Academic literature on the topic 'Beam Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection'

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Journal articles on the topic "Beam Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection"

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Xiang, Qianyi, Nan Li, Xingfan Chen, Cheng Liu, and Huizhu Hu. "Miniaturized Dual-Beam Optical Trap Based on Fiber Pigtailed Focuser." Photonics 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2023): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10091007.

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Optical traps, utilizing a laser to confine and manipulate microscopic particles, are widely employed in various scientific applications. We propose a miniaturized dual-beam fiber optical trap for acceleration sensing. It comprises two counter-propagating beams’ output from a customized pair of single-mode fiber pigtailed focusers (SMFPF). We investigate the correlation between the misalignment and the coupling efficiency of the SMFPF pair. By maximizing the coupling efficiency, the optimal alignment is achieved. A multimode fiber (MMF) is introduced to collect and transmit side-scattered light of a trapped microsphere for motion detection. By analyzing the experimental output signal, we acquire displacement information of the trapped microspheres under both aligned and misaligned conditions. This paper provides a simple and practical solution for the alignment of dual beams and the integration of the optical traps’ levitation and detection structure, which lay a solid foundation for the further miniaturization of dual-beam optical traps.
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Manthos, I., S. Aune, J. Bortfeldt, F. Brunbauer, C. David, D. Desforge, G. Fanourakis, et al. "Precise timing and recent advancements with segmented anode PICOSEC Micromegas prototypes." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): C10009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/c10009.

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Abstract Timing information in current and future accelerator facilities is important for resolving objects (particle tracks, showers, etc.) in extreme large particles multiplicities on the detection systems. The PICOSEC Micromegas detector has demonstrated the ability to time 150 GeV muons with a sub-25 ps precision. Driven by detailed simulation studies and a phenomenological model which describes stochastically the dynamics of the signal formation, new PICOSEC designs were developed that significantly improve the timing performance of the detector. PICOSEC prototypes with reduced drift gap size (∼119 µm) achieved a resolution of 45 ps in timing single photons in laser beam tests (in comparison to 76 ps of the standard PICOSEC detector). Towards large area detectors, multi-pad PICOSEC prototypes with segmented anodes has been developed and studied. Extensive tests in particle beams revealed that the multi-pad PICOSEC technology provides also very precise timing, even when the induced signal is shared among several neighbouring pads. Furthermore, new signal processing algorithms have been developed, which can be applied during data acquisition and provide real time, precise timing.
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Davì, F., W. Erni, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, N. Walford, H. Liu, Z. Liu, et al. "Technical design report for the endcap disc DIRC *." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 49, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 120501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abb6c1.

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Abstract PANDA (anti-proton annihiliation at Darmstadt) is planned to be one of the four main experiments at the future international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is going to address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using cooled antiproton beams with a high intensity and and momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. PANDA is designed to reach a maximum luminosity of 2 × 1032 cm−2 s. Most of the physics programs require an excellent particle identification (PID). The PID of hadronic states at the forward endcap of the target spectrometer will be done by a fast and compact Cherenkov detector that uses the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) principle. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 5° to 22° and to provide a separation power for the separation of charged pions and kaons up to 3 standard deviations (s.d.) for particle momenta up to 4 GeV/c in order to cover the important particle phase space. This document describes the technical design and the expected performance of the novel PANDA disc DIRC detector that has not been used in any other high energy physics experiment before. The performance has been studied with Monte-Carlo simulations and various beam tests at DESY and CERN. The final design meets all PANDA requirements and guarantees sufficient safety margins.
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Liu, Wen, Jinsong Zhao, Tieyan Wang, Xiangcheng Dong, Justin C. Kasper, Stuart D. Bale, Chen Shi, and Dejin Wu. "The Radial Distribution of Ion-scale Waves in the Inner Heliosphere." Astrophysical Journal 951, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd53b.

