Journal articles: 'Bean aphid'

1

Boiteau, Gilles. "Comparative propensity for dispersal of apterous and alate morphs of three potato-colonizing aphid species." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-766.

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The relative ability of apterous and alate morphs of aphids to disperse from one potato leaflet to another was similar within species. Three species were tested: the buckthorn aphid, Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach, the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The average percentage of aphids moving daily from one leaflet to another never exceeded 2.5% for nymphs of the three species, but reached 45% for the adult winged buckthorn aphid. During the first half of the reproductive period, adult potato aphids were 1.5 times as likely as buckthorn aphids and twice as likely as green peach aphids to relocate daily. In a flight chamber, buckthorn aphids flew 4.5 times longer than green peach or potato aphids. The maiden flights of these summer forms were interrupted by repeated landings lasting less than 2 min. The maiden flights were interrupted more than twice as often for the buckthorn aphid as for the potato aphid. The number of flight interruptions was intermediate for the green peach aphid. Selected dispersal parameters for these aphid species are compared with those for the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, an occasional potato-colonizing species. The percentage of green peach and potato aphids taking flight was significantly correlated with the temperature in the flight chamber. The implication of these results for the distribution of aphid populations and the epidemiology of viral diseases is discussed.

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Bensaci, Oussama Ali, Harzallah Daoud, Nadia Lombarkia, and Khamsa Rouabah. "Formulation of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, isolated from Euphorbia bupleuroides subsp. luteola, as a new biocontrol tool against the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.)." Journal of Plant Protection Research 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2015-0011.

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Abstract Two formulations containing culture filtrates and conidial suspensions of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, isolated previously from stems of Euphorbia bupleuroides subsp. luteola (Kralik) Maire, were experimentally tested for their aphicid activity against the black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop. found in Algeria. It was shown that invert emulsions are more effective against aphids, than using aqueous suspensions. This was especially true for formulations containing culture filtrates. The relatively insignificant mortalities obtained by formulations containing conidial suspensions indicated a low infectious potential towards the aphids. The proteolytic activity seemed to be more important than the chitinolytic activity of the fungus against the black bean aphid A. fabae

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Hawkins, C. D. B., M. I. Whitecross, and M. J. Aston. "Similarities between the effects of aphid infestation and cytokinin application on dark respiration and plant growth of legumes." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-259.

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona), broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce), and garden pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Victory Freezer) seedlings were infested with cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) or pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), both Homoptera: Aphididae, for 10 days and then infested host plant tissue was examined for foreign substances injected by the aphids. No foreign compound was detected in any of the aphid-infested plant tissues. Both aphid species were also assayed for plant growth substances, utilizing the epinastic response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Roma Teardrop) seedlings, and both aphid species contained plant growth substances in concentrations higher than plant physiological concentrations. Broad bean and pea seedlings were also treated with foliar and root applications of 6-benzylaminopurine to determine if there were any similarities in plant growth or respiratory responses, following aphid infestation or 6-benzylaminopurine treatment. Root respiration in 6-benzylaminopurine treated plants decreased while shoot respiration increased in a response analogous to that observed for aphid-infested tissue. However, the alternative respiratory pathway was engaged for all 6-benzylaminopurine treatments, whereas in aphid-infested plant roots and shoots it was not. Both 6-benzylaminopurine treated and aphid-infested plants displayed a loss of apical dominance. These data suggest that part of the physiological response of the plant to aphid feeding is induced by changes in the cytokinin to auxin ratio.

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Haynes, S., A. C. Darby, T. J. Daniell, G. Webster, F. J. F. van Veen, H. C. J. Godfray, J. I. Prosser, and A. E. Douglas. "Diversity of Bacteria Associated with Natural Aphid Populations." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 12 (December 2003): 7216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.12.7216-7223.2003.

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ABSTRACT The bacterial communities of aphids were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments generated by PCR with general eubacterial primers. By both methods, theγ -proteobacterium Buchnera was detected in laboratory cultures of six parthenogenetic lines of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and one line of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, and one or more of four previously described bacterial taxa were also detected in all aphid lines except one of A. pisum. These latter bacteria, collectively known as secondary symbionts or accessory bacteria, comprised three taxa of γ-proteobacteria (R-type [PASS], T-type [PABS], and U-type [PAUS]) and a rickettsia (S-type [PAR]). Complementary analysis of aphids from natural populations of four aphid species (A. pisum [n= 74], Amphorophora rubi [n= 109], Aphis sarothamni [n= 42], and Microlophium carnosum [n= 101]) from a single geographical location revealed Buchnera and up to three taxa of accessory bacteria, but no other bacterial taxa, in each aphid. The prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa varied significantly among aphid species but not with the sampling month (between June and August 2000). These results indicate that the accessory bacterial taxa are distributed across multiple aphid species, although with variable prevalence, and that laboratory culture does not generally result in a shift in the bacterial community in aphids. Both the transmission patterns of the accessory bacteria between individual aphids and their impact on aphid fitness are suggested to influence the prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa in natural aphid populations.

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Omar, Zayoor Z., Tavga S. Rashid, and Hayman K. Awla. "Influence of Two Varieties of Broad Bean and Beauveria bassiana (Blas) on Aphis fabae scop. Under Field Conditions." Polytechnic Journal 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v9n2y2019.pp16-19.

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Black bean aphid (Aphis fabae scop.), belongs to order Hemiptera and family Aphididae, is one of the important pests of the Fabaceae family. Beauveria bassiana is an important biocontrol agent to replace chemical insecticides. Therefore, in this research, two different varieties of broad bean with three different concentrations of B. bassiana were investigated on adults of fabae aphids under field conditions. After 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, the effect of the B. bassiana on the population of aphids was measured. The local variety was found to be more sensitive to the aphids compare with the Spain variety. In the high concentration (108 spores/ml), 80% mortality was obtained with B. bassiana in day 3 with local variety; then mortality increased after 5, 7, and 14 days of measuring the population of the adults. Mortality declined with the decrease in concentrations. The Spain variety was found to be resistance because fewer aphids were recorded compared to the local variety. In the highest concentration and day 14, mortality was 100%. The achieved results showed that B. bassiana can be used as a potential biocontrol agent for the management of black bean aphid in the fields.

