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Academic literature on the topic 'Beans Field crops'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Beans Field crops"

Stoddard, F. L. "Pollination and fertilization in commercial crops of field beans (Vicia faba L.)." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 1 (February 1986): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600061785.

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SUMMARYIncidences of pollination and fertilization were surveyed in 21 commercial crops of field beans (16 of winter, 5 of spring) in southern Cambridgeshire (England) in 1982 and 1983. During the first part of the flowering season of winter beans, from 30 to 75% of flowers were not pollinated, and thus could not set pods. Where the pollination was largely spontaneous, relatively few pollinated flowers were fertilized and within them, relatively few ovules were fertilized. Later in the season and through most of the spring-bean flowering season, over 90% of flowers were pollinated and over 75% of ovules were fertilized. Incidences of pollination and fertilization varied greatly among the fields, and provision of hives of honeybees in fields of winter beans was associated with an improvement in the incidence of pollination from poor to moderate in 1983 but not in 1982. It is concluded that the incidence of pollination in many fields of winter beans is too low early in the season for an optimum distribution of yield along the stems.

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BULSON, H. A. J., R. W. SNAYDON, and C. E. STOPES. "Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic farming system." Journal of Agricultural Science 128, no. 1 (February 1997): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003759.

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In field trials in 1987/88 near Pangbourne, England, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and field beans (Vicia faba) were grown in an organic farming system as sole crops and additive intercrops. The sole crops were grown at 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150% of the recommended density (RD) for conventionally grown crops. The intercrops consisted of all density combinations of wheat and beans from 25 to 100% RD in a factorial experiment. The grain yield of sole cropped wheat and beans increased significantly as their density was increased. The highest yield of both was achieved at 100% RD, indicating that the conventional recommendation was the optimum when applied to organically grown crops. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values for the intercrops were significantly greater than 1·0 when the wheat was sown at > 5% RD and beans at > 50% RD. The highest LER of 1·29 was achieved when wheat and beans were both sown at 75% RD. There was resource complementarity, expressed as relative yield total (RYT) > 1·0, in all of the density combinations. There was a significant decrease in resource complementarity with increasing wheat and bean density. The nitrogen content of the wheat grain and whole plant biomass was significantly increased when the density of beans in the intercrops was increased; this was reflected in a significant increase in grain protein at harvest. The total amount of N accumulated by the wheat, however, decreased with increasing bean density due to a reduction in the biomass of wheat. Beans also showed a significant increase in %N as the density of the other component increased and a decrease in total N accumulation due to reduced biomass. All of the intercrops accumulated more N than the sole cropped wheat, but did not exceed that accumulated by sole-cropped beans. The biomass of weeds was greater under beans than under wheat. Weed biomass in intercrops was significantly reduced when the density of wheat and beans was increased, resulting in a lower weed biomass in the intercrops than was achieved in either the sole cropped wheat or beans. The N content of weeds was significantly reduced with increasing wheat density but was significantly increased with increasing bean density. The total amount of N accumulated by weeds per unit area was reduced significantly by increasing the density of both components. The levels of disease on the wheat were low, but mildew (Erysiphe graminis) increased significantly as bean density increased. The incidence of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) increased significantly with increased bean density. The experiment demonstrated that it was possible to harvest the crop with a combine harvester and the wheat and beans can be planted separately mechanically, therefore this system is suited to mechanized agricultural systems.

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LEKSIKOWATI, SOVIA SANTI, RAMADHANI EKA PUTRA, MIA ROSMIATI, IDA KINASIH, INAYATI ZAKIYATUN USNA, NOVITASARI, EKA SETYARNI, and FAJRINA ANJARNISA RUSTAM. "Aplikasi Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps sebagai Agen Penyerbuk pada Sistem Tumpang Sari Buncis dan Tomat di dalam Rumah Kaca." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 4, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.4.2.63-70.

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Greenhouse is widely applied to provide protection against pest and harsh environment condition and most farmers usually planted mixed crops inside. However, this system creates an isolation to pollination which responsible for fruit production. In this study, local domesticated stingless bees, Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps, was applied as pollinator for two crops, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) planted as mixed crops inside greenhouse. The benefit of the bees was measured as pollination success and quality of the crops produced (size and weight). Tomato flowers received no visit from both wild pollinators (all was Apis cerana) and stingless bees while in bean flowers, A. cerana exhibited more and longer visits to flower than T. laeviceps albeit lower number of flowers visited. The pollination efficiency between wild pollinator and T. laeviceps for beans (both at 41%) while self pollination produced better pollination efficiency for tomatoes planted at open field (84% compared to 71%). Beans planted at open field produced better products (bigger size and heavier) while tomatoes produced lesser quality although the differences were not significant. Based on this study, T. laeviceps may applied as pollinator agent in greenhouse and for mixed crops of beans and tomatoes.

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Sobkowicz, P. "Competition between triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) and field beans (Vicia faba var. minor L.) in additive intercrops." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 2 (November 15, 2011): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3345-pse.

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In a microplot experiment conducted in 1999 and 2000 on light soil triticale and field beans were grown as sole crops and in the intercrop system. Two pure stand plant densities were established: 200 and 400 plants/m2 for triticale and 50 and 100 plants/m2 for field beans. Four possible intercropping combinations were obtained by adding densities of both crops. Triticale was a better competitor than field beans in all intercrops resulting in competitive balance index significantly greater than zero. The number of pods per plant of field beans was significantly reduced in all intercropping combinations compared to the pure stands, however quality of grain of the legume was unaffected by competition. Intercrop comprising 200 plants/m2 of triticale and 50 plants/m2 of field beans was most productive in the experiment but addition 50 more plants/m2 of the legume decreased significantly grain yield of intercrop by 16.2%. The results also show that effective triticale-field beans intercrop for light soil may be designed as additive one, based on 400 plants/m2 of triticale.

