Academic literature on the topic 'Beans Diseases and pests Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Beans Diseases and pests Australia"
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Nichols, P. G. H., R. A. C. Jones, T. J. Ridsdill-Smith, and M. J. Barbetti. "Genetic improvement of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 2. Breeding for disease and pest resistance." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14031.
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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most widely sown pasture legume in southern Australia and resistance to important diseases and pests has been a major plant-breeding objective. Kabatiella caulivora, the cause of clover scorch, is the most important foliar fungal pathogen, and several cultivars have been developed with resistance to both known races. Screening of advanced breeding lines has been conducted to prevent release of cultivars with high susceptibility to other important fungal foliar disease pathogens, including rust (Uromyces trifolii-repentis), powdery mildew (Oidium sp.), cercospora (Cercospora zebrina) and common leaf spot (Pseudopeziza trifolii). Several oomycete and fungal species cause root rots of subterranean clover, including Phytophthora clandestina, Pythium irregulare, Aphanomyces trifolii, Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani. Most breeding efforts have been devoted to resistance to P. clandestina, but the existence of different races has confounded selection. The most economically important virus diseases in subterranean clover pastures are Subterranean clover mottle virus and Bean yellow mosaic virus, while Subterranean clover stunt virus, Subterranean clover red leaf virus (local synonym for Soybean dwarf virus), Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Beet western yellows virus and Bean leaf roll virus also cause losses. Genotypic differences for resistance have been found to several of these fungal, oomycete and viral pathogens, highlighting the potential to develop cultivars with improved resistance. The most important pests of subterranean clover are redlegged earth mite (RLEM) (Halotydeus destructor), blue oat mite (Penthaleus major), blue-green aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) and lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis). New cultivars have been bred with increased RLEM cotyledon resistance, but limited selection has been conducted for resistance to other pests. Screening for disease and pest resistance has largely ceased, but recent molecular biology advances in subterranean clover provide a new platform for development of future cultivars with multiple resistances to important diseases and pests. However, this can only be realised if skills in pasture plant pathology, entomology, pre-breeding and plant breeding are maintained and adequately resourced. In particular, supporting phenotypic disease and pest resistance studies and understanding their significance is critical to enable molecular technology investments achieve practical outcomes and deliver subterranean clover cultivars with sufficient pathogen and pest resistance to ensure productive pastures across southern Australia.
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Vuković, Slavica, Dragana Šunjka, Aleksandra Alavanja, Dragana Bošković, and Antonije Žunić. "The most important diseases and pests of beans and green beans and the possibility of their control." Biljni lekar 49, no. 6 (2021): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2106815v.
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The production of beans and green beans in our country takes place in relatively small areas, and it is additionally reduced by the presence of various harmful agents (pests and diseases). Economically significant diseases of beans and green beans are gray rot (Botrytis cinerea), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), seedling rot, and seedling blight (Pythium sp.), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. phaseoli), bean rust (Uromyces phaseoli), anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), gray leaf spot (Mycosphaerella pinodes), brown leaf spot or bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli), and bean mosaic virus. Five plant protection products (PPPs) based on four active substances have been registered in our country for the control of pathogens in beans and green beans. Signifi cant pests of beans and green beans in our country are black aphid (Aphis fabae), thrips (Kakothrips robustus), plant aphids (family Aphididae), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), as well as red spider mite and Atlantic (strawberry) spider mite (Tetranichus urticae and Tetranichus turkestani). Eight PPPs, based on seven active substances, have been registered for the control of pests in the crop of beans and green beans. This paper aimed to present the registered PPPs in the Republic of Serbia for the control of the most economically important pathogens and pests of beans and green beans, classified according to the mode of action.
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Guantai, Mary, George Momanyi, Thomas Kosiom, and Isaac Macharia. "Host status of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on French beans in Kenya." African Phytosanitary Journal 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52855/bqff3429.
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Production of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a vegetable is important as a source of livelihood and income generation to smallholder farmers. However, production of this crop has not been optimal due to various constraints. Among the most important ones is pest and diseases. In Kenya, major pests reported in French beans include the western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis), Bean fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli) aphids (Aphis fabae), red spider mites (Tetranychus spp.), the African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) and white flies (Bemisia tabaci). Although Tephritidae flies are major pests of fruits and vegetables in Africa, Kenya included, they are no reports to indicate that they attack French beans. However, a previous pest risk analysis report indicates that the crop is host to some species such as Dacus ciliatus and Bactrocera cucurbitaceae. In an effort to secure the international market, we conducted a study to assess French beans from Kenya to establish whether they are indeed hosts to fruit flies or not. The study was conducted in Machakos, Meru, Murang’a, Laikipia and Nyeri regions in the year 2020. In each of the study regions, sampling of pods was carried out in private farms that were planting French beans for export. A total of 2375 samples were collected from various locations in the field and from exit point for analysis. Results showed that, none of the developmental stages of fruit flies (Tephritidae) was present in any of the sampled French beans pods (Field and exit point samples). However, bean seed fly (Delia platura), bean fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli) and one beetle was recorded in some of the samples. From our study we conclude that French beans is not a host to Tephritidae fruit flies. However, we recommend host preference tests in the laboratory and greenhouse to establish the oviposition potential of the fruit flies to French beans. Key words: Phaseolus, samples, fruit, pods, preference, oviposition
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Muthomi, James, A. M. Fulano, J. M. Wagacha, and A. W. Mwang’ombe. "Management of Snap Bean Insect Pests and Diseases by Use of Antagonistic Fungi and Plant Extracts." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 3 (June 17, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n3p52.