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Sharmin, Mohsen Ara, Md Ruhul Amin, Md Ramiz Uddin Miah, and Abdul Mannan Akanda. "Seasonal dynamics of bean aphids and its relationship with the abundance of Lady Bird Beetles." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i2.52375.

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The seasonal dynamics of aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on four bean species namely country bean Lablab purpureus, yard long bean Vigna sesquipedalis, hyacinth bean Dolichos lablab and bush bean Phaseolus vulgaris were studied from September to December 2017 in the experimental field of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The study also investigated the relationship between the abundance of aphid and its predatory insect lady bird beetle. Aphid abundance on the bean species showed increasing trend from the 4th week of September and reached to the peak during the 2nd week of November and then declined. Bush bean and yard long bean, respectively depicted the higher and lower abundances of aphid throughout the study. Relationship between the abundance of aphid and lady bird beetle on the bean species were positively correlated. Aphid showed negatively correlation with temperature and rainfall, and positive correlation with relative humidity, and the correlations were not significant. Multiple regression equation showed that temperature had the highest effect which contributed 16.1 - 19.2% role on the population of aphid. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 357-363, 2020

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7

Hawkins, C. D. B., M. J. Aston, and M. I. Whitecross. "Aphid-induced changes in growth indices of three leguminous plants: unrestricted infestation." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-351.

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The effects of various densities of cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) and pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris), both Homoptera: Aphididae, on the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona), broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce), and garden pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Victory Freezer) seedlings were investigated. Within 10 days of infestation, aphid feeding significantly reduced plant dry weights and mean relative growth rates for the six plant–aphid combinations. In all cases except one, the mean unit leaf or net assimilation rate was also significantly reduced within 10 days. The mean leaf area ratio was the same for infested and control plants. The aphid-induced changes in host plants appear to be due to changes in photosynthesis, respiration, and translocate removal from the phloem over the 10-day period. Changes in the growth patterns of the host plant within this period are similar, but the underlying physiological effects could vary among particular plant–aphid combinations.

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Susilo, F. X., Dewi Rosmawati, and Nur Yasin. "ANTS ALTER INSECTICIDE EFFICACY ON APHIDS IN THE YARD-LONG BEAN AGROECOSYSTEM ?" Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1932-38.

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Ants Alter Insecticide Efficacy on Aphids in the Yard-Long Bean Agroecosystem? This study was aimed to detect the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants and to show whether ants could alter insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. A survey was conducted in the yard-long bean agroecosystems that have been frequently attacked by aphids and for years treated with imidacloprid insecticide (in Mulyosari Village, intensive sample) versus those barely treated in Ganjar Agung Village (non-intensive sample), both in the West Metro municipal area, Lampung. Two sampling occasions were made (in March and November 2005) where 35 plant parts (i.e. 35 flowers and 35 pods) per sample were randomly observed to record the number of Aphis sp. and ants. The efficacy of the insecticide treatment was determined by comparing the mean number of aphids or ants from intensive versus non intensive samples using a t-test at the 0.05 level. The relationships between ant and aphid numbers were determined by calculating their coefficients of correlation and testing them using a t-test at the 0.01 or 0.05 level. The study showed that the long-term application of the insecticide imidacloprid in the yard-long bean agroecosystem 1) might strengthen the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants (especially Solenopsis sp., Camponotus sp. and Paratopula sp.) and 2) was not effective to suppress Aphis sp. number. Stronger Aphis sp. — ant symbiotic relationship might alter the insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. in the agroecosystem.

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9

Meradsi, Fouad, and Malik Laamari. "Genetic Resource of the Resistance of Vicia faba L. against the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i2.9333.

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The Black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scopoli (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) in Algeria. The use of resistant cultivars may reduce the impact of this pest on broad bean production and at the same time reduce environmental risks and control costs. The level of resistance of fourteen cultivars of broad bean, Vicia faba was screened in the field against the main aphid pest of faba bean, the Black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli during January to April 2011 in Biskra region (in the east of Algeria). Among the cultivars tested, six cultivars (1, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 15) were the most resistant in the three counts, while three cultivars (4, 6 and 11) were showed a high susceptibility against this aphid at least once. The remainder of cultivars (3, 5, 7, 8 and 10) revealed an unsettled level of resistance. The relationship between the level of resistance and morphological characters of cultivars indicated that the resistant cultivars have a longer leaflet than the high susceptible cultivars. In the other hand, the statistical analysis showed that no significant differences on the plant height and the leaflet width in the tow category of cultivars (resistant and high susceptible).

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Kayange, Chicco D. M., Dalo Njera, Stephen P. Nyirenda, and Louis Mwamlima. "Effectiveness of Tephrosia vogelii and Tephrosia candida Extracts against Common Bean Aphid (Aphis fabae) in Malawi." Advances in Agriculture 2019 (July 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6704834.

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Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) remain an important dietary protein source in Malawi. However, its production is highly hindered by insect pest and disease attack. The study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of Tephrosia vogelii and Tephrosia candida extracts against bean aphid (Aphis fabae). The evaluation involved two botanical extracts at three different concentrations (0.5%, 2%, and 5% w/v) against bean aphid. Plant extracts (leaves) were air-dried and milled. Powders were then soaked in a 2-litre plastic bucket of cold water. Results indicated that there was significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments. The effectiveness of the treatments was based on reduction in aphid population per plant, pod length, and bean yield. Pod length and bean yield were higher in T. vogelii and Karate as compared to untreated and T. candida. There was a high mortality rate of aphid on the plots treated with T. vogelii compared to plots treated with T. candida at the same concentration. Though these two plant extracts were not as effective as the synthetic insecticide in reducing aphid population, they were considerably and significantly found to be effective; hence, its use by poor-resource farmers is recommended in the protection of bean against aphid.

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Hawkins, C. D. B., M. I. Whitecross, and M. J. Aston. "Interactions between aphid infestation and plant growth and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by three leguminous host plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-311.

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The effects of cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) and pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), both Homptera: Aphididae, on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake by and growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona), broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce), and garden pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Victory Freezer) seedlings were investigated. After 10 days of aphid infestation, all leaf areas were significantly lower in infested plants, and plant dry weight, mean relative growth rate, and unit leaf rate were significantly lower in all plant–aphid combinations except for pea – pea aphids. The mean leaf area ratio was the same for infested and control plants indicating that infested plants did not reallocate their assimilate resources in response to aphid feeding. The accumulation of N and P as a percentage of plant dry weight did not differ between control and infested plants and was specific to the species examined. However, control plants all had greater absolute amounts of N and P after 10 days. Even though the responses of the plants to aphid feeding were similar, the accumulation of N and P appears to be a plant species specific phenomenon.

