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Journal articles on the topic 'Beam stiffness'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhu, Xiujie, Chao Xiong, Junhui Yin, Dejun Yin, and Huiyong Deng. "Equivalent stiffness prediction and global buckling analysis using refined analytical model of composite laminated box beam." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (2019): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2019-0030.

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Abstract The analytical model applicable to calculate the equivalent stiffnesses of composite box beam has been refined. The calculation of equivalent stiffness coefficients of composite laminated box beam is simplified and the connection between shear-deformable beam theory and classical laminate theory is established. The equivalent stiffness analytic formulas expressed by beam cross-section geometry and laminate stiffness coefficients are obtained. These analytical formulas are suitable for composite laminated box beam with circumferential uniform stiffness, and accounts for bending- transv

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2

Tan, Hui Feng, and Zhen Yong Du. "Research on Equivalent Bending Stiffness of Conical Inflated Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.444.

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The conical inflated beams have steady bending stiffness before wrinkles appear according to experimental load-deflection curve, then the deflection distribute function is derived based on the differential function of deflection with variable bending stiffness. The equivalent bending stiffness is presented while the conical inflated beam equates to cylindrical inflated beam, according to the deflection formula of beam, the model of equivalent bending stiffness of conical inflated beams is obtained. Comparing the equivalent bending stiffness of conical inflated beams between theoretical model a

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3

Luo, Ji Man, Yue Liu, Bin Li, and Xiao Wei Sun. "Study on the Influence of Different Supporting Point Stiffness on External Suspension Tower Crane and Supporting Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.991.

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Supporting system of external suspension tower crane is the key factor which impairs the safety of the tower cranes. In this article, the problem is studied about the influence of different supporting point stiffness on the force of the tower crane external suspension. Based on the structural mechanics theory, the displacement of the lower statically indeterminate beam and the horizontal displacement of the upper statically indeterminate truss are solved firstly, then the stiffness of the supporting point on the lower beam and the entirety stiffness of the upper horizontal combination struts c

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4

Li, Yeou Fong, and Shu Ting Kan. "The Mechanical Behavior of the Hybrid FRP Beam." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.119.

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This paper presents the mechanical behaviors of hybrid fiber reinforced plastic (HFRP) composite beams. There are two methods were proposed to increase the stiffness of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) beam and change the failure mode. The first method is to infill the epoxy mortar into the GFRP beam. The second method is hand layout the GFRP beam by using carbon fiber with different direction fibers to increase the stiffness of the GFRP beam. Three-point bending test was conducted to obtain the force-displacement relationship, stiffness, failure strength and failure mode of the

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5

Muhtar. "The Prediction of Stiffness Reduction Non-Linear Phase in Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)." Forests 11, no. 12 (2020): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121313.

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This paper discusses the reduction of the stiffness of bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) beams to support the use of bamboo as an environmentally friendly building material. Calculation of cross-section stiffness in numerical analysis is very important, especially in the non-linear phase. After the initial crack occurs, the stiffness of the cross-section will decrease with increasing load and crack propagation. The calculation of the stiffness in the cross-section of the concrete beam in the non-linear phase is usually approximated by giving a reduction in stiffness. ACI 318-14 provides an alte

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6

Zhou, Mi, and Yue Zhang. "The Experimental Study on Fracture and Damage Mechanism of RC T-Beam." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.661.

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In order to research the stiffness degradation mechanism of RC T-beam under the condition of different damage and get the influence law of damage degree on dynamic characteristics of single beam, the dilapidated static and dynamic test on four pieces of RC simple T-beams is explained in the paper. Under different degree of damage these parameters of four pieces of RC simple T-beams with two kinds of reinforcement ratio, such as crack, mid-span deflection, basic frequency, dynamic stiffness, static stiffness are measured. The frequency and stiffness variation of RC T-beam is obtained. The funct

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7

Dr., R. M. Sawant, and A. Saudagar A. "Review on Structural Performance of Haunch Reinforced Concrete Beams." Journal of Civil and Construction Engineering (e-ISSN: 2457-001X) 5, no. 3 (2019): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463220.

