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Journal articles on the topic 'Bean common mosaic virus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Koo, Dong-Jin, Hye-Young Shin, Jung-Hyun Sung, Dong-Kyon Kang, and Moo-Ung Chang. "Bean common mosaic virus and Peanut mottle virus isolated from Peanut in Korea." Research in Plant Disease 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2002.8.2.092.

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2

Flores-Estévez, N., J. A. Acosta-Gallegos, and L. Silva-Rosales. "Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in Mexico." Plant Disease 87, no. 1 (January 2003): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.21.

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A survey was performed in Mexico to study the distribution of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) using a set of primers directed to the coat protein gene (CP) that were designed to detect and characterize the two viral species. Both viral species were present in different locations in the country. BCMV was predominant in the central states of the country, whereas BCMNV proliferated toward the eastern tropical states. The alignment of nine nucleotide sequences for each viral species at the amino region of the CP gene confirmed the identities of the viruses and set the basis to assign them tentatively to pathogroups I, II, and VI.

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3

TSUCHIZAKI, Tsuneo, and Toshihiro OMURA. "Relationships among bean common mosaic virus, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, azuki bean mosaic virus, and soybean mosaic virus." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 53, no. 4 (1987): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.53.478.

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4

Park, S. J. "Shetland common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-157.

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Shetland is a medium-late maturing, high-yielding white (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It's main advantages are its earlier maturity and better standability than Dresden and OAC Rico. It has good cooking quality and it is resistant to the alpha and delta races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., dry edible (navy, pea) bean, cultivar description, bean anthracnose, bean common mosaic virus

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5

Kyrychenko, A., and V. Prylipko. "The Physical Properties of Bean Common Mosaic Virus Distributed in Ukraine." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 82, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.03.065.

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6

Arli-Sokmen, Miray, Ilyas Deligoz, and Nazli Dide Kutluk-Yilmaz. "Characterization of Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus isolates in common bean growing areas in Turkey." European Journal of Plant Pathology 146, no. 1 (February 16, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0886-x.

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7

Park, S. J., and T. Rupert. "AC ELK common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-018.

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AC ELK is a high-yielding, light red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with early-season maturity in Ontario. Its main advantages are high yield potential and an early maturity. Seed has acceptable cooking/canning quality. AC ELK is resistant to race 1 of bean common mosaic virus and anthracnose (Collectotrichum lindemuthianum) race alpha and alpha Brazil. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., dry bean, cultivar description, bean common mosaic virus, anthracnose

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8

Park, S. J., and J. C. Tu. "AC Litekid common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-028.

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AC Litekid is a medium-full season maturing and high yielding light red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. Its main advantages are higher yield potential and earlier maturity than the presently recommended cultivar California Light Red Kidney in Ontario. Seed has acceptable cooking and canning quality. AC Litekid is resistant to alpha and alpha Brazilian races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words:Phaseolus vulgaris, dry edible bean, light red kidney, cultivar description, bean anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, bean common mosaic virus

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9

Babovic, M., A. Bulajic, G. DelibaÅ¡ic, S. Milijic, and D. Todorovic. "ROLE OF BEAN SEED IN TRANSMITTING BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS AND CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 462 (December 1997): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.462.36.

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10

Silbernagel, M. J. "Tanzanian Strain of Bean Common Mosaic Virus." Plant Disease 70, no. 9 (1986): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-839.

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11

MANDOUR, AYMAN M. ,., HESHAM M. ABDELMAKSOUD, and MOHGA A. EL-TAHLAWEY. "SEED TRANSMISSION OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 91, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2013.163051.

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12

Park, S. J. "AC Harblack common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-155.

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AC Harblack is a medium-maturity, high-yielding black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It’s main advantages are its erect plant type, high yield potential and earlier maturity than the commonly grown cv. T-39. Seed has acceptable appearance and firm texture when cooked. AC Harblack is resistant to beta, gamma and delta races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., dry edible bean, black bean, cultivar description, bean anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, bean common mosaic virus

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13

Smith, T. H., T. E. Michaels, A. M. Lindsay, and K. P. Pauls. "Lightning common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08120.

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Lightning is an upright short vine (type IIa) white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar intended for use in areas with greater than 2600 crop heat units. It has excellent yield potential in either wide or narrow row production and is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Seed has high cooking and canning quality. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., white bean, common bean, cultivar description

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14

Park, S. J., and T. Rupert. "AC Mast common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 735–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-026.

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AC Mast is a high-yielding navy bean cultivar with medium maturity. It has an upright plant type suitable for direct combine harvest. AC Mast has acceptable cooking/canning quality. It is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, dry bean, cultivar description

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15

Park, S. J., and T. Rupert. "AC Trident common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-025.

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AC Trident is a high-yielding navy bean cultivar with medium-late maturity. It has an upright plant type suitable for direct combine harvest. AC Trident has acceptable cooking/canning quality. It is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, dry bean, cultivar description, plant type

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16

Park, S. J., F. Kiehn, and T. Rupert. "AC OLE common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-019.