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Замалиева, Faniya Zamalieva, Прищепенко, and Elena Prishchepenko. "Flying features of winged aphids on potato seed plants during 2004-2006." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, no. 3 (October 24, 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1365.

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The most important problem of the introduction of advanced potatoes seed system is to protect against repeated infection the healthy potatoes by viruses in the open field. In our republic the greatest risk to re-infection the healthy potatoes seed is Y - potato virus. The principal vectors of Y – potato virus, developing the largest number, are three types of aphids - buckthorn (Aphis nasturtii), alder (Aphis frangulae) and bean (Aphis fabae). The bean aphid is dominant, in some years its size rises up to 2406 copies. Relatively low coefficient of harmfulness (0.1 equivalent unit), provided the mass settlement on the plants can significantly increase the contamination of potatoes seed. The climatic conditions of the growing season, precipitation, relative humidity, which significantly affect the development and dispersal of aphids on host plants are of great importance.

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Hunt, David, Robert Foottit, Dana Gagnier, and Tracey Baute. "First Canadian records of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 6 (December 2003): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-027.

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The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybeans in the People's Republic of China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, North Borneo, Malaya, and the Philippines (Blackman and Eastop 2000). It was first identified in North America in 2000 from soybean fields in 10 states in the north-central United States of America, although the route of entry and time of introduction are not known (North Central Regional Pest Alert 2001). Dai and Fan (1991) reported that yield losses caused by soybean aphids on soybeans in the People's Republic of China were greater when the crop was infested soon after planting, and the presence of large populations of the aphid throughout the growing season resulted in 20%–30% yield losses. The soybean aphid can also transmit several viruses that infect soybeans in North America, including alfalfa mosaic, soybean mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, peanut mottle, peanut stunt, and peanut stripe (Hartman et al. 2001). In North America, the soybean aphid is known to transmit soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosiac virus (Hill et al. 2001). A survey of Ontario soybean fields revealed the presence of tobacco ring spot virus, soybean mosiac virus, and bean pod mottle virus (Michelutti et al. 2001); all of which could potentially be spread by this newly introduced aphid.

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Khatun, Jesmin Ara, Md Abul Kalam Azad, and Md Sultan Ahmed. "Efficacy of some botanical extracts for eco-friendly management of aphid in yard long bean." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v4i1.53875.

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The study was conducted to find out less hazardous, environmental friendly and locally available botanicals to control bean aphid. Seven plant extracts viz., neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), lemon outer shell (Citrus aurantifolia), wild sunflower (Helianthus petiolaris), water gourd (Lageneria siceraria), green mango (Mangifera indica), bitter gourd (Momordica charanter), fire tree (Delonix regia) and detergent (5 g trix/L) were prepared to control the aphid infestation in yard long bean (variety kagarnatki) in the field. About 100 g of fresh plant parts of each were boiled in one liter of water at 550C for 5 minutes. Then rest the sample for one hour. The solutions were filtered and kept in clean glass bottles. The extract was kept in refrigerator at 40C until use. Then the extracts were sprayed at an interval of 3 days in the experimental field of yard long bean. The damage potential of aphid was counted at every 3 days in a week. Results of this study showed that plant extracts were effective against aphid infestation in yard long bean. Similarly, yield results corresponded positively with the effectiveness of the treatments. In this study, fire tree &water gourd treatment showed 95-98% control of yard long bean aphid, whereas a high number of aphids were found in the bitter gourd treatment (21.27±5.985278). Fire tree and water gourd treatment kept about 21.27 times better performance than that of bitter gourd treatment. Water gourd and fire tree has antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial properties and toxic activity to control insect pests. So, the present finding suggests that the use of plant extracts of fire tree and water gourd treatment to be very effective botanicals to control aphids of yard long bean in Bangladesh. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2020, 4 (1), 8-13

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Pedersen, Palle, Craig Grau, Eileen Cullen, Nancy Koval, and John H. Hill. "Potential for Integrated Management of Soybean Virus Disease." Plant Disease 91, no. 10 (October 2007): 1255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-10-1255.

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The recent introduction of the colonizing soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) to soybean in the northern United States has raised concern for potential increased disease caused by the nonpersistently aphid-transmitted Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). This study was conducted to examine the potential integration of host plant resistance and insecticide tactics for control of virus disease. Research from four location-years demonstrated that foliar application of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) or the organophosphate chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E) timed to suppress soybean aphid populations does not reduce SMV. Therefore, the introduction of a colonizing aphid to the array of migratory noncolonizing aphids that transmit SMV does not result in potential for disease control through vector suppression by foliar insecticides. Treatment also did not result in management of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), transmitted by the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata), presumably because of issues related to different phenologies of the insect vectors. Soybean cultivars with the lowest virus titer in seed produced the highest grain yield and, thus, were rated as field tolerant compared with cultivars with the highest virus titer in seed. Host plant resistance, not vector control, is the most effective tactic to control SMV.

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Mkenda, Ndakidemi, Stevenson, Arnold, Belmain, Chidege, Gurr, and Woolley. "Characterization of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Aphis fabae in an African Smallholder Bean Farming System through Sequencing of COI ‘Mini-Barcodes’." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100331.

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Parasitoids are among the most frequently reported natural enemies of insect pests, particularly aphids. The efficacy of parasitoids as biocontrol agents is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. For example, hyperparasitoids can reduce the abundance of the primary parasitoids as well as modify their behavior. A field study was conducted at three contrasting elevations on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, to identify the parasitoids of aphids in smallholder bean farming agroecosystems. Sentinel aphids (Aphis fabae) on potted bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed in 15 bean fields at three elevations for 2 days. The sentinel aphids were then kept in cages in a greenhouse until emergence of the parasitoids, which were collected and preserved in 98% ethanol for identification. Of the 214 parasitoids that emerged from sentinel aphids, the greatest abundance (44.86%) were from those placed at intermediate elevations (1000–1500 m a.s.l), compared to 42.52% from the lowest elevations and only 12.62% from the highest elevation farms. Morphological identification of the parasitoids that emerged from parasitized aphids showed that 90% were Aphidius species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Further characterization by sequencing DNA ‘mini-barcodes’ identified parasitoids with ≥99% sequence similarity to Aphidius colemani, 94–95% sequence similarity to Pachyneuron aphidis and 90% similarity to a Charipinae sp. in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. These results confidently identified A. colemani as the dominant primary aphid parasitoid of A. fabae in the study area. A Pachyneuron sp., which was most closely related to P. aphidis, and a Charipinae sp. occurred as hyperparasitoids. Thus, interventions to improve landscapes and farming practice should monitor specifically how to augment populations of A. colemani, to ensure any changes enhance the delivery of natural pest regulation. Further studies are needed for continuous monitoring of the hyperparasitism levels and the dynamics of aphids, primary parasitoids, and secondary parasitoids in different cropping seasons and their implications in aphid control.