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Beams are the most important part of any reinforced concrete structural frame as they carry bending moments and shear force coming from the member supported on it. Generally, beams used in construction of RCC frame structure are prismatic in section and more specifically rectangular in section. As there are many advantages of such beam in short span and medium span beam, they become very much thicker, weighted and bulky for the long span. Thus, they become inefficient and uneconomical. The haunch beam having varying cross-sectional area will be more efficient and economical for large span beam

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8

Fossat, Pascal, Madhurima Kothakota, Mohamed Ichchou, and Olivier Bareille. "Dynamic Bending Model Describing the Generation of Negative Stiffness by Buckled Beams: Qualitative Analysis and Experimental Verification." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (2023): 9458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169458.

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This work addresses the dynamic modeling of a negative stiffness absorber consisting of an assembly of curved beams. Design rules are derived from the orders of magnitude of stiffness and elastic energy stored by the negative stiffness elements. Although static and dynamic performances are widely documented using equivalent spring–mass system equations of motion, this paper presents a modeling approach based on beam dynamics to predict the behavior by incorporating the generation of negative stiffness with prestressed Euler beams. The static behavior is first recalled to feed the dynamic beam

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9

Chen, Hai Xia. "Analysis of Slab and Beam’s Moment Influenced by Stiffness Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.329.

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In this paper ,taking industrial factory building , the size of 33 * 19.8 m2 for example, analyzes Integral reinforced concrete floor system under the loads by Finite element analysis software ANSYS. In the calculation process, beam element is beam4, slab element is shell63, Changing the line stiffness ratio of beam and slab, main beam and secondary beam, researches of moment on the main beam and the secondary beam by means of line stiffness ratio. It is showed that , when the value of line stiffness ratio is more than 10, mid-span moment is fewer obviously with the Increasing K ; when the val

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10

R, Manimaran. "Composite Delta Beam for Slim Floor Construction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58811.

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Abstract: The structural behaviour of the composite Flush Beam for slim floor as a whole has been investigated. The deformation behaviour of the structural members Steel beams with trapezoidal cross-sections and specially punched webs were developed as composite beams in slim floors. The estimation of the flexural stiffness and bending capacity of composite slim beams is rather complicated, because the influence of many factors should be taken into account. These factors include variable section dimensions, Profile of the beam, stiffness of the beam and interaction between steel and concrete.

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11

Zai, Eben Oktavianus, and Luki Hariando Purba. "The Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Various Carbon Fiber Retrofitting Methods in Enhancing Stiffness." INERSIA lnformasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur 21, no. 1 (2025): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v21i1.78313.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets and rods in improving the structural performance of reinforced concrete beams. Three beam specimens were tested: a control beam (BN), a beam reinforced with CFRP rods (BTC), and a beam reinforced with CFRP sheets (BLC). The experimental evaluation focused on key parameters, including first crack load (Pcrack), yield load (Pyield), maximum load (Pmax), and deflections at critical points. The stiffness of the beams was assessed at both the cracking stage (Kcrack) and the yielding stage (Kyield). The result

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12

Yang, E. Chuan, Xiang Zhao, and Ying Hui Li. "Free Vibration Analysis for Cracked FGM Beams by Means of a Continuous Beam Model." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/197049.

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Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and a continuous stiffness beam model, the free vibration of rectangular-section beams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) containing open edge cracks is studied. Assuming the material gradients follow exponential distribution along beam thickness direction, the conversion relation between the vibration governing equations of a FGM beam and that of an isotropic homogenous beam is deduced. A continuous function is used to characterize the bending stiffness of an edge cracked FGM beam. Thus, the cracked FGM beam is treated as an intact beam with cont

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13

Xu, Xin, Zheng Liu, Xue Han, and Chao Ge. "Experimental Research on the Stiffness of CFRP Reinforced Concrete Beam." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.436.

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This thesis analyses the destruction mode, the crack developing and beam deflection changes of 20 reinforced concrete beams including un-strengthened beam, direct strengthened beam and secondary load reinforced beam through tests and researches. The results show that using CFRP to strengthen the reinforced concrete beams will not only effectively increase the bearing capacity of the beam, but also inhibit the beam cracking and improve the flexural rigidity of the beam during normal use. In addition, the initial damage will have a certain impact on the stiffness of the strengthened beam.