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Nagalingam, T., and N. J. Holliday. "Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) on field beans and soybeans in Manitoba, Canada: species composition and seasonal occurrence." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 6 (April 10, 2015): 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.1.

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AbstractIn Manitoba, Canada, commercial soybeans and two types of field beans, navy and pinto, were sampled for plant bugs. At the centre and margins of 36 fields, sweep net and tap tray samples were taken weekly. In all three crops, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) comprised >78% and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) <10% of adult mirids. Species composition varied among years but not among crops. For Lygus Hahn, nymphs were 46% of the catch in trays and 23% in sweeps, but total Lygus catch in trays was >2% of that in sweeps. Catch/sample effort was similar at field centres and margins for both Lygus adults and nymphs. Lygus lineolaris reproduced and developed in all three crops. In field beans, Lygus adults were first collected in late vegetative and early pod set stages and late instar nymphs and adults were present from pod elongation until maturity – results consistent with immigration of first summer generation reproductive adults and development of the second generation in the crops. There was evidence of late season immigration of Lygus into all crops. There was no loss of seed quantity attributable to mirids in any of the crops; in field beans there was no evidence that mirids reduced seed quality.

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Hussaini, Sayed Muhammad Baqer, Roy C. Sidle, Zaigham Kazimi, Aziz Ali Khan, Abdul Qayum Rezaei, Zahra Ghulami, Taher Buda, Rahmatullah Rastagar, Ali Aqa Fatimi, and Zahra Muhmmadi. "Drought Tolerant Varieties of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Central Afghanistan." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112181.

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Legume crops have played a significant role in the historical dietary regime of Afghan peoples. Recently, production of common beans has increased on Afghan farms relative to other leguminous crops. However, compared with other pulse crops, common beans are more prone to water stress. To select drought resistant common beans, several varieties were assessed in the field during a sequence of restricted water supplies for two years and the local drought regime was analyzed for a 12-years period. The first experiment in 2018 compared five bean varieties under four irrigation regimes. White and black beans with long maturation periods and climber habits, and motley beans, characterized by moderate maturity and semi-climber structures, were susceptible to drought and did not mature well under restricted irrigation and ambient climate conditions. The other two varieties, red and pied beans, adapted to restricted water supplies and the long dry summers; these two varieties were assessed again in 2019. Statistical analyses and inferences based on the 2019 study suggest that red beans are more adaptable to water deficit treatments compared to pied beans. Therefore, red beans are considered a better option given the frequent mid- to late-summer droughts that occur in this region, together with the generally harsh mountain climate and short growing season of the central Afghanistan highlands. As a second varietal choice, pied beans are reasonably drought tolerant based on our findings.

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Bulajić, Aleksandra, Mira Vojvodić, and Brankica Tanović. "Fungal diseases of beans and green beans." Biljni lekar 49, no. 6 (2021): 745–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2106745b.

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The Leguminosae plant family comprises a large number of agricultural species, including important crops of field, vegetable and staple plants. According to the biological characteristics and significance for human consumption, the most prominent crop is bean, traditionally grown in Serbia either as dry bean or as a vegetable - green beans. Production of dry and green beans in our country have the trend of reduction of sowed areas, with small average yields and enormous international trade deficits. Due to these reasons and high domestic demand, there is great potential for dry and green bean production in Serbia. In many parts of the world, plant pathogenic fungi and fungi-like organisms cause high, and in some cases total, annual yield losses. On the other hand, mycoses of bean in our country are greatly understudied, even on basic levels such as presence and distribution of fungal pathogens. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the most important pathogenic fungi infecting beans worldwide, particularly related to losses, symptomatology, survival and dispersal means. Furthermore, appropriate and available disease control measures are discussed as an encouragement and support for domestic production in obtaining high and safe yields.

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Rochester, I. J., M. B. Peoples, G. A. Constable, and R. R. Gault. "Faba beans and other legumes add nitrogen to irrigated cotton cropping systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 3 (1998): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97132.

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Summary. Legumes have become common rotation crops in cotton cropping systems in northern New South Wales. Levels of nitrogen fixation and yield achieved on-farm were measured in commercial faba beans and other winter and summer legume crops sown after cotton over 3 years to assess the relative inputs of fixed nitrogen (N) into this system. Faba bean crops fixed up to 350 kg N/ha, removed up to 160 kg N/ha in harvested grain and contributed up to 270 kg fixed N/ha to soil N after harvest. Grain yields, N2 fixation and dry matter production were reduced in late-sown crops and those water-stressed during pod-filling, but most faba bean crops fixed almost 3 times as much N as was removed in grain. Below-ground legume N, determined with 15N shoot feeding techniques, accounted for 40% of the total crop N at peak biomass, or about 100 kg N/ha for the average faba bean crops. Residual fixed N after harvest was predicted from crop dry matter and grain yield, and this could be used to assess the contribution to soil N from faba beans. Amounts of nitrogen fixed by other legume crops ranged from 20 kg N/ha for adzuki bean and droughted lablab to more than 450 kg N/ha by irrigated soybean. Soybean, peanut and Dolichos lablab contributed more fixed N to the soil than adzuki bean, mung bean or pigeon pea under irrigated conditions. Winter crops including field peas, lentils and lupins and green-manured pasture species fixed up to 240 kg N/ha.

