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1
Runte, David E. "Fundamental frequencies of I-joist, solid-sawn wood joist, and truss floors based of tee-beam modeling /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040550/.
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Lau, Wilson Wai Shing. "Strength model and finite element analysis of wood beam-columns in truss applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ57645.pdf.
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Fernández, Bianca Oliveira. "Sistemas de treliças modulares para pontes de madeira: uma boa alternativa para o Estado do Pará." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-30082010-090913/.
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O Estado do Pará tem uma área de 1.253.164,49 \'KM POT.2\', possui uma malha hidrográfica abundante e aproximadamente 19.253,35 km de estradas vicinais, que são cortadas por muitos rios. Neste contexto, a construção de pontes com pequenos e médios vãos é imprescindível para a melhoria do transporte intermunicipal e interestadual. O sistema de treliças modulares para pontes, já estudado no Reino Unido, Brasil e implantado na África, como também na América Central, se adéqua bem ao estado, e é constituído por vigas treliçadas planas, que utilizam peças serradas de madeira com seções transversais comerciais na composição da superestrutura da ponte. Procurando-se implantar o sistema no Pará, esse trabalho tem por objetivo a adequação do projeto de uma ponte treliçada de Eucalipto citriodora em projetos com madeiras tropicais, como Maçaranduba, Jatobá e Ipê. Para esta finalidade o sistema modular treliçado foi estudado por meio de análise numérica e experimental, e avaliado para pontes de até 36 m, com superestrutura formada por vigas treliçadas de madeira com 1 m de altura e ligações parafusadas. Como resultado deste estudo foi elaborada uma tabela contendo o número de vigas treliçadas a serem utilizadas em uma largura de ponte de 3,80 m dependendo do tamanho do vão. O sistema proposto proporciona vantagens como redução de custos e maior rapidez de execução, além de posterior reaproveitamento dos módulos.The Para state has an area of 1.253.164,49 \'KM POT.2\'; it has an abundant hydrography and nearly 19.253,35 Km of vicinal roads, that are cut by many rivers. In this context, the construction of bridges with small and medium spans is essential to the improvement of intercity and interstate transportation. The system of modular timber truss bridges, was already studied in the United Kingdom, Brazil and used in Africa, as well as in Central America, fits well to the state, and it is composed of beams plane trusses, using sawed pieces of wood with commercial cross sections in the composition of the superstructure of the bridge. With the purpose of installing the system in Para, the aim of this work is the adequacy of the design of a Eucalyptus citriodora\'s truss bridge on projects with tropical woods, as Maçaranduba, Jatoba and Ipe. For this purpose, the modular truss system was studied by numerical and experimental analysis, and evaluated for bridges with spans up to 36 m, with the superstructure using timber trusses beans with 1 m height and bolted connections. As result, was presented a table containing the number of beam trusses to be used in a bridge\'s wide depending on the size of the span. The proposed system provides advantages such as lower costs and faster execution, besides subsequent reuse of modules.
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Mills, Raymond Arthur. "Natural vibrations of beam-like trusses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111559.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Barker.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Raymond Arthur Mills.
M.S.
5
Le, Guennec Yves. "Transient dynamics of beam trusses under impulse loads." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECAP0016/document.
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Ce travail de recherche est dédié à la simulation de la réponse transitoire des assemblages de poutres soumis à des chocs. De tels chargements entraînent la propagation d’ondes haute fréquence dans l’ensemble de la structure. L’énergie qu’elles transportent peut être dommageable pour son fonctionnement ou celui des équipements embarqués. Dans des études précédentes, il a été observé sur des structures expérimentales qu’un régime vibratoire diffusif tend à s’installer pour des temps longs. Le but de cette étude est donc de développer un modèle robuste de la réponse transitoire des assemblages de poutres soumis à des chocs permettant de simuler, entre autres, cet état diffusif. Les champs de déplacement étant très oscillants et la densité modale élevée, la simulation numérique de la réponse transitoire à des chocs peut difficilement être menée par une méthode d’éléments finis classique. Une approche utilisant un estimateur de la densité d’énergie de chaque mode de propagation a donc été mise en œuvre. Elle permet d’accéder à des informations locales sur les états vibratoires, et de contourner certaines limitations intrinsèques aux longueurs d’onde courtes. Après avoir comparé plusieurs modèles de réduction cinématique de poutre à un modèle de Lamb de propagation dans un guide d’ondes circulaire, la cinématique de Timoshenko a été retenue afin de modéliser le comportement mécanique haute fréquence des poutres. En utilisant ce modèle dans le cadre de l’approche énergétique évoquée plus haut, deux groupes de modes de propagation de la densité d’énergie vibratoire dans une poutre ont été isolés : des modes longitudinaux regroupant un mode de compression et des modes de flexion, et des modes transversaux regroupant des modes de cisaillement et un mode de torsion. Il peut être également montré que l’´evolution en temps des densités d’énergie associées obéit à des lois de transport. Pour des assemblages de poutres, les phénomènes de réflexion/transmission aux jonctions ont du être pris en compte. Les opérateurs permettant de les décrire en termes de flux d’´energie ont été obtenus grâce aux équations de continuité des déplacements et des efforts aux jonctions. Quelques caractéristiques typiques d’un régime haute fréquence ont été mises en évidence, tel que le découplage entre les modes de rotation et les modes de translation. En revanche, les champs de densité d’énergie sont quant à eux discontinus aux jonctions. Une méthode d’éléments finis discontinus a donc été développée afin de les simuler numériquement comme solutions d’´equations de transport. Si l’on souhaite atteindre le régime diffusif aux temps longs, le schéma numérique doit être peu dissipatif et peu dispersif. La discrétisation spatiale a été faite avec des fonctions d’approximation de type spectrales, et l’intégration temporelle avec des schémas de Runge-Kutta d’ordre élevé du type ”strong stability preserving”. Les simulations numériques ont donné des résultats concluants car elles permettent d’exhiber le régime de diffusion. Il a été remarqué qu’il existait en fait deux limites diffusives différentes : (i) la diffusion spatiale de l’´energie sur l’ensemble de la structure, et (ii) l’équirépartition des densités d’énergie entre les différents modes de propagation. Enfin, une technique de renversement temporel a été développée. Elle pourra être utile dans de futurs travaux sur le contrôle non destructif des assemblages complexes et de grandes taillesThis research is dedicated to the simulation of the transient response of beam trusses under impulse loads. The latter lead to the propagation of high-frequency waves in such built up structures. In the aerospace industry, that phenomenon may penalize the functioning of the structures or the equipments attached to them on account of the vibrational energy carried by the waves. It is also observed experimentally that high-frequency wave propagation evolves into a diffusive vibrational state at late times. The goal of this study is then to develop a robust model of high-frequency wave propagation within three-dimensional beam trusses in order to be able to recover, for example, this diffusion regime. On account of the small wavelengths and the high modal density, the modelling of high-frequency wave propagation is hardly feasible by classical finite elements or other methods describing the displacement fields directly. Thus, an approach dealing with the evolution of an estimator of the energy density of each propagating mode in a Timoshenko beam has been used. It provides information on the local behavior of the structures while avoiding some limitations related to the small wavelengths of high-frequency waves. After a comparison between some reduced-order beam kinematics and the Lamb model of wave propagation in a circular waveguide, the Timoshenko kinematics has been selected for the mechanical modelling of the beams. It may be shown that the energy densities of the propagating modes in a Timoshenko beam obey transport equations. Two groups of energy modes have been isolated: the longitudinal group that gathers the compressional and the bending energetic modes, and the transverse group that gathers the shear and torsional energetic modes. The reflection/transmission phenomena taking place at the junctions between beams have also been investigated. For this purpose, the power flow reflection/transmission operators have been derived from the continuity of the displacements and efforts at the junctions. Some characteristic features of a high-frequency behavior at beam junctions have been highlighted such as the decoupling between the rotational and translational motions. It is also observed that the energy densities are discontinuous at the junctions on account of the power flow reflection/transmission phenomena. Thus a discontinuous finite element method has been implemented, in order to solve the transport equations they satisfy. The numerical scheme has to be weakly dissipative and dispersive in order to exhibit the aforementioned diffusive regime arising at late times. That is the reason why spectral-like approximation functions for spatial discretization, and strong-stability preserving Runge-Kutta schemes for time integration have been used. Numerical simulations give satisfactory results because they indeed highlight the outbreak of such a diffusion state. The latter is characterized by the following: (i) the spatial spread of the energy over the truss, and (ii) the equipartition of the energy between the different modes. The last part of the thesis has been devoted to the development of a time reversal processing, that could be useful for future works on structural health monitoring of complex, multi-bay trusses
6
Warrington, Thomas Joseph. "Experiments and simulations of large-angle flexible beam control using an adaptive truss." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040343/.
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Stark, John W. "The effect of lateral bracing on the dynamic response of wood floor systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01242009-063313/.