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AC Ole is a high-yielding pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with mid-season maturity. It has high yield potential and an upright plant type, suitable for direct combine harvest. AC Ole seed has acceptable cooking/canning quality. It is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, dry bean, cultivar description

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17

Smith, T. H., T. E. Michaels, A. M. Lindsay, and K. P. Pauls. "OAC Redstar common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08121.

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OAC Redstar is a determinate bush dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with early maturity and good yield potential. It is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus as well as race 17 of anthracnose. Its seed has acceptable cooking and canning quality. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., kidney bean, common bean, cultivar description

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18

Park, S. J. "Harowood common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-156.

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Harowood is a late-maturing, high-yielding white (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a semideterminate growth habit. The main advantages of Harowood over other cultivars are its more erect plant type which forms a narrow canopy and its high podding nodes which make the crop suitable for narrow row production and direct combining. Harowood is resistant to the alpha and delta races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., dry edible (navy, pea) bean, upright plant type, cultivar description

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19

Michaels, T. E., and T. H. Smith. "OAC Thunder common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-011.

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OAC Thunder is an indeterminate bush white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar intended for use in areas with greater than 2600 crop heat units. It has excellent yield potential in either wide or narrow row production and is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Seed has acceptable cooking and canning quality. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., white bean, common bean, cultivar description

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20

Smith, T. H., T. E. Michaels, A. M. Lindsay, and K. P. Pauls. "OAC Lyrik common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08118.

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OAC Lyrik is a determinate light red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It has excellent yield potential in wide row production and a large seed size. OAC Lyrik is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus and race 7 of anthracnose. It has acceptable cooking and canning qualities. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., kidney bean, common bean, cultivar description

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21

Udayashankar, Arakere C., Chandra S. Nayaka, Basavaraju Archana, Usha Nayak, Siddapura R. Niranjana, and H. S. Prakash. "Strobilurins Seed Treatment Enhances Resistance of Common Bean Against Bean common mosaic virus." Journal of Phytopathology 160, no. 11-12 (September 18, 2012): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12006.

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22

Damayanti, T. A., O. J. Alabi, A. Rauf, and R. A. Naidu. "The Occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus in Yardlong Beans in Indonesia." Plant Disease 94, no. 4 (April 2010): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-4-0478b.

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Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) is extensively cultivated in Indonesia for consumption as a green vegetable. During the 2008 season, a severe outbreak of a virus-like disease occurred in yardlong beans grown in farmers' fields in Bogor, Bekasi, Subang, Indramayu, and Cirebon of West Java, Tanggerang of Banten, and Pekalongan and Muntilan of Central Java. Leaves of infected plants showed severe mosaic to bright yellow mosaic and vein-clearing symptoms, and pods were deformed and also showed mosaic symptoms on the surface. In cv. 777, vein-clearing was observed, resulting in a netting pattern on symptomatic leaves followed by death of the plants as the season advanced. Disease incidence in the Bogor region was approximately 80%, resulting in 100% yield loss. Symptomatic leaf samples from five representative plants tested positive in antigen-coated plate-ELISA with potyvirus group-specific antibodies (AS-573/1; DSMZ, German Resource Center for Biological Material, Braunschweig, Germany) and antibodies to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; AS-0929). To confirm these results, viral nucleic acids eluted from FTA classic cards (FTA Classic Card, Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK) were subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using potyvirus degenerate primers (CIFor: 5′-GGIVVIGTIGGIWSIGGIAARTCIAC-3′ and CIRev: 5′-ACICCRTTYTCDATDATRTTIGTIGC-3′) (3) and degenerate primers (CMV-1F: 5′-ACCGCGGGTCTTATTATGGT-3′ and CMV-1R: 5′ ACGGATTCAAACTGGGAGCA-3′) specific for CMV subgroup I (1). A single DNA product of approximately 683 base pairs (bp) with the potyvirus-specific primers and a 382-bp fragment with the CMV-specific primers were amplified from ELISA-positive samples. These results indicated the presence of a potyvirus and CMV as mixed infections in all five samples. The amplified fragments specific to potyvirus (four samples) and CMV (three samples) were cloned separately into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). Two independent clones per amplicon were sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of these sequences showed 93 to 100% identity among the cloned amplicons produced using the potyvirus-specific primers (GenBank Accessions Nos. FJ653916, FJ653917, FJ653918, FJ653919, FJ653920, FJ653921, FJ653922, FJ653923, FJ653924, FJ653925, and FJ653926) and 92 to 97% with a corresponding nucleotide sequence of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) from Taiwan (No. AY575773) and 88 to 90% with BCMV sequences from China (No. AJ312438) and the United States (No. AY863025). The sequence analysis indicated that BCMV isolates from yardlong bean are more closely related to an isolate from Taiwan than with isolates from China and the United States. The CMV isolates (GenBank No. FJ687054) each were 100% identical and 96% identical with corresponding sequences of CMV subgroup I isolates from Thailand (No. AJ810264) and Malaysia (No. DQ195082). Both BCMV and CMV have been documented in soybean, mungbean, and peanut in East Java of Indonesia (2). Previously, BCMV, but not CMV, was documented on yardlong beans in Guam (4). To our knowledge, this study represents the first confirmed report of CMV in yardlong bean in Indonesia and is further evidence that BCMV is becoming established in Indonesia. References: (1) J. Aramburu et al. J. Phytopathol. 155:513, 2007. (2) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 72:994, 1988. (3) C. Ha et al. Arch. Virol. 153:25, 2008. (4) G. C. Wall et al. Micronesica 29:101, 1996.

