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Journal articles on the topic 'Beam Squint'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Moon, Minjung, Wookyung Lee, Seung-hoon Han, Jae-Hyoung Cho, and Hyoi Moon. "Squint Beam Segmentation for High-Resolution SAR Imaging." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 31, no. 4 (2020): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2020.31.4.366.

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2

Almajali, E., D. A. McNamara, J. Shaker, and M. R. Chaharmir. "On Beam Squint in Offset-Fed Reflectarrays." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11 (2012): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2012.2212171.

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3

Almajali, E'qab, Derek A. McNamara, Jafar Shaker, and M. Reza Chaharmir. "Beam Squint Suppression in Offset-Fed Reflectarrays." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (December 2013): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2260124.

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4

Kenington, P. B., D. J. Edwards, and J. P. McGeehan. "Receivers for an electronic ‘beam-squint’ tracking system." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 136, no. 4 (1989): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1989.0043.

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5

Du, Cheng-zhu, Shun-shi Zhong, and Zhu Sun. "Compact wideband microstrip array antenna with beam squint." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 15, no. 2 (2011): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-011-0713-2.

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6

Uson, Juan M., and W. D. Cotton. "Beam squint and Stokes V with off-axis feeds." Astronomy & Astrophysics 486, no. 2 (2008): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200809509.

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7

Vidal, B., T. Mengual, and J. Martí. "Fast Optical Beamforming Architectures for Satellite-Based Applications." Advances in Optical Technologies 2012 (October 15, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/385409.

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Photonic technology offers an alternative implementation for the control of phased array antennas providing large time bandwidth products and low weight, flexible feeding networks. Measurements of an optical beamforming network for phased array antennas with fast beam steering operation for space scenarios are presented. Experimental results demonstrate fast beam steering between 4 and 8 GHz without beam squint.

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8

Liu, Ximei, and Deli Qiao. "Space-Time Block Coding-Based Beamforming for Beam Squint Compensation." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 8, no. 1 (2019): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2868636.

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9

Di, Boya. "Reconfigurable Holographic Metasurface Aided Wideband OFDM Communications Against Beam Squint." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 5 (2021): 5099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3070361.

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10

Fiebig, D., R. Wohlleben, A. Prata, and W. V. T. Rusch. "Beam squint in axially symmetric reflector antennas with laterally displaced feeds." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 39, no. 6 (1991): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.86875.

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11

Li, Guobing, Huailong Zhao, and Hui Hui. "Beam squint compensation for hybrid precoding in millimetre‐wave communication systems." Electronics Letters 54, no. 14 (2018): 905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2018.1347.

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12

Bie, Bowen, Guang-Cai Sun, Xiang-Gen Xia, Mengdao Xing, Liang Guo, and Zheng Bao. "High-Speed Maneuvering Platforms Squint Beam-Steering SAR Imaging Without Subaperture." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 57, no. 9 (2019): 6974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2909729.

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13

Duan, D. W., and Y. Rahmat-Samii. "Generalised formulas for beam squint prediction in conic-section reflector antennas." Electronics Letters 26, no. 11 (1990): 722–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900471.

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14

Luh, H., and A. Tsao. "Null shift and beam squint in circularly polarized offset-reflector antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, no. 1 (1986): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1986.1143724.

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15

Duan, D. W., and Y. Rahmat-Samii. "Beam squint determination in conic-section reflector antennas with circularly polarized feeds." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 39, no. 5 (1991): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.81488.

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16

Wang, Bolei, Mengnan Jian, Feifei Gao, Geoffrey Ye Li, and Hai Lin. "Beam Squint and Channel Estimation for Wideband mmWave Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 67, no. 23 (2019): 5893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2949502.

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17

Terada, Marco A. B., and Warren L. Stutzman. "Cross Polarization and Beam Squint in Single and Dual Offset Reflector Antennas." Electromagnetics 16, no. 6 (1996): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726349608908505.