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Webster, Mark S. (Mark Stephen). "Modeling beam-like space trusses with nonlinear joints with application to control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43155.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991.Title as it appears in the June 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: A method for modeling beam-like space trusses with nonlinear joints with application to control design and analysis.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-152).
by Mark S. Webster.
Ph.D.
9
Li, Minghao. "Seismic performance of post-and-beam wood buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7570.
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This thesis presents a study to evaluate the seismic performance of post-and-beam
(P&B) wood assemblies and buildings of Japanese style using computer modeling,
experimental studies and probabilistic-based approaches.
A numerical model called “PB3D” is proposed to predict the lateral response of the
P&B buildings under static or dynamic loads. Special techniques are used to reduce the
problem size and improve computational efficiency with reasonable prediction accuracy.
This model simplifies a P&B building into a combination of 2D assemblies (e.g. shear
walls, floor/roof diaphragms) while capturing the global structural responses of interest
(e.g., inter-story drift and floor/roof acceleration). A mechanics-based wood shear wall
model is implemented to represent the hysteretic properties of symmetric/nonsymmetric
P&B walls. Roof/floor diaphragms are modeled as structural frames with calibrated
equivalent diagonal braces in order to consider the influence of the diaphragm in-plane
stiffness on the building performance.
Experimental studies have been conducted to study the behavior of 2D assemblies
and buildings. The engineering characteristics of single-brace P&B walls have been
evaluated by monotonic and reversed cyclic tests. The contribution of additional gypsum
wallboards to the wall lateral resistance has also been studied. An in-plane pushover test
has been conducted to study the in-plane stiffness of a floor diaphragm. Two one-story
P&B buildings have been tested under biaxial static loads and one-directional seismic loads, respectively. The established test database as well as a test database of a two-story
P&B building provided by a research institute in Japan has been used to verify the “PB3D”
model.
Using the response surface method with importance sampling and considering the
uncertainties involved in seismic ground motions, structural mass, and response surface
fitting errors, seismic reliability analyses have been conducted to estimate the seismic
reliabilities of a series of shear walls, a one-story building and a two-story building.
System effect on the shear wall reliability has also been studied.
The framework presented in this thesis provides a useful tool to assess the seismic
performance of the P&B wood buildings and to aid the performance-based seismic design
of these structural systems.
10
O'Regan, Philip J. "Combined Tension and Bending Loading in Bottom Chord Splice Joints of Metal-Plate-Connected Wood Trusses." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36508.
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Metal-plate-connected (MPC) splice joints were tested in combined tension and bending to generate data that were used in the development of a design procedure for determining the steel net-section strength of bottom chord splice joints of MPC wood trusses. Several common wood truss splice joint configurations were tested at varying levels of combined tension and bending loading. The joint configurations were 2x4 lumber with 20-gauge truss plates, 2x6 lumber with 20-gauge truss plates, and 2x6 lumber with 16-gauge truss plates. All the joints tested failed in the steel net-section of the truss plates. The combined loading was achieved by applying an eccentric axial tension load to the ends of each splice joint specimen.
Three structural models were developed to predict the ultimate strength of the steel net-section of the splice joints tested under combined tension and bending loading. The test data were fitted to each model, and the most accurate model was selected. Data from other published tests of splice joints were used to validate the accuracy of the selected model. A design procedure for determining the allowable design strength of the steel net-section of a splice joint subjected to combined tension and bending was developed based on the selected model. The new design procedure was compared with two existing design methods. The proposed design procedure is recommended for checking the safe capacity of the steel net-section of bottom chord splice joints of MPC wood trusses subjected to combined tension and bending.Master of Science
11
Medeiros, Rodolfo Costa de. "Forças em peças de contraventamento de treliças de madeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-22042010-082927/.
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O trabalho analisa as forças atuantes no contraventamento de treliças triangulares de coberturas de madeira por meio de modelos numéricos computacionais. Os modelos foram confeccionados no sistema de análise estrutural Strap e consideram o funcionamento do contraventamento na estrutura tridimensional. Os valores máximos das forças obtidas nos modelos tridimensionais foram comparados aos valores mínimos indicados pelo método de estimativa da NBR 7190 (1997), este, baseado na instabilidade lateral do elemento contraventado. Os valores dos modelos tridimensionais também foram comparados aos métodos do Eurocode 5, da norma sul-africana SABS 0163 e aos valores propostos por Underwood (2000), por apresentarem formulação semelhante ao da NBR 7190 (1997). Os modelos representam galpões usuais na prática, com dimensões variando de 12 a 24 metros de vão; 24 a 96 metros de comprimento; 3, 4 e 6 metros de altura do pilar. Foram analisados para os tipos de treliça Howe e Pratt, para as classes de madeira C30 e C50 e para os tipos de telhas fibrocimento, metálicas e cerâmicas, materiais mais utilizados no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que as forças atuantes no contraventamento dos modelos tridimensionais são superiores aos valores obtidos pelo método da NBR 7190 (1997) e que valores obtidos pelos métodos propostos pelo Eurocode 5 e por Underwood (2000) apresentam-se mais seguros diante do funcionamento global da estrutura.This work analyzes the forces acting on the bracing bars of triangular timber trusses by computational numerical models. The models are produced in the system of structural analysis Strap and consider the operation of bracing in the three-dimensional structure. The maximum forces obtained in the three-dimensional models are compared to the minimum values indicated by the estimation method of the NBR 7190 (1997), which is based on the lateral instability of the braced element. The values of three-dimensional models are also compared to the methods of Eurocode 5, the South African standard SABS 0163 and the values proposed by Underwood (2000). The models represent sheds with usual dimensions ranging from 12 to 24 meters wide, 24 to 96 feet long, and pillar 3, 4 and 6 meters tall. Are analyzed the Pratt and Howe types of truss, the timber classes C30 and C50 and the types of tiles: cement, metal and ceramics, materials most used in Brazil. The results show that the forces acting on the bracing of the three-dimensional models are greater than those obtained by the NBR 7190 (1997) and values obtained by methods proposed by the Eurocode 5 and Underwood (2000) provides more insurance on the overall functioning structure.
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Bartlová, Jana. "Návrh rekonstrukce dřevěných konstrukcí stávajícího objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227155.
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The content of this work was to carry out construction-technical survey of timber structures of the existing building in order to design an appropriate procedure for their reconstruction. The survey showed construction in an unsatisfactory to disrepair, so further work also includes the static calculation of new structures proposed instead of the current. Timber structure in the building has form of staircase, roof and ceiling construction. Newly designed the following types of stairs and roof trusses from which the lower belts are used as ceiling beams. The new proposal also includes possible roofing, roofing options, developed one of them. The work also includes drawings, bill of materials and cost estimate staircase structure and truss. Specialization in the field of civil engineering is represented by drawings of the new truss and passport (view of current state) whole object on parcel ST.74 / 1, land Tišnov (okr.Brno-venkov), the content of which was the basis for this work.
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Gao, Tian. "Mode-I Fracture in Bonded Wood: Studies of Adhesive Thermal Stability, and of the Effects of Wood Surface Deactivation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31697.
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This work included two separate studies; the common theme in each was the use of mode-I fracture testing to evaluate wood adhesion.
In the first study, mode-I fracture testing was used to compare the thermal stability of polyurethane (PUR) and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) wood adhesives. Bonded specimens for both adhesives were subjected to prolonged thermal exposure, and fracture testing was subsequently conducted after re-equilibration to standard test conditions. It was found that both PUR and RF suffered a significant fracture energy loss after heat treatment, and that RF was more thermally stable than PUR, as expected. However, both adhesives suffered significant thermal degradation, and fracture testing did not distinguish the RF system as being clearly superior to PUR. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was also used to analyze and compare the thermal softening of PUR and RF in terms of the decline in storage modulus. DMA results indicated that PUR specimens suffered greater stiffness loss due to simple thermal softening. Because fracture testing indicated that both adhesives suffered significant degradation, the DMA results suggested that the generally superior fire resistance of RF adhesives is born from greater high temperature stiffness; whereas the more compliant PUR suffers greater immediate softening during thermal exposure. In other words, both systems suffer from thermal degradation, but the more highly cross-linked RF system suffers less thermal softening and therefore maintains a greater load carrying capacity during fire exposure.
