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Journal articles on the topic 'Beam trusses of wood'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Skowroński, Wojciech, and Bohdan Stawiski. "Ultrasonic evaluation regarding the effects of biological corrosion of historical roof trusses." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928407006.

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For many years work has been performed to obtain sufficiently accurate correlation between the results of ultrasonic tests and the results of strength tests for evaluation of the strength parameters of wood in a structure. It is also important to ensure the development of methods which will facilitate the work of construction mycologists; that is, non-invasive methods of determining the volume of missing materials caused by biological corrosion. The study presents the idea of the objective examination of the thickness of a corroded layer by measuring the velocity of ultrasonic pulse along the fibre length using for this spot heads with thin waveguides. Another testing method presented in the study is controlling the velocity of ultrasonic wave in the direction tangential to annual growth rings by conducting tests on the corner of the corroded beam.

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2

Zhou, Jiale, Chuanxi Li, Lu Ke, Jun He, and Zhifeng Wang. "Experimental Study on Loading Capacity of Glued-Laminated Timber Arches Subjected to Vertical Concentrated Loads." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (May 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7987414.

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Glued-laminated timber arches are widely used in gymnasiums, bridges, and roof trusses. However, studies on their mechanical behaviours and design methods are still insufficient. This paper investigates the in-plane loading capacity of circular glued-laminated timber arches made of Douglas fir. Experiments were conducted on four timber-arch models with different rise-to-span ratios under concentrated loads at mid-span and quarter-point locations. The structural responses, failure modes, and loading capacity of the timber arch specimens were obtained. The results show that the timber arches presented symmetric and antisymmetric deformation under mid-point and quarter-point loading conditions, respectively. The downward shifting of the neutral axis of the cross section was observed under mid-point loading condition, which contributes to higher loading capacity compared to that under quarter-point loading condition. The loading condition significantly affects the ultimate loads and the strain distribution in the cross section. Based on the design formula in current standards for timber structures, an equivalent beam-column method was introduced to estimate the loading capacity of the laminated timber arches under vertical concentrated loads. The moment amplification factor in the formula was compared and discussed, and the value provided in the National Design Specification for Wood Construction was recommended with acceptable accuracy.

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3

Djara, Eugenius, Natalia Peni, and Maria Trisna Sero Wondo. "EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA NGADHU DAN BHAGA DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA UBEDOLUMOLO KABUPATEN NGADA." JUPIKA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA 4, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/jupika.v4i1.846.

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This study aims to determine: (1) to identify the structure of ngadhu and bhaga in Ubedoulumolo Village of Ngada District. (2) Explain the relation of ngadhu and bhaga to mathematics learning in school. The research method used is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of this study consisted of three informants (pengu chief, and traditional elders of pengu and gelo tribe). Using observation and interview techniques, supported by documentation, and using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed ngadhu and bhaga has related to mathematics, that is the geometry concept. The geometry concept found in ngadhu is: (1) pole ngadhu (made of sebu tree) in the form of a tube; (2) base of ngadhu is composed of a stone in a circle; (3) the roof of ngadhu (material of reeds and palm fibre) in the shape of a cone; (4) bhenga (2 roof support posts) in the form of a beam; (5) mangu (NOK pole) shaped beam; (6) sobhe (head ngadhu made of bamboo) shaped tube; (7) paja (roof truss of bamboo) formed triangle, rectangles, trapezoid. The geometry concept in the bhaga building are: (1) bhaga in the form of the beam; (2) roof (made of reeds) in the shape of a trapezoid and triangular prism; (3) pole shape of beams and tubes; (4) Ube (wall made of plank wood fai) shape of the rectangle; (5) Dawu (arranged boards) with carvings in the form of circles and triangle; (6) Soku bhotha and soku wi’i ( as a roof truss made of bamboo) shape tube rectangle, square and triangle. Geometry forms that exist in the ngadhu and bhaga in the Ubedolumolo Village are lines, angles, triangle, square, rectangle, trapezoid, circle, beam. Tube, cone and triangular prism.

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4

Aliyeva, Sevda, and Mahmud Ismayilov. "RESEARCH OF THE WAVE FACTOR INFLUENCING HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 05, no. 01 (January 20, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm0501202081.