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18

Gonzalez-Coma, Jose P., Wolfgang Utschick, and Luis Castedo. "Hybrid LISA for Wideband Multiuser Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems Under Beam Squint." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 2 (2019): 1277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2890667.

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19

Yu, Hongkang, Pengxin Guan, Yiru Wang, and Yuping Zhao. "Spatial Spectrum-Based Channel Estimation for Wideband mmWave System With Beam Squint." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 16164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053239.

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20

Yu, Hongkang, Pengxin Guan, Yiru Wang, and Yuping Zhao. "Performance Analysis and Codebook Design for mmWave Beamforming System With Beam Squint." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 10, no. 9 (2021): 2013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3090775.

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21

Kim, Sang-Keun, Min-Kil Chong, Su-Bum Kim, et al. "Design of 4-Bit TDL(True-Time Delay Line) for Elimination of Beam-Squint in Wide Band Phased-Array Antenna." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 10 (2009): 1061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2009.20.10.1061.

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22

Wang, Mingjin, Feifei Gao, Nir Shlezinger, Mark F. Flanagan, and Yonina C. Eldar. "A Block Sparsity Based Estimator for mmWave Massive MIMO Channels With Beam Squint." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 68 (2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2956677.

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23

Shenheng Xu and Y. Rahmat-Samii. "A Novel Beam Squint Compensation Technique for Circularly Polarized Conic-Section Reflector Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 2 (2010): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2037711.

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24

Schrank, Hal. "Beam squint in parabolic reflector antennas with circularly polarized feeds [Antenna Designer's Notebook]." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 32, no. 1 (1990): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.1990.7725044.

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25

Oh, Soon-Soo, and Lotfollah Shafai. "Beam-squint minimization in series-slotted waveguide array antennas using double negative materials." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 48, no. 9 (2006): 1789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.21800.

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26

Keh, Jing-Fong, Ming Chou, Zhi-Chao Zhang, Qian-Xin An, and Wen-Jiao Liao. "A Beamforming-Network-Based Four-Squint-Beam Array Antenna for Ceiling-Mount Access Point." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, no. 4 (2019): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2901510.

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27

Sun, Haihan, Can Ding, Bevan Jones, and Y. Jay Guo. "A Wideband Base Station Antenna Element With Stable Radiation Pattern and Reduced Beam Squint." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 23022–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2763177.

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28

Fonseca, Nelson Jorge G., Ahmed Ali, and Herve Aubert. "Cancellation of Beam Squint with Frequency in Serial Beamforming Network-Fed Linear Array Antennas." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 54, no. 1 (2012): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2012.6202510.

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29

Shahvarpour, A., C. Caloz, and A. Alvarez-Melcon. "Broadband and low-beam squint leaky wave radiation from a uniaxially anisotropic grounded slab." Radio Science 46, no. 4 (2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010rs004530.

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30

Bie, Bowen, Guang‐Cai Sun, and Mengdao Xing. "Space‐variant RCMC method for squint beam‐steering SAR imaging on high‐speed manoeuvring platforms." Electronics Letters 55, no. 8 (2019): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2019.0237.

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31

Wei Liu, Zhi Ning Chen, Terence Shie Ping See, and Falin Liu. "SIW-Slot-Fed Thin Beam-Squint-Free Fabry-Pérot Cavity Antenna With Low Backlobe Levels." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13 (2014): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2311813.

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32

Wang, Zhiqiang, Jiawei Liu, Jun Wang, and Guangrong Yue. "Beam squint effect on high-throughput millimeter-wave communication with an ultra-massive phased array." Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 22, no. 4 (2021): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2000451.

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33

Jian, Mengnan, Feifei Gao, Zhi Tian, Shi Jin, and Shaodan Ma. "Angle-Domain Aided UL/DL Channel Estimation for Wideband mmWave Massive MIMO Systems With Beam Squint." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 7 (2019): 3515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2915072.

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34

Zamanifekri, A., and A. B. Smolders. "Beam Squint Compensation in Circularly Polarized Offset Reflector Antennas Using a Sequentially Rotated Focal-Plane Array." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14 (2015): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2386308.