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23

Guzman, P., M. R. Rojas, R. M. Davis, K. Kimble, R. Stewart, F. J. Sundstrom, and R. L. Gilbertson. "First Report of Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Potyvirus (BCMNV) Infecting Common Bean in California." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (July 1997): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.831b.

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During the 1996 growing season (June to September) an outbreak of bean common mosaic was detected in a navy bean field (cv. Snow Bunting) in Colusa County, CA. Early field inspections (August 1996) revealed an incidence of 5 to 10% infection, whereas a late field inspection (September) showed an incidence of 70 to 90% infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on 18 leaf samples from symptomatic plants collected from this field with two monoclonal antibodies (Mab): Mab I-2, which detects bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) strains (previously necrotic or serotype A bean common mosaic potyvirus [BCMV] strains), and Mab 197, which detects BCMV strains (previously non-necrotic or serotype B BCMV strains) and BCMNV (3). ELISA results indicated BCMNV infection in all 18 samples. In order to confirm ELISA results and to further characterize the viral isolate(s), primary leaves of the differential bean cvs. Black Turtle Soup (BTS) T-39, Topcrop, Amanda, and Sutter Pink were inoculated mechanically with sap prepared from the same leaves used for ELISA. Within 1 week, BTS T-39 and Topcrop plants showed necrotic spots on inoculated leaves and systemic necrosis and death (black root rot symptoms), Sutter Pink showed typical systemic mosaic symptoms, and Amanda showed necrotic spots and restricted vein necrosis on inoculated leaves. These reactions were consistent with infection by the NL-3 strain of BCMNV (1). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a portion of the genome of the virus that contains the 3′ end of the coat protein (CP) gene and the 3′ untranslated region (UTR). A DNA fragment of approximately 670 bp was amplified and DNA sequence analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequences of the 3′ end of the CP and the UTR region of the California BCMNV isolate were 98 and 94% similar to those of the Michigan isolate of the BCMNV NL-3 strain (2), respectively. Together, these results suggest that the outbreak of bean common mosaic in the cv. Snow Bunting navy beans was caused by a pathogroup VI BCMNV isolate, and DNA sequence information suggests that it is similar to the NL-3 strain of BCMNV. This is the first report of BCMNV in California. References: (1) E. Drijfhout et al. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 84:13, 1978. (2) G. F. Fang et al. Virus Res. 39:13, 1995. (3) G. I. Mink et al. Arch. Virol. S:397, 1992.

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24

Park, S. J., J. C. Tu, and T. Rupert. "AC CALMONT common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-020.

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AC Calmont is a high-yielding dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with medium-full season maturity in Ontario. Its main advantages are high yielding potential and disease resistance. Seed has acceptable cooking/canning quality. AC Calmont is resistant to alpha, alpha Brazil and delta races of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and is resistant to bean common mosaic virus races 1 and 15. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, dry bean, cultivar description

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25

Petrovic, Dragana, Maja Ignjatov, Zorica Nikolic, Milka Vujakovic, Mirjana Vasic, Mirjana Milosevic, and Ksenija Taski-Ajdukovic. "Occurrence and distribution of viruses infecting the bean in Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 3 (2010): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1003595p.

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This work describes the incidence and distribution of the most important bean viruses in Serbia: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). The viral isolates were characterized serologically and biologically. BCMV was found in the largest number of plants (30.53%), followed by BCMNV (2.67%), CMV (5.34%), and AMV (3.41%), since BYMV was not determined. Mixed viral infections were found in several samples. The RT-PCR method was used to prove that the tested isolates belong to the BCMV, family Potyviridae and strains Russian and NL-3 D. Results obtained in this work will enable further studies of the genetic variability of bean virus isolates from Serbia. .

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26

Velez, Jose J., Mark J. Bassett, James S. Beaver, and Albeiro Molina. "Inheritance of Resistance to Bean Golden Mosaic Virus in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 4 (July 1998): 628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.4.628.

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The inheritance of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied in crosses between susceptible bean variety XAN176 and resistant breeding lines 9236-6 (T446/A429) and 9245-94 (DOR303/T968). Disease response data were taken on plants from four generations derived from each cross (parents, F1, F2, and backcrosses (BCs) of F1 to both parents) at 25 days after plants were inoculated with BGMV, using whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) as vectors. The segregation ratios obtained from F2 and BC generations were consistent with the hypothesis that resistance in 9236-6, which prevents a chlorotic response, is conferred by a single recessive gene. The disease response in 9245-94 was controlled by two genes—a dominant gene controlling a dwarfing reaction and a recessive resistance gene preventing a chlorotic response to BGMV infection. An allelism test demonstrated that the gene controlling resistance in 9236-6 is nonallelic with the recessive gene controlling resistance in 9245-94. The gene symbol bgm is proposed for the recessive resistance gene (originally from A429) in 9236-6. The gene symbol bgm-2 is proposed for the recessive resistance gene (originally from DOR303) in 9245-94.