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Use of synthetic pesticides reduces the competitiveness of Kenyan snap bean pods due to stringent regulations by importers as a result of presence of chemical residues. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of local biopesticides in managing insect pests and diseases of snap beans. Field experiments were set up in farmer's field where Trichoderma spp. and Paecilomyce spp. and plant extracts from turmeric, garlic, ginger and lemon were applied weekly as foliar sprays. Plant extracts reduced the population of whiteflies and thrips by up to 58% and 41% while antagonistic fungi had a corresponding 30% and 18% reduction, respectively. Trichoderma spp. reduced severity of angular leaf spot (37.5%), rust (67%) and anthracnose (20.7%). Plant extracts and antagonistic fungi increased marketable pod yield by 25.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Results demonstrated that local environments are potential sources of biopesticides that can be exploited for integrated management of pests and diseases.
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Seamark, Robert F. "Biotech prospects for the control of introduced mammals in Australia." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 8 (2001): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01073.
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More than twenty exotic vertebrate species are now listed as pests in Australia. Collectively, these pests have a huge economic and environmental impact and pose a major threat to Australia’s ecosystems and unique biodiversity. Management of such pests on a continental scale is a major challenge. Recent advances in biotechnology suggest alternatives to the lethal diseases normally sought for use as biological control agents. One proposal, being investigated in the Pest Animal Control Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, is the use of biotechnology to develop a new generation of agents that act through controlling reproduction to prevent the build up of pest populations. The core concept is fertility control through immunocontraceptive vaccines delivered by viruses that specifically infect the target pest population. Proof of this exciting concept has been obtained for the mouse and, very recently, the rabbit, and a candidate vaccine vector identified for the fox, portending better control of a trio of Australia’s most pervasive pests. Other advances in biotechnology suggest ways to negate the build up of both innate and acquired immune resistance in target pest populations that normally act to limit the efficacy and effective life of biocontrol agents in the field. Prospects for extending the use of virally vectored vaccines to the field management of wildlife diseases are also identified. Targets for such vaccines include a growing suite of emerging diseases, hosted by Australia’s wildlife, which pose a threat to human and livestock health. Numerous technical challenges remain to be addressed before any of these new agents are ready for use in the field. However, the major risk to their development is now no longer viewed as being technical, but the failure to gain public acceptance for their use in the field. This already significant risk is exasperated by the present heightened level of public concern about all introductions of genetically modified organisms.
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Pertiwi, Sarah Kristi, Khairul Rizal, and Yudi Triyanto. "Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Urin Kambing dan Pestisida Alami terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Panjang Beda Varietas di Desa Gunung Selamat." Indonesian Journal of Community Services 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ijocs.3.1.19-30.
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Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman sayuran sebagai sumber vitamin dan mineral. Kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) juga merupakan jenis kacang-kacangan yang banyak diusahakan di Indonesia. Desa Gunung Selamat merupakan salah satu desa dengan penghasilan tanaman palawija yang beragam salah satunya kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Namun, pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan karena banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani sehingga menyebabkan pertumbuhan kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)� menurun. Turunnya produksi ini antara lain disebabkan oleh iklim, tanah, pupuk, hama dan penyakit. Maka dari itu pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman serta mengurangi penggunaan pupuk sintetik yang dapat merusak ekosistem tanah, maka dari itu diberi perlakuan penyiraman pupuk organik cair pada tanah serta penyemprotan pestisida nabati dari daun pepaya untuk mencegah hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Perlakuan ini dibuat untuk melihat hasil respon tingkat pertumbuhan pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.).Long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) are a vegetable plant as a source of vitamins and minerals. Long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) are also a type of legume that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Gunung Selamat Village is one of the villages with a variety of agricultural crops, one of which is long beans (Vigna sinensis L.). However, this community service was carried out because of the many problems faced by farmers, which caused the growth of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) to decline. The decline in production was caused, among others, by climate, soil, fertilizers, pests and diseases. Therefore, this community service is carried out to increase plant growth and reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers that can damage the soil ecosystem, therefore it is given the treatment of sprinkling liquid organic fertilizers on the soil and spraying vegetable pesticides from pepaya leaves to prevent pests and diseases that attack long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.). This treatment was designed to see the results of the growth rate response in long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.).