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14

Du, Chuang, Wen Ling Tian, Xiao Wei Wang, and De Jun Wang. "Experimental Research on Ceramsite Concrete Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.708.

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Six specimens, including 4 ceramsite concrete beams(one of beams mixed into the polypropylene fiber ) and 2 normal concrete beams, were tested to investigate the flexural behavior. The test results show that cracking load of ceramsite concrete beams is slightly smaller than the ordinary concrete beam and cracking load of ceramsite concrete beams has significantly improved after mixing into the polypropylene fibers. The ultimate load of ceramsite concrete beams are no less than ordinary concrete beam,and fibers have not effects on the increase of ultimate load. Load-deflection curves were compa

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15

Lee, Joon Kyu, Jong Cheon Lee, Jong Min Choi, and Byoung Koo Lee. "Generalized stiffness of laterally functionally graded materials and implementation to dynamic beam element." Engineering Solid Mechanics 13, no. 1 (2025): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2024.8.004.

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This study investigates the generalized stiffness of laterally functionally graded materials (LFGMs) and applies these findings to dynamic beam elements. The generalized stiffnesses of LFGM, coupled with material and cross-sectional properties such as flexural and axial rigidity, mass per unit length, and mass-moment of inertia, are explicitly formulated. In the context of LFGM, material properties depend on an asymmetrical power law function with respect to cross-sectional depth. An example of the generalized numerical stiffness of a circular cross-section is provided for various material pro

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16

Tao, Mu-Xuan, Zi-Ang Li, Qi-Liang Zhou, and Li-Yan Xu. "Analysis of Equivalent Flexural Stiffness of Steel–Concrete Composite Beams in Frame Structures." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (2021): 10305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110305.

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Vertical deflection of a frame beam is an important indicator in the limit-state analysis of frame structures, particularly for steel–concrete composite beams, which are usually designed with large spans and heavy loads. In this study, the equivalent flexural stiffness of composite frame beams is analysed to evaluate their vertical deflection. A theoretical beam model with a spring constraint boundary and varied stiffness segments is established to consider the influence of both the rotation restraint stiffness at the beam ends and the cracked section in the negative moment region, such that t

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17

Fu, Chunyu, Yuyang Wang, and Dawei Tong. "Stiffness Estimation of Cracked Beams Based on Nonlinear Stress Distributions Near the Crack." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (May 28, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5987973.

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The crack presence causes nonlinear stress distributions along the sections of a beam, which change the neutral axis of the sections and further affect the beam stiffness. Thus, this paper presents a method for the stiffness estimation of cracked beams based on the stress distributions. First, regions whose stresses are affected by the crack are analyzed, and according to the distance to the crack, different nonlinear stress distributions are modeled for the effect regions. The inertia moments of section are evaluated by substituting these stress distributions into the internal force equilibri

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18

Yadav, Vinod, Dibya Prakash Jena, and Sharat Pandey. "An inclined beam-based vibration isolator design to attain quasi-zero-stiffness characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2909, no. 1 (2024): 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2909/1/012024.

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Abstract A linear spring element combined with a nonlinear spring element has low dynamic stiffness and high static stiffness. In this work, a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator based on positive stiffness and negative stiffness characteristic is explored. Using finite element simulation, the nonlinear stiffness of the inclined beam caused by the buckling effect and the linear positive stiffness of the circular arc beam is examined. The combination of these two beams delivered high static and low dynamic stiffness. The static characteristic is performed to obtain the operational dis

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19

Witmer, Ray W., Harvey B. Manbeck, and John J. Janowiak. "Finite-Element Modeling of Red Maple Glued-Laminated T-Beams and Bridge Behavior." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1575, no. 1 (1997): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1575-08.