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It is known that a large block of deep-sea foundations consists of a truss sheathed with wood, a metal beam system, floating structures and four pyramidal metal blocks with a truss structure. The design characteristics of the foundations of oil platforms depend on the conditions under which the vertical interaction, along with the calculation of permanent and temporary loads, is accompanied by the specific gravity of drilling equipment and rigs or horizontal wind pressure, as well as the influence of horizontal wave loads on the foundation blocks. Horizontal waves and wind loads can be constant and variable in different conditions, therefore the effect of each of these loads on the device must be considered separately. To determine the wave pressure acting on the support blocks of stationary offshore installations, SN-92-60 was used under the editorship of the team of authors under the leadership of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor N.N.Tsunkov. Keywords: hydraulic structures, wave factor, wave pressure, wave profile, pressure diagrams, 3D model.

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5

Bulleit, William M., and James L. Yates. "Probabilistic Analysis of Wood Trusses." Journal of Structural Engineering 117, no. 10 (October 1991): 3008–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3008).

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6

Kristie, Richard J., and Arne P. Johnson. "Investigating and Repairing Wood Bowstring Trusses." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 1, no. 1 (February 1996): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(1996)1:1(25).

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7

Karacabeyli, Erol, Conroy Lum, and Link Olson. "Strength and stiffness of glulam trusses with punched metal plated joints." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-079.

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Several Canadian wood truss manufacturers expressed a need to develop technical information to initiate the fabrication and acceptance of wood trusses made with glued-laminated timber (glulam) members and connected by punched metal plates. In collaboration with industrial participants, Forintek Canada Corp. developed a program for testing and analysis of metal plated glulam trusses. Twelve 3/12 pitched chord trusses and three parallel chord trusses, all 13.7 m long, were designed by three different plate manufacturers. All truss fabrication took place at a single truss manufacturing plant. Trusses composed of 79 mm wide and 152-229 mm deep glulam members connected by 16-gauge punched metal plates were tested to failure. The ratio of ultimate to design load averaged 3.5, and varied between 2.7 and 4.4. Both wood and plate failure modes were observed. The results suggest that the sizes of glulam members used in this study are structurally suitable for use with 16-gauge metal connector plates. Key words: wood, trusses, glued-laminated timber, truss plates, strength, stiffness.

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8

Zhang, Liuliu, Cheng Chang, and Shuming Yang. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WOOD DOWELS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIANGULAR GIRDER TRUSSES." WOOD RESEARCH 66(3) 2021 66, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.3.477488.

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Static load tests were carried out on three kinds of triangular girder trusses with different diameter wood dowels, and the effects of that on the structure of girder trusses were discussed. It was found that there was a good synergy between the wood dowels and the girder trusses. Among the triangular girder trusses with different diameters, the 16 mm diameters had the best energy dissipation performance increased by 184% and deformation resistance of 0.73 mm; the 20 mm diameters had the best stability performance, the better bearing capacity of 60.42 kN and deformation resistance of 0.82 mm. The bearing capacity of the double girder trusses was 2.06-2.25 times that of two single trusses, which had the ability to ‘one plus one is greater than two’.

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9

Giltner, Brian, and Aslam Kassimali. "Equivalent Beam Method for Trusses." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 5, no. 2 (May 2000): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2000)5:2(70).

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10

Yu, Tian Lai, Xin Yu Li, Qiang Ma, and Zhen Jiang. "Study on the Method for Calculating Shear Strength of RC Beams Strengthened with Externally Prestressed Wire Rope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1442.

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Through shear test data analysis of 13 RC beams Strengthened with externally prestressed wire rope, shear failure mechanism was elaborated, and shear bearing capacity of reinforced beams were not only calculated respectively by truss -arch model and other simplified calculation methods, but also were compared with test data. Based on the result of comparation, shear capacity calculation method of RC beam Strengthed with externally prestressed wire rope was discussed. The analysis results show that the mechanism of the wire rope shear externally prestressed reinforced concrete beams against the shear is similar with stirrups inside beam. When the shear span ratio is less than 2.7, the static average ratio of the truss-arch model shear capacity caculation value and tested value is 1.02, and standard deviation statistics is 0.07. In another word, calculation value agree with experimental value. When the shear span ratio is larger than 2.7, the calculation value is bigger than test.