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Nguyen, Sy Dinh, and Hunseung Kang. "Gene cloning and transformation of Arabidopsis plant to study the functions of the Early Responsive to Dehydration gene (ERD4) in coffee genome." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.789.
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Coffee plant is one of the most important industrial crops, and the two popular cultivars, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, contribute to the production of almost all coffee beans around the world. Although the demand for coffee beans is continually increasing, the steady production of coffee beans is hampered by many factors, such as environmental stresses, insect pests, and diseases. Traditional breeding could be used to develop new coffee cultivars with a higher productivity under these harsh conditions, and a biotechnological approach can also be used to improve coffee plants in a relatively short period of time. To develop new coffee cultivars via a biotechnological approach, it is necessary to discover potential candidate genes and determine their functions in coffee plants. However, it is technically difficult to introduce foreign genes into coffee genome and takes long time to analyze gene function in coffee plants. To overcome these technical difficulties, the potential coffee genes could be cloned and introduced into Arabidopsis for the rapid analysis of its biological functions under harsh environmental conditions.
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Etebari, Kayvan, Pauline Lenancker, Kevin S. Powell, and Michael J. Furlong. "Transcriptomics Reveal Several Novel Viruses from Canegrubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Central Queensland, Australia." Viruses 14, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030649.
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Canegrubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are major pests of sugarcane crops in Australia, but despite long-term and intensive research, no commercially viable biological control agents have been identified. We used the RNA-Seq approach to explore the viriomes of three different species of canegrubs from central Queensland, Australia to identify potential candidates for biological control. We identified six novel RNA viruses, characterized their genomes, and inferred their evolutionary relationships with other closely related viruses. These novel viruses showed similarity to other known members from picornaviruses, benyviruses, sobemoviruses, totiviruses, and reoviruses. The abundance of viral reads varied in these libraries; for example, Dermolepida albohirtum picorna-like virus (9696 nt) was built from 83,894 assembled reads while only 1350 reads mapped to Lepidiota negatoria beny-like virus (6371 nt). Future studies are essential to determine their natural incidence in different life stages of the host, biodiversity, geographical distributions, and potential as biological control agents for these important pests of sugarcane.
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Ogallo, L. J. "CONTROL OF NEMATODES AND OTHER SOIL BORNE PESTS AND DISEASES OF FRENCH BEANS BY PHENAMIPHOS AND CARBOFURAN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 218 (January 1988): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.218.38.
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Kamunywe, Jilet Makrini. "Provenance of Food Insecurity. A Critical Literature Review." Journal of Climate Policy 1, no. 1 (October 8, 2022): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jcp.1057.
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Purpose: In particular, it affects crop production due to temperature and rainfall changes, and more extreme weather events. Erratic rainfall and temperatures are said to reduce crop yields through shortening growing seasons, exaggeration of water stress and promote invasion and intensity of weeds, pests and diseases. The overall objective of this study was to examine provenance of food insecurity.
 Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
 Findings: This study concluded that the effects of rainfall and temperature adversely affect to maize and beans production in Africa. The effects are significant and positive for all crops. Generally, there is better correlation of production with precipitation than temperature. From the findings Pearson’s correlation showed positive correlation for crop yields against climate data except for minimum temperature that exhibited weak negative correlation for maize and no correlation for beans. This shows plainly that “business as usual” food grain growth is altered by changes in climate. These changes could alter growing seasons, planting and harvesting calendars or even invasion of pests, weeds and diseases.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that adoption of other food grains that may do well under this current climatic condition. Crops such as millet and sorghum are encouraged due to their high tolerance to droughts, soil infertility and high temperatures. Households also to be guided on how to monitor crop-climate relationship so as to achieve improved crop production drought resistant modern seed varieties are very important to the population.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beans Diseases and pests Australia"
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Dennis, Jeremy Ian. "Chocolate spot of faba beans in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ad411pdf.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 81-100. Entry of inoculum into a crop and disease development in the crop cannot be prevented because spores are airborne and there is a lack of highly resistant varieties. This makes complete control of chocolate spot unlikely. It should however, be possible to improve current levels of disease control through the integration of the factors identified in the study.
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Yakop, Uyek Malik. "Resistance of faba beans to Ascochyta blight." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSM/09apsmy15.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 111-120. This study investigated various aspects of genetic resistance in fava beans to Ascochta blight (A. fabae) with the objective to facilitate an efficient breeding strategy for long-term control. Pathogenic variability of A. fabae was found to be high, as was genetic variation between resistant fava bean accessions. A number of alternative resistance genes to that of Ascot cultivar were identified.
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Lawsawadsiri, Somporn. "Variation in resistance to Ascochyta blight in faba beans." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl425.pdf.
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Noronha, Christine M. (Christine Mary). "Effects of density and host plant type on fecundity and survival of Delia radicum (Bouché), D. Antiqua (Meigen) and D. Platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41017.