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M.A., ABDEL-RAHEEM, ABLA F. A. SAAD, and ABDEL-RAHMAN I.E. "Entomopathogenic Fungi on Fabae bean Aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 26, no. 4 (June 29, 2021): 2862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/26.4/2862-2868.

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The Aphids, Aphis craccivora (Koch) is a serious pest in agricultural fields in Egypt. Entomopathogenic fungi are biological control agents of insects. The study was carried out on the aphid by using of Bio Catch, Verticillium lecanii, Bio Power, Beauveria bassiana and Bio Magic, Metarhizium anisopliae on A. craccivora. Laboratory experiments were done to measure the pathogenicity of three commercial compounds from entomopathogenic fungi, Bio Catch, V. lecanii, Bio Power, B. bassiana, and Bio Magic, M. anisopliae against adults and nymphs of A. craccivora. Three concentrations were used from all compounds, 107 , 108 and 109 spores/ml. at 22 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5 R.H. The concentration (109 spores/ml.) gave 100% mortality with V. lecanii and B. bassiana then M. anisopliae. The Lowest LC50 value of 2.1 x 106 spores/ml. was recorded by V. lecanii, which showed higher virulence compared to other entomopathogenic fungi. The LC50 values of V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were 2.1 x 106 , 4.3 x 106 and 6.4 x 107 spores ml., respectively. At the highest concentration of 109 spores/ml., the Median LT50 values for V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were 4.2, 5.2 and 7.0 days, respectively.

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Serteyn, Laurent, Céleste Quaghebeur, Marc Ongena, Nuri Cabrera, Andrea Barrera, Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, Frédéric Francis, and Claudio C. Ramírez. "Induced Systemic Resistance by a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Impacts Development and Feeding Behavior of Aphids." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040234.

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The effects of microorganisms on plant-insect interactions have usually been underestimated. While plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to induce plant defenses, endosymbiotic bacteria hosted by herbivorous insects are often beneficial to the host. Here, we aimed to assess whether PGPR-induced defenses in broad bean plants impact the pea aphid, depending on its genotype and the presence of endosymbionts. We estimated aphid reproduction, quantified defense- and growth-related phytohormones by GC-MS, and measured different plant growth and physiology parameters, after PGPR treatment. In addition, we recorded the feeding behavior of aphids by electropenetrography. We found that the PGPR treatment of broad bean plants reduced the reproduction of one of the pea aphid clones. We highlighted a phenomenon of PGPR-induced plant defense priming, but no noticeable plant growth promotion. The main changes in aphid probing behavior were related to salivation events into phloem sieve elements. We suggest that the endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa played a key role in plant-insect interactions, possibly helping aphids to counteract plant-induced resistance and allowing them to develop normally on PGPR-treated plants. Our results imply that plant- and aphid-associated microorganisms add greater complexity to the outcomes of aphid-plant interactions.

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Hardie, Jim. "Starvation-induced oviparae in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 38, no. 3 (September 1985): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1985.tb03532.x.

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Vaz Nunes, Marlies, and Jim Hardie. "The photoperiodic counter in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae." Journal of Insect Physiology 40, no. 10 (October 1994): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(94)90015-9.

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Islam, MZ, SA Labani, and AB Khan. "Feeding Propensity and Cannibalism of Micraspis Discolor (Fab.) to Different Prey Species (Aphis craccivora and Nilaparbata lugens) under Laboratory." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i1.30296.

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Feeding propensity and cannibalism of Micraspis discolor (Fab.) to different prey species (bean aphids and brown plant hopper ) was studied in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during January, 2007 to April, 2007. It was found that the highest pre-oviposition period was to 5.6±0.54 days when BPH were used and this period was lowest, 4.6±0.54 days using bean aphid. The oviposition period was maximum 40.20±1.78 days using bean aphid and minimum 29.00± 2.00 days were found using BPH. Maximum number of eggs 216.00±16.58 was laid when fed on bean aphid. The hatching percent was highest 88.71% using bean aphid and hatching percent was lowest 85.34% when fed on BPH. Incubation period varied from 2.40±0.54 to 3.80±0.44 days using different foods. However, the larvae passed through four larval instars and highest larval period was 10.00 ± 0.70 when BPH were used as food and lowest was 8.40 days feeding on bean aphid. Pupal period was 3.00±0.00 & 3.80±0.44 days when bean aphid & BPH were supplied as food. The average longevity of female was 38.60±3.78 and 31.40±2.96 days and that of male was 32.00±2.91 & 26.00±0.91 days when feeding on bean aphid and BPH respectively. It was significant at 1% level. The sex ratio of male and female was found (0.78:1.00) using different foods and these were not significant at 1% level. By this experiment, It was observed that feeding propensity of Micraspis discolor to different prey species during the total life cycle was as follows: bean aphid > BPH. It was also found that M. discolor had cannibalistic behavior and this was significant at 1% level.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 81-85 2016

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Almogdad, Mohammad, and Roma Semaškienė. "The occurrence and control of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) in broad bean." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 108, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.022.

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Bottenberg, Harry, and Michael E. Irwin. "Flight and Landing Activity of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Bean Monocultures and Bean-Corn Mixtures." Journal of Entomological Science 27, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-27.2.143.