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35

Giannini, Andrea, Fabio Pelorossi, Marco Pasian, et al. "The Sardinia Radio Telescope Upgrade to Telemetry, Tracking and Command: Beam Squint and Electromagnetic Compatibility Design." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 57, no. 1 (2015): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2015.2397131.

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36

Wan, Qian, Jun Fang, Zhi Chen, and Hongbin Li. "Hybrid Precoding and Combining for Millimeter Wave/Sub-THz MIMO-OFDM Systems With Beam Squint Effects." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 8 (2021): 8314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3093095.

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37

Zeng, Zhi, Jianjun Huang, Zhaohui Song, and Qinyu Zhang. "A Novel Miniaturized Dual Slant-Polarized UWB Antenna Array with Excellent Pattern Symmetry Property for MIMO Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/801638.

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A novel miniaturized 1 × 10 uniform linear dual slant-polarized UWB antenna array for MIMO base station is presented. The antenna array operates in the frequency band from 1710 to 2690 MHz with a 17.3–18.7 dBi gain in a size of 105 × 1100 × 37 mm. The array element is composed of two single-polarized dipoles evolved from bow-tie antenna with slots on them, which miniaturize the size of the antenna. The 10 array elements are fed through an air dielectric strip-line power splitter. Two parameters, the beam tracking and the beam squint, are presented to quantitatively describe the pattern symmetry property of the antenna. The simulated and measured radiation performances are studied and compared. The results show that the pattern symmetry property of the single antenna element has been improved about 24% compared with the former study, and the antenna array also provides excellent pattern symmetry property.

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38

Eilhardt, K., R. Wohlleben, and D. Fiebig. "Compensation of the beam squint in axially symmetric, large dual reflector antennas with large-ranging laterally displaced feeds." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 42, no. 10 (1994): 1430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.320750.

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39

Frech, Michael, Bertram Lange, Theo Mammen, Joerg Seltmann, Chris Morehead, and Joshua Rowan. "Influence of a Radome on Antenna Performance." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 2 (2013): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00033.1.

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Abstract The German Meteorological Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)] operates the German weather radar network and is currently replacing all radar systems with new dual-polarization radars. One of the key components of a radar system is its antenna. The quality of the dual-polarized (dual-pol) moments is dependent on the quality of the antenna and its proper characterization. Dedicated on-site antenna pattern measurements with and without radome are performed in order to verify the antenna and radome specification of the new Hohenpeissenberg radar. Those on-site measurements are carried out from three different source sites in the far field of the antenna. The pattern measurements show that the main antenna specifications, such as the 3-dB beamwidth, beam squint, and sidelobe levels, are met. This is also true if a radome is in place. However, the data suggest that the manufacturer’s specifications are not fulfilled completely. This study finds a substantial increase of the copolar power level off the main beam. The homogeneity of the main beam with respect to differential power and phase is degraded with the radome. The measurements based on the three source sites indicate that a small (but negligible) radome-induced azimuthal variability of the radar moments can be expected. The integrated cross-polarization ratio based on the pattern measurement suggests that 1.4 dB of sensitivity is lost in the linear depolarization ratio (LDR) due to the dry radome.

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40

Frech, Michael, Theodor Mammen, and Bertram Lange. "Pointing Accuracy of an Operational Polarimetric Weather Radar." Remote Sensing 11, no. 9 (2019): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091115.