In the second study, mode-I fracture testing was used to test the effects of wood surface thermal deactivation (surface energy reduction) on the adhesion between southern pine wood (Pinus spp.) and polyethylene (PE). Pine specimens were progressively surface deactivated by 185°C heat treatments for periods of 5, 15, and 60 minutes. Control and deactivated pine laminae were subsequently hotpressed/bonded using PE film as the adhesive. Mode-I fracture testing was conducted under the assumption of linear elasticity, however load/displacement test curves suffered from a severe degree of nonlinearity believed to be caused by PE bridging behind the advancing crack tip. Instead of applying a nonlinear data analysis, a standard linear elastic analysis was conducted and deemed acceptable for comparative purposes within this study. Under dry conditions (unweathered specimens), 5 and 15 minute thermal treatments resulted in progressively worse adhesion (lower fracture energies) when compared to control surfaces; but the 60 minute heat treatment improved adhesion relative to 5 and 15 minute treatments, and showed a trend of improving adhesion as surface deactivation became more extreme. Simulated-weather resistance was also studied and it was determined that the highest degree of surface deactivation slightly improved weather durability in comparison to control surfaces. Overall, the findings here were similar to those in a previously published work- thermal deactivation of wood surfaces shows promise as a method to improve adhesion between wood and nonpolar polyolefins.Master of Science
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Lim, Hyungsuk. "Performance of strand-based wood composite post-and-beam shear wall system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56823.
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This dissertation proposes a strand-based wood composite product to be utilized as the vertical members of post-and-beam (P&B) shear walls. Since the shear wall performance is largely governed by connection systems holding the wall components together, the research focuses on the structural behaviour of two key connection types: nail and hold-down connections. The experimental studies were designed to evaluate the effects of orthogonal properties, such as vertical density profile of the strand-based product, on the connection performance. Static load tests were conducted following ASTM standards and Japanese HOWTEC connection performance guidelines. The test results showed that the connections with fasteners mounted on the face-side of the composite product outperform the ones with fasteners mounted on the product’s edge-side. Subsequently, full-scale shear wall tests were conducted on three P&B wall types to study the effect of the fastener driving direction on the wall performance. The test results confirmed that the shear walls with face-driven nails outperforms the ones with edge-driven nails in terms of load carrying capacity.
A detailed mechanics-based finite-element connection model RHYST was also developed to predict the load-displacement relationship of a nail connection. It was developed based on an existing connection model HYST which idealizes a dowel-type connector driven into a wood medium as an elasto-plastic beam embedded in a nonlinear foundation that only acts in compression. RHYST assumes that the lateral response of the wood medium does not decrease at any compressive displacement. The presented model takes into account the contribution of the fastener’s vertical displacements on the response of the foundation. The simulation results of RHYST agreed well with the reversed-cyclic nail connection test results in terms of load carrying capacity and energy dissipation. The model is also able to simulate strength and stiffness degradation between the repeated loading cycles. Moreover, the applicability of RHYST was confirmed by incorporating it as a subroutine in a finite-element shear wall model WALL2D. The simulation results of WALL2D with RHYST showed a good agreement with the wall test results.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Ziemba, Gilead Reed. "Theoretical analysis of light-weight truss construction in fire conditions, including the use of fire-retardant-treatment wood." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050506-114556/.
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Partel, Henrique. "Sistema informatizado para projeto de estruturas industrializadas de madeira para telhados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-22112017-105626/.
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A norma brasileira para projeto de estruturas de madeira foi revisada recentemente para considerar critérios de dimensionamento baseados no método dos estados limites. Com isto ocorreu uma alteração fundamental no processo de dimensionamento de elementos estruturais de madeira. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os aspectos pertinentes do processo de dimensionamento de estruturas treliçadas industrializadas de madeira para telhados, e desenvolver um software para determinar as solicitações de cálculo e verificação dos estados limites últimos e de utilização de elementos estruturais (barras de tesouras, ligações entre barras de tesouras por conectores metálicos com dentes estampados (CDE), terças e caibros) baseadas na norma NBR 7190 - Projeto de Estruturas de Madeira da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (1997).The brazilian code for design of timber structures were recently revised to consider the concepts of limit states design. There was a fundamental alteration in the process for design of wooden structures. The aim of this study is the identification of the pertinent aspects of the design process for industrialized trussed timber structures for roofing, and the development of a software for structural analysis and design of structural members (truss members, metal plate connected joints, purlins and rafters) based on the standard NBR 7190 - Projeto de Estruturas de Madeira - Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (1997).
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Mohamadzadeh, Milad. "Analysis of Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Assemblies under Out-of-Plane Loads." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50271.
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In 2012, falls from elevation in construction industry represented 36% of the total fatalities. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires workers to use fall protection systems where workers are 6 feet or more above a lower level. Anchors for fall protection systems attached to roof trusses may cause out-of-plane loading on these structures. Metal plate connected wood trusses (MPCWT) are not designed to carry out-of-plane loads and MPCWT performance under these loads are not evaluated in the design process.
The goal of this research is to model and analyze MPCWT assemblies under out-of-plane loads. The rotational stiffness of truss-wall connections, and truss bracing elements are included in the structural component model. Previous experimental data of fall arrest anchor loading were used for model validation. A parametric study considering loading location, joint stiffness and dimension of trusses was conducted.
The structural analog of the MPCWT assemblies were found to have first truss deflections within 4% difference, thereby the models were validated. From parametric study results, the load location was not changed the ultimate deflection in the truss assembly by maximum value of 9%. Out-of-plane joint stiffness was the parameter that caused a large difference in the deflection results, when the joists were assumed as either rigid or simple connections. The rotational stiffness of lateral and diagonal bracing should be included as model inputs for the accurate representation of experimental behavior. Truss lengths increased the deflection at the top chord of the first truss in the assembly as truss width increased.Master of Science
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Baskota, Karki Subheksha, and Hans Freij. "New fast connection for a building system based on green-glued boards." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5472.
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Växjö university has together with Södra developed a new green-glued laminated beam, which to be used in a building system. To make a product of the beam it is desired to also develop a building system based on the beam. An important part of such a building system is the connections. The main aim of the thesis was to design a new beam-to-beam connection in for the new green-glued laminated boards. This thesis is about to develop and test a new connection for a beam-to-beam connection in the building system. The requirements set on the connection was that it should be used in an office building with a beam length of 6 m, the connection should be fast to assemble and invisible. The report thoroughly describes the conceptual design, the development and test of the connection. Five different types of connections were designed in the conceptual design phase. One of these connections fulfilled the requirements and was taken to the development and testing phase. Three versions of the connection were tested. The report describes how the green-glued laminated beams with the connections were tested in a testing machine until the failure occurs. The developed connection could fulfil the requirements set on the connection. One version of the connection was even stronger than the green-glued laminated beams.
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Gagliano, Jerone Matthew. "An Improved Method for the Fracture Cleavage Testing of Adhesively-Bonded Wood." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31510.
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This work describes the development of an improved mode I fracture testing procedure for adhesively-bonded wood, and demonstrates the sensitivity of this approach. The two significant improvements were: 1) the use of the flat double cantilever beam (DCB) geometry, which has been uncommon for wood and 2) the application of an established and powerful data analysis using a corrected compliance method from beam theory. Three studies were conducted using various wood adhesives and DCB specimens were fabricated from yellowpoplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) sapwood.
The sensitivity of this methodology showed significant differences in fracture performance as the degree of cure increased for a phenol formaldehyde adhesive, and yielded maximum strain energy release rate (SERR) values of 370 - 560 J/m2. A second study showed performance differences between two polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) adhesives and one polyurethane adhesive. Typical maximum SERR values were 160 and 130 J/m2 for the pMDI adhesives and 160 J/m2 for the polyurethane adhesive. A third study investigated the effect of loading rates on a cross-linked polyvinyl acetate adhesive and maximum SERR values of 370 - 560 J/m2 were achieved.
Adhesive penetration and cure were determined by image analysis with fluorescence microscopy, and by micro-dielectric analysis, respectively. Since the geometry of the fracture procedure dictates the absence of wood failure, the resulting fractured surfaces were readily analyzable. The surface analysis techniques of laser ionization mass analysis, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the locus of failure for the smooth fractured surfaces.Master of Science
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Chang, Patrick. "An improved size, matching, and scaling synthesis method for the design of meso-scale truss structures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41138.
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The recent improvement of additive manufacturing has allowed designers to achieve a level of complexity and customizability that is difficult or impossible to accomplish using traditional manufacturing processes. As a result, much research has been conducted on developing new methods to utilize the larger design space brought by additive manufacturing. One such research area is in the design of mesoscale lattice structures. Mesoscale lattice structures are a type of cellular structure with support element sizes on the order of magnitude of centimeters. These types of structures are engineered for high performance and have applications in industries where both low weight and high strength are desired. However, due to the small size of their struts, these structures can easily have hundreds to thousands of individual struts. As a result, design poses a unique challenge. Current methods approach design of mesoscale lattice structures as a topological optimization problem, treating each strut diameter in the structure as a design variable. For structures with a fewer number struts, these optimization methods can converge, but will generally be very time-consuming. For structures with a large number of struts, the optimization problem becomes too large for current algorithms to solve.
In previous research, a new, highly efficient design method for mesoscale lattice structures was presented that eliminates the need for global size or topological optimization. This method, termed the Size, Matching and Scaling method, used a unique combination of a solid-body finite element analysis and a library of pre-defined lattice configurations, termed the "unit-cell library," to generate lattice topologies. The results from this method were highly promising: design time was significantly reduced when compared to optimization methods. Furthermore, lattices designed using the SMS method had performance results that were either comparable or better than their optimized counterparts. However, the method developed was highly conceptual, lacking a true systematic methodology for generating topologies and suffering from some gaps in implementation.