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Finite-element modeling methods are presented using an existing finiteelement program to (1) predict the stiffness increase, due to the addition of deck panels, for red maple glued-laminated (glulam) T-beam assemblies relative to beams with no deck panels; and (2) predict the midspan beam deflection for a red maple glulam longitudinal stringer–transverse deck bridge for two loading conditions (one lane loaded and two lanes loaded). The red maple T-beam stiffness increase was determined for T-beams assembled with and without gaps between deck panels. The T-beam stiffness increase was predicted

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20

Zhou, An. "Flexural Stiffness of Steel-Prestressed Concrete Composite Beam." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.843.

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For continuous composite beams that in normal working stage, due to concrete cracks at negative moment region are restricted by transverse tendon reinforcements at the slab, it would be reasonable to consider concrete contribution to the bending capacity of such composite beams. Based on this, a variable stiffness method is proposed in this paper to calculate the composite beam deflection. Before concrete slab cracks, the flexural stiffness (the maximum value) is calculated according to the reduced transformed beam section, with the consideration of concrete contribution; After concrete cracks

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21

Li, Ming Ming, Fang Zhen Song, and Chuan Guang Ding. "The Frequency Veering Phenomena of the Beams of Cantilever Screen." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.580.

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The special structure of beams of cantilever screen has the advantages comparing with the traditional screen and special dynamic characteristics, such as the dynamic characteristics of frequency veering. The traditional analysis method of vibrating screen is not applicable to its dynamic analysis because of the special structure. By analysis and decomposition of stiffness matrix of beams of cantilever screen, the frequency veering phenomenon of the beam of cantilever screen was explained from the point of view of modal energy equation and the influence of sub-stiffness matrix of beams of canti

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22

Basu, Aviru Kumar, Anup Basak, and Shantanu Bhattacharya. "Geometry and thickness dependant anomalous mechanical behavior of fabricated SU-8 thin film micro-cantilevers." Journal of Micromanufacturing 3, no. 2 (2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516598420930988.

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SU-8 micro-cantilever arrays consisting of V- and M-shaped structures fabricated using a simplified single hard mask step. Bending tests were performed under similar peak loads (ranging 2–10 µN), with thickness ranging between micron (3.5 µm) and sub-micron (0.2 µm) scales. Various mechanical properties such as stiffness and hysteresis are determined from the load versus deflection curves. When the thickness of the V-shaped beam is decreased from 2 µm to 0.2 µm, the stiffness increases by a factor of 2.7, which is in contradiction with the classical beam theory according to which the stiffness

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23

Al-Saeedi, Saleem Mohammed Ali Ahmed, Linfeng Lu, Osama Zaid Yahya Al-Ansi, and Saddam Ali. "Hysteretic Behavior Study on the RBS Connection of H-Shape Columns with Middle-Flanges or Wide-Flange H-Shape Beams." Buildings 15, no. 1 (2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15010147.

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Existing research on reduced beam section (RBS) connections in steel frames rarely addresses H-shaped beams with middle and wide flanges. Therefore, this study investigates the hysteretic behavior of RBS connections in H-shaped columns connected to H-shaped beams with middle and wide flanges. Using finite element analysis, the influence of key parameters (a, b, and c, where “a” represents the unweakened beam flange extension length, “b” represents the weakened beam flange length, and “c” represents the weakened beam flange depth, respectively) on structural performance was evaluated, focusing

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24

Staszak, Natalia, Tomasz Gajewski, and Tomasz Garbowski. "Shell-to-Beam Numerical Homogenization of 3D Thin-Walled Perforated Beams." Materials 15, no. 5 (2022): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051827.

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Determining the geometric characteristics of even complex cross-sections of steel beams is not a major challenge nowadays. The problem arises when openings of various shapes and sizes appear at more or less regular intervals along the length of the beam. Such alternations cause the beam to have different stiffnesses along its length. It has different bending and shear stiffnesses at the opening point and in the full section. In this paper, we present a very convenient and easy-to-implement method of determining the equivalent stiffness of a beam with any cross-section (open or closed) and with

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25

Su, Jizhi, Boquan Liu, Guohua Xing, Yudong Ma, and Jiao Huang. "Influence of Beam-to-Column Linear Stiffness Ratio on Failure Mechanism of Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9216798.