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Exact navigation of detected radar signals is crucial for usage of radar data in meteorological applications. The antenna pointing accuracy in azimuth and elevation of a polarimetric weather research radar depending on position of the sun is assessed using dedicated solar boxscans in a sequence of 10 min. The research radar of the German Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) is located at the meteorological observatory Hohenpeissenberg. It is identical to the 17 weather radars of the German weather radar network. A non-linear azimuthal variation of azimuthal pointing bias of up to 0.1 ∘ is found, which is significant as this is commonly viewed as the target pointing accuracy. This azimuthal variation can be attributed to the mechanical design of the drive train with the angle encoder. This includes the inherent backlash of the gear-drive assembly. The pointing bias estimates based on over 1000 boxscans from 26 days show a small case by case variability, which indicates that dedicated solar boxscans from one day are sufficient to characterize the pointing performance of a particular system. An azimuth and elevation range that is covered with this approach is limited and dependent on the time of the year. At Hohenpeißenberg, an azimuth range up to 50–300 ∘ was covered around summer solstice and about 90 boxscans were acquired. It is shown that the pointing bias based on solar boxscan data are consistent with results from the operational assessment of pointing bias using solar hits from operational scanning if we take into account the fact that the DWD operational scan definition has only a maximum elevation of 25 ∘ . The analysis of a full diurnal cycle of boxscans from four operational radar system shows that the azimuthal dependence of azimuth bias needs to be evaluated individually for each system. For one of the systems, the azimuthal variation of the pointing bias of about 0.2 ∘ seems related to the bull gear. A difference of the pointing bias for the horizontal and vertical polarization is an indication of beam squint and, eventually, that of a feed misalignment. Beam squint and, as such, the quality of the antenna assembly can easily be monitored with this method during the life-time of a weather radar.

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41

Ouyang, Wei, and Xun Gong. "A 20-Element Cavity-Backed Slot Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) With 2-D Beamsteering and Minimized Beam Squint." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 8 (2020): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2020.3004595.

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42

Jenkinson, Helen. "Retinoblastoma: diagnosis and management—the UK perspective." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 11 (2015): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306208.

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In the developed world, retinoblastoma is an uncommon yet highly curable ocular malignancy of childhood affecting 40–50 children in the UK each year. The presenting signs, most commonly leukocoria and squint, should alert the primary care physician or secondary care physician to examine for the red reflex, the absence of which is an indication for urgent ophthalmology assessment. Diagnosis is made by clinical examination and staging may include bone marrow sampling, lumbar puncture and MRI scanning. CT should be avoided to reduce radiation exposure in a population of whom a proportion are at considerable risk of second malignancies. Although enucleation is necessary for many children, over recent years there has been a growing emphasis on conservative management in an attempt to reduce the need for enucleation and avoid the adverse late effects associated with external beam radiotherapy. This review will describe approaches to treatment in the UK and how the stage, laterality and position of the tumour within the eye influence treatment choices.

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43

Ueda, Tetsuya, Yuki Kubo, Takumi Kaneda, Makoto Hara, Yasuo Takahashi, and Tatsuo Itoh. "Dispersion-Free and Tunable Nonreciprocities in Composite Right-/Left-Handed Metamaterials and Their Applications to Beam Squint Reduction in Leaky-Wave Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 67, no. 6 (2019): 2227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2909022.

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44

González-Coma, José P., Pedro Suárez-Casal, Paula M. Castro, and Luis Castedo. "FDD Channel Estimation Via Covariance Estimation in Wideband Massive MIMO Systems." Sensors 20, no. 3 (2020): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030930.

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A method for channel estimation in wideband massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output systems using hybrid digital analog architectures is developed. The proposed method is useful for Frequency-Division Duplex at either sub-6 GHz or millimeter wave frequency bands and takes into account the beam squint effect caused by the large bandwidth of the signals. To circumvent the estimation of large channel vectors, the posed algorithm relies on the slow time variation of the channel spatial covariance matrix, thus allowing for the utilization of very short training sequences. This is possibledue to the exploitation of the channel structure. After identifying the channel covariance matrix, the channel is estimated on the basis of the recovered information. To that end, we propose a novel method that relies on estimating the tap delays and the gains as sociated with each path. As a consequence, the proposed channel estimator achieves low computational complexity and significantly reduces the training overhead. Moreover, our numerical simulations show better performance results compared to the minimum mean-squared error solution.