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The effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition, host plant, and prior host plant experience on fecundity, rate of oviposition and mortality of adults and larval survival of Delia radicum Bouche (Cabbage Maggot (CM)), D. antiqua Meigen (Onion Maggot (OM)), and D. platura Meigen (Seed Corn Maggot (SCM)), were studied on cabbage, onion and bean plants.<br>An optimum density for maximum fecundity per female was observed when the four experimental densities were compared. This optimum density was higher on host than on non-host plants. CM females were host specific and did not oviposit on non-host plants. Rates of oviposition and mortality over a 30-day period were calculated for each density. The rate of oviposition was slower at higher densities on host plants for CM, OM and SCM. The rate of mortality increased at the highest density for CM (cabbage), OM (bean) and SCM (cabbage), but remained unaffected for OM on onion and cabbage and for SCM on onion and bean, when densities were compared. For OM, a delay in the rate of oviposition and mortality on cabbage (non-host plant) when compared with onion (host plant), suggests that cabbage was not as readily accepted as an oviposition site. Interspecific competition experiments at six density ratio's of SCM:OM indicated increased fecundity, or an increase in the rate of oviposition for OM, at the lower densities when single and mixed species were compared. For SCM no effects on fecundity were recorded, but the rate of oviposition was slower and rate of mortality faster at the lowest density in the presence of OM. Similar studies with SCM and CM showed no such effects of competition.<br>Host plant exposure of SCM females during the pre-oviposition period resulted in a delay in initial acceptance of subsequent host plants as oviposition sites. This happened only when females were exposed to a secondary host during the pre-oviposition period. Once oviposition began, host discrimination ceased and a switch in oviposition sites to the preferred host did not alter the rate of oviposition. In CM, the rate of larval development increased at density 6 (optimum density). Above this density a decrease in the rate of development and a significant reduction in pupal weight was observed. Time required for fly emergence was not affected by increasing larval densities.
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Jimenez, Garcia Emilio. "ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRUSES FROM BEANS GROWING IN THE SONORA DESERT OF MEXICO (COWPEA, CHLOROTIC MOTTLE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187907.
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Survey of crops of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Sonora, Mexico revealed the presence of two isometric viruses and one flexuous rod virus on the basis of host reaction, particle morphology, serology and physico-chemical properties. The isometric viruses were identified as Bean Southern Mosaic Virus (BSMV) and Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV); the flexuous rod virus was identified as Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV). Using bean cultivar differentials, two strains of the potyvirus BCMV were identified, NY-15 and a previously undescribed strain designated YV-1. Host range, serological tests, and RNA electrophoresis indicated that the Sonoran BSMV cultures are similar to BSMV-strain A. Serology and RNA-electrophoresis indicated that the Sonoran CCMV isolates are identical to CCMV-strain A. BSMV and CCMV were always isolated as a mixture from seed lots and from field collected bean tissue. BCMV occurred alone or in mixed infections with BSMV and CCMV. BCMV was seed transmitted with an average efficiency of 58 percent. The BSMV-CCMV mixture was transmitted with an efficiency of 6 percent. BSMV and CCMV were seed transmitted together, but separate transmission of BSMV or CCMV was not detected. Commercial seed lots from two major bean growing regions of Sonora (Hermosillo Coast, Sonora River) were contaminated with the BSMV-CCMV mixture but not with BCMV. The average contamination level was 13 percent. Two common weeds present in Sonoran agricultural areas were found to be potential alternate hosts of CCMV. Both Sisymbrium irio L. and Melilotus indica L. were infected systemically, although the infection in M. indica was latent. Potential losses due to Sonoran bean viruses were measured in greenhouse experiments with the cultivar Pinto 111. BCMV strains caused a 29.4 to 60.1% reduction, whereas BSMV-CCMV mixtures induced a 22.5 to 74.6% yield reduction. A synergism occurred between the BSMV-CCMV mixture and BCMV resulting in more severe symptoms and a yield reduction of 92.7%. Synergistic effects were also observed between BSMV and CCMV. Actual yield reduction resulted from impaired flower production and, consequently, reduced pod production. Significant effects on plant tissue production, flower fertilization and seed quality were not observed. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus infected mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) a previously unreported host. Infection of mung bean by BSMV was only possible when CCMV was present in the inoculum. Both BSMV and CCMV could be isolated from symptomatic plants infected with the BSMV-CCMV mixture, however, symptoms on mung bean were unchanged from infection by CCMV alone.
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Ferguson, Kaye. "The biology, ecology and management of the Quandong moth, Paraepermenia santaliella (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae)." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf3523.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-230). Details the biology and life history of the Quandong moth and investigates management strategies that would enable growers to manage the pest in an economically and environmentally sustainable program.