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27

Miklas, P. N., J. S. Beaver, J. R. Steadman, M. J. Silbernagel, and G. F. Freytag. "Registration of Three Bean Common Mosaic Virus‐Resistant Navy Bean Germplasms." Crop Science 37, no. 3 (May 1997): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700030086x.

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28

Wainaina, James M., Laura Kubatko, Jagger Harvey, Elijah Ateka, Timothy Makori, David Karanja, Laura M. Boykin, and Monica A. Kehoe. "Evolutionary insights of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus." PeerJ 7 (February 13, 2019): e6297. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6297.

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Plant viral diseases are one of the major limitations in legume production within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as they account for up to 100% in production losses within smallholder farms. In this study, field surveys were conducted in the western highlands of Kenya with viral symptomatic leaf samples collected. Subsequently, next-generation sequencing was carried out to gain insights into the molecular evolution and evolutionary relationships of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) present within symptomatic common bean and cowpea. Eleven near-complete genomes of BCMNV and two for CABMV were obtained from western Kenya. Bayesian phylogenomic analysis and tests for differential selection pressure within sites and across tree branches of the viral genomes were carried out. Three well–supported clades in BCMNV and one supported clade for CABMNV were resolved and in agreement with individual gene trees. Selection pressure analysis within sites and across phylogenetic branches suggested both viruses were evolving independently, but under strong purifying selection, with a slow evolutionary rate. These findings provide valuable insights on the evolution of BCMNV and CABMV genomes and their relationship to other viral genomes globally. The results will contribute greatly to the knowledge gap involving the phylogenomic relationship of these viruses, particularly for CABMV, for which there are few genome sequences available, and inform the current breeding efforts towards resistance for BCMNV and CABMV.

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29

Park, S. J., and J. C. Tu. "AC Darkid common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-027.

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AC Darkid is a high-yielding dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar maturing in mid-season in Ontario. Its main advantages are high yield potential and earlier maturity than presently recommended dark red kidney beans in Ontario. Seed has acceptable cooking/canning quality. AC Darkid is resistant to alpha and alpha Brazilian races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of BCMV. Key words: Dark red kidney, Phaseolus vulgaris, dry edible bean, cultivar description, anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, bean common mosaic virus

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30

Michaels, T. E., T. H. Smith, J. Larsen, A. D. Beattie, and K. P. Pauls. "OAC Rex common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 3 (July 7, 2006): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-128.

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OAC Rex is an upright indeterminate bush white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar intended for use in areas with greater than 2800 crop heat units. It has good yield potential in either wide or narrow row production. It is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus and is the first common bean cultivar resistant to common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) in Ontario. Seed has acceptable cooking and canning quality. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., white bean, common bean, common bacterial blight, cultivar description

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31

Shahraeen, N., T. Ghotbi, A. Dezaje Elkhache, and A. Sahandi. "A Survey of Viruses Affecting French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Iran Includes a First Report of Southern bean mosaic virus and Bean pod mottle virus." Plant Disease 89, no. 9 (September 2005): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1012b.

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A survey was conducted from 2003 to 2004 to identify viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different growing areas of East Azarbaejan Province of Iran. A total of 300 French bean samples with symptoms of viral infection (mosaic, vein clearing, leaf rolling, yellowing, and leaf distortion) were collected. The samples were tested for eight viruses using the tissue-blot immunoassay procedures (TBIA) (2) and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions (DSMZ, Braun-schweig, Germany). ELISA tests for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV), and Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) were used. In addition, antiserum was provided by S. A. Ghabrial (University of Kentucky, Lexington) to test for Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Serological tests showed that SBMV and BPMV were present in 12% (35 samples) and 5% (15 samples) of samples, respectively. BCMV, BCMNV, BYMV, BLRV, CMV, and AMV were more common and were detected in 155, 105, 80, 46, 30, and 10 samples of 300 samples, respectively. These six viruses were previously reported in other pulses and in French bean in Iran (1). The presence of SBMV and BPMV were verified in samples by transmission to French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max) indicator test plants (3,4). Inoculation with extracts from SBMV-positive plants produced systemic mottle and mosaic symptoms in soybean (cv. Gorgan-3) and French bean (cvs. Dubbele Witte and Cheete). In cowpea (cv. Mashad) and French bean (cv. Pinto), inoculation produced necrotic local lesions. Inoculation with extracts from BPMV-positive plants produced severe mosaic, leaf distortion, and puckering in soybean (cv. Gorgan-3) and French bean (cv. Ten-dergreen). No symptoms were observed in cowpea (cv. Mashad). Cvs. Pinto and Bountiful bean reacted with necrotic local lesions. All indicator test plants tested positive for the presence of SBMV or BPMV as expected using DAS-ELISA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV and SBMV naturally infecting French bean in Iran. These viruses can cause a serious problem to other leguminous crops grown in Iran. References: (1) W. J. Kaiser et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 52:687, 1968. (2) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (3) J. S. Semancik. Bean pod mottle virus. No. 108 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1972. (4) J. H. Tremain and R. I. Hamilton. Southern bean mosaic virus. No. 274 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983.