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45

Vajedian, Sanaz, and Mahdi Motagh. "COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE 12 NOVEMBER 2017 MW 7.3 SARPOL-E ZAHAB (IRAN) EARTHQUAKE FROM SAR INTERFEROMETRY, BURST OVERLAP INTERFEROMETRY AND OFFSET TRACKING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3 (April 23, 2018): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-205-2018.

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Interferometric wide-swath mode of Sentinel-1, which is implemented by Terrain Observation by Progressive Scan (TOPS) technique, is the main mode of SAR data acquisition in this mission. It aims at global monitoring of large areas with enhanced revisit frequency of 6 days at the expense of reduced azimuth resolution, compared to classical ScanSAR mode. TOPS technique is equipped by steering the beam from backward to forward along the heading direction for each burst, in addition to the steering along the range direction, which is the only sweeping direction in standard ScanSAR mode. This leads to difficulty in measuring along-track displacement by applying the conventional method of multi-aperture interferometry (MAI), which exploits a double difference interferometry to estimate azimuth offset. There is a possibility to solve this issue by a technique called “Burst Overlap Interferometry” which focuses on the region of burst overlap. Taking advantage of large squint angle diversity of ~1° in burst overlapped area leads to improve the accuracy of ground motion measurement especially in along-track direction. We investigate the advantage of SAR Interferometry (InSAR), burst overlap interferometry and offset tracking to investigate coseismic deformation and coseismic-induced landslide related to 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake in Iran.

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46

Reddy, Vijay Anand Palkonda, Santosh Honavar, Puthiyapurayil M. Fairooz, Mohammed Javed Ali, and Geeta K. Vemuganti. "Demographics, treatment, and outcome of retinoblastoma: A large series with protocol-based management." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): 9568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9568.

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9568 Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood with incidence of 1 in 20,000 and the third most common pediatric cancer. In the previous decades, early diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma have improved survival rates in developed countries. Nevertheless, protocol based management help reduce the mortality rate associated with advanced tumors. The purpose of the study is to report demographics, management, and outcome of retinoblastoma in the Ocular oncology centre of South India. Methods: Consecutive case series of 1,543 eyes of 1,067 patients with 22 years of follow-up. Demographics, clinical features, treatment and outcome (survival, organ salvage and function salvage) were analyzed. Management comprised of focal therapy for small tumors, standard triple drug chemoreduction for larger (>4mm) tumors, high dose chemoreduction and periocular chemotherapy for vitreous seeds, and enucleation for advanced tumors. Adjuvant therapy was provided in patients with histopathologic high-risk factors for systemic metastasis. Orbital retinoblastoma was managed with a multimodal treatment protocol. Results: Sixty-six percent were <3 years of age. Forty-five percent were bilateral. Symptoms were leucocoria (33%), vision loss (10%), proptosis (6%), and squint (6%). The tumor was intraocular in 94% and orbital in 6%. Management was by protocol and included enucleation (52%), chemoreduction (26%), focal therapy (11%), and external beam radiation (5%). Fifty-five percent of enucleated patients had histopathologic risk factors for metastasis and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemoreduction with focal therapy resulted in eye and vision salvage in 92%. Overall, 94% survived. Conclusions: Protocol-based management of retinoblastoma provides excellent prognosis for survival, eye salvage and vision salvage.

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47

Reddy, V. P., S. G. Honavar, D. Shome, K. Shah, M. N. Naik, and R. Rao. "Demographics, clinical profile, management, and outcome of retinoblastoma in a tertiary care center in southern India." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 20011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.20011.