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Sellami, Mohamed Houssemeddine, Antonella Lavini, Davide Calandrelli, Giuseppe De Mastro, and Cataldo Pulvento. "Evaluation of Genotype, Environment, and Management Interactions on Fava Beans under Mediterranean Field Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061088.

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Faba beans (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava beans, like other crops, are influenced by several factors: their genotype, environment, and management, as well as the interaction between these, have an important impact on seed yielding and seed quality traits. This study was conducted at three locations in South Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the sowing date effect on yield and yield components of three Vicia faba L., originating from cool climates. The results showed that seed yield (SY) and yield components declined with sowing delay. The crop’s environment (year × site) and management (sowing date) were found to explain 34.01% and 42.95% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. The data showed that the tested genotypes were positively influenced by the environment with sandy loam soil and early winter sowing date, resulting in either a greater number of SY and THS than in the other environment. The three faba bean genotypes showed tolerance to winter frost conditions in the two growing seasons.

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Elisante, Filemon, Patrick Ndakidemi, Sarah E. J. Arnold, Steven R. Belmain, Geoff M. Gurr, Iain Darbyshire, Gang Xie, and Philip C. Stevenson. "Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system." PeerJ 8 (October 20, 2020): e10102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10102.

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Background Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this crop is autogamous, it is frequently visited by pollinating insects that could improve yields. However, the value of pollination services to common beans (Kariasii) yield is not known. Methods We carried out pollinator-exclusion experiments to determine the contribution of insect pollinators to bean yields. We also carried out a fluorescent-dye experiment to evaluate the role of field margins as refuge for flower-visitors. Results Significantly higher yields, based on pods per plant and seeds per pod, were recorded from open-pollinated and hand-pollinated flowers compared to plants from which pollinators had been excluded indicating that flower visitors contribute significantly to bean yields. Similarly, open and hand-pollinated plants recorded the highest mean seed weight. Extrapolation of yield data to field scale indicated a potential increase per hectare from 681 kg in self-pollinated beans to 1,478 kg in open-pollinated beans indicating that flower visitors contributed significantly to crop yield of beans. Our marking study indicated that flower-visiting insects including bees, flies and lepidopterans moved from the field margin flowers into the bean crop. Overall, these results show that insect pollinators are important for optimising bean yields and an important food security consideration on smallholder farms. Field margin vegetation also provides habitat for flower-visiting insects that pollinate beans. Hence, non-crop habitats merit further research focusing on establishing which field margin species are most important and their capacity to support other ecosystem services such as natural pest regulation or even pests.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beans Field crops"

Dennis, Jeremy Ian. "Chocolate spot of faba beans in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ad411pdf.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 81-100. Entry of inoculum into a crop and disease development in the crop cannot be prevented because spores are airborne and there is a lack of highly resistant varieties. This makes complete control of chocolate spot unlikely. It should however, be possible to improve current levels of disease control through the integration of the factors identified in the study.

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Angenendt, Alexandra. "Ecophysiological studies of field beans : a simple yet mechanistic crop growth model for Vicia faba L." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250720.

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Al-Traboulsi, Manal Hassen. "The responses of field-grown bean and maize crops to elevated soil CO2." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546479.

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Chapkowski, Andrew J. "Geographical distribution of pediobius foveolatus in New Jersey soybean fields to control the Mexican bean beetle population." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2008. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/ChapkowskiAndrew/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2008.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on July 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Metcalfe, Carol. "New ash glazes from arable crop waste : exploring the use of straw from Pisum sativum (combining pea) and Vicia faba (field bean)." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2008. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/3657/.

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The Chinese first developed stoneware ash glazes about 3500 years ago, when their kiln technology progressed sufficiently to reach temperatures high enough to fuse such glazes. More than 2000 years went by before this knowledge reached Japan and Korea, where ash glazes were also subsequently produced. In Britain, the advent of studio pottery in the 20th century led to interest in oriental approaches to ceramics, including ash glazes. A number of studio potters used and indeed continue to use ash glazes in their work. The great majority of these glazes have, throughout history, been made of wood ash and are mainly fired to high stoneware temperatures of at least 1280°C, Cone 10. Worldwide interest in this subject continues today; however, a general increase in environmental concern, especially fuel economy, raises a number of issues for contemporary ceramic practitioners. This research addresses these issues by employing multiple methods in a „composite‟ methodology, rooted in art practice, the aims being: To develop a range of new glazes, for lower stoneware temperature (1240°C, Cone 7) oxidised firings, using ash from arable crop waste as an environmentally sensitive ingredient. To demonstrate and articulate the possible creative, practical and environmental benefits of the new glazes for contemporary ceramic practitioners, principally through artworks. To offer a model for investigating the potential of a new source of ash, as a glaze material. The plant species explored are the Combining pea and Field bean, neither of which is documented in any of the contextual sources located. Both plants are widely grown as protein crops in many countries of the world and were available in North Yorkshire for this research. Glaze calculation methods and empirical approaches to glaze development have been investigated and the ashes have been analysed. From this information, glaze recipes have been developed and tested. Since the appearance of a glaze is affected by the clay body to which it is applied, the compositions of available clays have been studied and four widely differing examples chosen for the tests. Case studies have been undertaken of contemporary ceramic practitioners, whose approaches to ash glazing vary widely. These studies further develop the context for the new glazes and provide a framework within which to assess their significance. The creative potential of the glazes developed has been explored through their application in ceramic artworks, exhibited both during and at the end of the research. During the creation of these artworks, a theme emerged, closely linking them to their place of origin. In addition to the new artworks, the research contributes both a range of new ash glaze recipes and a model for exploring the potential of ash from a new source.