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11

Gasparini, Dario, Kamil Nizamiev, and Jim Berilla. "Long-Term Behavior of Posttensioned Wood Howe Trusses." Journal of Structural Engineering 146, no. 7 (July 2020): 04020112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002655.

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12

Salinas, J. J., R. G. Gillard, and K. C. McMartin. "Strength and structural safety of long-span light wood roof trusses. Reliability analysis using safety index." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-012.

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The results of the full-scale testing, previously carried out, of 75 light wood trusses are analysed to evaluate their compliance with strength and serviceability requirements. Size effects were studied considering span length and chord size. Test data were grouped into 15 case studies according to span lengths, chord size, and mode of failure. For the study of a strength limit state, the safety index, β, was calculated for a range of values of the ratio of maximum lifetime to nominal snow load. For the study of a serviceability limit state, the safety index was calculated for a range of values of allowable mid-span deflection as a function of the span. A size effect was observed for both span length and chord size. Short-span trusses with small chords exhibited acceptable levels of safety when their strength safety index is compared with recommended target values. Long-span trusses with large chords, with an improved heel joint detail, exhibited values of β slightly below target values. All trusses showed acceptable levels for the safety index for the serviceability limit state. Key words: safety index, serviceability, size effect, strength, structural reliability, wood trusses.

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13

Underwood, C. R., and F. E. Woeste. "Conceptual Model for Temporary Bracing of MPC Wood Trusses." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 5, no. 1 (February 2000): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2000)5:1(36).

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14

Malanga, Robert. "Fire endurance of lightweight wood trusses in building construction." Fire Technology 31, no. 1 (February 1995): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01305267.

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15

Sibilla, Luboš, Milan Vlček, Karel Struhala, and Pavel Kříž. "Influence of Orientation of Building on Indoor Conditions in a Roof Truss." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.267.

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Protection of historical roof trusses is an important part of efforts to protect our cultural heritage. These timber structures carry a lot of information about used tools, technologies or construction processes. Roof trusses are generally threatened by many dangers, which could cause irreparable damage and loss of the carried information. Wood destroying insects and fungi are the gravest threat to historical roof trusses in our climatic conditions. Their spreading depends on several specific (interior) conditions. These include critical moisture content in the wood, relative humidity, amount of natural light and ventilation. In addition to these commonly monitored parameters (and their critical levels) we also must not forget the influence of local geography, biotope or orientation to the cardinal. This paper describes temporal fluctuations of some of the mentioned physical parameters in a historical roof truss with regard to external climatic conditions and orientation to the cardinal.

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16

Sibilla, Luboš, Milan Vlček, Karel Struhala, and Pavel Kříž. "Evaluation of the Dependence of the Parameters of Internal Environment of Wooden Truss on the Orientation of the Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.287.

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Historical wooden trusses carry a lot of information about used tools, technologies or construction processes. Unfortunately they are generally threatened by many dangers, which could cause irreparable damage and loss of the carried information. Protection of historical roof trusses is an important part of efforts to protect our cultural heritage. Wood destroying insects and fungi are the most serious threats to historical roof trusses in our climatic conditions. Their spreading depends on several specific (interior) conditions. These include critical moisture content in the wood, relative humidity, temperature, etc. In addition to these commonly monitored parameters (and their critical levels) we also must not forget the influence of local geography, biotope or orientation to the cardinal. This paper describes temporal fluctuations of some of the mentioned physical parameters in a historical roof truss (in Brno, Czech Republic) with regard to external climatic conditions and orientation to the cardinal.

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17

Bender, Donald A., and Frank E. Woeste. "Creep Deflection in Design of Metal Plate–Connected Wood Trusses." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 16, no. 1 (February 2011): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000079.

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18

Bouldin, John C., Joseph R. Loferski, and Daniel P. Hindman. "Inspection of Metal Plate–Connected Wood Trusses in Residential Construction." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 19, no. 2 (May 2014): 04014009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000195.