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Cieslik, Lucas Fernando. "Interferência de fatores morfoambientais e horários de aplicação de fluazifop-p-butyl e fomesafen no controle de infestantes, seletividade e lucratividade da cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/263.
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Fundação Araucária, CNPQ<br>Plantas daninhas competem com as cultivadas e dentre as influências negativas desse convívio está a redução da produtividade das culturas. O controle químico é a principal forma de gestão das infestantes na cultura do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sua eficácia depende de uma série de fatores, entre eles: condições ambientais (em função dos horários de aplicação) no momento da aspersão do herbicida e doses utilizadas. Um programa de pesquisa foi desenvolvido no curso de Agronomia da UTFPR, Pato Branco, PR, durante a safra 2010/11 com os objetivos gerais de analisar o impacto de horários de aplicação (e por consequência das variáveis ambientais) e de doses de fluazifop-p-butyl e de fomesafen sobre: o desempenho desses herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas mono e dicotiledôneas, respectivamente; a seletividade do feijoeiro ao fomesafen e; a lucratividade da lavoura de feijão. As variáveis ambientais, de acordo com o horário do dia ou a época do ano em que os produtos foram aplicados, influenciaram no controle das infestantes. Fluazifop-p-butyl teve atividade favorecida quando aspergido às 06:00h, com umidade relativa do ar e ângulo foliar das gramíneas influenciando de maneira mais significativa no resultado. Para esse mesmo herbicida, aplicação noturna foi eficaz em mitigar os efeitos negativos da aplicação vespertina. O desempenho de fomesafen no controle das plantas daninhas dicotiledôneas foi máximo quando o produto foi aspergido às 11:00h e às 16:00h. Nesse caso, a irradiância e a temperatura do ar foram os principais determinantes da eficácia do herbicida. As doses de fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen que propiciaram maior controle da infestação resultaram em aumento da produtividade do feijoeiro e da rentabilidade da produção. Em alguns casos, a maximização da renda líquida foi obtida com dose menor do que a recomendada no rótulo do produto e aquela necessária para a obtenção da máxima eficácia do produto. Fomesafen provocou toxicidade nas plantas de feijão, as quais recuperaram-se das injúrias com o decorrer do tempo. O grau de fitointoxicação foi mais acentuado com doses elevadas do produto e quando esse foi aspergido às 11:00h e às 16:00h. Nesses horários, a temperatura do ar e a irradiância estavam mais acentuadas. Pode-se sintetizar que a eficácia no controle das plantas infestantes e a toxicidade dos herbicidas ao feijoeiro foram dependentes dos herbicidas utilizados, das condições ambientais em função do horário do dia em que os herbicidas foram aplicados e das doses utilizadas. A escolha correta do horário e da dose de aplicação favorece a eficiência do controle das plantas daninhas, minimiza os prejuízos à cultura em função da competição e eleva a lucratividade da lavoura.<br>The weeds compete with the cultivated crops and among the negative effects of this interaction is the reduction of the crop yields. The chemical method is the main weed control technic in the common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The efficacy of the herbicides depends on a number of factors, including: environmental conditions (in function of the time of application) at the moment of spraying of the herbicide and doses used. A research program was developed on the Agronomy course of UTFPR, Pato Branco, PR, during the 2010-11 with the main objectives to evaluate the impact of the application time (and therefore environmental variables) and doses of fluazifop-p-butyl and fomesafen on the: performance of these herbicides in the control of mono and dicotyledonous weeds, respectively; selectivity of bean crop to fomesafen; and the lucrativity of the common bean crop. The environmental variables, according to the time of day or season of year in which herbicides were applied, influence the control of weeds. Fluazifop-p-butyl activity has been favored when sprayed at 06:00h. The relative humidity and grass leaf angle were the factors most important affecting this herbicide performance. For this same compound, night application has been effective to mitigate the negative effects of the afternoon application. The performance of fomesafen to control broadleaf weeds has been maximum when the product was sprayed at 11:00h and 16:00h. In this case, the irradiance and the air temperature have been the main factors to affect the herbicide efficacy. The doses of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen which allowed best weed control have increased grain yield and profitability of the common bean crop production. In some cases, the maximum net return has been obtained with a dose lower than that needed for maximum herbicide efficacy. Fomesafen has injured the common bean plants, but they have recovered with time. The degree of phytointoxication has increased at high fomesafen doses and when it has been sprayed at 11:00h and 16:00h. During these times, the air temperature and irradiance were the highest. It can be summarized that the efficacy on weed control and on the common bean injury was dependent on the herbicide used, on the environmental conditions during the time of the herbicide spray, and on the rates applied. The selection of the correct time of the day and rate of application can optimize the weed control, can reduce the crop yield losses due to competition, and can optimize the crop profitability.
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Machado, Adriano Bressiani. "Impacto agronômico e dano econômico da interferência entre leiteiro (Euphorbia heterophylla) e feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) em intervalos distintos de semeadura." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/265.