In this research, we present a modified Size Matching and Scaling (SMS) design method. Firstly, we introduce and outline the modified methodology. This methodology particularly includes an optimization step for determining strut diameters that replaces the manual search used in the original method. Secondly, we expand and explore the unit-cell library in an attempt to improve the performance of lattices generated using the SMS method. In particular, we optimize several unit-cell configurations and compare their performance in the context of the SMS method. Finally, we test the updated SMS methodology and unit-cell library using various design examples.
Results from the various example problems indicate that optimization is not only a viable systematic method for determining diameter values, but is actually preferred to the manual, iterative process used in the original method. Furthermore, various optimization algorithms and approaches yield different results. Between the two optimization algorithms utilized in this method: constrained optimization and least-squares minimization, constrained minimization converges faster, but least-squares minimization yields slightly improved performance results. In addition to these algorithms, a one-variable approach using an untested, simplifying assumption, dubbed the "28% approach," was tested. Results indicate that this assumption was incorrect and cannot be utilized. Finally, results from the expanded unit-cell library indicate that the best unit-cell configuration is still the same original unit-cell configuration utilized in the first SMS method. The addition of more unit-cell does not improve the performance of structures generated using the SMS method. In fact, both performance and design time worsen when additional configurations are utilized.
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Tunková, Eliška. "Víceúčelový objekt v Pardubicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392088.
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The topic of my diploma thesis is a design of a construction of a multipurpose building. The floor plan is of irregular shape with a maximal span of 35 metres. There are two buildings in shape of a hexagon, to which another building in shape of a half of a hexagon is connected. Part of the building is designed as a two-storey building and all parts are different in height. The hight of the designed building in its highest point is 13,5 metres. The load-bearing structure consists of glued laminated wood elements and raised wood with steel elements used as fasteners. The construction is designed alternatively from wood and steel. The static solution was made using the RFEM software.
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Mosher, Bryan C. "Failure Prediction of Adhesively Bonded Hardboard Doorskin Joints." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42867.
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Wood and wood based composites such as hardboard have become very common materials for use in non-structural applications, which include pre-finished paneling, siding, exterior trim, furniture, and door skins. This thesis describes the results of a study of the failure of hardboard door skins. Forces applied during manufacture load the door skins in bending, and in some cases cause a split at the edge of the hardboard. A finite element model as well as a closed form solution based on mechanics of materials were developed to analyze the stresses and deformations of the door skin/stile assembly so that stresses could be predicted for various stile widths and loading conditions. The wood members that make up the frame along the perimeter of the doors, or stiles, were modeled as orthotropic and their properties were selected from available literature. The hardboard was modeled as transversely isotropic, and its properties were determined experimentally. The closed form solution developed can be used to determine the critical geometry for different combinations of hardboard thickness and adhesive joint stiffness. It predicts that as the stile width decreases, the point of maximum deflection, and greatest stresses, moves toward the outside edge of the panel. The ability to predict the critical stile width, or the stile width below which the maximum deflection and stress occurs at the outside edge of the panel, allows one to design the joint to be able to withstand specific loadings and prevent unwanted delamination of the hardboard during manufacture.Master of Science
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Polerecká, Katarína. "Administrativní budova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392117.
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The aim of this thesis is design and assessment of the steel structure of the multi-storey administration center in Martin. Floor plan dimensions are in the shape of a square 40 x 40 m. Column spacing is 8mx8x. Building has 6 floors and total height is 22,2m. Floor and roof structure is made of steel-concrete composite slab . Part of the work is analyze two different versions. Version A has longitudinal rigidity due to truss bracing. Rigidity of Version B has is ensured by frame conections between beams and columns.Version A was selected as better solution. All parts, except truss braicing is made of rolled beams. The whole structure is made of steel S355.
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Liswell, Brian P. "Exploration of Wood DCB Specimens Using Southern Yellow Pine for Monotonic and Cyclic Loading." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9955.
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The primary direction of this thesis was towards exploring qualitative and quantitative characteristics necessary for refining and understanding the flat wood double cantilever beam (DCB) as a valid means for testing Mode I fracture energy in wood adhesive bonds. Southern yellow pine (SYP) adherends were used with epoxy and phenol formaldehyde (PF) impregnated films, providing two systems with different characteristics for investigation.
An adhesive penetration analysis was performed for both the epoxy and PF bonds. The PF penetration into the SYP was shown to be relatively shallow. The epoxy penetration was shown to be deeper. Epoxy-SYP DCBs were quasi-statically tested with varying widths (10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm), showing decreases in scatter of critical and arrest strain energy release rates, GIc and GIa, with increases in specimen width. Quasi-static fracture testing was also performed on PF SYP-DCBs, showing much higher critical and arrest fracture energy values than the epoxy-SYP DCBs, indicating that deep adhesive penetration is not necessarily a requisite for higher Mode I fracture energy values.
Grain distribution influences were computationally investigated because of the stiffness difference between latewood and earlywood growth and the grain angle along the length of the beams. The grain angle and the stiffness difference between latewood and earlywood growth caused the effective stiffness, (ExxI)eff, to vary along the length of the beam. The effective stiffness variation caused variations in the beam's ability to receive and store strain energy, complicating and confounding determination of experimental results.
Cyclic loading tests were performed on PF-SYP DCB's. The cycle frequency was 3Hz, with a valley to peak load ratio of R = 0.5. Specimen softening was observed with cycling, with re-stiffening occurring with crack growth. Contrary to expectations, specimen compliance occasionally decreased with small crack extensions. A toughening mechanism was frequently observed, whereby subsequent crack lengths required more cycles to failure than the previous crack length. Monotonically extending the crack length far from the fatigued region created a fresh crack that did not show the toughened behavior. But toughening did resume with subsequent crack lengths.Master of Science
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Ferrell, Monica Joy. "Flexural Behavior of Carbon/Epoxy IsoTruss Reinforced-Concrete Beam-Columns." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd695.pdf.
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Crafford, Philippus Lodewicus. "An investigation of selected mechanical and physical properties of young, unseasoned and finger-jointed Eucalyptus grandis timber." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80072.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a timber scarce country that will most probably experience a shortage of structural timber in the near future. In this study the concept of using young finger‐jointed Eucalyptus grandis timber was evaluated for possible application in roof truss structures while the timber is still in the green, unseasoned state. 220 finger‐jointed boards of cross‐sectional dimension 48 x 73 mm and 36 x 111 mm timber, cut from 5‐18 year old Eucalyptus grandis trees were obtained from Limpopo province, South Africa. The boards were manufactured using a polyurethane (PU) adhesive at moisture content levels above fibre saturation point and no drying was performed. The objectives of this study were to determine various mechanical and physical properties of this finger‐jointed product. More specifically (1) to determine the strength and stiffness potential of the product in the wet and the dry condition, (2) to evaluate physical properties such as density, warp, checking and splitting, (3) to evaluate potential indicator properties to be used as structural grading parameters, and (4) to compare the flexural properties to the current SA pine resource and SANS structural grade requirements. The boards were divided into two groups of the same size, which constituted the wet and the dry samples. Each sample was further separated into six different groups for testing the different strength and stiffness properties. The dry group was stacked in a green‐house for nine weeks until equilibrium moisture content was reached. Afterwards selected physical properties such as warp, checking and splitting were assessed. Destructive testing was conducted on the boards and the results were used to determine various mechanical properties. Finally, each board was assessed for density and moisture content (MC) values. The study showed that the young finger‐jointed Eucalyptus grandis timber had very good flexural properties. Both mean modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) 5th percentile strength values for wet and dry boards complied with the current SANS 10163‐1 (2003) requirements for grade S7.The values of tensile perpendicular to grain and compression perpendicular to grain strength did not conform to SANS requirements for grade S5. The other strength properties for the wet and dry groups complied with one of the three SANS structural grades. The 5 year old (48 x 73 mm) boards’ showed significantly higher levels of twist and checking compared to 11 year old boards of the same dimension. Only 46.3% of the finger‐jointed products conformed to the density requirements in SANS 1783‐2 (2004) for grade S7. There was a significant difference in density between the three age groups (5, 11 and 18 years) presented in this study. The variation in both MOE and MOR values of the fingerjointed product proved to be significantly lower in comparison to currently used SA pine sources. Based on the results from this study the concept of producing roof trusses from wet, unseasoned and finger‐jointed young Eucalyptus grandis timber has potential. However, additional research on a number of issues not covered in this study is still required for this product including full scale truss evaluations, proof grading, PU adhesive evaluation at elevated temperatures, nail plate load capacity, and the possible need for chemical treatment of the product against Lyctus beetles.