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Abadkhah, Mahsa, Mohammad Hajizadeh, and Davoud Koolivand. "Global population genetic structure of Bean common mosaic virus." Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 53, no. 5-6 (March 15, 2020): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2020.1743525.

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Kelly, J. D., L. Afanador, and S. D. Haley. "Pyramiding genes for resistance to bean common mosaic virus." Euphytica 82, no. 3 (1995): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00029562.

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Mwaipopo, Beatrice, Susan Nchimbi-Msolla, Paul J. R. Njau, Deogratius Mark, and Deusdedith R. Mbanzibwa. "Comprehensive Surveys of Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus and Molecular Evidence for Occurrence of Other Phaseolus vulgaris Viruses in Tanzania." Plant Disease 102, no. 11 (November 2018): 2361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-18-0198-re.

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Virus diseases are among the main biotic factors constraining common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Tanzania. Disease management requires information on types, distribution, incidence, and genetic variation of the causal viruses, which is currently limited. Thus, a countrywide comprehensive survey was conducted. Use of a next-generation sequencing technique enabled simultaneous detection of 15 viruses belonging to 11 genera. De novo assembly resulted in many contigs, including complete or nearly complete sequences of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV). Some viruses (for example, SBMV and Tomato leaf curl Uganda virus-related begomovirus) were detected for the first time in common bean in Tanzania. Visually assessed virus-like disease incidence ranged from 0 to 98% but reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-based incidence of BCMV and BCMNV (7,756 samples) was mostly less than 40%. The Sanger-based nucleotide sequences encoding coat proteins of BCMV and BCMNV isolates were 90.2 to 100% and 97.1 to 100% identical to each other, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BCMV isolates were more diverse than BCMNV isolates. The information generated in this study will contribute to the development of molecular diagnostic tools and strategies for management of virus diseases nationally and internationally. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

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., Melinda, Tri Asmira Damayanti, and Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat. "IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN PENYAKIT MOSAIK KUNING KACANG PANJANG." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 15, no. 2 (March 25, 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.215132-140.

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Molecular identification of bean common mosaic virus associated with yellow mosaic disease on yard long bean. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) has been reported as one of the causal agents of yellow mosaic disease on yard long bean in West Java and Central Java. Infected plants showed mosaic, yellowing, and mixture of yellow mosaic. The research was conducted to identify the diversity of BCMV associated with yellow mosaic disease based on coat protein (CP) gene sequences. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from yard long bean growing areas in several districts in West Java (Bogor, Cirebon, Subang, and Indramayu), and several districts in Central Java (Tegal, Klaten, Solo, Yogjakarta, Sleman, and Magelang). Molecular detection using RT-PCR method was carried out by using specific primer to BCMV which will amplify the CP gene. DNA fragment, + 860 bp in size, was successfully amplified from 8 out of 13 leaf samples, i.e samples from three villages in Bogor District (Cangkurawok, Bubulak, Bojong), and five samples from District of Cirebon, Subang, Solo, Sleman, and Tegal. Sequence analysis of those DNA fragment showed that 4 isolates (Bogor-Cangkurawok, Subang, Solo and Sleman) had the highest homology to BCMV-BlC from Taiwan, whereas 2 isolates (Cirebon and Tegal) had the highest homology to BCMVNL1 from England. Further, phyllogenetic analysis revealed that those of 4 isolates were closely related to BCMV-BlC from Taiwan based on nucleotide as well as amino acid sequences; while those other 2 isolates were closely related to BCMV-NL1 from England based on nucleotide sequences but closely related to BCMV-BlC Y from China based on amino acid sequences. Phyllogenetic analysis showed that those of 6 BCMV isolates separated in two different clusters; 4 isolates (Bogor- Cangkurawok, Subang, Solo, and Sleman) in cluster 1 together with BCMV-BlC from Taiwan, while other 2 isolates (Cirebon and Tegal) in cluster 2 together with BCMV-NL1.

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Rastgou, Mina, and Masoumeh Jalali. "Natural incidence of bean viruses in the northwest of Iran." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 109, no. 2 (September 26, 2017): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.16.