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A cultura do feijoeiro apresenta grande importância econômica para o Brasil e especificamente para a região do Sudoeste do Paraná, onde é cultivado principalmente em pequenas e médias propriedades. Constitui-se em um dos alimentos mais ricos consumido pelo povo brasileiro, principalmente para as populações mais pobres. É imprescindível o estudo cientifico dos sistemas de produção e o avanço tecnológico para aumentar sua produtividade e rentabilidade. Entre os gargalos limitantes à cultura, está a necessidade de estudar melhor os níveis populacionais de plantas daninhas que justificam o seu controle atendendo a critérios econômicos, o que resultaria em maior segurança para tomada de decisões de controle e, conseqüentemente, maior economia aos produtores rurais. Nesse contexto, realizou-se um experimento na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Pato Branco, com objetivo de verificar o nível de dano econômico e competitivo de Euphorbia heterophylla sob diferentes densidades e épocas de semeadura desta infestante em relação à cultura do feijoeiro. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas principais foram locadas oito densidades esperadas de E. heterophylla (0, 6, 10, 17, 29, 49, 83 e 142 pl m-2) e nas subparcelas duas épocas de semeadura de E. heterophylla (12 dias antes da semeadura do feijão e simultaneamente a cultura). Foram realizadas avaliações das características agronômicas das plantas de feijão e morfológicas de E. heterophylla e feijão durante o período de desenvolvimento e no momento da colheita da cultura. No cálculo das perdas de rendimento foi empregado o modelo da hipérbole retangular e pelo método de segmentação linear, sendo extraídos os parâmetros “i” (perda percentual por cada planta de E. heterophylla), que foram empregados no cálculo do nível de dano econômico. A antecipação da semeadura de E. heterophylla, bem como o incremento na densidade acarretaram redução da produtividade da cultura do feijão, devido principalmente à redução do número de legumes por planta. A interferência de plantas de E. heterophylla com a cultura do feijão determinou redução da estatura de plantas, índice de área foliar, massa seca, número de trifólios, número de ramificações produtivas, mas houve aumento da altura de inserção de legumes da cultura. A semeadura antecipada de E. heterophylla proporciona maior desenvolvimento desta espécie em relação à época de semeadura simultânea com a cultura do feijão, refletindo-se no aumento da área foliar, da massa seca e da cobertura do solo pela espécie daninha. A perda percentual por planta daninha pode ser estimada adequadamente através dos diferentes modelos utilizados. Tanto o modelo hiperbólico quanto o linear indicam maior perda percentual quando a semeadura de E. heterophylla ocorre antecipadamente à cultura do feijão comum. O modelo hiperbólico superestima os valores de nível crítico de dano em relação ao modelo linear. O aumento na perda de rendimento por unidade de planta daninha, rendimento da cultura, eficiência do herbicida e no valor do produto colhido ocasionam diminuição dos valores dos níveis de dano econômico. No entanto, o aumento do custo de controle de plantas de E. heterophylla aumenta os valores do nível de dano econômico.<br>Bean crop has great economic importance to Brazil and specifically for the South West of Parana, where it is grown mainly in small and medium farms. It constitutes one of the richest foods consumed by the Brazilian people, especially for the poorest populations. In this context, the scientific study of production systems and technological advances are essential to increase productivity and profitability. Among the factors that limit crop development, is the need to better understand the weed population levels that justify its control attending economic aspects, which would result in better control decision-making and, consequently, lower costs to farmers. In this context, an experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Federal Technologic University of Paraná, Campus Pato Branco, in order to verify the economic injury level and competitive potential of the Euphorbia heterophylla under different sowing dates and densities of this weed in relation to the bean crop. The experiment was laid out as a randomized blocks arranged in a split-plots design with four replications. At the main plots were located eight expected densities of E. heterophylla (0, 6, 10, 17, 29, 49, 83 and 142 pl m-2) and at the subplots two sowing dates of E. heterophylla (12 days before bean sowing and at the crop sowing day). Evaluations were made on the agronomic characteristics of the bean plants during its development and at the harvest period. Moreover, morphological characteristics of the E. heterophylla and the beans were also evaluated at the same periods. To determine the crop yield losses was used the hyperbolic model and the linear segmentation method, and extracted the parameters "i" (percentage loss per plant of E. heterophylla), which were used in calculating the economic injury level. E. heterophylla sowed before the crop as well as its density increase led to reduced productivity of the bean, mainly due to reduction in the number of pods per plant. Moreover, the interference of the E. heterophylla on the bean crop resulted in lower plants, reduced leaf area index, lower dry weight, less number of leaves, less number of productive branches, however resulted in shorter height of the pods insertion on the crop. Early sowing of E. heterophylla results in better development of the weed specie in relation to the sowing data were both, weed and crop are sowed at the same day, resulting on higher leaf area, higher dry matter production and soil cover by the weed species. Percentage of yield losses due to the weed plant presence could be adequately estimated through the different models used. Both the linear and the hyperbolic model indicate a higher percentage loss when the sowing of E. heterophylla occurs before than the common bean crop. The hyperbolic model overestimates the values of the critical level of damage in relation to the linear model. Increases on the yield losses per unit weed, lower crop yield, lower herbicide efficiency and lower value of the harvested product resulted in smaller values of the economic injury level. Although, as the E. heterophylla control cost increase, the economic injury level also increases.