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid Afrika is ‘n land wat waarskynlik ‘n tekort aan strukturele hout sal ervaar in die nabye toekoms. In hierdie studie word die gebruik van jong gevingerlasde Eucalyptus grandis hout vir die moontlike gebruik in dakstrukture, terwyl nat en ongedroog, ondersoek. 220 gevingerlasde planke van deursnit 48 x 73 mm en 36 x 111 mm gesaag van 5‐18 jaar‐oue Eucalyptus grandis bome en afkomstig van die Limpopo provinsie in Suid Afrika, is gebruik. Die produk is vervaardig met poli‐uretaan (PU) lym uit planke met vog inhouds vlakke bo veselversadigingspunt. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om verskeie meganiese en fisiese eienskappe van die vingerlas produk vas te stel. Meer spesifiek (1) om die sterkte en modulus van elastisiteit (MOE) potensiaal van die vingerlas produk in die nat en droë toestand te analiseer, (2) om die fisiese eienskappe soos digtheid, vervorming, oppervlakbarse en spleting te ondersoek, (3) om potensiële graderingsparameters te evalueer, en (4) om die buigeienskappe van die produk te vergelyk met SA dennehout asook die SANS strukturele graad vereistes. Die planke is verdeel in twee groepe, ‘n nat groep en ‘n droë groep. Elke groep is verder verdeel in ses kleiner groepe soos buig, trek en drukmonsters. Die droë groep was in ‘n kweekhuis geplaas vir nege weke totdat veselversadigingspunt bereik is. Daarna is geselekteerde fisiese eienskappe soos vervorming, oppervlak barse en spleting gemeet. Destruktiewe toetsing is uitgevoer op die planke en die resultate was gebruik om verskeie meganiese eienskappe vas te stel. Laastens is elke plank se digtheid en voggehalte gemeet. Die studie het getoon dat die jong gevingerlasde Eucalyptus grandis hout goeie buigeienskappe het. Beide die gemiddelde MOE en buig sterkte 5de persentiel waardes van die nat en droë groep het voldoen aan die huidige SANS 10163‐1 (2003) vereistes vir graad S7. Die sterkte‐eienskappe van loodregte trekkrag en loodregte druk het nie die vereistes vir SANS graad S5 gemaak nie. Die ander sterkte‐eienskappe van die nat en droë groep het voldoen aan een van die drie SANS strukturele graadvereistes. Die 5 jaar‐oue (48 x 73 mm ) planke het beduidend hoër vlakke van draai‐trek en oppervlakbarste getoon as die 11 jaar‐oue planke van dieselfe dimensie. Slegs 46.3% van die vingerlas produk het voldoen aan digtheidsvereistes vir SANS graad S7. Daar was ‘n beduidende verskil in dightheid tussen die drie ouderdomsgroepe (5, 11 en 18 jaar). Die MOE en buigsterkte‐waardes van die Biligom produk het beduidend laer variasie as huidige SA denne houtbronne getoon. Die resultate verkry in die studie toon dat die konsep om dakkappe te vervaardig van nat, gevingerlasde jong Eucalyptus grandis hout die potensiaal het om suksesvol toegepas te word. Bykomende navorsing oor ‘n aantal faktore wat nie in hierdie studie ingesluit is nie word steeds benodig. Dit sluit in ‘n volskaalse dakkap evaluasie, proefgradering, PU lym evaluasie by hoë temperature, spykerplaat ladingskapasiteit en die moontlike noodsaaklikheid van chemiese behandeling van die produk teen Lyctus kewers, insluit.
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Abrantes, Celso Antonio. "Determinação da carga crítica de instabilidade lateral no regime linear elástico, em vigas de madeira laminada colada (MLC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-21122012-085935/.
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O crescente aumento do uso de madeira laminada colada (MLC) em peças estruturais exige dos meios acadêmicos a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de teorias e rotinas de cálculo, que proporcionem suporte teórico para projetos estruturais que empreguem tal material. Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido em laboratório de modelos estruturais, um programa para o cálculo estrutural de vigas de madeira laminada colada (MLC), por meio do método dos elementos finitos para material ortotrópico e material isotrópico. Foram rompidas, em uma prensa universal, vigas de Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC), em escala natural, com e sem emendas nas lâminas, com a finalidade de comparação dos resultados assim obtidos, com os obtidos em modelos de cálculo existentes para vigas maciças de material isotrópico, como o método de cálculo da NBR 7190/97 e o método de cálculo da Teoria da Elasticidade (Timoshenko). Tais resultados também foram comparados com os resultados obtidos pelo método dos Elementos Finitos para materiais isotrópicos e ortotrópicos, acima citados. Para comparação entre as propriedades da madeira maciça e da madeira laminada colada, foram retirados corpos de prova das partes intactas das vigas sacrificadas, para realização de ensaios de cisalhamento na linha de cola e nas lâminas coladas, bem como corpos de prova para ensaios de flexão nas lâminas maciças das vigas de MLC. Para obtenção da tensão de ruptura a compressão paralela às fibras e do módulo de elasticidade, foram rompidos corpos de prova de 5cm x 5 cm x 15 cm. A comparação e análise dos resultados obtidos pelos procedimentos acima, levou à conclusão de que a madeira laminada colada (MLC), quando fabricada com cola estrutural, comporta-se como madeira maciça. Também foi possível observar que os modelos de cálculo empregando elementos finitos, ortotrópicos ou isotrópicos, reproduzem o comportamento de uma viga de madeira laminada colada. O modelo de cálculo da NBR 7190/97, pode ser empregado, mas apresenta resultados conservadores, a favor da segurança. Assim como o modelo de cálculo da Teoria da Elasticidade não deve ser empregado sem adaptação à madeira, pois apresentou resultados muito discrepantes. Os módulos de elasticidade da madeira maciça obtidos por ensaios de flexão e a partir do ensaio de compressão paralela às fibra, não representa o módulo de elasticidade representativo de uma viga de MLC. Da mesma forma a existência ou não de emendas nas lâminas, não altera os resultados.The increasing use of glued laminated timber in structural parts requires academic research and development of theories and calculation routines that provide theoretical support for structural designs employing such material. In this research was developed in the laboratory of structural models, a program for calculating structural glued laminated timber beams by the finite element method for orthotropic material and isotropic material. Were disrupted in a press universal beam of glued laminated wood in full scale with and without splices blades, for the purpose of comparison of the results thus obtained with those obtained in calculation models exist for solid beams material isotropic, as the method of calculating the NBR 7190/97 and the calculation method of the theory of elasticity (Timoshenko). These results were also compared with results obtained by the method of finite elements for isotropic and orthotropic materials, mentioned above. To compare the properties of solid wood and glued laminated timber, specimens were removed from intact parts of the broken beams for testing shear line glue and glued the layers, as well as specimens for bending tests blades massive beam. To obtain the tensile strength parallel to the compression of the fibers and elastic modulus were broken specimens with the dimensions 5 cm x 5 cm x 15 cm. The comparison and analysis of the results obtained by the above procedure led to the conclusion that the glued laminated wood when manufactured with structural adhesive, behaves as solid wood. It was also noted that the model calculations using finite elements, both isotropic and orthotropic represent the behavior of a beam of glued laminated wood. The calculation model of the NBR 7190/97, can be employed, but has conservative results, in favor of security. As the calculation model of the theory of elasticity should not be used without adjustment to the wood, because it showed very discrepant results. The modulus of elasticity of solid wood obtained by bending tests from test and compression parallel to the fiber, it is not the representative elastic modulus of a beam of glued laminated wood. Likewise, the presence or absence of amendments in the layers, does not change the results.
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Li, Yuqin. "Factors Affecting the Structural Integrity of Wood-Based Composites: Elevated Temperature and Adhesive Bonding." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102927.
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This study focuses on factors that affect the structural integrity of wood-based composites. Wood-based composites exposed to fire may decompose due to the elevated temperatures, resulting in a degradation in performance. Thermal modelling can only predict the structural integrity of construction materials in fire if it is given accurate inputs. Consequently, methods for the characterization of the thermal, physical, and mechanical behaviors of wood and wood-based composites are selected, designed, and benchmarked. The relevant thermal and physical responses characterized includes porosity, permeability and thermal diffusivity. Common construction materials (white pine board, medium density fiberboard and spruce 24) are characterized from room temperature to complete decomposition. The characterization techniques and processes are based on existing literature and relevant ASTM standards. To reduce the number of experiments required for future material characterization, estimates based upon the degree of decomposition and the measured values for the virgin and charred materials are used. For porosity and thermal diffusivity, these models allow values at intermediate temperatures to be estimated with measurements at room temperature and complete decomposition and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). We find that permeability depends heavily on the microstructure of materials and should be measured independently at the conditions of interest.