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Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) dominated the aerial aphid plankton in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) monocultures and mixed cultures of bean with corn (Zea mays L.) in Illinois. It was also the most common species landing on bean plants in this study during the summer of 1987. More flight activity was recorded in the monocultures than in the mixtures. More R. maidis flew at the top of the bean canopy than at the level of the corn canopy. Densely planted corn rows suppressed flight activity more than did sparsely planted rows. Plots that were planted early had lower aphid catches over the same time than did plots planted 13 and 24 days later. Aphid flight activity was negatively correlated with ground cover, corn barrier height, and corn barrier density. Aphid landing activity was not affected by planting date or corn row density but was negatively and significantly correlated with ground cover. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that ground cover was more important than barrier height and barrier density in suppressing flight and landing activity of R. maidis.

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Gildow, F. E., D. A. Shah, W. M. Sackett, T. Butzler, B. A. Nault, and S. J. Fleischer. "Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean." Phytopathology® 98, no. 11 (November 2008): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-11-1233.

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Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

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Adams, D., T. L. Wilkinson, and A. E. Douglas. "The aphid‐bacterial symbiosis: a comparison between pea aphids and black bean aphids." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 80, no. 1 (July 1996): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00934.x.

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Abdel-Rahman, I. E., and F. H. Faragalla. "Using of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Fabae bean Aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch)." International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, no. 01 (2019): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120125.

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Larsen, R. C., and D. M. Webster. "First Report of Bean Leafroll Luteovirus Infecting Pea in Italy." Plant Disease 83, no. 4 (April 1999): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.4.399b.

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Approximately 5,000 ha of processing peas (Pisum sativum L) are cultivated annually in the Po River Valley of northern Italy. During the 1998 growing season, affected pea plants in this region were observed that exhibited mild chlorosis and mottling, leaf rolling, and stunting symptoms. High aphid populations and disease levels of nearly 100% were observed in susceptible varieties. Samples from affected fields were analyzed for the presence of bean leafroll virus (BLRV). Nonviruliferous pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) received a 48-h acquisition access period on symptomatic leaves. Aphids were then transferred to Puget pea and Diana faba bean for a 72-h inoculation access period. Leaf samples were also macerated in 0.05 M potassium phosphate pH 7.4, and inoculated mechanically to pea, faba bean, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Chenopodium quinoa Willd., and C. amaranticolor Coste & Reyn. Symptoms typical of those observed in the original field plants appeared 10 to 14 days after aphid transmissions in both pea and faba bean inoculated with pea aphids. No symptoms were observed in any of the hosts that were inoculated mechanically. Total nucleic acid extracts from the original pea samples, and from leaf tissue of pea and faba bean plants inoculated with aphids, served as templates in reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Primers BLR-V157 and BLR-C546, which flanked a 400-bp fragment, were designed with available sequence data for the coat protein gene of BLRV (1). An amplification product of the expected size was generated from symptomatic plants but not from healthy controls. Sequence analysis of the cloned fragments revealed a 99% nucleic acid homology with the published sequence for BLRV and an isolate obtained from alfalfa in Washington State (R. Larsen, unpublished). This is the first report of BLRV in Italy. Reference: (1) B. Brill et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5544, 1990.

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Hill, J. H., R. Alleman, D. B. Hogg, and C. R. Grau. "First Report of Transmission of Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus by Aphis glycines in the New World." Plant Disease 85, no. 5 (May 2001): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.561c.

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The recent discovery of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura, in the North Central region of the United States is significant because it is the first time that a soybean-colonizing aphid has been detected in the New World. Although the aphid has the potential to cause physiological loss of up to 52% on soybeans (4), it can also transmit Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Transmission of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has not been reported. SMV, and less commonly AMV, are found in soybeans in the North Central states and are transmitted by numerous aphids in a nonpersistent manner (2; Grau, unpublished). For SMV, potential exists for specificity of transmission between virus strain and aphid species (3). For these reasons, it was important to determine if an endemic isolate of these viruses could be transmitted by this introduced species of aphid in the North Central region. Transmission experiments were conducted as described (3), using 3, 5, and 10 aphids per plant. Ten plants of the soybean cultivar Williams 82 were used for each treatment. To preclude confounding results by possible seed transmission, plants used in all tests were grown from seeds harvested from virus-indexed plants grown in the greenhouse. For experiments involving SMV, the aphid-transmissible field isolate Al5 (GeneBank Accession no. AF242844) and, as a negative control, the non-aphid transmissible isolate N (GeneBank Accession no. D500507) were used. For experiments involving AMV, a field isolate of AMV, confirmed by ELISA and host range, was used. The aphid species Myzus persicae was maintained on broad bean and A. glycines was maintained on virus-free soybean. The protocol for transmission studies of AMV was identical to that used in the SMV study, except only A. glycines was tested. For experiments, plants were periodically observed for symptom development and tested by ELISA 4 to 5 weeks after inoculation access. No transmission of SMV-N occurred in any tests, which together involved 180 aphids each of M. persicae or A. glycines. For the Al5 isolate, transmission efficiencies of 30, 50, and 50% were obtained with 3, 5, and 10 individuals, respectively, of M. persicae per plant. Efficiencies for A. glycines were 30, 40, and 40%. Transmission levels by the two aphid species did not differ significantly (t-test, P = 0.01). For AMV, corresponding transmission efficiencies were 0, 0, and 20%. The data suggest that the introduced A. glycines can be an efficient vector of SMV, but a less efficient vector of AMV, in the North Central region. Transmission of AMV by M. persicae has been documented (1) but was not examined in this study. Transmission of SMV and AMV by A. glycines is of concern because it may increase SMV and AMV incidence. With the recent outbreak of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in the region, the potential for synergism of SMV and BPMV is increased (2). References: (1) M. B. Castillo and G. G. Orlob. Phytopathology 56:1028, 1966. (2) G. L. Hartman et al., eds. 1999. Compendium of Soybean Diseases, 4th Ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) B. S. Lucas and J. H. Hill. Phytopathol. Z. 99:47, 1980. (4) C. L. Wang et al. Plant Prot. 20:12, 1994.

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Wilkinson, T. L., D. Adams, L. B. Minto, and A. E. Douglas. "The impact of host plant on the abundance and function of symbiotic bacteria in an aphid." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 17 (September 1, 2001): 3027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.17.3027.