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Kellman, Anthony W. "Rhizobium inoculation, cultivar and management effects on the growth, development and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/378.

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Genotypic differences in growth and yield of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) cultivars to Rhizobium inoculation and management were investigated. In 2003-04, the two bean cultivars (Scylla and T-49) were combined with three inoculant treatments (strains CC 511 and RCR 3644, and a control of no inoculation), two fertiliser levels (0 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹) and two irrigation treatments (irrigated and rainfed). There was no nodulation on either cultivar. To further investigate the symbiotic relationship, 16 rhizobial isolates, including the two used in the first field experiment, were combined with the cultivar Scylla and evaluated in a greenhouse. Subsequently, five Rhizobium isolates were chosen for further field evaluation, based on signs of early nodulation in the greenhouse trial. The second field experiment in 2004-05 combined the five inoculant strains (RCR 3644, UK 2, H 20, PRF 81, PhP 17 and a control) with two bean cultivars (Scylla and T-49). In the greenhouse, nodule number varied from 7 (UK 2) to 347 (H 441) nodules plant⁻¹ at 51 DAS and from 13 (UK 1) to 335 (CIAT 899) nodules plant⁻¹ at 85 DAS. In 2004-05, in the field, nodulation was also variable, ranging between 1 and approximately 70 nodules plant⁻¹, with higher nodules numbers plant⁻¹ being found on cultivar T-49. Of the isolates used in the field, strains H 20, PRF 81 and PhP 17 produced 70, 25 and 12 nodules plant⁻¹ at 70, 40 and 54 DAS respectively. Nodules formed were of various sizes and more than 80 % were pink to dark red in colour denoting the presence of leghaemoglobin and active N fixation. The remaining nodules were either green or white. The importance of selecting an appropriate cultivar for the growing conditions was highlighted in these experiments. Leaf area index, leaf area duration intercepted radiation and final utilisation efficiency were significantly affected by cultivar. In both seasons cv. T-49 reached maturity (dry seed) before Scylla, while unirrigated plants reached green pod maturity seven days before irrigated plants. Plants of cv. Scylla gave a final TDM of 730 g m⁻²; compared to the 530 g m⁻² produced by T-49. The average growth rate was 7.0 and 5.2 g m⁻² day⁻¹ for Scylla and T-49 respectively (2003-04). Plants receiving 150 kg N ha⁻¹ produced 665 g m⁻² TDM which was 12 % more than was produced by unfertilised plants. The application of 150 kg N ha⁻¹ gave an average growth rate of 6.4 g m⁻² day⁻¹ compared to 5.7 g m⁻² day⁻¹ from plants with no N. Inoculation in the field had no significant effect on TDM in both seasons. Temperature affected growth and DM accumulation. Accumulated DM was highly dependent on cumulative intercepted PAR. Air temperatures below the base temperature (10 °C) affected growth in 2004-05, resulting in plants accumulating just 0.24 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR during early growth. This increased to 2.26 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR when the temperature was increased above the base temperature. There was a strong relationship between LAI and intercepted PAR. A LAI of 4.0-4.5 was required to intercept 90-95 % of incident solar radiation. Cultivar significantly (p < 0.001) affected radiation use efficiency (RUE). Scylla had a RUE of 1.02 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR compared to T-49 at 1.18 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR. Seed yield was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by cultivar and fertiliser application. Cultivar Scylla produced 467 g m⁻² which was 76 % more than T-49, while a 12 % increase in seed yield was observed in N fertilised plants over unfertilised plants. Only cultivar significantly affected HI, while the yield components that had the greatest effect on seed yield were hundred seed weight and pods plant⁻¹. Inoculation significantly (p< 0.05) affected 100 seed weight (2004-05). Plants inoculated with strain H 20 had the highest 100 seed weight at 25.2 g with cv. Scylla producing larger seeds than T-49. The belief that local environmental conditions play a major role on field survival of bacteria, led to the use of PCR methods to identify field nodulating organisms. Amplification of genomic DNA from parent isolates using primers fC and rD generated a single band for each isolate. Isolates were identified to the species level as either Rhizobium or Agrobacterium, using the highly conserved internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region and are known to nodulate common bean. The DNA extracted from the isolates recovered from nodules of field grown beans gave multiple bands with primers fC and rD. Five distinct banding patterns were observed. All of these were different from those of parent isolates. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that nodules of field grown beans in Canterbury were inhabited by Pseudomonads either alone or in association with other root nodulating organisms. The inability to identify the inoculant strains in nodules of field grown beans does not rule out their infection and nodulating function in the cultivars used. The results suggest the possibility of both Rhizobium and Pseudomonads cohabiting in the nodules of field grown beans. The aggressive nature of Pseudomonads on artificial media, possibly out competing the inoculant rhizobia is proposed, leading to the inability to identify the inoculant strain from the nodules of the field grown beans by PCR methods. The need to identify the nodule forming or nodule inhabiting bacteria in the nodules is necessary to classify the importance of these organisms and their economic benefit to agricultural production. This study also underlines the importance of using PCR methods to gain valuable insights into the ecological behaviour of Rhizobium inoculants and nodule inhabiting organisms.