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<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Bean is considered as one of the most important legumes around the world. Viral diseases are a major yield reducing factor in bean production. Bean samples with virus-like symptoms like severe or mild mosaic, vein banding, leaf curling, blistering and necrosis were collected from different bean fields in Urmia (Northwest of Iran) during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014. <em>Bean common mosaic virus</em> (BCMV), <em>Bean common mosaic necrosis virus</em> (BCMNV), <em>Bean yellow mosaic virus</em> (BYMV), <em>Cucumber mosaic virus</em> (CMV), <em>Tomato spotted wilt virus</em> (TSWV), <em>Tomato mosaic virus</em> (ToMV) and <em>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</em> (TYLCV) were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. Mixed infection of BCMV and BCMNV were found. BCMNV was the most frequent virus in this region whereas BYMV and TYLCV were each detected just in one sample. This is the first report of BCMNV, BCMV, BYMV, TSWV, TMV and TYLCV incidence on bean in Urmia, Iran.</span></p>

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Mündel, H. H., F. A. Kiehn, G. Saindon, H. C. Huang, and R. L. Conner. "Alert common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-069.

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Alert is a high-yielding, semi-erect great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Morden Research Station. Alert is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies, yielding significantly higher than the check cultivar, US1140, at 130% in the official Manitoba Dry Bean Co-operative Registration Trials. Alert is moderately resistant to white mold and resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). It is susceptible to the alpha and alpha Brazil races of anthracnose, but resistant to the delta race. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, great northern bean, cultivar description, high yield

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Bianchini, Anésio, Juliana Sawada Buratto, Nelson da Silva Fonseca Júnior, Vânia Moda-Cirino, and Solange Monteiro de Toledo Piza Gomes Carneiro. "IPR CELEIRO: Common bean cultivar moderately resistant to bean golden mosaic virus." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 19, no. 4 (December 2019): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332019v19n4c64.

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39

Green, J. C., W. B. Borth, M. J. Melzer, Y. N. Wang, I. Hamim, and J. S. Hu. "First Report of Bean common mosaic virus Infecting Lima Bean in Hawaii." Plant Disease 101, no. 8 (August 2017): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-17-0125-pdn.

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40

Mulenga, Rabson M., Douglas W. Miano, Evans Kaimoyo, Juliet Akello, Felister M. Nzuve, Maher Al Rwahnih, Patrick C. Chikoti, Martin Chiona, Edgar Simulundu, and Olufemi J. Alabi. "First Report of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus Infecting Common Bean in Zambia." Plant Disease 104, no. 6 (June 2020): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-19-2390-pdn.

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41

Strausbaugh, C. A., J. R. Myers, R. L. Forster, and P. E. McClean. "A Quantitative Method to Screen Common Bean Plants for Resistance to Bean common mosaic necrosis virus." Phytopathology® 93, no. 11 (November 2003): 1430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.11.1430.

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A quantitative method to screen common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants for resistance to Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) is described. Four parameters were assessed in developing the quantitative method: symptoms associated with systemic virus movement, plant vigor, virus titer, and plant dry weight. Based on these parameters, two rating systems (V and VV rating) were established. Plants from 21 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a Sierra (susceptible) × Olathe (partially resistant) cross inoculated with the BCMNV-NL-3 K strain were used to evaluate this quantitative approach. In all, 11 RILs exhibited very susceptible reactions and 10 RILs expressed partially resistant reactions, thus fitting a 1:1 susceptible/partially resistant ratio (χ2 = 0.048, P = 0.827) and suggesting that the response is mediated by a single gene. Using the classical qualitative approach based only on symptom expression, the RILs were difficult to separate into phenotypic groups because of a continuum of responses. By plotting mean percent reduction in either V (based on visual symptoms) or VV (based on visual symptoms and vigor) rating versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) absorbance values, RILs could be separated clearly into different phenotypic groups. The utility of this quantitative approach also was evaluated on plants from 12 cultivars or pure lines inoculated with one of three strains of BCMNV. Using the mean VV rating and ELISA absorbance values, significant differences were established not only in cultivar and pure line comparisons but also in virus strain comparisons. This quantitative system should be particularly useful for the evaluation of the independent action of bc genes, the discovery of new genes associated with partial resistance, and assessing virulence of virus strains.

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42

Naderpour, M., M. Mohammadi, G. H. Mossahebi, and M. Koohi-Habibi. "Identification of Three Strains of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in Common Bean from Iran." Plant Disease 94, no. 1 (January 2010): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-1-0127a.