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SUMMARY The black-bean aphid Aphis fabae bears populations of coccoid symbiotic bacteria Buchnera spp. at 2.0–3.2×107cellsmg−1aphidmass and rod-shaped secondary symbionts of uncertain taxonomic affiliation at 0.1–0.6×107cellsmg−1aphidmass. Buchnera provides essential amino acids, supplementing the poor supply in the aphid diet of plant phloem sap. Comparison of the performance of A. fabae containing and experimentally deprived of their bacteria showed that the bacteria caused increased larval mass of aphids reared on Chenopodium album and Papaver dubium plants, but not when reared on Lamium purpureum. In the aphids reared on L. purpureum, the density of the bacteria, especially the secondary symbionts, was significantly elevated, and bacterial-mediated production of the essential amino acid threonine was reduced, even though the essential amino acid content of phloem exudates from L. purpureum had a low threonine content. It is proposed that the shortfall in threonine, possibly compounded by the high density of secondary symbionts, may contribute to the poor performance of the aphids on L. purpureum. This study offers the first evidence to suggest plant-mediated interference with the nutritional function of symbiotic bacteria in any phytophagous insect.

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Stadler, B., and M. Mackauer. "INFLUENCE OF PLANT QUALITY ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE APHID PARASITOID EPHEDRUS CALIFORNICUS BAKER (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) AND ITS HOST, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 1 (February 1996): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent12827-1.

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AbstractWe determined variations in selected life-history parameters in a tritrophic system that consisted of a plant (broad bean, Vicia faba L.), an aphid (pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum), and an aphid parasitoid (Ephedras californicus). We manipulated plant and aphid quality by growing bean plants in a high- and a low-quality nutrient solution for three generations. Pea aphids adapted to reduced nutrient availability by differentially allocating resources to somatic and gonadal growth across generations. On low-quality plants, time from birth to adult increased and dry mass decreased. The number of sclerotized embryos was correlated with adult dry mass. By contrast, in E. californicus, variations in dry mass, rate of development, and number of ovarial eggs did not suggest transgenerational adaptations to resource quality as measured by aphid size. The number of mature eggs was dependent on female age. Development time varied with parasitoid sex and was independent of aphid stage at the time of death. In the low-quality treatment, males survived on average longer than females eclosing from the same kinds of hosts.Aphids and their parasitoids have evolved flexible life-history strategies in response to variations in plant quality. Pea aphids adapted to qualitatively variable resources by optimizing the balance between somatic and gonadal investment across successive generations. But E. californicus responded to low host quality at the level of the individual, rather than across generations; the trade-off pattern was influenced by the host’s growth potential after parasitization.

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Amin, MR, AA Tarif, MM Rahman, MM Hossain, and F. Ge. "Sequential application of bio-pesticide, botanical and chemical insecticide to manage aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 3 (November 9, 2017): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34512.

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Present study evaluated the effect of sequential application of a bio-pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki) (Bt), a botanical (neem oil) and a chemical insecticide (cypermethrin 25EC) as well as cypermethrin 25EC alone in the management of aphid (Aphis craccivora) and pod borer (Maruca vitrata) attacking yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) in the field. In each treatment Bt, neem oil and cypermethrin were applied in alternative sequence as well as cypermethrin alone at 07 days intervals. All the treatments reduced aphid population and flower infestation after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment compared to untreated control. Aphid population reduction by the treatments over control was ranged from 34.4 to 71.9%, and the treatment with cypermethrin alone had the lowest abundance of aphid and flower infestation. The Bt followed by neem oil and cypermethrin significantly reduced the pod infestation by pod borer and increased yield (38.9–41.4%) over control with BCR: 1.85-2.16. Use of cypermethrin alone was most effective and showed the lowest pod infestation and revealed the increased yield over control (47.7%) with BCR 4.70. Considering the hazardous affect of cypermethrin alone, its application followed by bio-pesticide and botanical sequentially would be promising components for integrated pest management strategies against aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 531-538, September 2017

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Ferris, DG, and RAC Jones. "Natural resistance to bean yellow mosaic potyvirus in subterranean clover." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960605.

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Seed of 31 named cultivars and 11 other genotypes of Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) was sown in 3 major and 3 smaller scale field experiments. In these, bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was spread from infector plants to test rows by naturally occurring aphids. The numbers of clover plants developing BYMV symptoms in each row were counted at different times. Based on the results from at least 2 field experiments, different genotypes were assigned to 1 of 5 BYMV infection categories (A-E), ranging from greatest (A) to least (E) infection. Category A was found to contain genotypes that were latest maturing while, except for cv. Rosedale (ssp. brachycalycinum) which was in E despite being of intermediate maturity, category E contained earliest maturing genotypes. Except for cv. Rosedale, when the percentages of plants with BYMV symptoms in the 3 main experiments were plotted against days to flowering previously established for each genotype, the two were closely related. However, when young plants of cultivars in categories D or E were aphid-inoculated with 2 BYMV isolates, they became infected to a similar extent to young plants of 2 late-maturing cultivars from category A. This suggests that, except for cv. Rosedale, the extent of BYMV infection obtained in the field was determined by plant physiological age, plants of late-maturing genotypes being easier for viruliferous aphids to infect with BYMV than plants of early-maturing genotypes of the same age but physiologically older, a phenomenon known as 'mature plant resistance'. When plants of cv. Rosedale were aphid-inoculated with 7 different isolates of BYMV, a systemic hypersensitive reaction developed with 5 isolates but not with two others. This suggests that cv. Rosedale has 'strain specific hypersensitive resistance' to BYMV. No systemic hypersensitive reaction developed when the same 7 BYMV isolates were aphid-inoculated to cv. Dwalganup and named selections Pink Flowered and Northam Early, genotypes previously reported to react hypersensitively to potyvirus infection. The field screening procedure employed is suitable for use by T. subterraneum breeding programs seeking to develop new cultivars with resistance to BYMV. Cultivar Rosedale may prove a suitable source of resistance to use as a parent in crossing programs aimed at producing cultivars with natural BYMV resistance.

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He, C. G., and X. G. Zhang. "Field evaluation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for resistance to aphids in northern China." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05255.

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Resistance of 9 lucerne cultivars and lines of predominantly overseas introductions to an aphid complex was evaluated in field experiments at Lanzhou city in Gansu province of northern China in 2004. The aphid complex, consisting of 3 aphid species, the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) Therioaphis trifolii Monell, black bean aphid (BBA) Aphis craccivora Koch, and pea aphid (PA) Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, was found to be dominated by BBA at the early stage of plant growth in spring and by SAA at other stages. Plants infested by SAA showed the symptoms of either chlorotic leaf veins or yellow leaf. Cultivars performed similarly in Gansu as in their country of origin, with minor differences (e.g. Hunter River). ‘Aphid damage index’ and ‘% of resistant plants’ were found to be useful parameters for specifying the resistance of a given cultivar to the aphid complex. Based on the ‘% of resistant plants’, cvv. HA–3, Cropper 9, 8925MF, SARDI 7, and SARDI 10 were classified as highly resistant; HA–1 and Gannong 3, resistant; Jindera, moderately resistant; and Hunter River, low resistance.