An additional important aspect of the performance of wood-based composites is the fracture behavior of wood/adhesive systems. Adhesive bonding enables many engineered wood products such as furniture and structural wood joints and the adhesive fracture toughness often determines the durability. The conventional characterization method for wood/adhesive fracture resistance relies on samples with machined grain angles designed to funnel cracks to the adhesive interface. This method of sample preparation is difficult and time-consuming for certain wood species. In this work, a practical and efficient method is developed to characterize adhesive fracture energy of adhesively bonded veneer systems. In the method, auxiliary aluminum adherends are bonded to the veneers in an effort to drive the crack to the wood/adhesive interface. The method is applied to rotary-peeled veneers and saw-cut veneers produced from three species of wood bonded with three commonly used adhesives. The new tests method yields a high interfacial failure rate and successfully identifies differences in the performance of the three adhesives. SPG (one species of the rotary-peeled veneers) demonstrates a rising R-curve behavior (an increase in the fracture toughness with crack length) when bonded on the loose side. This increase in fracture toughness is observed to be a result of adhesive-substrate interaction, which is a developing process zone behind the crack tip consisting of bridged wood ligaments.Doctor of Philosophy
Construction materials exposed to elevated temperatures from fires may reach temperatures where the material decomposes from the original material to a char. Protected and unprotected structural timber products exposed to fires may exhibit this behavior resulting in a degradation of performance. Understanding the thermal and physical responses of these materials is crucial in evaluating the materials behavior in fire. Additionally, many wood-based products (such as furniture) rely on adhesive bonds. Consequently, their usefulness is determined by the performance of those bonds. In this work, methods are developed to measure key properties impacting the behavior of wood-based systems at elevated temperatures, such as that experienced in fires and when they are subjected to forces attempting to debond one wood material from another. These techniques are demonstrated on common building materials (white pine board, medium density fiberboard and spruce 24) and wood veneers from three different species bonded with three different adhesives. Mathematical models are developed to expand the use of the data beyond the specific conditions for which it is measured.
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Nyberg, Kjell. "Utredning om andra tillämpningar än byggstommar för profilpressade träkompositer av OSB-material." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3687.
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Newbeam Sweden AB är ett ganska ungt företag som genom deras patent har börjat kunna pressa unika träkompositer i 3 dimensioner. Företaget ligger i startgroparna med sin första tillverkningslina som skall öppnas i Söderhamn, Hälsingland.
De själva har satsat mycket mot byggnadsindustrin. Min uppgift i detta arbete har varit att undersöka andra marknader med deras profi lpressade träkompositer som grund. Inriktningen blev butiksinredningar som ett resultat av researcharbetet som gjordes.
Intervjuer och undersökningar gav en bild av hur viktigt det är med användarvänlighet samt enkelhet och de två orden blev mitt motto arbetet igenom.
Resultatet av detta kom att bli lite mer än bara butiksinredningar.
Newbeam Sweden AB is a fairly young company which with their new patent are able to press unique wood composite in 3 dimensions. The company are about to start thier fi rst manufacturing line in Söderhamn, Hälsingland.
Their main target is to make components for house-constructions. My objective in this project has been to investigate other fi elds of interest with their 3 dimensional wood composite beams as buildingblocks.
From the research that was made, a focus towards stores and their furnish equipment came to be the concentration. Interviews and investigations gave a good picture of how important it is to off er easy-to-use and simplicity in constructions. Theese words became my motto during this project.
The result of my work came to be a little more than furnish equipment for stores.
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Eichhorn, Sven, Brit Clauß, Klaus Nendel, and Michael Gehde. "Entwicklung eines kompletten Trag- und Gleitprofils aus WPC (Wood Polymer Composite) für ein Hängefördersystem." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-129718.
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Aufbauend auf Forschungsarbeiten mit einer Hybridstruktur aus Aluminium und WPC (Wood Polymer Composite) werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungsschritte zur Synthese eines kompletten Tragprofils aus WPC vorgestellt. Dieses Tragprofil ist für den Einsatz in Hängefördersystemen vorgesehenBased on research with an sectional beam in hybrid design made from aluminium and WPC (Wood Polymer Composite), the important steps for developing a fully implemented sectional WPC-beam are presented. This sectional beam is intended for the use in an overhead conveying system
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Eichhorn, Sven, and Christine Schubert. "Component analysis of a fully implemented sectional WPC-beam with tribologic value as sliding rail utilized in a overhead conveyor system." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-153125.
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The sectional beam is the essential detail of an overhead conveyor. The construction element is stressed by time-varying mechanical and tribological loads. Here, we discuss the influence of the manufacturing process on the mechanical properties and the serviceability of the extruded profile in a selected application. The development of existing formulas and processing parameters are shown with the objective to expand the material application from WPC-decking to use in mechanical engineeringDas Tragprofil ist das zentrale Element in einem Hängefördersystem. Das Bauteil wird durch zeitlich veränderliche mechanische und tribologische Lasten beansprucht. Nachfolgend wird der Einfluss des Herstellungsprozesses auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Gebrauchsfähigkeit eines extrudierten Trag- und Gleitprofils aus WPC im gewählten Anwendungsfall vorgestellt. Die notwendige Weiterentwicklung bestehender Rezepturen und Verarbeitungsverfahren wird aufgezeigt, um den Anwendungsbereich des Werkstoffes WPC vom Bereich Terassendielen auf den Maschinenbau zu erweitern
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Ljiljana, Kozarić. "Vibracije izazvane ljudskim delovanjem kod spregnutih međuspratnih konstrukcija tipa drvo-laki beton." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Građevinski fakultet u Subotici, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101215&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U ovom radu ispitano je dinamičko ponašanje spregnutih međuspratnih konstrukcija tipa drvo-laki beton usled svakodnevnih ljudskih aktivnosti. Pri sanaciji, nadogradnji i seizmičkom ojačanju objekata na postojeće drvene međuspratne konstrukcije najčešće se izlivaju betonske ploče koje se sprežu sa postojećom konstrukcijom. Beton u gornjoj pločimeđuspratne konstrukcije povećava njenu krutost i time smanjuje setljivost na dinamičku pobudu. Potreba da se smanji dodatno opterećenje na postojeće temelje konstrukcije, dovodi do sve češće upotrebe lakog betona pri sanaciji i rekonstrukciji objekata. NJegovom primenom povoljni efekti sprezanja ostaju očuvani, a prednosti u vidu smanjenja dodatne težine dolaze do izražaja.Međutim, u dostupnoj literaturi, podataka o dinamičkom ponašanju spregnutih međuspratnih konstrukcija izvedenih sa lakim betonima malih zapreminskih masa nema, pa je cilj ovog rada bio da se ispitaju osnovne dinamičke karakteristike drvenih međuspratnih konstrukcija saniranih lakim betonom raznih zapreminskih težina. Analizirano je dinamičkoponašanje, odnosno sračunate su prve tri sopstvene frekvencije oscilovanja četiri međuspratne spregnute konstrukcije sa identičnim poprečnim presecima i spojnim sredstvima, ali sa različitom klasom zapreminske mase lakog betona u gornjoj betonskoj ploči. Preliminarnim laboratorijskim ispitivanjem relevantnih svojstava četiri vrste lakogbetona, monolitnog drveta i spojnih sredstava, koja su se koristila pri sprezanju drveta i lakog betona, dobijeni su potrebni ulazni podaci za numerička istraživanja. Za potrebe analitičkog istraživanja predložena je jednostavna metoda dinamičkog proračuna sopstvenih frekvencija oscilovanja elastično spregnutih konstrukcija. Tačnost rezultata predloženog dinamičkog proračuna potvđena je eksperimentalno, i poređenjemsa rezultatima programskog paketa Ansys.This work has examines dynamic behavior of composite wood-lightweight concrete floor structures exposed to normal everyday human activities. In a case of restoration, renovation or seismic reinforcement, the most common approach is to pour concrete slabs onto existing wooden floor structures. Concrete in the upper zone of floor structure is increasing its stiffness and thus reducing the dynamic excitation. In the attempt to reduce the weight on the existing foundations, lightweight concrete is used for restoration and renovation. Coupling effect remains undisturbed but added weight is significantly reduced when lightweight concrete is used.However, the available literature does not provide data about dynamic behavior of the composite wood-lightweight concrete floor structures; therefore the goal of this research work is to examine the characteristics of the restored wooden structures coupled with lightweight concrete of the different specific weights. This research work analyzes dynamic behavior that included first three frequencies of four composite floor structures with identical cross sections and connections, but different specific weights of the lightweight concrete in the upper layer of the concrete slab. Preliminary laboratory testing of four different types of the lightweight concrete, wood and connections, yielded necessary data for the further numeric analysis.Simple calculation method for obtaining mode frequencies of the partial composite structures has been proposed, for the purpose of this analytical research. The accuracy of the proposed dynamic model has been confirmed through experimental research and compared up against the results from the Ansys
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Elofsson, Elina, and Nicklas Bernlo. "Jämförelse av LVL-balk och lättbalk i mellanbjälklag : En studie för Moderna Trähus." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68568.