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19

Leichti, Robert, Isabelle Hofacker, Ping Cheng, and Thomas McLain. "T-Bracing for Stability of Compression Webs in Wood Trusses." Journal of Structural Engineering 128, no. 3 (March 2002): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2002)128:3(374).

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20

Rittenburg, Kathleen A. Wills, and Sashi K. Kunnath. "Deflection of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses with Nontriangulated Openings." Journal of Structural Engineering 129, no. 11 (November 2003): 1546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2003)129:11(1546).

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21

Pantelides, C. P., P. Romero, and L. D. Reaveley. "Rehabilitation of splice connections of wood trusses with FRP composites." Construction and Building Materials 24, no. 1 (January 2010): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.007.

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22

Sibilla, Luboš, Milan Vlček, Karel Struhala, and Pavel Kříž. "Analysis of Damage to the Historic Roof Truss in Terms of Internal Environment." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.341.

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The main threats that endanger the historical roof trusses in our geographical conditions are wood decaying fungi and wood destroying insects. For these threats to occur and spread across the historical roof truss, several criteria have to be fulfilled within the indoor environment. These critical criteria include wood moisture, relative humidity, amount of daylight and airflow. In addition to these monitored parameters and their critical values, we must not forget the impact of local geographical specifications and wider dependencies. This article is focuses on comparison of theoretical knowledge in this area with in-situ measurements of historical roof trusses on several reference buildings – churches and chapels in Southern Moravia. These were chosen due to their long-lasting nature and circumstances of the construction. The influence of specific local conditions (especially indoor environment) on the extent of damage is also examined in addition to general comparison.

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23

Kim, Tae-Woo, Bin Ha, and Sang-Sik Jang. "The Strength and Applications of OSB Gusset Trusses for Field Assembly." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 42, no. 6 (November 25, 2014): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2014.42.6.708.

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24

Tighnavard Balasbaneh, Ali, Abdul Kadir Bin Marsono, and Emad Kasra Kermanshahi. "Balancing of life cycle carbon and cost appraisal on alternative wall and roof design verification for residential building." Construction Innovation 18, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-03-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluation for single story building house in Malaysia. Two objective functions, namely, LCA and LCC, were evaluated for each design and a total of 20 alternatives were analyzed. Two wall schemes that have been adopted from two different recent studies toward mitigation of climate change require clarification in both life cycle objectives. Design/methodology/approach For this strategic life cycle assessment, Simapro 8.3 tool has been chosen over a 50-year life span. LCC analysis was also used to determine not only the most energy-efficient strategy, but also the most economically feasible one. A present value (PV)-based economic analysis takes LCC into account. Findings The results will appear in present value and LC carbon footprint saving, both individually and in combination with each other. Result of life cycle management shows that timber wall−wooden post and beam covered by steel stud (W5) and wood truss with concrete roof tiles (R1) released less carbon emission to atmosphere and have lower life cycle cost over their life span. W5R1 releases 35 per cent less CO2 emission than the second best choice and costs 25 per cent less. Originality/value The indicator assessed was global warming, and as the focus was on GHG emissions, the focus of this study was mainly in the context of Malaysian construction, although the principles apply universally. The result would support the adoption of sustainable building for building sector.

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25

Mec, Pavel, Jana Daňková, and Tereza Murínová. "Modeling of Historical Timber Roof Truss of Želiv Monastery." Advanced Materials Research 688 (May 2013): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.688.201.

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Historical timber roof trusses are illustration of carpentry skills of an old era. Complexity of created structures is problem even in nowadays full usage of computer aided design. Especially in area of modeling joints and interaction of structural elements are ambiguities and inaccurate interpretations. The above issue is illustrated on 300 years old timber roof truss in Želiv monastery. The structure is Queen post shape with main trusses and secondary trusses. Especially static modeling of main trusses is problematic and difficult with utilization of beam or truss elements. Complex static model shows stiffness properties of joints as well as resistance of the whole truss structure against to climate loads and loads from rehabilitation intervention like replacement of roofing.

