, sequences of clicks, called click scans, were tested as an additional “cue” for cue counting methodology. The high directionality of beaked whale regular clicks leads to reduced detection ranges for receivers close to the surface or for receivers placed much deeper than the foraging depths of the wales and this reduction translates into varying lengths and numbers of detected click clusters as a function of distance and receiver depth. Chapter 4 presents a method for estimating density of animals from underwater gliders and tests the method in a simulated glider survey using different distribution and density scenarios using clicks and click scans as cue for density estimation.
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Dalebout, Merel Louise. "Species identity, genetic diversity, and molecular systematic relationships among the Ziphiidae (beaked whales)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3083930.

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Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are one of the least known of all mammalian groups. The majority of species have been described from only a handful of specimens. Found in deep ocean waters, these species are widespread and often sexually dimorphic. Little is known of intra-specific variation in morphology, and many species are very similar in external appearance. A reference database of mitochondrial DNA sequences was compiled for all 20 recognised ziphiid species to aid in species identification. All reference sequences were derived from validated specimens, which were often represented only by bone or teeth. DNA was obtained from this ‘historic’ material using ‘ancient’ DNA methods. For three species, holotypes were sampled. Phylogenetic analyses using this database led to the discovery of a new, previously unrecognised species of beaked whale (Mesoplodon perrini), new specimens of Longman's beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus), a species known previously from only two partial skulls and the synonymy of a third (M. traversii = M. bahamondi). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on sequence data from three mitochondrial and two nuclear loci (total, 2815 bp) using neighbour joining, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods, resolved many of the sister-species relationships in this group. Inferred relationships among Mesoplodon beaked whales indicated that cranial and tooth morphology may be far more variable between closely related species than previously assumed. No support was found for a linear-progression of tooth form as suggested by Moore (1968) in his phenetic evaluation of relationships among the Ziphiidae. The geographic distribution of Mesoplodon species with similar or divergent tooth morphology is likely due to a combination of sexual selection and selection for species recognition. Both hypotheses predict similar patterns, such as dissimilar tooth morphology among species with sympatric or parapatric distributions. However, only sexual selection appears to offer an explanation for why there are so many Mesoplodon beaked whales. Investigation of mtDNA diversity among a number of beaked whale species indicated that nucleotide diversity was generally lower in this group than in other wide-ranging oceanic cetaceans. The cause of this low diversity was not clear but may be indicative of overall low abundance. Particularly low levels of diversity were found in Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii , Arnoux's beaked whale B. arnuxii and the northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus. Strong geographic structure in haplotype frequencies was observed among a worldwide sample of Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris.<br>Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Jones, Benjamin A. (Benjamin Aaron). "Acoustic scattering of broadband echolocation signals from prey of Blainville's beaked whales : modeling and analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39228.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2006.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-96).<br>Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) use broadband, ultrasonic echolocation signals (27 to 57 kHz) to search for, localize, and approach prey that generally consist of mid-water and deep-water fishes and squid. Although it is well known that the spectral characteristics of broadband echoes from marine organisms are a strong function of size, shape, orientation and anatomical group, little is known as to whether or not these or other toothed whales use spectral cues in discriminating between prey and non-prey. In order to study the prey-classification process, a stereo acoustic tag was mounted on a Blainville's beaked whale so that emitted clicks and corresponding echoes from prey could be recorded. A comparison of echoes from prey selected by the whale and those from randomly chosen scatterers suggests that the whale may have, indeed, discriminated between echoes using spectral features and target strengths. Specifically, the whale appears to have favored prey with one or more deep nulls in the echo spectra as well as ones with higher target strength. A three-dimensional, acoustic scattering model is also developed to simulate broadband scattering from squid, a likely prey of the beaked whale.<br>(cont.) This model applies the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) to a weakly-scattering, inhomogeneous body using a combined ray trace and volume integration approach. Scatterer features are represented with volume elements that are small (less than 1=12th of the wavelength) for the frequency range of interest (0 to 120 kHz). Ranges of validity with respect to material properties and numerical considerations are explored using benchmark computations with simpler geometries such as fluid-filled spherical and cylindrical fluid shells. Modeling predictions are compared with published data from live, freely swimming squid. These results, as well as previously published studies, are used in the analysis of the echo spectra of the whale's ensonified targets.<br>by Benjamin A. Jones.<br>S.M.
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Lambert, Olivier. "Long-snouted dolphins and beaked whales from the Neogene of the Antwerp area: systematics, phylogeny, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography =." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211020.