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Moderna Trähus vill undersöka möjligheten till att byta ut LVL-balk mot lättbalk men ändå bevara samma byggmetod. Metoden innebär att balkarna i mellanbjälklaget sänks med 30 mm under badrum. Rapporten presenterar LVL- och lättbalks egenskaper. Olika resultat från kostnadsberäkningar, hållfasthetsberäkningar och laborationstest baserat på standard EOTA TR002 presenteras i rapporten.Moderna Trähus will investigate the possibility of replacing the LVL-beams with light composite wood-based beams, yet preserving the same construction method. The method means that the beams in the intermediate floor will be taking down 30 mm under the bathroom. This report presents the characteristics of both LVL-and light composite wood-based beams. The report also present different results from cost calculations, strength calculations and laboratory test based on the standard EOTA TR002.
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Sorin, Edouard. "Fissuration en modes mixtes dans le bois : diagnostic et évaluation des méthodes de renforcement local." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0264/document.
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Cette thèse s’effectue au sein de l’université de Bordeaux. Ce projet concerne la construction en bois et en particulier la compréhension des phénomènes à l’origine des fissures dans les structures bois. L’un des objectifs étant de concevoir des méthodes efficaces de renforcement local pour les éléments de structure. Pour cela, l’étude se décompose en plusieurs étapes, la compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu dans la création des fissures sur des bois de construction. Ce travail s’orientera sur la modélisation de fissure en mode mixte, la recherche de solution de renforcement avec compréhension fine de l’impact de types de renforts sur la propagation de la fissure. Cette étude sera accompagnée d’une campagne d’essais, afin de vérifier l’efficacité des renforcements choisis et d’identifier l’impact de l’effet d’échelle sur les modèle de prédiction. Des essais de grandes dimensions seront donc réalisés pour mieux appréhender les effets de groupes et les effets d’échelle sur du matériau d’emploi. On vise ensuite à définir des outils prédictifs de la résistance des systèmes renforcés et de moyens de contrôles pour les Plan d’Assurance QualitéThe purpose of reinforcing assemblies and structural elements inwood is to overcome the resistance limits of the material, by transferring greaterefforts in areas which can lead to premature cracking in structures. The reinforcementsused can be made of steel, composite materials or wood. Their hook can bemechanical (screwed bodies) or by adhesion (structural bonding like glued-in rodsfor example). In both cases, the transfer of solicitations remains poorly known, andthe effect of the beginning and the deflection of crack are not well apprehended. Inengineering techniques, the wood resistance in the reinforced area is neglected, whichis in line with the precautionary principle. Currently, the scientific investigations areinterested in the resistance of those kind of techniques without considering the interactionsbetween the quasi-brittle behavior of the wood and the reinforcementswhich govern the gain in mechanical performance. However, these solutions can leadto a failure caused by the progressive splitting of the wood and the anchor loss ofthe reinforcement. So it seems accurate to propose predictions of the short-termstrength for splitting of reinforced and unreinforced beams, which can be used tofurther exploration of the long-term failure mechanism. That is why, in this study, aglobal prediction model of the ultimate strength of structural components subjectedto splitting, reinforced and unreinforced ones, was developed. It considers the quasibrittlebehavior of the wood and crack propagation in mixed mode, using a mixinglaw established on the R-curves. The relevance of this modeling was then comparedto the current dimensioning methods of the Eurocodes 5, for notched beams, withexperimental campaigns conducted at different scales
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Naiser, Jaromír. "Sportovní hala se zázemím a restaurací, Valašské Klobouky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226415.
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This thesis covers brand new detached sports hall with facilities and restaurants in Walnut Klobouky. Sports hall has a floor partly sunk below the surface, contains grandstand for 340 spectators. The second part, ie background sports hall is in the basement, the ground floor is a restaurant kitchen. The building is designed in plan shape of two rectangles. The roof is gabled and desk. Cladding the halls are ventilated, part of the facilities and restaurants are contact-insulated. Staff restaurant facilities are located in the floor, engine room ventilation are 3, in the hall, first underground floor and first floor. The heat exchanger is designed, which is applied hot water. The finish consists of ceramic tiles in the lobby is used double wood board flooring. The supporting structure consists of prefabricated unit first underground floor SPIROLL.
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Kihl, Hilma, and Simon Källberg. "Simulated Laser Triangulation with Focus on Subsurface Scattering." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178132.
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Practical laser triangulation sessions were performed for each measurement object to obtain ground truth data. Three methods for laser line simulations were implemented: reshaping the built-in light sources of Blender, creating a texture projector and approximating a Gaussian beam as a light emitting volume. The camera simulation was based on the default camera of Blender together with settings from the physical camera. Three approaches for creating wood material were tested: procedural texturing, using microscopic image textures to create 3D-material and UV-mapping high resolution photograph onto the geometry. The blister package was simulated with one material for the pills and another for the semi-transparent plastic packaging. A stand-alone Python script was implemented to simulate anisotropic/directed subsurface scattering of a point laser in wood. This algorithm included an approach for creating vector fields that represented subsurface scattering directions. Three post-processing scripts were produced to simulate sensor noise, blurring/blooming of the laser line and lastly to apply simulated speckle patterns to the laser lines. Sensor images were simulated by rendering a laser line projected onto a measurement object. The sensor images were post-processed with the three mentioned scripts. Thousands of sensor images were simulated, with a small displacement of the measurement object between each image. After post-processing, these images were combined to a single scattering image. SICK IVP AB provided the algorithms needed for laser centre extraction as well as for scattering image creation.Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet
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Cejpek, Martin. "Ocelová konstrukce vícepodlažní administrativní budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371829.
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The main target is to design and asses the steel structure of a administartive multi-storey building. The steel structure is T shaped, with 30m span and 42m length. An analysis of two solutions of the supporting structure was performed. The first variant is consists of rigid bracing system. Trusses bracing in the second variant is an alternative solution. Both variants were compared and the amount of steel was found. The selected option was developed in greater details with static calculation, drawings and material report of steel.
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Gustavsson, Victor, and Hagenius Fabian. "En kapacitetsjämförelse mellan stålförstärktaträbalkar, limträ och konstruktionsvirke." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45418.
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Purpose: Throughout the years numerous studies have been made that concludes thatcombining steel and wood results in improved strength. Under optimal conditions woodis an effective structural material, as it’s both cheap and durable. Steel on the other handunder right circumstances has considerably higher strength than wood. To combinewood and steel has over the last years gathered more attention. Studies shows thathybrid structures can lead to an economical advantage when building multiple storeybuildings, as it can replace or complete pure steel frames. The purpose of this paper isto increase the knowledge and understanding of how steel and wood cooperate and tofind out the advantages and disadvantages of using a flitched beam, as well as compareit’s strength to structural wood and glulam.Method: The paper comprises a quantitative study with two different kinds of datacollection methods, Literature studies and calculations. The literature study consists ofscientific papers and papers published by known institutions and will help the paperanswer the first issue. The calculations has been made with the help of Tekla Tedds,which follows the Eurocode design principles. Which will help the authors answer bothof the papers issues.Findings: The paper has found that the flitch beam has improved strength overstructural wood and glulam, but a significantly higher price. The flitch beam also has amuch higher self weight than structural wood and glulam. The flitch beam can also spanlonger than structural wood and glulam with the same applied load.Implications: The study have concluded that it’s hard to motivate the usage of flitchedbeams in floor designs as they have such high price. The flitch beam has higher strengththan both structural wood and glulam. Which makes the flitch beam a good option asload bearing beam that requires slim dimensions. The added strength of the flitch beamcan motivate the high price under the right circumstances.Limitations: The paper has limited the calculations to an enclosed environment andwill not take moisture or any other type of exposure in to account, As a dry indoorenvironment is optimal for both steel and wood. The calculations the paper uses arebased on Eurocode and all other forms of dimension principles will not be taken intoaccount.Syfte: Genom åren har forskning gjorts som tyder på att när man kombinerar stål ochträ kommer det bidra till en ökad hållfasthet. Under optimala förhållande är trä ettotroligt effektivt och bra alternativ inom byggande då det är billigt och tåligt. Närstålbalkar däremot placeras i optimala förhållande kan de bibehåll betydligt mer ochstörre krafter än vad trävirke kan göra. Att kombinera stål och trä har de senaste årethaft ett ökat intresse. Studier visar att hybridbalkar kan vara till stor ekonomisk fördelvid byggnation av flervåningshus, då det kan ersätta eller komplettera rena stålstommar.Syftet med arbete är att öka kunskapen och förståelsen för hur stål och trä samverkarsamt ta reda på för och nackdelar hos de stålförstärkta träbalkarna samt jämföra deraslastkapacitet med konstruktionsträ- och limträbalkar.Metod: Arbetet omfattar en kvantitativ studie där två typer av datainsamlingsmetoderhar använts. Dessa två typer är beräkningar samt litteraturstudier. Litteraturstudienbestår av vetenskapliga artiklar som har hjälpt besvara en av frågeställningarna.Beräkningarna har använts för att besvara båda frågeställningarna, de har gjorts idimensioneringsprogrammet Tekla tedds som följer alla Eurocodes beräknings- ochdimensioneringsregler.Resultat: Resultaten visar på att den stålförstärkta träbalken har högre kapacitet änlimträ och konstruktionsvirke, både med hänsyn till nedböjning och brott men betydligthögre pris och egentyngd. Den stålförstärkta träbalken klarar även av längrespännvidder vid samma belastning.Konsekvenser: Utifrån de resultat rapporten kommit fram till är det svårmotiverat attanvända sig av de stålförstärkta balkarna i bjälklag på grund av det höga priset Denstålförstärkta träbalken klarar dock av högre laster än vad konstruktionsvirke och limträgör, vilket kan göra balken användbar som avväxlingsbalk. Att använda denstålförstärkta träbalken som avväxlingsbalk kan motivera det höga priset då den kanhålla mindre dimensioner än limträ och konstruktionsvirke vilket kan vara önskvärt iolika sammanhang.Begränsningar: De begränsningar som sattes för rapporten var att utesluta alla typerav miljörisker på balkarna som tillexempel fukt och solljus vid beräkningarna, då entorrmiljö är en optimal miljö för både trä och stål. Beräkningarna som arbetet baseraspå grundar sig på Eurocodes dimensioneringsregler. Andra typer av dimensioneringsprinciper har uteslutits.