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26

Kagan, Harvey A. "Common Causes of Collapse of Metal‐Plate—Connected Wood Roof Trusses." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 7, no. 4 (November 1993): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1993)7:4(225).

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27

Bennett, Richard M., Kenneth E. Fricke, and Paul M. Winistorfer. "Splice Failures in Split-Ring Connected Wood Roof Trusses: Case Study." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 14, no. 3 (August 2000): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2000)14:3(97).

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28

R. Gupta, K. G. Gebremedhin, and J. R. Cooke. "Analysis of Metal-Plate-Connected Wood Trusses with Semi-rigid Joints." Transactions of the ASAE 35, no. 3 (1992): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28695.

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29

Hoq, S. M. Ashfaqul, and Johnn P. Judd. "Wind Design Procedures for Wood Roof Trusses of Low-Rise Structures." Journal of Architectural Engineering 26, no. 3 (September 2020): 04020030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000425.

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30

Liu, Xiaoqin, and Frank Lam. "Reliability Analysis of Lateral Bracing Forces in Metal-Plated Wood Trusses." Journal of Structural Engineering 143, no. 12 (December 2017): 04017171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001908.

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31

Kromoser, Benjamin, Matthias Braun, and Maximilian Ortner. "Construction of All-Wood Trusses with Plywood Nodes and Wooden Pegs: A Strategy towards Resource-Efficient Timber Construction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062568.

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Timber truss systems are very efficient load-bearing structures. They allow for great freedom in design and are characterised by high material use in combination with a low environmental impact. Unfortunately, the extensive effort in design and production have made the manufacturing and application of these structures, in this day and age, a rarity. In addition, the currently mainly used steel gusset plates adversely affect the costs and environmental impact of the trusses. The authors’ goals are to optimise the design of timber trusses and to solely use wood for all building components. The two research areas, (1) optimisation of the truss geometry and (2) optimisation of the joints by using solely wood–wood connections, are addressed in this paper. The numerical optimisation strategy is based on a parametric design of the truss and the use of a genetic solver for the optimisation regarding minimal material consumption. Furthermore, first results of the tensile and compression behaviour of the chosen wood–wood connections are presented. The basic idea for the joints is to use a plywood plate as a connector, which is inserted into the truss members and fixed with wooden pegs. The housing of the new robot laboratory located at BOKU Vienna is considered a special case study for the research and serves as an accompanying example for the application of the research within the present paper.

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32

Caruso, Simona, Rui Wang, Zhi Li, Roberto Marnetto, and Giorgio Monti. "Highly Standardized Long-Span Hybrid Trusses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.485.

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This paper presents an innovative technology in the field of truss structures, which is based on an innovative concept of mixing two different types of materials and joining them with a newly conceived connection, able to carry high loads with a small size. After an initial feasibility study aimed at pursuing the realization of sustainable and green structures, the project of the hybrid space truss was finally developed. Here, hybridization is the keyword, that is, making use of two different building materials, steel and wood, to achieve lighter roofs through a specialization of their functions and an optimization of their mechanical properties. Another key point is modularity, which is an important aspect that allows easy and fast assembly of structures and, most of all, standardization of parts. The trusses have been designed in detail, with special attention to the connections, and have been built and tested at the Laboratories of the Hunan University at Changsha (China). In a typical process of “designing by experimenting”, the prototypes have been produced and the assembly process has been tested in order to confirm the feasibility of the whole process, from production to construction to ultimate performance conditions.

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33

Karpov, E. G., D. L. Dorofeev, and N. G. Stephen. "Characteristic solutions for the statics of repetitive beam-like trusses." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 44, no. 7 (July 2002): 1363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(02)00048-6.

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34

K. G. Gebremedhin and P. L. Crovella. "LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN METAL PLATE CONNECTORS OF TENSION JOINTS IN WOOD TRUSSES." Transactions of the ASAE 34, no. 1 (1991): 0281. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31659.

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35

G. Riley, K. G. Gebremedhin, and R. N. White. "Semi-rigid Analysis of Metal Plate-connected Wood Trusses Using Fictitious Members." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 3 (1993): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28413.

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36

Korcz-Konkol, Natalia, and Piotr Iwicki. "Stability of roof trusses stiffened by trapezoidal sheeting and purlins." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821902006.