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20011 Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. The estimated incidence of retinoblastoma in India is about 2,000 a year. However, there is scant data on the clinical manifestations and outcome of retinoblastoma in India. Methods: In this retrospective case series, the medical records of 460 consecutive cases of retinoblastoma from January 1990 to December 2004 were analyzed for demographics, clinical profile, treatment and outcome (survival, organ and function salvage). Results: An integrated Ocular Oncology Service was established at the treatment center in the year 2000 and a specialized Children’s Eye Cancer Center was founded in 2004. The annual referral increased from <20 a year before 2000 to 38 in 2000, and 120 in 2005. Two hundred and six (45%) patients were economically underprivileged. A majority (303, 66%) presented <3 years of age. There were 277 (60%) males. Although 188 (41%) were bilateral, family history was forthcoming in only 19 (4%). Of 648 involved eyes, 531 (82%) eyes were symptomatic. Leucocoria (71%) was the most common symptom, followed by visual loss (12%), eyelid edema or proptosis (7%), squint (6%), pain (2%), redness (2%), enlarged eyeball (2%), or shrunken eyeball (1%). The tumor was intraocular in 609 (94%) eyes while 39 (6%) were extraocular. Enucleation was the most common primary treatment for intraocular retinoblastoma (236 of 451, 52%), followed by chemoreduction coupled with focal therapy (26%), focal therapy alone (11%), external beam radiation (55) or chemotherapy alone (4%). Histopathologic risk factors predictive of metastasis were found in 152 of 277 (55%) eyes that underwent enucleation. Chemoreduction with focal therapy resulted in eye and vision salvage in 109 of 118 (92%). At the final follow-up (minimum 24 months), 434 (94%) were alive and well. Conclusions: Retinoblastoma has excellent prognosis for survival, eye salvage and vision salvage with the current management modalities. An integrated approach involving a team of a pediatric oncologist and an ocular oncologist at a comprehensive tertiary care center may augment referrals and help implement systematic treatment strategies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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48

Jefferts, Katharine, Janusz Burczynski, and William G. Pearcy. "Acoustical Assessment of Squid (Loligo opalescens) off the Central Oregon Coast." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 6 (1987): 1261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-149.

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Squid (Loligo opalescens) were surveyed acoustically in an area off the Oregon coast using dual-beam and echo integrator techniques. The method developed is shown to be feasible for in situ estimation of target strength, distribution, and abundance of midwater squids. Average target strength was estimated both while drifting with a squid school and cruising over one. The values derived, −58.6 to −58.7 dB, are much lower than previous estimates, but more realistic in relation to the target strength of fishes. Schools judged to be fish or squid showed little difference in depth or size, but varied significantly in geographic distribution. Density estimates ranged from 9.9 t/km2 in a known spawning area to 0.93 t/km2 in an adjacent area.

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Wolter, Silke, Julian Linek, Josepha Altmann, et al. "Fabrication Process for Deep Submicron SQUID Circuits with Three Independent Niobium Layers." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040350.

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We present a fabrication technology for nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with overdamped superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) trilayer Nb/HfTi/Nb Josephson junctions. A combination of electron-beam lithography with chemical-mechanical polishing and magnetron sputtering on thermally oxidized Si wafers is used to produce direct current SQUIDs with 100-nm-lateral dimensions for Nb lines and junctions. We extended the process from originally two to three independent Nb layers. This extension offers the possibility to realize superconducting vias to all Nb layers without the HfTi barrier, and hence to increase the density and complexity of circuit structures. We present results on the yield of this process and measurements of SQUID characteristics.

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Crespi-Abril, Augusto César, Enrique Mario Morsan, and Pedro José Barón. "Analysis of the ontogenetic variation in body and beak shape of the Illex argentinus inner shelf spawning groups by geometric morphometrics." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 3 (2009): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990567.

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In this paper we analysed size and shape differences of body (mantle and fins) and inferior beak of the squid Illex argentinus from two Patagonian inner-shelf spawning groups. A new method was developed to reconstruct three-dimensional coordinates based on the 2-D projection of the beak on a plane. Shape of the beak did not vary between groups, sexes and maturity condition of individuals. Also, no beak shape changes were observed through the ontogeny. In contrast, as larger and heavier squids were considered in shape analysis, body widened near the fin insertion, and fin area increased. Our results suggest that shape adaptations of I. argentinus through the ontogeny reflect modifications to optimize swimming performance rather than to increase gamete holding capacity.

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