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This work is mainly based on the collection of Neogene (Miocene-Pliocene) odontocetes (toothed whales) from the area of Antwerp (northern Belgium, southern margin of the North Sea Basin) preserved at the Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB). <p> The systematic revision of members of the long-snouted dolphin family Eurhinodelphinidae leads to the description/re-description of five species in the genera Eurhinodelphis (E. cocheteuxi and E. longirostris), Schizodelphis (S. morckhoviensis), and Xiphiacetus n. gen. (X. cristatus and X. bossi). Furthermore, the systematic status of several eurhinodelphinid species from other localities in the world is revised. A cladistic analysis with the parsimony criterion is undertaken to highlight the phylogenetic relationships of several eurhinodelphinid taxa with other fossil and extant odontocetes. Eurhinodelphinids are more closely related to the beaked whales; the latter are distinctly separated from the sperm whales. A second analysis, with a likelihood criterion, reaches nearly identical results. Then a separate parsimony analysis investigates the relationships within the family Eurhinodelphinidae; the results suggest sister-group relationships between Schizodelphis + Xiphiacetus and Ziphiodelphis + (Mycteriacetus + Argyrocetus) and a more stemward position for Eurhinodelphis. After that, anatomical, palaeogeographic, and phylogenetic data allow several suggestions about the ecological features of the eurhinodelphinids. The extinction of this family, before the end of the Miocene, is commented, related to the changes in the biodiversity of other odontocete groups and to a contemporary major sea level drop. <p>\<br>Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Duarte, João Muchagata Madeira. "Function, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variation of the bizarre rostral structures of the extinct beaked whale, Globicetus hiberus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31060.

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Ziphiids (commonly known as beaked whales) are deep-diving, echolocation-user odontocetes. The recently named Pliocene Globicetus hiberus bears a peculiar large bony sphere in the rostrum, the mesorostral process of the premaxillae or MPP. The origin and function of MPP is mysterious, but hypotheses are addressed: 1. malformation, deformity or disease; 2. ballast; 3. intraspecific fighting; 4. reflection and directional aim of the sound beam; 5. increasing the velocity of sound waves; 6. sound barrier; and 7. secondary sexual organ. Some hypotheses are rejected (1, 2, 6), others may play a secondary role (3, 4, 5) and we suggest the secondary sexual organ (7) as the most likely explanation. The MPP varies in size in the six specimens studied. During life, MPP grows allometrically in a subgroup but not in the other, suggesting that one subgroup corresponds to males and the other to females (sexual dimorphism). Beaked whales are able to perceive bones as distinctive echoic images with their sonar; therefore the MPP may work as a secondary sexual organ, the so-called “antlers inside” hypothesis; Função, dimorfismo sexual e variação intraespecífica das estruturas rostrais bizarras na baleia-de-bico extinta Globicetus hiberus Resumo: Zifídeos (vulgarmente conhecidos como baleias de bico) são odontocetes ecolocalizadores capazes de efetuar mergulhos de grande profundidade. O recentemente nomeado Globicetus hiberus do Plioceno, exibe uma peculiar e grande esfera óssea no rostro, o processo mesorostral da pré-maxila ou MPP. A origem e função do MPP é misterioso, mas algumas hipóteses são abordadas: 1. malformação, doença ou deformidade; 2. lastro; 3. luta intraespecífica; 4. reflexão e orientação do feixe de som; 5. aumento da velocidade das ondas sonoras; 6. barreira sonora; e 7. órgão sexual secundário. Algumas hipóteses são rejeitadas (1, 2, 6), outros podem desempenhar um papel secundário (3, 4, 5) e sugerimos o órgão sexual secundário (7) como a melhor hipótese. O MPP varia de tamanho nos seis espécimes estudados. Durante a vida, o MPP cresce alométricamente apenas em um subgrupo, sugerindo que um deles corresponde a machos e o outro a fêmeas (dimorfismo sexual). Estas baleias seriam capazes de detetar ossos como imagens ecóicas distintas com o seu sonar, portanto, o MPP poderia funcionar como um órgão sexual secundário, a chamado hipótese das “hastes internas”.
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Books on the topic "Beaked whales"

1

Mead, James G. Beaked whales: A complete guide to their biology and conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.

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Ridgway, Sam H., and Richard John Harrison. River dolphins and the larger toothed whales. Academic Press, 1989.

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Ridgway, Sam H. River dolphins and the larger toothed whales. Academic Press, 1989.

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Ketten, Darlene R. Beaked whale necropsy findings for strandings in the Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and Madeira, 1999-2002. WHOI, 2005.

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Jefferson, Thomas A., James G. Mead, and Carl C. Kinze. Nomenclature of the Larger Toothed Whales (Odontocetes): A Historical Review. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.21954029.