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Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV; genus Potyvirus) has been recognized as a major constraint on bean production in Iran. BCMV and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) have been reported from bean-growing regions of Iran (2,3), but no attempts were made to differentiate strains of BCMNV. During the early growing seasons of 2003 and 2004, 141 bean leaf samples suspected of BCMV infection were collected from the main bean-producing regions in Tehran Province (Varamin, Damavand, Boein Zahra, Hashtgerd, and Karaj). Symptoms included mild and severe mosaic, leaf curling, malformation, vein-banding, vein-clearing, mottle, and blister on the leaves. In addition, seeds of green bean and Chiti bean (300 each) were obtained from seed lots in Tabriz (East Azarbaijan) and Miyando-Âb (West Azarbaijan) and planted in the greenhouse. Emerging seedlings were subsequently screened for BCMV infection by ELISA and sodium dodecyl sulfate-Ouchterlony double diffusion test. Anti-BCMV polyclonal antisera used in this study included those raised specifically against NL-1, NL-3, NL-4, NL-6, NL-5, NL-8, and NY-15 strains. Seedborne viral infection on newly emerged seedlings varied (2 to 5%) depending on the province and bean cultivar. Seedborne symptoms were characterized as leaf curling, malformation, and necrosis. Among indicator plants used for host range determination, symptom characterization, and biological purification of BCMV, only Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney developed chlorotic local lesions in response to the BCMV inoculation. Further, P. vulgaris L. cvs. Bountiful, Red Kidney, and Stringless Green Refugee developed leaf mosaic and malformation as a systemic reaction to the inoculation. Of 172 isolates of BCMV investigated, seven representative strains, designated as A (37.2%), B (11%), C (9.3%), D (7.5%), E (12.2%), M (7.5%), and N (15.1%), were selected on the basis of symptom development on the indicator plants and serological tests with strain-specific polyclonal antisera. Thermal inactivation point, dilution end point, and longevity in vitro of the selected BCMNV strains were in the range of 60 to 65°C, -3-(-4), and 3 to 4 days, respectively. Pathogenicity groups of the selected strains were determined by symptom response (sensitive or resistance) at 26 and 32°C in the bean differential host range (1). The designated strains B and E from Tehran Province were assigned to standard strain NL-3 or pathotype VIa, strains A, C, and D from Tehran Province were assigned to standard strain NL-5 or pathotype VIb, and strains M and N from Azarbaijan Province were assigned to standard strain NL-8 or pathotype III. Western immunoblot analysis of viral capsid protein revealed that unlike NL-8, the BCMNV strains NL-3 and NL-5 had the apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa, which was slightly less than that of reference strain NL-8 (33 kDa), thus further confirming that these strains belong to serotype A of BCMV (e.g., BCMNV). Electron microscopy study showed that the virion particles were flexuous, filamentous, and unenveloped. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the differentiation of BCMNV strains from Iran. References: (1) E. Drijfhout. Page 1 in: Agriculture Research Report 872. Centre for Agriculture 46 Publishing and Documentation. Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1978. (2) W. J. Kaiser and G. H. Mossahebi. Phytopathology 64:1209, 1974. (3) N. Shahraeen et al. Plant Dis. 89:1012, 2005.

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Manjunatha, N., K. T. Rangaswamy, N. Nagaraju, M. Krishna Reddy, H. A. Prameela, and S. H. Manjunath. "Biological relationship of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) infecting cowpea with leguminous plant species." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1505.

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Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) associated with cowpea mechanically inoculated to different legumi-nous plants. Out of nineteen including cowpea Var.C-152, the virus was easily transferred to ten different legumi-nous hosts. All other hosts assessed for the presence of BCMV were found to be uninfected. The number of days taken for symptom expression and symptoms were varied within plant species. Pole bean expressed mosaic symp-tom after long incubation period (15-18 days) whereas, shorter incubation period was observed in common bean and rice bean (7- 10 days). BCMV produced chlorosis, mosaic, leaf distortion, puckering, vein banding, vein clearing and vein netting on cowpea(C-152). A typical virus symptom, mosaic was observed in green gram, common bean, lime bean, rice bean and yard long bean, whereas, leaf rolling and leaf distortion was observed in black gram, pole bean and snap bean. The virus-host relationship was confirmed by back inoculation test to C. amaranticolor. Further symptomatic plants were subjected for Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for molecular confirmation using BCMV coat protein (CP) specific primer pair. A PCR fragment size of 439bp was amplified for the symptomatic plants. The results generated indicated the ability of a plant to support virus expression and host speci-ficity of BMCV within the leguminous plant species.

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Jo, Yeonhwa, Kook-Hyung Kim, and Won Kyong Cho. "First report of bean common mosaic virus infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Korea." Journal of Plant Pathology 103, no. 3 (June 9, 2021): 1061–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00868-4.

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45

Omunyin, M. E., E. M. Gathuru, and D. M. Mukunya. "Effect of Bean Common Mosaic Virus on Growth and Yield of Beans." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 54, no. 1-2 (July 1988): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1988.11663544.

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46

Larsen, Richard C., Phillip N. Miklas, Keri L. Druffel, and Stephen D. Wyatt. "NL-3 K Strain Is a Stable and Naturally Occurring Interspecific Recombinant Derived from Bean common mosaic necrosis virus and Bean common mosaic virus." Phytopathology® 95, no. 9 (September 2005): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-1037.