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The design philosophy of a strong-column weak-beam (SCWB), commonly used in seismic design codes for reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frame structures, permits plastic deformation in beams while keeping columns elastic. SCWB frames are designed according to beam-to-column flexural capacity ratio requirements in order to ensure the beam-hinge mechanism during large earthquakes and without considering the influence of the beam-to-column stiffness ratio on the failure modes of global structures. The beam-to-column linear stiffness ratio is a comprehensive indicator of flexural stiffness,

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26

Han, Fei, Dan-Hui Dan, and Xing-Fei Yan. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Double-Layer Sheathing Cable System Based on Dynamic Stiffness Theory." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 07 (2018): 1850096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500967.

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Based on the theory of double-beam dynamic stiffness, a dynamic equilibrium equation for an inclined beam segment was established for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a double-layer sheathing cable system. The closed-form transverse dynamic stiffness matrix of the system considering the bending stiffness, inclination angle, boundary condition, and the sag of the beam was obtained simultaneously. The distribution rule of its elements and determinant, defined as dynamic stiffness coefficients and the characteristic function separately, were analyzed in the space and frequency domai

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27

Plaut, R. H. "Simultaneous Optimization of Beams and Their Elastic Foundations for Minimum Compliance." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 3 (1989): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176138.

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Nonuniform beams on nonuniform elastic foundations are considered. The beams have sandwich cross-sections with cores of negligible stiffness and are subjected to a uniformly distributed load. The total volume of the beam and the total stiffness of the foundation (which may include elastic supports) are specified. Both the cross-sectional area of the beam and the stiffness distribution of the foundation are design functions. They are chosen to minimize the compliance (or, equivalently, the area displaced by the beam deflection function). The calculus of variations is used to derive optimality c

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28

LaFave, James M., and James K. Wight. "Reinforced Concrete Wide-Beam Construction vs. Conventional Construction: Resistance to Lateral Earthquake Loads." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 3 (2001): 479–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586185.

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Experiments and analyses were conducted to address concerns about performance of reinforced concrete connections with shallow, wide beams subjected to lateral earthquake loading and to compare behavior of wide beam connections to that of conventional connections. Two wide beam-column-slab connections and one conventional beam-column-slab connection were subjected to cycles of reversing lateral displacements up to 5% drift. The conventional beam and wide beam connections exhibited similar overall load-displacement behavior, with similar beam plastic hinge development. The wide beam connections

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29

Zhang, Xizhi, Shaohua Zhang, and Sixin Niu. "Experimental studies on seismic behavior of precast hybrid steel–concrete beam." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 3 (2018): 670–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218796411.

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This study aims to investigate the seismic behavior of precast hybrid steel–concrete beams. Five full-scale beam specimens, including four precast hybrid steel–concrete beams and a conventional precast concrete beam, were tested under cyclic loading. Furthermore, a new connection form was proposed to facilitate the constructability of the steel-to-concrete connection. The main experimental parameters were the steel beam length and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. In addition, the influence of the reduced beam section of the steel beam on seismic behavior of precast hybrid steel–concrete b

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30

Marszałek, Jan, and Mieczysław Piechota. "Verification of the equivalent stiffness method on the example of a model study of a two-span folding beam based on fixed supports." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, no. 3 (2018): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6661.

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The article covers the analysis of the equivalent stiffness method in a two-span folding beam based on fixed supports, carried out on the basis of model tests. The essence of this analysis was to check the deformation of the entire beam for the constant equivalent stiffness. For this purpose, detailed measurements of deflections at each beam connection were made for different: size of assembly clearances, load values and length of the spans. Then, the results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical results. Theoretical analysis was carried out using the strict method and the Fin

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31

Gao, Ying, Feiyang Xu, Xinmiao Meng, Ye Zhang, and Hongda Yang. "Experimental and numerical study on the lateral torsional buckling of full-scale steel-timber composite beams." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 3 (2021): 522–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211057263.