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More than 100 species of large odontocete cetaceans (i.e., families Ziphiidae, Physeteridae, and Kogiidae) have been described since our binomial nomenclatorial system was initiated by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Only a fraction of these are currently recognized as valid species. The taxonomic revisions that are being recommended by recent and ongoing studies within this group require a detailed understanding of their nomenclatural history. We here review all 114 nominal species of extant beaked and sperm whales. Of these, 27 species are currently considered valid, 6 are nomina dubia, 10 are nomina nuda, and the rest (71) are junior synonyms. In addition, we provide several appendices that attempt to settle the controversy over the name of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), provide biographies of the main authors of names, give a glossary of terms, and summarize information on the status of type specimens. Because beaked whales are still so poorly known, there are likely to be future splits and descriptions of new species and/or subspecies. This paper is intended to assist in sorting out nomenclature in such taxonomic cases.
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Irish Whale and Dolphin Group., ed. Face to face with a beached whale: Guidelines for the welfare of live stranded cetaceans. The Irish Whale and Dolphin Group, 1995.

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Beaked Whales. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/book.52552.

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Baird's Beaked Whales (Whales Set II). Checkerboard Books, 2005.

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Petrie, Kristin. Baird's Beaked Whales. ABDO Publishing Company, 2005.

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Richard, Ellis, and James G. Mead. Beaked Whales: A Complete Guide to Their Biology and Conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Beaked whales"

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Alves, Filipe, Sarah L. Mesnick, Massimiliano Rosso, and Robert L. Pitman. "Beaked Whale Sexual Dimorphism, Mating Strategies, and Diversification." In Sex in Cetaceans. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_17.

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AbstractBeaked whales (Ziphiidae), with 24 currently recognized species, are arguably the least known large animals on the planet, despite being widespread and at times abundant. Mesoplodon, with 16 currently recognized species, is by far the most speciose cetacean genus. Recent technological and taxonomic advances, long-term photographic-identification studies, and historical whaling data have allowed new insights into their social and mating strategies and how these may have driven diversification within the family. In most beaked whales, only adult males have exposed teeth—a single “tusk” erupts from each lower jaw and is used in contests to determine access to breeding females. How forcefully males of different species engage conspecifics varies widely based mainly on differences in tooth size/placement and jaw structure. We compiled data on key dimorphic traits including beak modification, tooth size and location, and prevalence of scarring in adults, for all beaked whales. More detailed information is given for the four best-studied species—northern bottlenose whale and Baird’s, Cuvier’s, and Blainville’s beaked whales. We then compared these traits with what is known about their social organization and reproductive anatomy to make inferences about mating strategies. More aggressive species tend to occur in small groups with only one dominant adult male present and have small testes relative to body size, suggesting that male reproductive success is largely determined by precopulatory contest competition and female defense polygyny. Less aggressive species tend to occur (at least at times) in larger, mixed-sex groups with multiple adult males present, and females may mate with multiple males, which favors postcopulatory sperm competition and polygynandry. We further discuss how conflicting pressures arising from males using their beaks for both feeding and fighting could have sparked an adaptive radiation in tooth development and beak morphology among beaked whales, especially within Mesoplodon, which would have had implications for male-male competition, social structure, sexual strategies, and, perhaps ultimately, evolutionary divergence and speciation within this group.
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Loch, Carolina, R. Ewan Fordyce, and Alexander Werth. "Skulls, Teeth, and Sex." In Sex in Cetaceans. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_3.

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AbstractMales and females of a species may differ in external appearance or other features. Sexual dimorphism often relates to mating behavior, via male-male competition for access to females (through direct fighting and/or indirect display), female choice of mates, or sexual conflict. In many mammals, skulls and teeth often display sexual dimorphism. Cetaceans show extraordinary variation in their dentition, and because teeth are often preserved, the evolutionary origins of these morphological novelties can be tracked in the fossil record. Sexual dimorphism has been proposed in several fossil cetaceans (i.e., pakicetids, protocetids, fossil beaked whales) and some odontocetes (notably Odobenocetops), and mainly inferred from differences in tooth size, skull dimensions, and thickening of skull bones. Within modern taxa, unusual differences in the dentition between the sexes have been observed in deep-diving beaked whales and arctic narwhals, the unicorns of the sea. Mandibular tusks in beaked whales are unusual because they erupt only in males, erupt only at sexual maturity, and protrude outside the mouth rather than projecting into the oral cavity. In beaked whales, the tusk-like dentition seems to have a minimal role in feeding, and functions as weapons or displays for intrasexual (e.g., male-male combat) and intersexual (e.g., female mate choice) competition, and possibly for female harassment by males seeking to mate. In narwhals, the long and spiralled left tusk commonly only erupts in males and is presumed to play a prominent role in male-male fighting or displays for female mate choice. Except for narwhals and beaked whales, sexual dimorphism in skull and dental structures is not prominent in cetaceans. However, we still do not know whether functional aspects such as enamel structure and thickness, mechanical properties, and chemical composition of dental tissues may vary between males and females.
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Baird, Robin W. "Behavior and Ecology of Not-So-Social Odontocetes: Cuvier’s and Blainville’s Beaked Whales." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Odontocetes. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16663-2_14.