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Meena, Ram Kishor, Ravindra K. Meena, Uadal Singh, Manohari L. Meena, and Sarwan Kumar. "Efficacy of insecticides on Bean aphid, Aphis cracivora Koch in Green gram." Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 27, no. 3 (2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0163.2019.00075.2.

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NUNES, MARLIES VAZ, and JIM HARDIE. "Photoperiodic induction of winged females in the black bean aphid. Aphis fabae." Physiological Entomology 17, no. 4 (December 1992): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1992.tb01037.x.

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Park, Kye Chung, and Jim Hardie. "Electrophysiological characterisation of olfactory sensilla in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae." Journal of Insect Physiology 50, no. 7 (July 2004): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.04.011.

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Hardie, Jim. "Spectral specificity for targeted flight in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae." Journal of Insect Physiology 35, no. 8 (January 1989): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(89)90124-8.

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38

Michaud, J. P. "Differences in foraging behaviour between virgin and mated aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-212.

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The influence of mating status on foraging behaviour was examined in the parasitoid wasps Aphidius smithi Sharma &Subba Rao, Ephedrus californicus Baker, Monoctonus paulensis (Ashmead), Praon pequodorum Viereck, and Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Virgin females of A. smithi, M. paulensis, and P. pequodorum abandoned bean shoots infested with pea aphid, Acyrthosiphum pisum (Harris), earlier than did their mated counterparts. Virgin females of all species except L. testaceipes (host Aphis fabae Scop.) attacked fewer aphids within a patch than did mated females, and parasitized fewer hosts in a 2-h period. Females therefore tend to produce a smaller brood within a patch when unable to fertilize their eggs and produce daughters. Mated females of A. smithi and M. paulensis superparasitized more aphids than did unmated females of these species. Females of all species mated successfully and produced daughters after ovipositing as virgins. The possible fitness consequences of distinct virgin oviposition tactics are discussed.

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Kolaib, M. A. O., A. A. A. El Dash, and B. M. El Difrawy. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL STUDIES ON APHID GREEN BEAN." Menoufia Journal of Plant Protection 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjapam.2018.123957.

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Polienko, Elena, Artem Grinko, Vladimir Lykhman, Olga Naimi, and Yevgeny Patrikeev. "Use of humic preparation for increasing the effectiveness of insecticides in chickpea cultivation." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022202007.

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The article presents the results of an experiment (2016—2019) to study the influence of humic preparation on the effectiveness of insecticides of various chemical classes. Phytosanitary monitoring, pests count before and after treatment were carried out in addition to calculating the biological efficiency of insecticides; the impact on chickpea productivity and nutrition regimen was considered against the background of the chemical protection system with the inclusion of the humic preparation BIO-Don10. Harmful objects are cotton budworm (Helicovera armigera Hb) and bean aphid (Aphis fabae). It was found that the pyrethroid class preparation is more effective against cotton scoop. The reduction in bean damage is 93.7%. The efficiency of organophosphorus compounds does not exceed 45.0% in view of the developed stability. The preparations under study showed high efficiency against bean aphid, the decrease in aphid numbers is 93.9 and 90.9% respectively. Humic preparation did not affect this indicator, but allowed to increase the saved crop on the option with pyrethroid by 46.4 - 56.0%, with dimethoate by 29.6 - 40.0%.

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Wang, R. Y., A. Kritzman, D. E. Hershman, and S. A. Ghabrial. "Aphis glycines as a Vector of Persistently and Nonpersistently Transmitted Viruses and Potential Risks for Soybean and Other Crops." Plant Disease 90, no. 7 (July 2006): 920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0920.

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The recently introduced soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), which is widespread in the soybean-growing regions in the United States, is the only aphid able to develop large colonies on soybean. Although its potential as a vector of plant viruses is recognized, reports on virus transmission efficiency by this aphid species are limited. In the present study, we examined the ability of A. glycines to transmit several economically important viruses. The results showed that A. glycines transmitted the potyviruses Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Soybean mosaic virus from soybean to soybean more efficiently than Myzus persicae. However, M. persicae transmitted the alfamovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus and the potyviruses Tobacco etch virus (TEV) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) from tobacco to tobacco more efficiently than A. glycines. This is the first report to demonstrate that the soybean aphid can vector TEV and TVMV, two economically important tobacco viruses. This also is the first report to document successful transmission of BYMV by A. glycines. All attempts to transmit the nepovirus Tobacco ringspot virus by A. glycines were unsuccessful, regardless of the length of the acquisition and inoculation feeding periods. Although the luteovirus Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was widely distributed in red and white clover in Kentucky, it was not detected in soybean. All transmission experiments of SbDV by A. glycines were unsuccessful. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect SbDV in single aphids using a pair of primers designed to amplify a 372-bp PCR fragment in the coding region of SbDV coat protein. Although A. glycines was not a vector of SbDV, the virus was detected in 100% of tested aphids by RT-PCR after a 24- to 48-h virus acquisition access feeding. The practical applications of RT-PCR in detecting persistently transmitted viruses are discussed.

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Ming, Gan, Miao Xue Xia, Zhu Xiang-Xiong, and Ding De Cheng. "Developmental Stages of Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a Bean Aphid Parasitoid." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.4.519.

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The developmental stages of a solitary parasitoid, Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead, of the black bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, were described by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Lysiphlebus japonicus has four larval instars. The first instar is mandibulate, caudate and has sclerotized spines. Supernumerary neonates are eliminated by powerful mandibles of the first hatched larva. The second instar has degenerative mandibles and is covered with small sclerotized bristles on abdominal segments; the cauda is short and blunt. The third instar is mandibulate; its cuticle is smooth and the caudal segment retrogresses to a short salient. The fourth instar is strong and hymenopteriform; their mandibles are smaller than those of the third instar, and various sensory organs are well developed, especially for the mouthpart.