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White, John Gordon. "Control of rodent damage in Australian macadamia orchard systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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10
Bressan, Dayanne Fabrício. "Uso dos eliciadores acibenzolar-s-metílico e harpina na indução de resistência em plantas de feijoeiro comum ao crestamento bacteriano." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/232.
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CAPES<br>O crestamento bacteriano comum, causado por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, é uma das principais doenças da cultura do feijoeiro. Em busca por alternativas no controle de doenças em plantas, o uso de eliciadores/indutores de resistência tem sido explorado. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência dos eliciadores harpina e acibenzolar-S-metílico na indução de mecanismos de defesa em plantas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ao crestamento bacteriano comum, causado por X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli, avaliandose possíveis alterações no processo de trocas gasosas e ativação das principais enzimas envolvidas na defesa vegetal - peroxidase, superóxido dismutase, além de proteínas e fenóis. Foram utilizadas sementes dos cultivares IAPAR 31 e IPR Colibri. Depois de emergidas as primeiras folhas trifoliadas na fase vegetativa (V3) as
plantas, foram tratadas com os eliciadores acibenzolar-S-metílico, harpina e água
destilada (controle). Sete dias após a primeira aplicação dos eliciadores, foi
inoculado o patógeno nas folhas do feijoeiro. A avaliação da severidade foi realizada a cada 10 dias sendo a primeira avaliação realizada 15 dias após a inoculação do patógeno. As leituras de fotossíntese foram realizadas 40 dias após a inoculação quando os sintomas e danos da doença demonstravam-se estabelecidos. Para a
realização das análises bioquímicas, amostras de tecidos foliares de cada
tratamento foram coletadas 24 horas antes, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a aplicação dos
eliciadores. Também, foram determinados o rendimento e seus componentes em ambas as cultivares.A aplicação de ASM e harpina proporcionou redução na severidade da doença do crestamento bacteriano comum nas plantas de feijoeiro da cultivar IPR-Colibri e a mesma tendência foi observada para a cultivar IAPAR 31 tratada com ASM. As plantas da cultivar IAPAR 31 tratadas com o eliciador ASM, apresentaram maiores taxas de assimilação de CO2 quando comparadas ao controle e a mesma tendência foi observada para a cultivar IPR-Colibri. A aplicação do ASM promoveu o aumento da atividade da enzima antioxidativa peroxidase e a indução
da síntese de compostos fenólicos e especialmente na cultivar suscetível IPRColibri. Para o rendimento de grãos e seus componentes, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o controle e os eliciadores ASM e harpina. Os eliciadores ASM e harpina induziram os mecanismos de resistência em feijoeiro contra X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli, indicando a potencialidade do uso dos eliciadores
na cultura do feijoeiro.<br>The common bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli is one of the major diseases of the bean crops. In search for alternatives to control the plant diseases, the use of the elicitors / inductors of resistance has been explored.
Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the effectiveness of the elicitors harpina and acibenzolar-S-methyl in the induction of the defense mechanisms in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against common bacterial blight caused by X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli, evaluating the possible changes in the process of gas exchange and the activation of the key enzymes involved in the plant defense - peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, besides proteins and phenols. It was used seeds from IAPAR 31 and IPR Colibri cultivars. After emerged the first trifoliate leaves in the vegetative stage (V3) the plants were treated with the elicitors Acibenzolar-S-methyl and harpina, and distilled water (control). Seven days after the first application of the elicitors, the pathogen was inoculated on the leaves of bean plants. The severity assessment was performed every 10 days and the first evaluation 15 days after the pathogen inoculation. The measurement photosynthesis were performed 40 days after the inoculation when the symptoms and the damages of the disease showed themselves established. To carry out the biochemical analysis, samples of leaf tissue from each treatment were collected 24 hours before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the elicitors. Also, it was determined the yield and its components in both cultivars. The application of ASM and harpina provided the reduction in the severity of the common bacterial blight disease of the bean plants of IPR-Colibri cultivars and the same trend was observed for the IAPAR 31 cultivars treated with the elicitor ASM. Plants by IAPAR 31 treated with the elicitor ASM showed higher rates of assimilation of CO2 when compared to the control and the same trend was observed for cultivar IPR-Colibri. The application of ASM promoted the increase of the antioxidative
enzyme peroxidase activity, and the induction of the phenolic compounds synthesis
and, especially in the susceptible cultivar IPR-Colibri. For grain yield and its components, significant differences were not observed between the control and the
elicitors ASM and harpina. The elicitors ASM and harpina induced the resistance mechanisms in bean plant against X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli, indicating the
potentiality of the elicitor utilization in bean crops.