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A strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) from Idaho was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies and determined to be similar to the NL-3 D strain (of Drifjhout) by reaction of differential bean cultivars. However, this BCMNV strain (designated NL-3 K) caused earlier and more severe symptoms on bean plants representing host groups 0, 4, and 5. The nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted polyprotein of NL-3 K was 9,893 nucleotides (nt) in length, yielding a peptide with a molecular size of 362.1 kDa compared with a 9,626-nt, 350.9-kDa polyprotein for NL-3 D. Sequence analysis of the putative P1 protein suggests that the NL-3 K strain is a recombinant between NL-3 D and the Russian strain (RU1) of Bean common mosaic virus. The P1 protein of NL-3 K consisted of 415 amino acids compared with 317 for NL-3 D. The first 114 predicted amino acids of the NL-3 K P1 region were 98% identical with RU1. The remaining 301 amino acids of the protein shared only 34% identity with RU1 but were 98% identical with NL-3 D. Primers were designed that flanked the recombination point in the P1 coding sequence of NL-3 K. An amplicon of the expected size was produced by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of total nucleic acid extracts of bean plants inoculated with NL-3 K, but not from those with NL-3 D or RU1. The increased symptom severity on selected common bean lines induced by NL-3 K suggests that the P1 gene may play a significant role in pathogenicity and virulence.

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Ferdinand A. Kiehn, Hans-Henning Mündel,, Henry C. Huang, Robert L. Conner, and Gilles Saindon. "Black Violet common bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-060.

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Black Violet is a high-yielding, large-seeded, purple-podded, upright black dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Research Station, Morden. Black V iolet is well adapted to the Canadian prairies, with high yields equal to the high-yielding check cultivar, AC Harblack, in narrow rows. Black Violet is moderately resistant to white mould, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary; resistant to the Delta race and moderately resistant to race 1216 of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.; and resistant to race 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Key words: Common bean, Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, black bean, cultivar description, high yielding

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48

Provvidenti, R. "Inheritance of Resistance to the NL-8 Strain of Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus in Bean." HortScience 36, no. 5 (August 2001): 958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.5.958.

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Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) includes four African strains, BCMNV-NL3, -NL-5, -NL8, and -TN1, previously considered to be members of the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) group. Many bean cultivars resistant to BCMNV-NL8 were found to be susceptible to the other strains of the virus. `California Light Red Kidney' (CLRK) and `Carbon', resistant to BCMNV-NL8, were crossed with the susceptible cultivars Sanilac or Black Turtle 2 (BT-2). In plants of F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross populations involving CLRK × `Sanilac' or BT-2 × `Carbon', the resistance to BCMVN-NL8 was determined to be conferred by a single dominant factor. The same factor was detected in BCMNV-NL8-resistant `Great Northern 1140' and `IVT-7214, when crossed with the susceptible cultivar Stringless Refugee or BT-2.

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PARK, S. J., J. C. TU, J. W. AYLESWORTH, and R. I. BUZZELL. "CENTRALIA FIELD BEAN." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-141.

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Centralia is a medium-early short vine white (navy or pea) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar that matured 2 d later than OAC Seaforth and 3 d earlier than Harokent in Ontario field bean cultivar trials. Its main advantage is its high seed yield as an early-maturing cultivar outyielding Midland by about 11%. Its cooking quality is acceptable and similar to that of recommended white bean cultivars in Ontario. Centralia is resistant to all domestic races of bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus.Key words: Cultivar description, white (navy, pea, common or dry edible) bean, bean anthracnose, bean common mosaic virus

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Idris, A. M., E. Hiebert, J. Bird, and J. K. Brown. "Two Newly Described Begomoviruses of Macroptilium lathyroides and Common Bean." Phytopathology® 93, no. 7 (July 2003): 774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.7.774.

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Macroptilium lathyroides, a perennial weed in the Caribbean region and Central America, is a host of Macroptilium yellow mosaic Florida virus (MaYMFV) and Macroptilium mosaic Puerto Rico virus (MaMPRV). The genomes of MaYMFV and MaMPRV were cloned from M. lathyroides and/or field-infected bean and the DNA sequences were determined. Cloned A and B components for both viruses were infectious when inoculated to M. lathyroides and common bean. Comparison of the DNA sequences for cloned A and B components with well-studied begomovirus indicated that MaMPRV (bean and M. lathyroides) and MaYMFV (M. lathyroides) are unique, previously undescribed begomo-viruses from the Western Hemisphere. Phylogenetic analysis of viral A components indicated that the closest relative of MaYMFV are members of the Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) group, at 76 to 78% nucleotide identity, whereas the closest relative for the A component of MaMPRV was Rhynchosia golden mosaic virus at 78% nucleotide identity. In contrast, BGYMV is the closest relative for the B component of both MaYMFV and MaMPRV, with which they share ≈68.0 and ≈72% identity, respectively. The incongruent taxonomic placement for the bipartite components for MaMPRV indicates that they did not evolve entirely along a common path. MaYMFV and MaMPRV caused distinctive symptoms in bean and M. lathyroides and were transmissible by the whitefly vector and by grafting; however, only MaYMFV was mechanically transmissible. The experimental host range for the two viruses was similar and included species within the families Fabaceae and Malvaceae, but only MaYMFV infected Malva parviflora and soybean. These results collectively indicate that MaMPRV and MaYMFV are new, previously undescribed species of the BGYMV group, a clade previously known to contain only strains and isolates of BGYMV from the Caribbean region that infect Phaseolus spp. Both MaYMFV and MaMPRV may pose an economic threat to bean production in the region.

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