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Abstract Determining the mechanism responsible for plasma heating and particle acceleration is a fundamental problem in the study of the heliosphere. Due to efficient wave–particle interactions of ion-scale waves with charged particles, these waves are widely believed to be a major contributor to ion energization, and their contribution considerably depends on the wave occurrence rate. By analyzing the radial distribution of quasi-monochromatic ion-scale waves observed by the Parker Solar Probe, this work shows that the wave occurrence rate is significantly enhanced in the near-Sun solar wind, specifically 21%–29% below 0.3 au, in comparison to 6%–14% beyond 0.3 au. The radial decrease of the wave occurrence rate is not only induced by the sampling effect of a single spacecraft detection, but also by the physics relating to the wave excitation, such as the enhanced ion beam instability in the near-Sun solar wind. This work also shows that the wave normal angle θ, the absolute value of ellipticity ϵ, the wave frequency f normalized by the proton cyclotron frequency f cp, and the wave amplitude δ B normalized by the local background magnetic field B 0 slightly vary with the radial distance. The median values of θ, ∣ϵ∣, f, and δ B are about 9°, 0.73, 3f cp, and 0.01B 0, respectively. Furthermore, this study proposes that the wave mode natures of the observed left-handed and right-handed polarized waves correspond to the Alfvén ion cyclotron mode wave and the fast magnetosonic whistler mode wave, respectively.
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Wolfenden, Joseph, Alexandra S. Alexandrova, Frank Jackson, Storm Mathisen, Geoffrey Morris, Thomas H. Pacey, Narender Kumar, Monika Yadav, Angus Jones, and Carsten P. Welsch. "Cherenkov Radiation in Optical Fibres as a Versatile Machine Protection System in Particle Accelerators." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042248.

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Machine protection systems in high power particle accelerators are crucial. They can detect, prevent, and respond to events which would otherwise cause damage and significant downtime to accelerator infrastructure. Current systems are often resource heavy and operationally expensive, reacting after an event has begun to cause damage; this leads to facilities only covering certain operational modes and setting lower limits on machine performance. Presented here is a new type of machine protection system based upon optical fibres, which would be complementary to existing systems, elevating existing performance. These fibres are laid along an accelerator beam line in lengths of ∼100 m, providing continuous coverage over this distance. When relativistic particles pass through these fibres, they generate Cherenkov radiation in the optical spectrum. This radiation propagates in both directions along the fibre and can be detected at both ends. A calibration based technique allows the location of the Cherenkov radiation source to be pinpointed to within 0.5 m with a resolution of 1 m. This measurement mechanism, from a single device, has multiple applications within an accelerator facility. These include beam loss location monitoring, RF breakdown prediction, and quench prevention. Detailed here are the application processes and results from measurements, which provide proof of concept for this device for both beam loss monitoring and RF breakdown detection. Furthermore, highlighted are the current challenges for future innovation.
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Segui, L., I. Dolenc Kittelmann, T. Papaevangelou, S. Aune, F. Benedetti, F. Gougnaud, C. Lahonde, et al. "Detector design and performance tests of the ESS-neutron Beam Loss Monitor detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): P01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/p01013.

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Abstract A new type of beam loss monitor has been developed based on the detection of fast neutrons produced by beam losses in hadron linear accelerators. This neutron sensitive Beam Loss Monitor (nBLM) has been concieved to fulfil the requirements of the European Spallation Source (ESS) and it will be part of the ESS neutron sensitive BLM system (ESS-nBLM). It has been specifically designed for the low energy part, where only neutrons and gammas produced by the loss can exit the accelerator vessel. Here other types of BLM, based on charged particle detection, suffer from the lack of signal compared to the photon background induced by the radio-frequency cavities. However, it can also be operated in regions of higher energy. The detector is of the Micromegas type and have been designed at IRFU to be able to detect fast neutrons while having a small sensitivity to gammas and thermal neutrons. In this work we focus on the proof of neutron-to-gamma rejection and the first operation of the detector in real beam conditions during the commissioning of LINAC4 (CERN). Controlled beam losses were provoked and have been detected by the nBLM detector installed, demonstrating also the discrimination of the neutron signal from RF x-ray background.
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Ascencio-Sosa, M., Z. Bagdasarian, J. F. Beacom, M. Bergevin, M. Breisch, G. Caceres Vera, S. Dazeley, et al. "Deployment of Water-based Liquid Scintillator in the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 05 (May 1, 2024): P05070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05070.