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Dennis, Jeremy Ian. "Chocolate spot of faba beans in South Australia." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/109036.

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Entry of inoculum into a crop and disease development in the crop cannot be prevented because spores are airborne and there is a lack of highly resistant varieties. This makes complete control of chocolate spot unlikely. It should however, be possible to improve current levels of disease control through the integration of the factors identified in the study
Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Departments of Plant Science and Crop Protection, 1991

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Ndlovu, Tshepo John. "Effect of rhizobium phaseoli inoculation and phosphorus application on nodulation, growth and yield components of two drybean (phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1387.

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Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015
Low yields in dry bean are often reported to be associated with lack of inoculation of seeds prior to planting. This also results in little fixed nitrogen contributed by the crop. Soil phosphorus (P) is another important yield limiting factor in most of the dry bean producing regions. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of dry bean cultivars to inoculation and phosphorus application under dryland farming conditions during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons at the Syferkuil farm of University of Limpopo. The experiments were carried out as a split split-plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications. Main plot factor comprised two dry bean cultivars viz, red speckled bean and small white haricot. Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation levels (inoculated and uninoculated) were assigned in the sub-plot whilst the sub-sub plot was applied with three phosphorus rates at 0, 45 and 90 kg P kg/ha. Growth parameters, phenological characteristics and yield data were collected during the course of the experiments. The results of the two experiments showed that there was no interactive effect of treatments on growth and yield parameters. However, there was a significant interactive effect of cultivar and inoculation on phenological characteristics in both growing seasons. Main effects of cultivar and inoculation significantly affected most of the parameters measured. Inoculated red speckled bean produced tallest plants which reached 50% flowering and maturity earlier than the small white haricot variety. In both growing seasons grain yield was significantly different between the two cultivars (P ≤ 0.01). The red speckled bean produced higher grain yield of 1657 kg ha-1 and 2547 kg ha-1 in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, respectively. In contrast, the small white haricot bean achieved grain yield of 1396 kg/ha and 1797 kg/ha in the respective seasons. Grain yield was significantly increased by approximately 16.15% and 27.50% with Rhizobium inoculation in the respective seasons. Phosphorus application at varying rates did not have a significant influence on all parameters measured the experiment in both 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons.

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Books on the topic "Beans Field crops"

Hunley, Charles. Cooperative marketing of pulses. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Cooperative Service, 1992.

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International, Food Legume Research Conference on Pea Lentil Faba Bean and Chickpea (1986 Spokane Wash ). World crops: Cool season food legumes : a global perspective of the problems and prospects for crop improvement in pea, lentil, faba bean, and chickpea : proceedings of the International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, and Chickpea, held at the Sheraton Hotel, Spokane, Washington, USA, 6-11 July 1986. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Foundation, Ford, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical., and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas., eds. Potential for field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in West Asia and North Africa: Proceedings of a regional workshop in Aleppo, Syria 21-23 May 1983. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), 1985.

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Alves, Eliseu Roberto de Andrade., Magalhães Marília Castelo, Guedes Pedro Pereira, and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Secretaria de Administração Estratégica., eds. Calculando e atribuindo os benefícios da pesquisa de melhoramento de variedades: O caso da Embrapa. Brasilía, DF: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2002.

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Keys to damaging stages of insects commonly attacking field crops in the Pacific Northwest: Alfalfa, beans, cereals, corn, mint, peas, potatoes, sugarbeets and canola. Moscow, Idaho: [Cooperative Extension Service, University of Idaho, College of Agriculture], 1998.

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Utilization of tropical foods--tropical beans: Compendium on technological and nutritional aspects of processing and utilization of tropical foods, both animal and plant, for purposes of training and field reference. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1989.

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Ruprecht, Lucia. Gestural Imaginaries. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190659370.001.0001.

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Gestural Imaginaries: Dance and Cultural Theory in the Early Twentieth Century offers a new interpretation of European modernist dance by addressing it as guiding medium in a vibrant field of gestural culture that ranges across art and philosophy. Taking further Cornelius Castoriadis’s concept of the social imaginary, it explores this imaginary’s embodied forms. Close readings of dances, photographs, and literary texts are juxtaposed with discussions of gestural theory by thinkers including Walter Benjamin, Sigmund Freud, and Aby Warburg. Choreographic gesture is defined as a force of intermittency that creates a new theoretical status of dance. The book shows how this also bears on contemporary theory. It shifts emphasis from Giorgio Agamben’s preoccupation with gestural mediality to Jacques Rancière’s multiplicity of proliferating, singular gestures, arguing for their ethical and political relevance. Mobilizing dance history and movement analysis, it highlights the critical impact of works by choreographers such as Vaslav Nijinsky, Jo Mihaly, and Alexander and Clotilde Sakharoff. It also offers choreographic readings of Franz Kafka and Alfred Döblin. Gestural Imaginaries proposes that modernist dance conducts a gestural revolution that enacts but also exceeds the insights of past and present cultural theory. It makes a case for archive-based, cross-medial, and critically informed dance studies, transnational German studies, and the theoretical potential of performance itself.

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Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, eds. Medieval Clothing and Textiles. The Boydell Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781800108349.