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The lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of steel-timber composite (STC) beam with partial interaction was investigated in this paper. The composite beam is constructed by connecting the timber to both flanges of the H-shaped steel with bolts or screws. Twelve push-out specimens were designed to evaluate the shear performance of bolt or screw connectors. It was shown that the slip stiffness and the shear bearing capacity of the connectors increased with the thickness of timber increasing. Then, eight full-scale composite beams with lengths of 6000 mm were studied through bending tests and compared

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32

Dunne, F. P. E., and M. Heppenstall. "The Effect of Joints on the Transverse Vibration of a Simple Structure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 204, no. 1 (1990): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_073_02.

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Transverse vibration tests were carried out on a cold-drawn mild steel tubular beam containing annular metal-to-metal joints. The tests were also carried out on an unjointed beam of the same dimensions. An axial compressive preload was applied giving a compressive stress in the range of 0–80 N/mm2. Joints between rough turned surfaces, between ground surfaces and mixed joints between both types of surface were used. Dynamic bending stiffnesses of the joints over the range of compressive stress were determined. Stiffness of the turned and mixed joints was found to be proportional to preload. St

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33

Zhu, Bai Ru, and Yang Song. "Experimental Study on Reinforced Concrete Beam with Embed in Basalt FRP Bars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3827.

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Many tests were carried out to study flexural failure characteristics, ultimate bearing capacity, and stiffness etc of reinforced concrete beams which are embed in basalt FRP bar. The results show that:（1）Basalt FRP bars greatly enhance load bearing capacity. (2) Beam failure characteristic is interfacial bond failure mode. (3) Reinforced beams’ integrity and stiffness are greatly improved, the beam crack resistance significantly improved.

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34

Liu, Heng, Jie Hong, and Dayi Zhang. "Bending and vibration of a discontinuous beam with a curvic coupling under different axial forces." Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (2020): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11465-019-0584-4.

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Abstract The transverse stiffness and vibration characteristics of discontinuous beams can significantly differ from those of continuous beams given that an abrupt change in stiffness may occur at the interface of the former. In this study, the equations for the deflection curve and vibration frequencies of a simply supported discontinuous beam under axial loads are derived analytically on the basis of boundary, continuity, and deformation compatibility conditions by using equivalent spring models. The equation for the deflection curve is solved using undetermined coefficient methods. The norm

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35

Zhang, Shao Qin, and Hua Hu Cheng. "Study of the Influence of the Beam-Column Line Stiffness Ratio on the Frame Structure Load Capacity Based on MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4194.

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Statically indeterminate frame, composed of beams and columns, is a widely used structure form in civil engineering. The frame carrying capacity under various actions is related to the absolute stiffness of frame components and relative beam-column line stiffness ratio. The matrix displacement method and programming based on MATLAB were employed in this study to calculate the internal forces and displacements of a 2-bay 2-story frame structure under the action of horizontal loads. The influence of the beam-column line stiffness ratio on the frame load capacity was discussed based on the calcul

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36

Hong, Wan, Yuchen Jiang, Yong Fang, and Xiamin Hu. "Experimental study and theoretical analysis of glulam-concrete composite beams connected with ductile shear connectors." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 6 (2019): 1168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219891560.

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Ductile shear connectors are often applied in timber-concrete composite beams. The relative interface slip of such kind of composite beams will affect the mechanical performance of the composite beams and result in structural nonlinearity. Gamma method which adopts effective bending stiffness to reflect semi-rigid connection is recommended in Eurocode 5. The effective bending stiffness is irrelevant to external loads and calculation points of the composite beam. However, actual bending stiffness distribution along the beam is variable due to that shear connectors are subjected to different she

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37

Yao, Guo Wen, Yan Li Wei, and Shi Ya Li. "Experimental Research on the Flexural Performance of the Strengthened Concrete Beams with Prestressed CFRP." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.105.

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Three-bending experiments were performed on RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP under static and cycle loading. Prestressed CFRP obviously increases the load-carrying capacity and fatigue life of strengthened RC beam. And it greatly increases the flexural stiffness of strengthened beam. The failure modes of the beams go through concrete cracking, CFRP debonding from concrete and beam fractured. The vertical flexibility history at midspan is decomposed into three stages. And then fatigue damage is defined by flexural stiffness and its evolvement shows three stages of nucleation, growth

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Xiang, Kai, Guo Hui Wang, Wei Ping Han, and Jiang Tao Yu. "Moment Redistribution of Two-Span Fire-Damaged Reinforced Concrete T-Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.399.