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Abstract The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton water Cherenkov neutrino detector installed on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. Its main physics goals are to perform a measurement of the neutron yield from neutrino-nucleus interactions, as well as a measurement of the charged-current cross section of muon neutrinos. An equally important focus is the research and development of new detector technologies and target media. Specifically, water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is of interest as a novel detector medium, as it allows for the simultaneous detection of Cherenkov light and scintillation. This paper presents the deployment of a 366 L WbLS vessel in ANNIE in March 2023 and the subsequent detection of both Cherenkov light and scintillation from the WbLS. This proof-of-concept allows for the future development of reconstruction and particle identification algorithms in ANNIE, as well as dedicated analyses within the WbLS volume, such as the search for neutral-current events and the hadronic scintillation component.
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Zhu, Xunmin, Nan Li, Jianyu Yang, Xingfan Chen, and Huizhu Hu. "Displacement Detection Decoupling in Counter-Propagating Dual-Beams Optical Tweezers with Large-Sized Particle." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174916.

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As a kind of ultra-sensitive acceleration sensing platform, optical tweezers show a minimum measurable value inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the levitated spherical particle. However, with increasing diameter, the coupling of the displacement measurement between the axes becomes noticeable. This paper analyzes the source of coupling in a forward-scattering far-field detection regime and proposes a novel method of suppression. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that when three variable irises are added into the detection optics without changing other parts of optical structures, the decoupling of triaxial displacement signals mixed with each other show significant improvement. A coupling detection ratio reduction of 49.1 dB and 22.9 dB was realized in radial and axial directions, respectively, which is principally in accord with the simulations. This low-cost and robust approach makes it possible to accurately measure three-dimensional mechanical quantities simultaneously and may be helpful to actively cool the particle motion in optical tweezers even to the quantum ground state in the future.
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Botermann, B., C. Novotny, D. Bing, C. Geppert, G. Gwinner, T. W. Hänsch, G. Huber, et al. "Preparatory measurements for a test of time dilation in the ESRThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (January 2011): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-117.

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We present preparatory measurements for an improved test of time dilation at the experimental storage ring (ESR) at GSI in Darmstadt. A unique combination of particle accelerator experiments and laser spectroscopy is used to perform this test with the highest precision. 7Li+ ions are accelerated to 34% of the speed of light at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung and stored in the experimental storage ring. The forward and backward Doppler shifts of an electric dipole transition of these ions are measured with laser spectroscopy techniques. From these Doppler shifts, both the ion velocity β = ν/c and the time dilation factor [Formula: see text] can be derived for testing Special Relativity. Two laser systems have been developed to drive the 3S1→3P2 transition in 7Li+. Moreover, a detector system composed of photomultipliers, both to monitor the exact laser ion beam overlap as well as to optimize fluorescence detection, has been set up and tested. We investigate optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy on a closed Λ-type three-level system to overcome Doppler broadening. A residual, broadened fluorescence background caused by velocity-changing processes in the ion beam is identified, and a background subtraction scheme implemented. At the present stage the experimental sensitivity, although already comparable with previous measurements on slower ion beams at the TSR storage ring that led to [Formula: see text] < 8.4 × 10–8, suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Modifications of the ion source as well as the detection system are discussed that promise to improve the sensitivity by one order of magnitude.
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Prasad, Rajendra. "Precision laser diagnostics for LUXE." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2249, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2249/1/012017.

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Abstract Strong field QED is an active research frontier. The investigation of fundamental phenomena such as pair creation, photon-photon and photon-electron interactions in the nonlinear QED regime are a formidable challenge both experimentally and theoretically. Several experiments around the world are being planned or in preparation to probe this strong field regime. LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment) is an experimental platform which envisages the collision of the high quality 16.5 GeV electron beam from the European XFEL accelerator with a 100 TW class high power laser. One of the unique features of LUXE is to measure the key observables such as pair rates (e + e −) with unprecedented accuracy in the characterization of both beams together with ample statistics. The state-of-art detector technologies for high energy particle/photon detection enable percent level precision. The state-of-art high power lasers offer high quality laser beams, however, the residual shot-to-shot fluctuations coupled with the large nonlinearity of the processes under investigation form a particular challenge. An uncertainty of 5% on the absolute laser intensity already leads to a very large ( about 40%) uncertainty in the pair rate. Hence it becomes essential to control the laser parameters precisely. To mitigate this issue a full suite of laser diagnostics is being currently developed at the JETI 40 laser in Jena with the aim of tagging the shot intensity to < 1%. In this presentation, details of the laser and the diagnostics suit for the single shot tagging of all the laser parameters will be presented. Moreover, results from an ongoing campaign to properly relay image the beam without significant distortion of the laser beam parameters for post-diagnosis will be discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beam Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection"

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Rasouli, Karwan. "Laser Beam Pathway Design and Evaluation for Dielectric Laser Acceleration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385987.

