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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction"

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Li, Peng, Min Wang, Xiao Li Qi, Jian You Feng, Xiao Hui Liu, Run Qiu Tang, and Wen Ying Zhao. "Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Slewing Bearings Using Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.286.

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Slewing bearings are the basic structural components widely used in construction machinery industry. Their stress status and distribution have great influence on the service life. A finite element approach for a single-row slewing bearing is established based on the bilinear isotropic model. The stress status at different loading conditions is simulated with the bearing geometric and material parameters. The result shows that the numerical simulation is reasonable in comparison with the analytical result obtained by Hertz’s theory and provides reliable design guideline for slewing bearings.

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Amrhein, W., S. Silber, K. Nenninger, G. Trauner, and R. Schöb. "Mechatronical Design Studies on Small Brushless Motors." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 2 (2003): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000113.

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Brushless DC- and AC-permanent-magnet motors controlled by powerful micro-controller electronics have opened up a significant share of the small motor market in the last years. Based on the mechanical low cost construction of single-phase motor the paper presents electronic drive concepts to improve the performance and for special applications also the lifetime of brushless motors. The tangential and radial forces acting on the rotor are controlled by special phase current curves to reduce the torque ripple and to avoid expendable machinery parts like ball or sliding bearings.

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Gunter, Edgar J., and Brian K. Weaver. "Kaybob Revisited: What We Have Learned about Compressor Stability from Self-Excited Whirling." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2016 (December 20, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7368787.

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The Kaybob compressor failure of 1971 was an excellent historic example of rotordynamic instability and the design factors that affect this phenomenon. In the case of Kaybob, the use of poorly designed bearings produced unstable whirling in both the low and high pressure compressors. This required over five months of vibration troubleshooting and redesign along with over 100 million modern U.S. dollars in total costs and lost revenue. In this paper, the history of the Kaybob compressor failure is discussed in detail including a discussion of the ineffective bearing designs that were considered. Modern bearing and rotordynamic analysis tools are then employed to study both designs that were considered along with new designs for the bearings that could have ultimately restored stability to the machine. These designs include four-pad, load-between-pad bearings and squeeze film dampers with a central groove. Simple relationships based on the physics of the system are also used to show how the bearings could be tuned to produce optimum bearing stiffness and damping of the rotor vibration, producing insights which can inform the designers as they perform more comprehensive analyses of these systems.

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ŻOCHOWSKI, Tomasz, and Artur OLSZEWSKI. "ANALYSIS OF BEARING CLEARANCE AND WIDTH OF AN OIL GROOVE ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUID FILM IN HYDRODYNAMIC MAIN CRANKSHAFT BEARINGS." Tribologia 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7669.

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Paper represents an analysis of the influence of oil groove width and bearing clearance on the characteristics of oil film in a hydrodynamic journal main crankshaft bearing. Analysis was performed to define the influence of bearing clearance and dimensions of oil grooves on static characteristics and manufacturability of half-shelf bearings in industrial high-volume production. Computer simulations were made using an ARTbear program, which was developed in Department of Machine Construction and Vehicle Design in Gdańsk Technical University. The analysis allowed defining the correlation between groove geometry and load capacity and working conditions of bearings. Potential opportunities of possible shortening of production time in high-volume production were also indicated.

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Jurecki, Rafał, Edward Pokropiński, Dariusz Więckowski, and Łukasz Żołądek. "Design of a Test Rig for the Examination of Mechanical Properties of Rolling Bearings." Management Systems in Production Engineering 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2017-0003.

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AbstractThe paper presents a design basis adopted for the construction of a test facility for the rig testing of rolling bearings. One of the methods of inspection of the bearings is the testing of the bearings as components having already been mounted in a specific machine component unit and tested in the conditions of operation of the unit as a whole. This article presents preliminary engineering requirements and the design of a special test rig for the examination of rolling bearings without the necessity of mounting the bearings in a specific machine component unit. The rig testing is widely used in consideration of numerous good points of such a method. The simulation testing of bearings (on test rigs) consists in reproducing as accurately as possible the real conditions of operation of the bearings when mounted in the device for which they are intended. The rigs used for such tests are complicated and expensive, but the results of such tests are more “reliable” and more accurately represent the impact of various operational factors (loads) on the durability of the bearings under test.

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Murthy, T. S. R. "Construction and design of self adjusting hydrodynamic bearings for precision machine tool spindles." International Journal of Machine Tool Design and Research 26, no. 2 (January 1986): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7357(86)90218-0.