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The third volume of this pioneering series explores the manufacture and trade of textiles and their practical, fashionable, and symbolic uses. Papers include in-depth studies and cross-genre scholarship representing such fields as social history, economics, art history, archaeology and literature, as well as the reconstruction of textile-making techniques. They range over England, Flanders, France, Germany, and Spain from the seventh to the sixteenth centuries, and address such topics as soft furnishings, ecclesiastical vestments, the economics of the wool trade, the making and use of narrow wares, symbolic reference to courtly dress in a religious text, and aristocratic children's clothing. Also included are reviews of recent books on dress and textile topics. Robin Netherton is a professional editor and a researcher/lecturer on Western European dress, specializing in the depiction and interpretation of clothing by artists and historians. Gale R. Owen-Crocker is Professor of Anglo-Saxon Culture at The University of Manchester and author of Dress in Anglo-Saxon England; she is the Director of an ARHC-funded project on cloth and clothing terminology in medieval Britain. Contributors: Elizabeth Coatsworth, Sarah Larratt Keefer, Susan Leibacher Ward, John H. Munro, John Oldlan, Lesley K. Twomey, Elizabeth Benns, Lois Swales, Heather Blatt, Melanie Schuessler

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Book chapters on the topic "Beans Field crops"

Qureshi, Asif M. Iqbal, and Rie Sadohara. "Breeding Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulqaris L.) with Improved Cooking and Canning Quality Traits." In Quality Breeding in Field Crops, 173–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04609-5_8.

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Nyvall, Robert F. "Diseases of Field Beans." In Field Crop Diseases Handbook, 215–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5221-2_7.

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Cominelli, Eleonora, A. Paula Rodiño, Antonio M. De Ron, and Francesca Sparvoli. "Genetic Approaches to Improve Common Bean Nutritional Quality: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives." In Quality Breeding in Field Crops, 109–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04609-5_5.

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Babu, G. Ravi, and N. V. Gowtham Deekshithulu. "Automated Drip Irrigation System for Sweet Corn and Cluster Bean: Field Evaluation of a Low-Cost Soil Moisture Sensor." In Fertigation Technologies for Micro Irrigated Crops, 181–211. First edition. | Series statement: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003084136-14.

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Sofkova-Bobcheva, Svetla, Ivelin Pantchev, Ivan Kiryakov, Petar Chavdarov, Yordan Muhovski, Fatma Sarsu, and Nasya Tomlekova. "Induced mutagenesis for improvement of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Bulgaria." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 178–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0018.

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Abstract Although historically a surplus food producer, Bulgarian agriculture has faced a downturn in recent decades. Local legume cultivars have lost favour with farmers and the canning industry, due to their low productivity in comparison with imported ones. Diseases and abiotic stresses are the most important factors limiting the production of edible legumes, costing farmers hundreds of euros in lost revenue each year. The overall objective of our ongoing bean mutation breeding programme was to enrich the gene pool of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and to develop genotypes resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) (Xap) and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Burkh.) (Psp) using EMS. An elite line and common cultivar (an heirloom and a snap bean type) in Bulgaria, were selected as parents and the chemical mutagen EMS was used for generating mutations. In total, 1000 seeds were treated and the two generated M1 populations were grown in the field. All M₂ mutant plants (1650 from initial line IP564 and 2420 from initial cultivar 'Mastilen 11b') were grown in field conditions and a number of phenotypic changes were observed on these mutated plants. They were also screened for Xap disease resistance via leaf artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Individual plant selection was performed for the putatively resistant M₂ plants. In the M₃ generation these lines were screened using artificial inoculation with Xap and Psp pathogens (leaves and pods) under field conditions. Selected M₃-M₄ lines with confirmed disease resistance were tested for fresh pod quality. Yield tests were started in M₄ and M₅ generations and, according to their productivity performance, mutants were advanced to the M₆/M₇ generation for validation. The expression patterns of genes putatively involved in the resistance reactions towards two races of Psp were determined using qRT-PCR for the specific and reference genes. In conclusion, 50 plants with visible morphological changes and/or increased tolerance to the two targeted bacterial diseases were selected. A total of 20 advanced mutant bean lines are currently being evaluated for their competitiveness in multiple sites.

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Ogrodowicz, P., M. Surma, T. Adamski, Z. Kaczmarek, W. K. Święcicki, P. Stopyra, A. Kuczyńska, K. Krystkowiak, and K. Mikołajczak. "Effects of Temperature on Growth During in vitro Embryo Culture of Field Bean (Vicia faba var. minor L.)." In Breeding Grasses and Protein Crops in the Era of Genomics, 51–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89578-9_9.

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Vargas, Milton A. T., Ieda C. Mendes, and Mariangela Hungria. "Response of Field Grown Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Rhizobium Inoculation and N Fertilization in Two Cerrados Soils." In Nitrogen Fixation: From Molecules to Crop Productivity, 613. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47615-0_353.

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Nakagawa, Hitoshi. "History of mutation breeding and molecular research using induced mutations in Japan." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 24–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0003.