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After nearly 100 years of particle acceleration, particle accelerator experiments continue providing results within the field of high energy physics. Particle acceleration is used worldwide in practical applications such as radiation therapy and materials science research. Unfortunately, these accelerators are large and expensive. Dielectric Laser Acceleration (DLA) is a promising technique for accelerating particles with high acceleration gradients, without requiring large-scale accelerators. DLA utilizes the electric field of a high energy laser to accelerate electrons in the proximity of a nanostructured dielectric surface.The aim of this project was limited to laser beam routing and imaging techniques for a DLA experiment. The goal was to design the laser beam pathway between the laser and the dielectric sample, and testing a proposed imaging system for aiming the laser. This goal was achieved in a test setup using a low-energy laser. In the main setup including a femtosecond laser, the result indicated lack of focus. For a full experimental setup, a correction of this focus is essential and the beam path would need to be combined with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as an electron source.
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Silva, Tiago Fiorini da. "\"Início de operação e caracterização do sistema injetor do Mícrotron do IFUSP\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-29032007-143448/.

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Neste trabalho apresentamos o início de operação do sistema injetor do Mícrotron do IFUSP. São apresentados estudos inéditos do tratamento de desalinhamentos tanto de uma única lente quanto de um conjunto delas. As lentes magnéticas deste estágio foram alinhadas com precisão melhor que 0,18 mm. Estabelecemos um sistema de aquisição de imagens do feixe e com ele fizemos medidas da emitância, cujo valor foi determinado em (2,32 ± 0,05) pi.mm.mrad, independentemente da tensão de aceleração no canhão de elétrons, devido à limitação imposta pelo colimador da entrada do chopper.
In this work we present the commissioning of the IFUSP Microtron injector system. We developed a new method to treat misalignments on a single lens as well as in a group of them. We installed an image acquisition system to acquire beam images from the fluorescent screen monitor. Emittance was measured and found to be (2,32 ± 0,05) pi.mm.mrad, independently of the beam energy, showing the limitation imposed by the collimator placed at the entrance of the chopper cavity.
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Rabhi, Nesrine. "Charged particle diagnostics for PETAL, calibration of the detectors and development of the demonstrator." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0339/document.

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Afin de protéger leurs systèmes de détection de l'impulsion électromagnétique géante générée par l'interaction du laser PETAL avec sa cible, les diagnostics de PETAL seront équipés de détecteurs passifs. Pour les ensembles SEPAGE et SESAME, une combinaison d'Imaging Plates (IP) et de couches de protection de matériaux de grand numéro atomique sera utilisée, qui permettra: 1) d'assurer que la réponse des détecteurs sera indépendante de son environnement mécanique proche dans les diagnostics et donc homogène sur toute la détection, 2) de blinder les détecteurs contre les photons de haute énergie produits dans la cible de PETAL. Dans le travail présenté ici, nous avons réalisé des expériences d'étalonnage avec les IPs auprès d'installations générant des électrons, des protons ou des ions, dans le but de couvrir le domaine en énergie cinétique de la détection des particules chargées de PETAL, de 0.1 à 200 MeV. L'introduction a pour but de décrire les méthodes et outils utilisés au cours de cette étude. Le second chapitre présente les résultats de deux expériences réalisées avec des électrons dans le domaine d'énergie cinétique [5-180] MeV. Le troisième chapitre décrit une expérience et ses résultats avec les protons entre 80 et 200 MeV étaient envoyés sur nos détecteurs. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à une expérience utilisant des protons et des ions entre1 et 22 MeV en énergie de protons et dont l'objectif était l'étude de détecteurs et le test du démonstrateur de SEPAGE. Nous avons utilisé GEANT4 pour l'analyse de nos données et prédire la réponse de nos détecteurs dans le domaine 0.1 à 1000 MeV
In order to protect their detection against the giant electromagnetic pulse generated by the interaction of the PETAL laser with its target, PETAL diagnostics will be equipped with passive detectors. For SESAME and SEPAGE systems, a combination of imaging plate (IP) detectors with high-Z material protection layers will be used to provide additional features such as: 1) Ensuring a response of the detector to be independent of its environment and hence homogeneous over the surface of the diagnostics; 2) Shielding the detectors against high-energy photons from the PETAL target. In this work, calibration experiments of such detectors based on IPs were performed at electron and proton facilities with the goal of covering the energy range of the particle detection at PETAL from 0.1 to 200 MeV. The introduction aims at providing the reader the methods and tools used for this study. The second chapter presents the results of two experiments performed with electrons in the range from 5 to 180 MeV. The third chapter describes an experiment and its results, where protons in the energy range between 80 and 200 MeV were sent onto detectors. The fourth chapter is dedicated to an experiment with protons and ions in the energy range from 1 to 22 MeV proton energy, which aimed at studying our detector responses and testing the demonstrator of the SEPAGE diagnostic. We used the GEANT4 toolkit to analyse our data and compute the detection responses on the whole energy range from 0.1 to 1000 MeV
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Kroll, Florian. "The study and development of pulsed high-field magnets for application in laser-plasma physics." 2019. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32284.