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In the article linear buckling analysis of a set of steel trusses braced by purlins and trapezoidal sheeting are conducted. The buckling load factor due to the height of a corrugated sheeting profile is investigated in parametric studies. The minimal height of trapezoidal sheeting required for preventing the sheeting and chords of the trusses against the buckling is obtained. Two groups of models are considered: “axial” model as a simple one and “eccentric” model as a more complex one. In the second group of models, eccentricity between the top chord of the trusses and purlins is considered, by means of equivalent beam elements. The differences between models are indicated and the results are discussed.

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37

Michał, Piątkowski. "Critical load of steel trusses - graphical methods." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821902015.

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The article presents graphical methods for determine critical loads of column and beam elements based on experimental results. The author presents the principles of using each method and the results of author's experimental tests on the instability phenomenon of planar steel truss with imperfections. The discussed methods were used to determine critical load of the tested truss, next compared with the results of numerical analysis. The validity of methods for determining the critical moment in the truss analysis has been confirmed.

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38

Benešová, Romana, Marie Rusinová, and Luboš Sibilla. "Analysis of Fire Protection with Focuse on the Specific Conditions of the Historic Roofs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.120.

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Protecting of historic roofs is an important part of efforts to protect our cultural heritage. These wooden structures carry a lot of information about the authentic tools, technologies and construction processes. Trusses are generally endangered by many risks that could cause irrecoverable damage and loss of information. In addition to the threat wood destroying insect and fungi, should not be forgotten on fire threats that may start from lightning, through electrical installations, to the burning of the surrounding dry grass areas. Historical wooden trusses are with respect to the old wood, indoor climate, the unavailability or the fact that many national cultural monuments are located outside of the inhabited territories, very susceptible to fires. Nevertheless, there are many methods, which are used for new buildings, but unusable for historical truss, and others were proved to be unsuitable by the time. This article analyses the possibilities of modern firefighting arrangements in the historic truss with regard to the specific construction conditions and with regard to the very rare substructure, which should not be damaged.

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Bonopera, Marco, Kuo-Chun Chang, Chun-Chung Chen, Tzu-Kang Lin, and Nerio Tullini. "Bending tests for the structural safety assessment of space truss members." International Journal of Space Structures 33, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351118804123.

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This article compares two nondestructive static methods used for the axial load assessment in prismatic beam-columns of space trusses. Examples include the struts and ties or the tension chords and diagonal braces of steel pipe racks or roof trusses. The first method requires knowledge of the beam-column’s flexural rigidity under investigation, whereas the second requires knowledge of the corresponding Euler buckling load. In both procedures, short-term flexural displacements must be measured at the given cross sections along the beam-column under examination and subjected to an additional transverse load. The proposed methods were verified by numerical and laboratory tests on beams of a small-scale space truss prototype made from aluminum alloy and rigid connections. In general, if the higher second-order effects are induced during testing and the corresponding total displacements are accurately measured, it would be easy to obtain tensile and compressive force estimations.

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40

SUZUKI, TOSHIRO, TOSHIYUKI OGAWA, and TOORU TAKEUCHI. "DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BEAM-LIKE LATTICE TRUSSES COMPOSED OF STEEL TUBES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 353 (1985): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijsx.353.0_21.

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Kolesnichenko, Sergey V. "Static tests of trusses with h-beam chords and RHS members." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)00030-3.

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Guennec, Yves Le, Éric Savin, and Didier Clouteau. "A time-reversal process for beam trusses subjected to impulse loads." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 464 (October 14, 2013): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/464/1/012001.

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Guennec, Yves Le, and Eric Savin. "Transient dynamics of three-dimensional beam trusses using higher order kinematics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (April 2012): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708056.

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44

Girard, A., and H. Defosse. "Frequency Response Smoothing and Structural Path Analysis: Application to Beam Trusses." Journal of Sound and Vibration 165, no. 1 (July 1993): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1993.1249.

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45

Yusupov, A. K., H. M. Muselemov, and T. O. Ustarhanov. "Metal-wood crane beam calculation." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 47, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2020-47-3-122-131.