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Wang, Cheng-Chi, Rong-Mao Lee, Chih-Jer Lin, Chih-Yung Huang, and Tsui-Er Lee. "Research on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of opposed high-speed gas bearing systems." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 39, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 502–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348419834758.

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In recent years, the opposed high-speed gas bearing system has been gradually valued and used in the field of precision machinery, especially for precision instruments and mechanisms requiring high speed, high precision, and high rigidity. Although the bearing capacity is not as good as the oil film bearings, it can provide a working environment where the rotor can generate high speed and low heat without deformation of the shaft, and the gas pressure distribution of clearance in bearing also has better stability. Due to the strong nonlinearity of the gas film pressure function of gas bearings and the fact that the actual shaft system possesses dynamic problems including critical speed, spindle imbalance or improper bearing design, it will cause the rotation process of the shaft to produce a nonperiodic motion and instability, and even chaotic motion under certain parameters. And these irregular movements can even cause machine damage or process delays when serious, so in order to understand the process of working under the conditions where the system will have a nonperiodic phenomenon and to avoid the occurrence of irregular vibration especially chaos. In this paper, the opposed high-speed gas bearing system feature will be discussed in detail with three different numerical analysis methods, i.e. the finite difference method, perturbation method, and mixing method. The relevant theories include dynamic trajectories, spectrum analysis, bifurcation diagram, Poincare map, and the maximum Lyapunov exponents. From the results of nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor center, periodic and nonperiodic motions occur at different rotor masses and bearing parameters, respectively. Especially, for the chaos of shaft exists at specific intervals and can be distinguished efficiently. Meanwhile, it is found to ensure that the bearing system can suppress the phenomena of chaos actively by adjusting the bearing parameters, and reduce the system loss caused by irregular vibration. It is expected to be an important basis for designing a precision shaft or mechanism and to enhance the stability and performance of bearing system.

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Boral, Piotr. "The design of the CNC milling machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925401003.

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CNC machine tools are currently predominating in the machine-building industry. Generally, these machine tools are equipped with control systems supplied by the world's leading manufacturers, such as Siemens, Fanuc or HeidenHein, and are very expensive. In parallel, many cheap amateur and semi-professional CNC machine tool solutions are being developed. Below, a CNC milling machine of welded construction is described, which is intended to be, at the same time, a test stand. The design of the milling machine is based on steel closed sections of a large cross-section and a big wall thickness. This has allowed a rigid frame structure to be obtained. To obtain high displacement accuracy, high-accuracy profiled rail slideways have been used, along which pre-stressed linear ball bearings move. The machine tool has been furnished with a fourth numerically controlled axis, which is demountable.

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D. Holt, Gary, and David J. Edwards. "Machinery transportation management: case study of “plant-trailer” H&S incidents." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2014): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-01-2014-0001.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate causal agents of health and safety (H&S) incidents among “plant-trailers” (as used by construction and utility contractors to transport mechanical machinery); including the relationship(s) of such incidents to routine safety inspections and, plant maintenance functions. Design/methodology/approach – H&S plant-trailer incident data, from a collaborating UK-based case study utility company are analysed using inductive, interpretative and descriptive statistical methods. Findings – Principal incident occurrences relate to trailer wheels, wheel bearings, tyres and braking systems. All forms of incidents observed harbour significant risk and especially, if they occur during travel on public highways. Derived recommendations for incident mitigation and control, suggest a requirement for improved human behaviour, machinery inspection regimes and maintenance systems. Research limitations/implications – The findings will be valuable to academia as a basis for advancing this new research subject, both empirically and internationally. Direction is offered in this respect. Practical implications – Recommendations will be of practical relevance to machinery management practitioners generally and to plant-trailer stakeholders more specifically. For the latter, the study encourages introspective consideration of plant-trailer H&S systems. Originality/value – No previous research has targeted these issues relating to plant-trailers.

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Gutzwiller, Les, and Mark A. Corbo. "Vibration and Stability of 3000-hp, Titanium Chemical Process Blower." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 3 (2003): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000186.