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The thesis at hand addresses design, characterization and experimental testing of pulsed high-field magnets for utilization in the field of laser-plasma physics. The central task was to establish a technology platform that allows to manipulate laser-driven ion sources in a way that the accelerated ions can be used in complex application studies, e.g. radiobiological cell or tumor irradiation. Laser-driven ion acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) offers the unique opportunity to accelerate particles to kinetic energies of few 10MeV on the micrometer scale. The generated bunches are short, intense, show broad exponentially decaying energy spectra and high divergence. In order to efficiently use the generated particles, it is crucial to gain control over their divergence directly after their production. For most applications it additionally is favorable to reduce the energy spread of the beam. This work shows that the developed pulsed high-field magnets, so-called solenoids (cylindrical magnets), can efficiently capture, transport and focus laser-accelerated protons. The chromaticity of the magnetic lens thereby provides for energy selection. Three prototype solenoids, adapted to fit different application scenarios, and associated current pulse drivers have been developed. The magnets generate fields of several 10 T. Pulse durations are of the order of one millisecond and thus the fields can be considered as quasi-static for laser-plasma interaction processes taking place on the ps- to ns-scale. Their high field strength in combination with abandoning magnetic cores make the solenoids compact and light-weight. The presented experiments focus on a solenoid magnet designed for the capture of divergent laser-driven ion beams. They have been carried out at the 6MV tandetron accelerator and the laser acceleration source Draco of Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf as well as at the PHELIX laser of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt.
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Books on the topic "Beam Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection"

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Wiedemann, Helmut. Particle accelerator physics. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Particle accelerator physics: Basic principles and linear beam dynamics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Geometrical charged-particle optics. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Werner, Riegler, Rolandi L. (Luigi) 1953-, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Particle detection with drift chambers. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Study of the Inclusive Beauty Production at CMS and Construction and Commissioning of the CMS Pixel Barrel Detector. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Möhl, Dieter. Stochastic Cooling of Particle Beams. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Giorgio, Giacomelli, Spurio Maurizio, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Particles and Fundamental Interactions: Supplements, Problems and Solutions: A Deeper Insight into Particle Physics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Accelerator physics at the Tevatron Collider. New York: Springer, 2014.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Geometrical Charged-Particle Optics. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Sigmund, Peter. Particle penetration and radiation effects: General aspects and stopping of swift point charges. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Beam Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection"

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Collimation." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 141–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_6.

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AbstractParticles at large betatron amplitudes or with a large momentum error constitute what is generally referred to as a beam halo. Such particles are undesirable since they produce a background in the particle-physics detector. The background arises either when the halo particles are lost at aperture restrictions in the vicinity of the detector, producing electro-magentic shower or muons, or when they emit synchrotron radiation that is not shielded and may hit sensitive detector components. In superconducting hadron storage rings, a further concern is localized particle loss near one of the superconducting magnets, which may result in the quench of the magnet, i.e., in its transition to the normalconducting state.
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Hofmann, Ingo. "Beam Mismatch and Halo." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 71–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62157-9_6.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Beam Manipulations in Photoinjectors." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 133–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_5.

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AbstractThe design of an electron source is a challenging task. The designer must reconcile the contradictory requirements for a small emittances, a high charge, a high repetition rate, and, possibly, a high degree of beam polarization.
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Transverse Beam Emittance Measurement and Control." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 99–131. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_4.