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Experiments of seven two-span reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams were introduced. One T-beam was normal temperature control T-beam, and the other six T-beams were heated under ISO-834 standard fire. All T-beams had the same geometrical dimensions and reinforcement as well as the loading and support arrangement. The fire-damaged T-beams were classified into two groups according to the fire exposure time. Different fire exposure time including 60 minutes and 75 minutes were investigated. In each group, one T-beam was unstrengthened control T-beam, and the other two T-beams were strengthened with c

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ZENKOUR, A. M., M. N. M. ALLAM, and MOHAMMED SOBHY. "EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE NORMAL AND SHEAR DEFORMATION ON A FIBER-REINFORCED VISCOELASTIC BEAM RESTING ON TWO-PARAMETER ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 02, no. 01 (2010): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825110000482.

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This article investigates the effect of transverse normal and shear deformations on a fiber-reinforced viscoelastic beams resting on two-parameter (Pasternak's) elastic foundations. The results are obtained by the refined sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory and compared with those obtained by the simple sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory, Timoshenko first-order shear deformation beam theory as well as Euler-Bernoulli classical beam theory. The effects of foundation stiffness on bending of viscoelastic composite beam are presented. The effective moduli methods are used to derive the

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Cavalli, Alberto, Paola Mazzanti, Lorenzo Riparbelli, and Marco Togni. "Strengthening of Ancient Timber Beams during Restoration Operations: Effect of Wood Cutting on Modulus of Elasticity." Forests 14, no. 9 (2023): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091854.

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In ancient buildings, timber members may require specific on-site interventions, including reinforcement or repair and sometimes the insertion of reinforcing material into grooves routed in the original sound wood. The required number, positions, and dimensions of grooves and the strengthening materials may differ according to the desired increases in bending stiffness and strength. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of each beam is of key importance: the MOE is typically a point of weakness for wood and is considered a constant characteristic of each beam. However, taking into account the wood l

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Mortensen, Bart, Janice J. Chambers, and Tony C. Bartley. "Reduced Beam Section Spring Constants." Engineering Journal 45, no. 2 (2008): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v45i2.935.

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A moment connection that includes a wide flange beam with trimmed flanges is commonly known as a Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connection. Accurate analysis of frames incorporating RBS beams requires knowledge of the elastic stiffness matrix of RBS beams. In lieu of using this stiffness matrix, an RBS beam can be modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli frame element with rotational springs at each end, which can be easily implemented in structural analysis software. This paper presents the derivation of the formula for the spring constants of an RBS beam and validates it. From a study of the spring constan

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He, Peng, Zhansheng Liu, and Chun Li. "An Improved Beam Element for Beams with Variable Axial Parameters." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 4 (2013): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/708910.

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The traditional beam element was improved to consider the variable axial parameters. The variable axial parameters were formulated in terms of a power series, and the general forms of elementary mass and stiffness matrices which depend on the power order were derived. The mass and stiffness matrices of the improved beam element were obtained in terms of an elementary matrix series. The beam elements for various tapered beams and a beam under linearly axial temperature distribution were derived. The vibrations of the beams with various taper shapes were studied and the variations of natural fre

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Shakib, Sheikh, Abu Zakir Morshed, Md Ibrahim Kholil, and Md Akhtar Hossain. "Simulation of reinforced concrete beam retrofitted with steel angles subjected to flexure." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 18, no. 2 (2022): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-12-2021-0208.

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PurposeThe study focused on improving stiffness and premature failure, the weaknesses of the other retrofitting techniques and the retrofitted beam. A detailed study regarding the section properties and effective length of the angles was also carried out in this study.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, a comprehensive study was carried out using a finite element method to investigate the behavior and performance of steel angles as a retrofitting technique subjected to flexure. A model was developed in ABAQUS and validated with the available experimental works. The model was then appli

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Liu, Yang. "Dynamic Analysis of Elastic Support Beam Subject to Moving Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.918.