Books on the topic "Beans Diseases and pests Australia"
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Parker, Robert. Weed control in field beans. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1988.
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Biddle, A. J. Pests, diseases, and disorders of peas and beans: A colour handbook. London: Manson, 2007.
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Persley, Denis. Diseases of vegetable crops in Australia. Edited by CSIRO (Australia) and Queensland. Dept. of Primary Industries and Fisheries. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Publishing, 2010.
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Strausbaugh, C. A. Management of white mold of beans. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System, 2003.
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Diekmann, Marlene. Seed-borne pests and diseases of faba beans (Vicia faba). Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, 1994.
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Biddle, A. J. Pests, diseases, and disorders of peas and beans: A color handbook. Burlington, MA: Academic Press, 2007.
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Waters, Brenda M. Integrated weed management in dry edible beans. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System ; [Corvallis, Or.], 2001.
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Waters, Brenda M. Integrated weed management in dry edible beans. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System ; [Corvallis, Or.], 2001.
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Schwartz, Howard F. Dry bean production & pest management. Edited by Central High Plains Dry Bean and Beet Group and Colorado State University. Cooperative Extension Service. 2nd ed. Fort Collins, Colo: Cooperative Extension Resource Center, Colorado State University, 2004.
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"Index." In Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Peas and Beans, 127–28. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15137-10.
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"Seedling and Crop Disorders." In Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Peas and Beans, 119–25. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15137-8.
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"Further Reading." In Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Peas and Beans, 126. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15137-9.
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Biliavska, Liudmyla, and Yurii Biliavskyi. "BREEDING OF DROUGHT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN VARIETIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-25.
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Thus, the primary task of breeding is to create varieties that combine high yield with drought resistance. It is important to have a sufficiently high level of adaptability of the variety to the conditions of the growing region, where the variety remains the main reserve for resource conservation and intensification of agricultural production in Ukraine. Generally accepted methods are used, namely scientific, special, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. In conditions of insufficient moisture, the use of early maturing and very early maturing varieties is relevant. Indicators of soybean yield in all oblasts of Ukraine are provided. According to the results of the analysis of 17-year meteorological observations, it was found that the climatic characteristics of Poltava oblast became more arid. The dynamics of indicators of the soybean gross yield in Poltava oblast (2002–2018) is analyzed against the background of the amount of precipitation during the growing season (4–8 months). In the research laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Varietal Soybean Agrotechnics of Poltava State Agrarian University, it was created Almaz, Antratsyt, Adamos, Aleksandryt, Akvamaryn, Avantiuryn soybean varieties, which were listed the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Spreading in Ukraine. Indicators of agricultural suitability of these varieties and their advantages are presented. Varieties of Poltava breeding are distinguished by drought resistance, resistance to diseases and pests, non-lodging, when the seeds mature, the beans do not crack. These varieties are guaranteed predecessors for winter crops in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
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Myers, Judith H. "Predicting the Outcome of Biological Control." In Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0035.
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The movement of humans around the earth has been associated with an amazing redistribution of a variety of organisms to new continents and exotic islands. The natural biodiversity of native communities is threatened by new invasive species, and many of the most serious insect and weed pests are exotics. Classical biological control is one approach to dealing with nonindigenous species. If introduced species that lack natural enemies are competitively superior in exotic habitats, introducing some of their predators (herbivores), diseases, or parasitoids may reduce their population densities. Thus, the introduction of more exotic species may be necessary to reduce the competitive superiority of nonindigenous pests. The intentional introduction of insects as biological control agents provides an experimental arena in which adaptations and interactions among species may be tested. We can use biological control programs to explore such evolutionary questions as: What characteristics make a natural enemy a successful biological control agent? Does coevolution of herbivores and hosts or predators (parasitoids) and prey result in few species of natural enemies having the potential to be successful biological control agents? Do introduced natural enemies make unexpected host range shifts in new environments? Do exotic species lose their defense against specialized natural enemies after living for many generations without them? If coevolution is a common force in nature, we expect biological control interactions to demonstrate a dynamic interplay between hosts and their natural enemies. In this chapter, I consider biological control introductions to be experiments that might yield evidence on how adaptation molds the interactions between species and their natural enemies. I argue that the best biological control agents will be those to which the target hosts have not evolved resistance. Classical biological control is the movement of natural enemies from a native habitat to an exotic habitat where their host has become a pest. This approach to exotic pests has been practiced since the late 1800s, when Albert Koebele explored the native habitat of the cottony cushion scale, Icrya purchasi, in Australia and introduced Vadalia cardinalis beetles (see below) to control the cottony cushion scale on citrus in California. This control has continued to be a success.