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AbstractThe beam emittance ∈xyz represents the volume of the beam occupied in the six dimensional phase space (x, x′, y, y′, φ, δ), where x and y are the transverse positions, x′ and y′ are the transverse angles, φ is the time-like variable representing the relative phase of the beam, and δ is the relative beam momentum error. Using the notation of the beam matrix Σbeam introduced in Chap. 1, the 6-dimensional emittance is $${\varepsilon _{xyz}} = \det \Sigma _{beam}^{xyz}.$$ Considering now only the horizontal plane, the corresponding 2-dimensional horizontal emittance is obtained from $${\varepsilon _x} = \sqrt {\left\langle {{x^2}} \right\rangle \left\langle {{{x'}^2}} \right\rangle- {{\left\langle {xx'} \right\rangle }^2}} ,$$ where the first moments have been subtracted, and the average (〈…〉) is taken over the distribution function of the beam; recall also (1.27–1.29). An analoguous expression holds for the vertical plane. For a coupled system, the general form of (4.1) must be taken.
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Injection and Extraction." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 211–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_9.

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AbstractIn transferring the beam from one accelerator to another, preservation of the beam properties is essential. Injection should be accomplished with minimum beam loss and often minimal emittance dilution. Single-turn injection, in which a single bunch of particles is injected into a single empty rf bucket, is usually straightforward. In many cases, however, to attain higher bunch currents, one may also wish to accumulate beam in a storage ring by reinjecting different beam pulses into the same rf bucket. This is called multi-turn injection. In addition to conventional schemes, there are several new or more exotic injection techniques, devised to control and improve the properties of the stored beam.
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Transverse Optics Measurement and Correction." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 17–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_2.

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AbstractIn order to preserve the beam quality, accurate knowledge of the transverse optics and its correction is most often mandatory. For example, if the distribution of a beam injected into a storage ring is not matched to the ring optics, the emittance will grow due to filamentation. Or, if there is a significant optics error, e.g., induced by a strength error in a quadrupole magnet, the beam envelope may vary strongly. The resulting reduction in dynamic aperture may then lead to enhanced beam loss.
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Schächter, Levi. "Models of Beam–Wave Interaction in Slow-Wave Structures." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 169–229. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19848-9_4.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Cooling." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 263–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_11.

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AbstractMany applications of particle accelerators require beam cooling, which refers to a reduction of the beam phase space volume or an increase in the beam density via dissipative forces. In electron and positron storage rings cooling naturally occurs due to synchrotron radiation, and special synchrotron-radiation damping rings for the production of low-emittance beams are an integral part of electron-positron linear colliders. For other types of particles different cooling techniques are available. Electron cooling and stochastic cooling of hadron beams are used to accumulate beams of rare particles (such as antiprotons), to combat emittance growth (e.g., due to scattering on an internal target), or to produce beams of high quality for certain experiments. Laser cooling is employed to cool ion beams down to extremely small temperatures. Here the laser is used to induce transitions between the ion electronic states and the cooling exploits the Dopper frequency shift. Electron beams of unprecedentedly small emittance may be obtained by a different type of laser cooling, where the laser beam acts like a wiggler magnet. Finally, designs of a future muon collider rely on the principle of ionization cooling. Reference [1] gives a brief review of the principal ideas and the history of beam cooling in storage rings; a theoretical dicussion and a few practical examples can be found in [2].
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Orbit Measurement and Correction." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 69–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_3.

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AbstractIn practice, there are many uncertainties whose presence must be appreciated when correcting the beam orbit in both linear and circular accelerators. Such uncertainties include the variations in the electronic and/or mechanical centers of the beam position monitors (BPMs), in the magnetic center of the quadrupoles (inside which the position monitors are often mounted), or in the electromagnetic center of accelerating structures. Consider the case illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Polarization Issues." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 239–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_10.

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AbstractThe study of spin dynamics in synchrotrons has evolved over the years as has the desire for achieving polarized particle beams of the highest possible beam energies. A selection of reviews of the dynamics of polarized beams may be found in [1]–[9]. In this chapter, we focus on experimental data and describe spin transport in circular accelerators and transport lines. Except where explicitly mentioned, radiative effects in electron accelerators or very high energy proton accelerators are not treated here. We begin with a review of the Thomas-BMT equation for spin motion. This will be given in terms of the SU(2) spinor representation. Spinor algebra will be introduced and applied in the description of techniques used for preserving the beam polarization during acceleration through depolarizing resonances at moderate beam energies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Beam Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection"

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Shiltsev, V. D. "Ultimate Colliders for Particle Physics: Limits and Possibilities." In Workshop on Beam Acceleration in Crystals and Nanostructures. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811217135_0002.