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Objective. The development of structures and calculation of metal-wood crane beams are associated with specific difficulties. The article discusses the methods of calculation and design of metal-wood crane beams. In this case, an algorithm is described that allows designing systems that are rational in terms of material consumption. Methods. As an example, a metal-wood beam with a span of 12 m is used, which is supported by overhead cranes with a load capacity of 30 tf. The operation of a metal-wood crane beam was compared with a glue laminate crane beam without reinforcement. The reinforcement elements are "discarded" and replaced with elasto-yielding supports to calculate a glue laminate beam reinforced with metal elements (or a metal-wood beam). The flexibility of these supports is taken into account using the elastic support ratio r, which is determined depending on the stiffness of the supports, and the force in the metal elements is derived from the nodes balance. Result. In both variants of loading metal-wood crane beams, it was shown that the greatest bending moment occurred when the bridge wheel was located above the elastic support. Conclusion. It is rational to use a metal-wood crane beam when operating bridge cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 30 tf; metal-wood crane beams are recommended to be designed with spans up to 12 m; the comparison of glue laminate crane beams with metal-wood beams showed that metal-wood beams were 40-55% more efficient.

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Barreto, A. M. J. P., R. D. S. G. Campilho, M. F. S. F. de Moura, J. J. L. Morais, and C. L. Santos. "Repair of Wood Trusses Loaded in Tension with Adhesively Bonded Carbon-Epoxy Patches." Journal of Adhesion 86, no. 5-6 (June 16, 2010): 630–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2010.484316.

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Demarzo, Mauro A., and Pedro A. O. Almeida. "Case of a Fatal Accident in the Wood Roof Trusses of a Church." IABSE Symposium Report 90, no. 5 (January 1, 2005): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796271161.

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48

Wang, Bin, Y. Gu, Hai Cheng Guo, Ai Kah Soh, and Dai Ning Fang. "Optimal Analysis and Application in the Design of Ultra-Light Truss-Core Structures." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1399.

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A novel method for characterizing a high actuating capability light-weight actuator is described and analyzed. The actuator comprises a truss core and smart face-sheets which result in bending. The deformation of this beam actuator is obtained by changing voltage inside face-sheets made from smart material. Materials selections are discussed for practice, and then optimization is designed to ascertain minimum weight or maximum achievable displacement subject to two types of constrains. Results show the composite trusses have higher stiffness and strength than metal trusses. Comparisons with two corrugated core actuators, the truss-core design has better actuating capability at specified weight.

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Al-Talqany, Faris J. "Effect of Number of Wire Mesh Layers and Depth Ratio on Ultimate Shear Force for Monopanel Beam Specimens." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i1.379.

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A monopanel is the system building witch consists of two thin ferrocement block as a faces and between them a bushy layer of low strength, density and cost as a core made from lightweight material for example from polystyrene foam as using in this investigation or any material as an insulation . The simple structural idealization of a monopanel system is that the core provides transverse trusses between the faces that prevent flexural ,shear force and compression. Transverse trusses made of steel bars having a diameter of 3.2 mm, which make available as tie reinforcement to prevent the thin ferrocement skins from local buckling, have been used in the present work. These transfer system consist of two longitudinal bars connected by inclined steel bar forming trusses shape making an angle equals to 60o with the longitudinal bars. The main object of this research is to present an experimental investigation on the behavior and load carrying capacity of monopanel beams. The experimental work includes testing six groups of monopanel beams, and has been investigated the effect of a different depths of monopanel beams and number of layer of wire mesh of skin faces (one or two layers ) on the behavior and the ultimate load capacity. Also comparison of these results with the ACI code 318M-08 formulations have been made.

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Huang, Zheng Hua, and Qi Lin Zhang. "Out-of-Plane Stability Analysis of Plane Tubular Trusses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.1575.

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To carry out of out-of-plane stability analysis of plane tubular trusses, nonlinear finite elements model based on spatial beam elements and simplified connection elements is deduced. To verifying the feasibility of the simplified joints stiffness model, numerical examples are build and results shows that the simplified finite elements model is comparatively accurate , and could be used in engineering design.

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