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Abstract Following the construction of the Gamma Field at the Institute of Radiation Breeding in 1960, mutation breeding was accelerated in Japan. The facility is used, with a radiation dose up to 2 Gy/day (ca. 300,000 times that of natural background), to induce mutations at a higher frequency than occurs in nature. There have been 318 direct- use mutant cultivars representing 79 species generated through irradiation of gamma-rays, X-rays, ion beams and chemicals and somaclonal variation. Approximately 79% of these direct-use cultivars were induced by radiation. There have been 375 indirect-use mutant cultivars, including 332 rice, of which 162 cultivars (48.8%) were derived from the semi-dwarf mutant cv. 'Reimei'. The economic impact of these mutant cultivars, primarily of rice and soybean, is very large. Some useful mutations are discussed for rice, such as low digestible protein content, low amylose content, giant embryo and non-shattering. Useful mutations in soybean such as radiosensitivity, fatty acid composition and super-nodulation have been identified. Japanese pear and apple resistant to Alternaria disease have also been identified. The achievements of biological research such as characterization and determination of deletion size generated by gamma-rays, the effect of deletion size and the location, and a mechanism of dominant mutation induction are identified. Similarly, genetic studies on mutations generated through the use of gamma-ray induced mutations, such as phytochrome response, aluminium tolerance, stay-green (Mendel's gene) and epicuticular wax have also been conducted. Mutation breeding is a very useful technology for isolating genes and for elucidating gene functions and metabolic pathways in various crops.

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Getahun, Alemayehu, Diriba Muleta, Fassil Assefa, and Solomon Kiros. "Field Application of Rhizobial Inoculants in Enhancing Faba Bean Production in Acidic Soils: An Innovative Strategy to Improve Crop Productivity." In Salt Stress, Microbes, and Plant Interactions: Causes and Solution, 147–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8801-9_7.

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Lauer, Sascha, Sebastian Rieck, Martin-Christoph Wanner, and Wilko Flügge. "Partial Automated Multi-Pass-Welding for Thick Sheet Metal Connections." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021, 399–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_33.

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AbstractThe production of tubular-node-connections, which are required for the construction of offshore wind energy plants or converter platforms, is subject to high manufacturing standards. The welding process is currently carried out manually and requires a great deal of experience on the part of the welder. In this process, one or more branch member pipes are welded to a base pipe, which vary in their diameters and alignment to each other. This results in a small batch size for which no standard automation solution can be considered. The approach of a pre-defined offline path-planning is not expedient, since the weld metal forms differently with the multiple curved geometries and the desired target result cannot be achieved with an integrated compensation. The approach for automation combines the experience of a skilled welder with the accuracy of an industrial-robot. For implementation, the robot system moves along the welding contour with a 2D-profile sensor. The joint profile is recorded at defined measurement points. Parallel to the seam cross-section, the current gradient of the geometry in relation to the horizontal plane is stored. After all the information has been generated, it is visualized for the operator in a graphical user interface. The operator can use his experience in the field of welding technology and can carry out the positioning of the weld seam in every single scan generated. The decisions on positioning are stored in the system and serve as a base for a future implementation of an automatic system for positioning welding beads on multi-curved contours.

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Conference papers on the topic "Beans Field crops"

Okuneva, A. A. "CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURAL AND AGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM WHEN USING MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS IN THE CROPS OF FORAGE BEANS." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-37.

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The article presents the results of field studies to assess the effect of biological preparations based on microorganisms Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas chloraraphis on the structural and aggregate composition of the soil before and after the introduction of plant residues of forage beans.

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Khramoy, V. K., and Т. D. Sikharulidze. "The influence of herbicides on the indicators of the structure of the seeds of soybean in the conditions of the central regions of the Non-black earth zone." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-72.

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In a field experiment, it was established that of the three herbicides we studied in soybean crops, Dual Gold is the most effective. Its use increases, in comparison with the control, the number of beans per plant by 2.2 times, the number of seeds by 2.4 times, and the mass of seeds by 2.9 times. The least efficient is Fabian. In terms of most indicators of the yield structure, it is reliably inferior to Dual Gold. Zenkor is slightly inferior in efficiency to Dual Gold. The differences between them are not reliable. High efficiency (at the level of Dual Gold) was shown by the combined use of Zenkor and Fabian herbicides in doses reduced by 20%.

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Stutzman, Brooke S., and John P. Verboncoeur. "Electron excursion versus scattering mechanism in a cross-field diode." In 2014 IEEE 41st International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) held with 2014 IEEE International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2014.7012568.

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Sen, Debjyoti, Mona Abdolrazaghi, David S. Nobes, and Sushanta K. Mitra. "Investigation of Interstitial Velocity Field Inside Micro-Porous Media." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38347.

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An investigation of interstitial velocity field within a micro porous media is studied using a three component three dimensional (3C3D) μ-PIV system. The porous media is formed by packing of micro glass beads of size 400 μm inside a flow cell. The two component two dimensional (2C2D) velocity fields in micro pore region are obtained near the wall. 3C3D velocity field is obtained by scanning through 100 μm inside the porous media using the scanning μ-PIV system. Cross flow pattern and flow recirculation is observed within the micro pore region.

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Agrawal, Manish, Mohammad Al Ahsan, and Md Afsar Ali. "Analysis of elastic field in functionally graded material beams with square cross-section." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICMEAS 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5018562.

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Purekar, Ashish S., and Darryll J. Pines. "Detecting Delamination Damage in Tapered Rotorcraft Flexbeams Using the Direct Field Response." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0527.

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Abstract Flexbeams in hingeless rotors have non-uniform geometries to form virtual hinges for the lead-lag and flap motions of blades. For bearingless rotors, the flexbeams also contain a virtual hinge for the pitch of the blades. Commonly, flexbeams are damaged through high cyclic and vibratory loadings. Damage in the form of delamination for composite beams degrade performance and can potentially cause catastrophic failure. In a beam of uniform cross section, the transverse dynamics of a beam can be characterized by four wavetypes. By tracking the progression of the waves along the beam and back again, the wavetypes can be used to infer damage. While this process has worked well for uniform beams with cracks, tapered beams are difficult to model. To avoid high fidelity spectral finite element modeling of tapered flexbeams, this paper introduces a concept involving the use of the dereverberated transfer function response to infer delamination damage. A “virtual control” is introduced to obtain the dereverberated transfer function with and without damage. Analytical and experimental results suggest that this approach can be used to qualitatively infer damage in flexbeams with tapered geometries. Preliminary experimental results are displayed for flexbeams with varying thickness and width tapers.