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Smith, Kerri J., and Markus J. Peterson. "Sowerby’s Beaked Whale Mesoplodon bidens Sowerby 1804." In Handbook of the Mammals of Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65038-8_95-2.

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Henderson, E. Elizabeth. "Beaked Whale Behavioral Responses to Navy Mid-Frequency Active Sonar." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_62-1.

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Henderson, E. Elizabeth. "Beaked Whale Behavioral Responses to Navy Mid-Frequency Active Sonar." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50256-9_62.

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Cranford, Ted W., and Petr Krysl. "Acoustic Function in the Peripheral Auditory System of Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris)." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7311-5_15.

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"Beaked Whales." In Between the Rocks and the Stars. Vanderbilt University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16755bk.21.

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MacLeod, Colin D. "Beaked Whales, Overview." In Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804327-1.00062-5.

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Thewissen, J. G. M. "Berardius Beaked Whales." In Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804327-1.00066-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Beaked whales"

1

Fischer, Mark. "Are Blainville's beaked whales echo-locating without a clock?" In 161st Meeting Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4829058.

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Tyack, Peter L., Mark P. Johnson, Walter M. X. Zimmer, Natacha Aguilar De Soto, and Peter T. Madsen. "Acoustic behavior of beaked whales, with implications for acoustic monitoring." In OCEANS 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2006.307120.

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Gerard, Odile, Craig Carthel, and Stefano Coraluppi. "Estimating the number of beaked whales using an MHT tracker." In 2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems (PASSIVE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/passive.2008.4786999.

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SAUNDERS, KJ, PR WHITE, and TG LEIGHTON. "MODELS FOR PREDICTING NITROGEN TENSIONS AND DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS RISK IN DIVING BEAKED WHALES." In UNDERWATER NOISE MEASUREMENT IMPACT AND MITIGATION 2008. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/17649.

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Jarvis, Susan, Nancy DiMarzio, Ronald Morrissey, and David Morretti. "Automated Classification of Beaked Whales and Other Small Odontocetes in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas." In OCEANS 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2006.307124.

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Cato, Douglas H., Mark Savage, Rebecca A. Dunlop, et al. "Acoustic surveying for beaked whales in the Coral Sea as a mitigation measure for naval exercises." In OCEANS 2010 IEEE - Sydney. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanssyd.2010.5603622.

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Gerard, Odile, Stefano Coraluppi, and Craig Carthel. "Analysis and classification of beaked whale buzz clicks." In 2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems (PASSIVE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/passive.2008.4787005.

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Zimmer, Walter M. X., and Gianni Pavan. "Context driven detection/classification of Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris)." In 2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems (PASSIVE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/passive.2008.4786992.

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Hamilton, L. J., and J. Cleary. "Automatic discrimination of beaked whale clicks in noisy acoustic time series." In OCEANS 2010 IEEE - Sydney. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanssyd.2010.5603873.

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Phipps, Claude, Mike Lander, Hans-Albert Eckel, and Stefan Scharring. "What's New for Laser Orbital Debris Removal." In BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION: Seventh International Symposium. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657040.

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Reports on the topic "Beaked whales"

1

Costidis, Alexander M. Arteriovenous Patterns in Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada571122.

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Soto, Natacha A. de, and Phil Hammond. Population Parameters of Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578413.

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Costidis, Alexander M. Arteriovenous Patterns in Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada617629.

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Canadas, Ana. Beaked Whales and Pilot Whales in the Alboran Sea SW Mediterranean. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598384.

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Foote, Kenneth G., Gonzalo R. Feijoo, Kent Rye, Joy Reidenberg, and Mardi Hastings. Mid-Frequency Sonar Interactions With Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531636.

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Foote, Kenneth G., Gonzalo R. Feijoo, Kent Rye, Joy Reidenberg, and Mardi Hastings. Mid-Frequency Sonar Interactions with Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480288.

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Moretti, David. Passive Portable Detection and Localization of Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531183.

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Mellinger, David K. Automatic Detection of Beaked Whales from Acoustic Seagliders. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531192.

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Mellinger, David K. Automatic Detection of Beaked Whales from Acoustic Seagliders. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573555.

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de Soto, Natacha A., and Phil Hammond. Population Parameters of Blainville's and Cuvier's Beaked Whales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598664.

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