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The dynamics of elastic support beam are studied and the latent equation of the freely vibration modes of elastic bearing beam is deduced. The equation of the forced vibration of an elastically supported beam is obtained by the Lagrange equations and the influence of spring stiffness and moving load speed are analyzed. Calculation results show: the elastic supports have great effects on responses of beams, the dynamic amplification of deflections and stresses increases with the spring stiffness; the dynamic response of beam also increase with the increase of the speed of moving loads.

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Santos, Erivelton, and Hanz Richter. "Design and Analysis of Novel Actuation Mechanism with Controllable Stiffness." Actuators 8, no. 1 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8010012.

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Actuators intended for human–machine interaction systems are usually designed to be mechanically compliant. Conventional actuators are not suitable for this purpose due to typically high stiffness. Advanced powered prosthetic and orthotic devices can vary their stiffness during a motion cycle and are power-efficient. This paper proposes a novel actuator design that modulates stiffness by means of a flexible beam. A motorized drive system varies the active length of the cantilever beam, thus achieving stiffness modulation. New large deflection formulation for cantilever beams with rolling conta

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Tang, Gui He, and Bo Wu. "Fire Behaviors of Restrained RC Beams with Slab." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1445.

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Using the computer program SAFIR, the behaviors of restrained reinforced concrete (RC) beams with slab exposed to ISO834 standard fire are analyzed. The influences of three parameters (i.e., width of slab, axial restraint stiffness ratio, and rotational restraint stiffness ratio) on the beams’ behaviors in fire are investigated. Simulation results show that: (a) the axial force in the slab is much larger than that in the beam on the whole; (b) after 0.5 hour of heating the axial force in the slab decreases gradually with an increasing of the slab width ranging from 1.0 m to 2.5 m, but the infl

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Heffernan, P. J., and M. A. Erki. "Equivalent capacity and efficiency of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced plastic sheets." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (1996): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-003.

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Fibre reinforced plastic sheets have recently been used in Switzerland and Japan as an alternative to steel plates for the external strengthening of structural components. This paper presents the results of an experimental program that examines the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets. The concept of equivalent strength is introduced for comparative purposes, and its applicability to design is discussed. The results and analysis of three 2 m reinforced concrete beams and two 5 m reinforced concrete beams of various tensile rein

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Naji, Ayat, and Mushriq Fuad Kadhim. "Structural Performance of Double castellated Steel Beams with Innovative Opening Configuration." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 2 (2025): 20616–22. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.9734.

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This research delves into the structural performance of castellated steel beams featuring expanded webs, emphasizing how design variables, such as the number of openings and cutting angle, affect the load capacity, deflection, and stiffness. Castellated beams are engineered to improve the strength-to-weight ratio of the standard I-beams by cutting and reconstructing the web into hexagonal, rectangular, or circular openings. This configuration not only boosts the beam load capacity and minimizes weight, but also maintains or enhances stiffness, rendering it well-suited for long-span structures.

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Lee, Jongsuh, and Semyung Wang. "Vibration Analysis of a Partially Connected Double-Beam System with the Transfer Matrix Method and Identification of the Slap Phenomenon in the System." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 07 (2017): 1750093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500934.

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This study concerns dynamic behavior of a partially connected double-beam system. This beam system is composed of two single beams and these beams are connected to each other by the distributed stiffness of which are located at certain regions. The governing equation of this double-beam system is composed of two fourth-order differential equations for each single beam. These two governing equations are coupled to each other by the partially distributed stiffness. And the coupling in the governing equations makes it difficult to analyze the dynamic behavior of this system. In this study, theref

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de Angelis, Fabio, and Donato Cancellara. "On the Influence of the Elastic Medium Stiffness in the Buckling Behavior of Compressed Beams on Elastic Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.776.

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In the present work the stability and buckling behavior of compressed beams on elastic foundation are analyzed. The influence of the elastic stiffness of the medium on the overall stability of the structural system is investigated. The analysis is performed via energetic methods. The buckling loads are evaluated as a function of the stiffness of the beam and the stiffness of the elastic medium. Considerations are illustrated on the influence of the elastic medium stiffness and on the effects of the ratio of the length of the beam and the characteristic half-wave on the stability of the structu

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