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Balascuta, Septimiu. "Numerical calculations of the electron beam emittance for laser acceleration experiments." In EXOTIC NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR/PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS (VI). PHYSICS WITH SMALL ACCELERATORS: Proceedings of Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2016 (CSSP16). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4984874.

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Tatomirescu, Dragos, Emmanuel d’Humieres, and Daniel Vizman. "Improving the particle beam characteristics resulting from laser ion acceleration at ultra high intensity through target manipulation – Numerical modeling." In TIM17 PHYSICS CONFERENCE. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5017435.

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Sledneva, A. S., and V. V. Kobets. "Signature energetic analysis of accelerate electron beam after first acceleration station by accelerating stand of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research." In EXOTIC NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR/PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS (VI). PHYSICS WITH SMALL ACCELERATORS: Proceedings of Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2016 (CSSP16). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4984882.

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Li, W. Y., C. J. Li, H. T. Wang, and C. X. Li. "Measurement and Numerical Simulation of Particle Velocity in Cold Spraying." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0253.

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Abstract The velocity of cold spray particles was measured by a diagnostic system for thermal spray particles based on thermal radiation. A laser beam was employed to illuminate the cold sprayed particles in cold spraying for obtaining a sufficient radiant energy intensity for detection. The measurement was carried out for Cu particles of different mean particle sizes. The particle velocity was also estimated using the previously developed two-dimensional axisymmetric model. It was found that the measured results agreed well with the calculated ones. The proposed measurement method in this paper is reliable. On the other hand, it is confirmed that the particle acceleration behavior in cold spraying can be accurately predicted through the simulation method developed previously. The optimization of cold spray process can be conducted following the simulation method.
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Sako, Hiroyuki. "Current Status and Performance of the J-PARC Accelerators." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75557.

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J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) is a multi-purpose research facility for materials and life sciences, nuclear and particle physics, and nuclear engineering with extremely high power proton beams of 1 MW. The accelerator complex consists of a 400-MeV linac, a 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), and a 50-GeV Main Ring synchrotron (MR). Its goals are to provide MW-class beams at 3 GeV and at several 10 GeV, while it is a challenge to localize and suppress beam loss to the level to allow hands-on maintenance of accelerator components. The RCS scheme is adopted to realize them, which is advantageous over conventional Accumulation Ring (AR) regarding less beam loss problems due to lower beam current and easier construction and operation of a linac. RCS, however, required various challenging technologies such as ceramic ducts to reduce eddy current effects, high field Radio Frequency (RF) system, and paint injection technique (an injection scheme to reduce phase space density of the beam) to reduce space charge effects. The linac has also unique technologies to minimize beam loss, such as compact electromagnet Drift Tube Quadrupoles (DTQ’s) to control beam envelopes precisely, and a fast beam suspending system in Machine Protection System (MPS) with Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac (RFQ). The beam commissioning of the linac started in Nov. 2006, and its design energy of 181 MeV in the first construction phase was achieved in Jan. 2007. RCS beam commissioning started in Sep. 2007 and the beam was accelerated to the designed energy of 3 GeV in Oct. 2007. MR beam commissioning started in May 2008, and the beam acceleration to 30 GeV was established in Dec. 2008. The first neutron and muon beams were produced in May and Sep. 2008, respectively, at Materials and Life science experimental Facility (MLF). The linac commissioning has resulted in very stable beam with short down time. RCS commissioning quickly achieved beam acceleration and extraction, and paint injections are being studied intensively. RCS recorded the highest beam power of 0.21 MW in Sep. 2008 with beam loss well localized at the collimators. The linac beam energy will be upgraded to 400 MeV with Annular Coupled Structure linac (ACS) in order to increase the beam power to 1 MW. In the second construction phase, upgrade of the linac with 600-MeV Super-Conducting Linac (SCL) for Accelerator-Driven nuclear waste transmutation System (ADS) and upgrade of MR energy from 30 to 50 GeV are planned.
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