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Zalite, Anete Anna, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Kristine Valujeva, Inga Grinfelde, Sindija Liepa, Juris Burlakovs, and Zane Zane Vincevica-Gaile. "The impact of crop on GHG emissions from clay soils: case study of Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2021 : annual 27th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.042.

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Agriculture is a source of three primary GHG: CO2, CH4 and N2O. In order to reduce agricultural GHG emissions, agricultural practices have to promote sustainable land management by helping to prevent soil erosion and creating the potential to increase soil carbon stock. Sustainable soil management includes reducing tillage and introducing legumes in crop rotation. The aim of the study is to identify the impacts of the soil tillage and the cultivated crops on formation of GHG emissions. The study site has 24 experimental fields where two types of soil tillage have been used and four crops where grown (wheat Triticum aestivum, rape Brassica napus, beans Vicia faba and barley Hordeum vulgare). Soil humidity, soil temperature and measurements of GHG emissions have been carried out during the plant vegetation period from 2018 to 2020. GHG emissions where measured using Picarro G2508. A total of 460 measurements of GHG emissions were made in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The minimum value of N2O emission is -19.5 g ha-1 day-1, but the maximum is 273.4 g ha-1 day-1. CH4 emission has a minimum value of -84.8 g ha-1 day-1, and a maximum of 514.1 g ha-1 day-1. The minimum value of CO2 emission is -13.0 kg ha-1 day-1, but maximum of 1026.7 kg ha-1 day-1. The results of CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions show a significant discrepancies between the arithmetic mean and the median values which indicates the observed extreme values. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences in GHG emissions by crop groups.

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Wauer, Jörg. "Weight-Excited Vibrations of Rotating Curved Beams." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0227.

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Abstract Flexural vibrations of a slender rotating beam whose centre line is assumed to be naturally curved are considered. The beam, simply supported and axially restrained rotates at a constant speed about a horizontal axis in a gravity field. In one case, the rotational axis is parallel to the line connecting the centroids of the end cross-sections, and, in the other case, it is perpendicular to that line. A modal truncation of the governing nonlinear boundary value problem yields a set of ordinary gyroscopic differential equations of the Duffing type. For the cases of a cross-section with extremely different bending stiffnesses and a circular cross-section, the vibrational behaviour is analyzed in detail. The steady-state response (neglecting the influence of gravity) and its stability are considered first. A numerical investigation of weight-excited oscillations follows, where both periodic and even chaotic motions may occur. The effect of different damping mechanisms is addressed. A comparison with the dynamic snap-through of a non-rotating arch and the nonlinear vibrations of a rotating straight bar concludes the contribution.

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Tangwa, Elvis, Vit Voženílek, Jan Brus, and Vilem Pechanec. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF SELECTED LEGUME CROPS IN EAST AFRICA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/02.

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Land expansion to increase agricultural production in East Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) will be limited by climate change. In this study, we predict landscape suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentil (Lens culinaris), field pea (Pisum sativum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivated across diverse agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in East Africa from 1970 to 2070, under the 4.5 emission scenario. Our aim was to understand how suitability shifts among the AEZs might affect the agricultural potential of the selected crops. We use the geolocations of each crop together with response curves from the species distribution software, Maxent to fine-tune the expert based EcoCrop model to the prevailing climatic conditions in the study region. Our optimal precipitation and temperature ranges compared reasonably with the FAO base parameters, deviating by ±200mm and ±5oC, respectively. There is currently a high potential for lentil, pea and common bean in the region. However, under future climates, the suitability of common bean and lentil with a much narrow climate range will shrink considerably while pigeon pea and chickpea will continue to be suitable. Under projected climatic conditions, the agricultural potential of these legumes will be limited by drought or heat stress as landscape suitability will shift optimally toward the cool sub-humid (tcsh), and the cool semi-arid (tcsa) zones. Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda will be the most affected and will lose a large share of suitable arable land. Different adaptation measures will be needed to increase the agricultural potential and optimized production in vulnerable AEZs. In general, smallholder farmers will have to substitute lentil and common bean for chickpea and pigeon pea or other suitable substitutes to address food security issues. Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, our results highlight the vulnerability of legumes crops as well as their production zones which could be useful in the formulation of adaptation strategies for the East African region.

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Liu, Dong, Martin Maxey, and George Karniadakis. "Dynamic Self-Assembly in Confined Micro-Domains." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60743.

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We simulate dynamic self-assembly of paramagnetic beads in domains of rectangular, triangular and circular cross-section. We demonstrate that depending on the magnetic field, the number of microparticles, and the shape of microdomain, different self-assembled structures can be produced. This provides an exciting possibility for making reconfigurable multi-functional microdevices, and may also suggest new protocols for fabricating three-dimensional microsystems and nanosystems.

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Reports on the topic "Beans Field crops"

Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.

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Academic literature on the topic 'Beans Field crops'

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Journal articles on the topic "Beans Field crops"

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Reports on the topic "Beans Field crops"