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Záleský, Radek. "Sportovní centrum Fit4You." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226672.
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This master‘s thesis deals with the design documentation Fit4You sports center. The new building is located in the district of the City of Brno in the cadastral Brno – Líšeň. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete skeleton system with ceramic masonry infill with two floors. Part of the building with the sports hall is roofed with arched trusses made of laminated wood. The second part of the building with facilities for the hall is roofed with a flat floor.
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Štelc, Martin. "Sportovní hala." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227647.
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This diploma thesis deals with the design expertise and supporting structures the single-roof sports hall for locality Brno. The ground plan dimensions are 42 x 72 m and ground clearance of about eight meters. Two variants are processed and selected variant is elaborated in detail. The sports hall is designed for most sports played indoors. In a static calculation are designed and assessed the main load-bearing elements such as truss glued laminated timber, wooden purlins, columns, girts and bracing. The work includes drawings.
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Němec, Ondřej. "Energeticky efektivní horská chata." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227148.
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Master´s thesis is based on the design of energy efficient huts in the mountain resort Čenkovice . The specified property is currently located existing building mountain rescue . Land is the bigger size , medium steep , overgrown with trees higher . The existing building is of timber construction and is already inadequate to the needs of mountain rescue . The concept of the new HS object is to achieve the lowest power consumption of utility power to operate the building and to endeavor the least possible burden on the environment during construction. The new building is designed largely from natural materials , mostly of wood that form the supporting structure and it is well insulated. The house is rectangular in shape , with 2 floors and galleries. The first floor serves HS , second floor stay for ski school instructors . The rooms are oriented to the southwest side . The building uses solar energy to power and ventilation is forced.
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Woytela, Jindřich. "Hlavní budova vlakového nádraží." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371951.
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The subject of my thesis is the design the main building of the railway station, which is located in the city of Kuřim, at the level of documentation for construction. The new building is located in the cadastre unit Kuřim. This is a two floors with partial basement building irregular rectangular shape with parking for traveler. The structural system is consists of wooden BSH beam and placed on them wooden CLT panel for walls, floor and flat roofs. Design of the main building of the railway station respects established requirements.
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Kamrádová, Michaela. "Lesní vyhlídková věž v Beskydech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372142.
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Topic of this Master's Thesis is a design and a statical evalution of a load bearing structure of an observation tower in Beskydy mountains. Ground plan of this structure is in a shape of a nonagon with a non-roofed interior space. Height of the observation tower is 38,5 m, the shape of a ground plan doesn't change with a radius of a circumscribed circle of 12 m. The structure is designed from glued laminated timber, solid wood and steel. Columns bear horizontal beams and their stiffness is ensured by horizontal and inclined reinforcing beams. Main load bearing columns, upper and lower beams are designed from glued laminated timber GL24h. Upper beams and beams of a gallery are designed from glued laminated timber GL36h. Horizontal stiffener is designed from solid wood C24. Central column, inclined beams, stairway, water slide cantilevers, rod and central rod are designed from steel of a strength class S235. Cantilever for gallery is designed from steel of a strength class S355. Connections are designed from steel elements. Statical evaluation, technical report and construction drawing are included
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Lecián, Martin. "Dřevěná rozhledna." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265701.
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The master's thesis deals with design and static assessment of loadbearing structure the timber viewtower on the hill Hostyn. The shape of the structure is very close oblate spheroid. Towers plan shape is a regular octagon whose outer diameter varies along the height. Tower in the footing and in the top measure 10,5 meters, at mid-height measure 6.5 meters. The height of the viewtower is 35 meters and view floor is located at a height of 30.5 meters. The main structure of tower consists outer towers curved wooden columns and interior steel column. Columns support the horizontal beams and bracing provide rigidity of the structure. The roof has a pyramid shape towers and tends to 17 °. Outer columns are designed from glued laminated wood GL24h, others carrying wooden beam are designed from solid timber C24 steel rods are designed from steel S235. Connections are solved using steel components. The work includes structural calculation, technical report and drawings.
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Růžička, Jiří. "Polyfunkční koncový dům v Karlových Varech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265694.
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The project solves a multifunctional Duma building in a vacant lot, contemplated the construction site is located in Carlsbad, in the street Vyhlíce. This is a protected site spa. Part of the project's layout and structural design of the house. It is a six-storey house with an attic and a basement floor. It is designed as a free-standing in the gap as the final house. The layout is divided into two complete units with their own input. There are spaces for business and residential units for permanent housing. Part of the living area are also room house equipment. Inputs to both parts are wheelchair accessible. The house is not wheelchair The house is designed as a brick building of brick masonry Porotherm the module dimensions of 250 (125) mm with reinforced concrete ceilings. Roofed by a hipped roof. The house is located on a private plot of 519 m2 built-up area of 221 m2. The land is gently sloping. The main orientation of the building to the cardinal's east and west. The south wall is adjacent to the neighboring house.
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Macháčková, Eva. "Vícepodlažní dřevostavba." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226117.
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Master’s thesis deals with complete project documentation of newly built object of library and mediatheque located on the site in České Budějovice. It is a three-storey building divided into three parts, one-storey, two-storey and three-storey. It is partly basement. The underground part is devoted to main storage spaces of library services, management offices and social facilities for staff (toilets, changing rooms, washrooms). This part of the building has own entrance for employees. In the 1st floor is located the main library area along with exhibition spaces and the main entrance for visitors with self service cloakroom. In the 2nd floor are designed library spaces for visually impaired persons with fund of audio books, CDs and DVDs, a lecture hall with a projector and own kitchen and space for reading magazines and periodicals. From this floor is possible access to the outdoor terrace, which has own terrace furniture store nearby. In the 3rd floor is located a literary café with its own facilities. In each floor are also designed sanitary facilities for use by persons with limited ability of movement and orientation. All floors are connected by stairs and passenger lifts. In terms of construction, the building is designed as a frame, in the underground parts made of reinforced concrete, the overhead of glued laminated timber elements. The ceiling structure designed over the underground floor is monolithic reinforced concrete slab. The ceilings in the upper part are designed as a wooden beamed made of the glued laminated timber elements. The building has a pent roof created by wooden trusses assembled with punched metal plate fasteners. The foundations are designed as belts and footings. The study, detailed documentation, thermal-technical evaluation of selected structures and fire safety of the building are processed. For processing of the thesis were used software AutoCAD 2010, Teplo 2011, Area 2011, Ztráty 2011 and Fire NX 802 PRO.
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Myška, Jan. "Sportovní a kulturní areál, Otradov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240083.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the preparation of project documentation for the implementation of new sports and cultural centre Otradov. The dominant feature of the complex objects stands and multipurpose hall. The building is architecturally designed with an effort to fit in too much of rural architecture. Multipurpose hall has two floors, one third roofed flat roof, two-thirds of the roof ridge. The core system is aerated concrete blocks. The building is two-storey grandstand with the carrier deck. Roofing is solved by means of broken wooden beams. Sanitary facilities is dealt wall system and roofed shed roof. Athletics track, the surface of the polyurethane mixture designed for sports.
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Maamouri, Mahmoud. "Reliability of wood trusses." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19080752.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-104).
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Shrestha, Deepak Kumar. "Fire endurance modeling of metal-plate connected wood trusses." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28275961.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-162).
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Horng, Yii-Jieh, and 洪乙介. "Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Combined Beam and Trusses Structure." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19251603342904501195.
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