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Sicard, Anne, Jean-Louis Zeddam, Michel Yvon, Yannis Michalakis, Serafin Gutiérrez, and Stéphane Blanc. "Circulative Nonpropagative Aphid Transmission of Nanoviruses: an Oversimplified View." Journal of Virology 89, no. 19 (July 15, 2015): 9719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00780-15.

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ABSTRACTPlant virus species of the familyNanoviridaehave segmented genomes with the highest known number of segments encapsidated individually. They thus likely represent the most extreme case of the so-called multipartite, or multicomponent, viruses. All species of the family are believed to be transmitted in a circulative nonpropagative manner by aphid vectors, meaning that the virus simply crosses cellular barriers within the aphid body, from the gut to the salivary glands, without replicating or even expressing any of its genes. However, this assumption is largely based on analogy with the transmission of other plant viruses, such as geminiviruses or luteoviruses, and the details of the molecular and cellular interactions between aphids and nanoviruses are poorly investigated. When comparing the relative frequencies of the eight genome segments in populations of the speciesFaba bean necrotic stunt virus(FBNSV) (genusNanovirus) within host plants and within aphid vectors fed on these plants, we unexpectedly found evidence of reproducible changes in the frequencies of some specific segments. We further show that these changes occur within the gut during early stages of the virus cycle in the aphid and not later, when the virus is translocated into the salivary glands. This peculiar observation, which was similarly confirmed in three aphid vector species,Acyrthosiphon pisum,Aphis craccivora, andMyzus persicae, calls for revisiting of the mechanisms of nanovirus transmission. It reveals an unexpected intimate interaction that may not fit the canonical circulative nonpropagative transmission.IMPORTANCEA specific mode of interaction between viruses and arthropod vectors has been extensively described in plant viruses in the three familiesLuteoviridae,Geminiviridae, andNanoviridae, but never in arboviruses of animals. This so-called circulative nonpropagative transmission contrasts with the classical biological transmission of animal arboviruses in that the corresponding viruses are thought to cross the vector cellular barriers, from the gut lumen to the hemolymph and to the salivary glands, without expressing any of their genes and without replicating. By monitoring the genetic composition of viral populations during the life cycle ofFaba bean necrotic stunt virus(FBNSV) (genusNanovirus), we demonstrate reproducible genetic changes during the transit of the virus within the body of the aphid vector. These changes do not fit the view that viruses simply traverse the bodies of their arthropod vectors and suggest more intimate interactions, calling into question the current understanding of circulative nonpropagative transmission.

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Jaśkiewicz, Bożenna. "The harmfulness of Aphis fabae Scop. feeding on the flowers of park rose (Rosa sp.)." Acta Agrobotanica 59, no. 1 (2012): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2006.055.

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The studies were conducted in the years 1999 - 2001 in the green area of the Lublin city in the street (A) and park (B) sites. The purpose of the studies was to determine the dynamics of the bean aphid population (Aphis fabae Scop.) and the effect of its feeding on the blooming of park roses (Rosa sp.). The presence of dwarf specimens of A. fabae was observed only on the crown petals and the sepals. Their feeding significantly affected the decorative character of roses, since the crown petals inhabited by them were faster to dry out and fall down. The presence of aphids on the shrubs was found throughout the period of about two months, and the aphids were more numerous in the street site.

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Cammell, M. E., G. M. Tatchell, and I. P. Woiwod. "Spatial Pattern of Abundance of the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae, in Britain." Journal of Applied Ecology 26, no. 2 (August 1989): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404074.

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HARDIE, JIM, ANNE C. L. MALLORY, and CAROL A. QUASHIE-WILLIAMS. "Juvenile Hormone and host-plant colonization by the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae." Physiological Entomology 15, no. 3 (September 1990): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1990.tb00520.x.

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Hardie, Jim. "The photoperiodic control of wing development in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae." Journal of Insect Physiology 33, no. 8 (January 1987): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(87)90068-0.

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Shannag, Hail K. "Effect of black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, on transpiration, stomatal conductance and crude protein content of faba bean." Annals of Applied Biology 151, no. 2 (October 2007): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00161.x.

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Zhang, Chang-Rong, Mei Liu, Fei-Xue Ban, Xiao-Li Shang, Shao-Lan Liu, Ting-Ting Mao, Xing-Yuan Zhang, and Jun-Rui Zhi. "Establishment of a Faba Bean Banker Plant System with Predator Orius strigicollis for the Control of Thrips Dendrothrips minowai on Tea Plants under Laboratory Conditions." Insects 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050397.

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The stick tea thrip Dendrothrips minowai (Priesner) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a destructive pest in tea plantations in south and southwest China. To control this pest, a non-crop banker plant system was developed using a polyphagous predator Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) with the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as an alternative prey and the faba bean Vicia faba as the banker plant to support the predator in targeting the pest. The fitness of A. fabae on tea plants and faba bean was evaluated to determine its host specificity. Moreover, the control efficacy of the banker plant system on D. minowai on tea plants was tested in the laboratory and compared with that of direct release of O. strigicollis. The experiments showed that faba bean was an excellent non-crop host for A. fabae because, while the aphid population increased quickly on faba bean, it could only survive for up to 9 days on tea plants. Compared with direct release of O. strigicollis, lower densities of pest were observed when introducing the banker plant system. Our results indicate that this banker plant system has the potential to be implemented in the field to improve the control of the pest thrips.

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Cayetano, Luis, Lukas Rothacher, Jean-Christophe Simon, and Christoph Vorburger. "Cheaper is not always worse: strongly protective isolates of a defensive symbiont are less costly to the aphid host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1799 (January 22, 2015): 20142333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2333.

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Defences against parasites are typically associated with costs to the host that contribute to the maintenance of variation in resistance. This also applies to the defence provided by the facultative bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, which protects its aphid hosts against parasitoid wasps while imposing life-history costs. To investigate the cost–benefit relationship within protected hosts, we introduced multiple isolates of H. defensa to the same genetic backgrounds of black bean aphids, Aphis fabae , and we quantified the protection against their parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum as well as the costs to the host (reduced lifespan and reproduction) in the absence of parasitoids. Surprisingly, we observed the opposite of a trade-off. Strongly protective isolates of H. defensa reduced lifespan and lifetime reproduction of unparasitized aphids to a lesser extent than weakly protective isolates. This finding has important implications for the evolution of defensive symbiosis and highlights the need for a better understanding of how strain variation in protective symbionts is maintained.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bean aphid'

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