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This 74-in-diameter blower had an overhung rotor design of titanium construction, operating at 50 pounds per square inch gauge in a critical chemical plant process. The shaft was supported by oil-film bearings and was directdriven by a 3000-hp electric motor through a metal disk type of coupling. The operating speed was 1780 rpm. The blower shaft and motor shaft motion was monitored by Bently Nevada proximity probes and a Model 3100 monitoring system.Although the blowers showed very satisfactory vibration levels during test runs at the manufacturer's plant, the vibration levels in situ had always been higher than was desirable. After several months of monitoring showed ever increasing vibration levels, one of the blowers was shut down in order to diagnose and resolve the problem.Several steps were taken to diagnose the problem: (1) The rotor was removed and the shop balance was checked and corrected. (2) The bearing support movement due to thermal expansion was measured. Then the shafts were misaligned in the cold condition in order to achieve near-perfect shaft alignment during normal operation. (3) The expected shaft vibration at the bearings was determined using lateral rotor dynamics analysis, including critical speed mapping. (4) A heavy sleeve was added to the blower shaft to increase the radial load on the drive-end bearing. (5) The metal disk type of coupling was replaced by a gear coupling. (6) The finite element and impact of the bearing support pedestal were tested to determine the stiffness of the bearing support. (7) The shaft movement was measured during a coast-down. (8)Tilting-pad bearings were evaluated as a possible replacement for the original standard sleeve type of hydrodynamic oil-film bearings.The final solution showed the importance of coupling angular stiffness (often rarely considered in machine design), rotor dynamic analysis, and field alignment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction"

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Stack, Jason R. "Fault signature detection for rolling element bearings in electric machines." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13276.

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Tekin, Koray Serdar. "Design And Construction Of Boundary Lubricated Bearing Test Rig And Wear Analysis In Earthmoving Machinery." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612751/index.pdf.

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Excavators which used as earthmoving machinery are exposed to heavy loads and operate long hours repeatedly. The forces that are transmitted trough pin bearings are observed to cause failure due to wear. Therefore, durability of bearings is crucial for excavators. The aim of this study is to perform wear analysis of excavator bearings running in boundary lubrication regime. A hydraulically powered test rig, which simulates the operating conditions of excavator bearings is designed and constructed. Wear is obtained applying both force and relative motion between pin and bearing on the test rig. Several tests are performed in this test bench. Force and material type are varied as the factors influencing wear. Results are compared and the effects of the factors on wear are determined.

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Lima, e. Silva Rafael Augusto de 1984. "Projeto mecânico de biela automotiva baseado em otimização estrutural." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265973.

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Orientador: Marco Lúcio Bittencourt
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LimaeSilva_RafaelAugustode_M.pdf: 10555723 bytes, checksum: 1d037ebafbabc24e214c06ad76c5f54a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O trabalho descreve o projeto mecânico convencional de uma biela automotiva de motor de combustão interna e apresenta uma metodologia alternativa baseada em métodos de otimização estrutural com o objetivo de reduzir a massa do componente. Para tal, é feita a descrição de todos os parâmetros de projeto assim como a definição de critérios de projeto. Em virtude da criticidade da aplicação selecionada, motor de ciclo Diesel utilizado em caminhões de trabalho pesado com picos de pressão de combustão de até 240 bar, a biela foi projetada sem bucha utilizando-se extensivamente os métodos numéricos. O Método dos Elementos Finitos foi aplicado para cálculo de tensões, deslocamentos, pressões de contato, flambagem, fadiga e para a síntese modal de componentes utilizados na análise dinâmica de multicorpos com mancais elasto-hidrodinâmicos. Dois modelos de fadiga dos materiais foram estudados: o modelo americano baseado no diagrama de Goodman e tensões principais e o modelo alemão baseado no diagrama de Haigh e efeito do gradiente de tensões multiaxiais; dos quais concluiu-se que o modelo americano é suficiente para o projeto da biela ao passo que o modelo alemão traz oportunidades adicionais de redução de massa. A otimização topológica, otimização de forma e análise de sensibilidade permitiram a obtenção de uma biela 210g (3\%) mais leve e com melhor desempenho dos mancais hidrodinâmicos. Finalmente, concluiu-se que o Método da Otimização Topológica apresenta oportunidades interessantes aos projetistas na fase de conceituação de produtos como alternativa aos desenhos convencionais, no entanto, demanda esforço adicional para o atendimento de todos os critérios de projeto do componente
Abstract: The present work consists of the conventional mechanical design description of an internal combustion engine connecting rod and also the proposal of an alternative methodology based on optimization methods with the objective of reducing the component mass. Therefore, it is performed a detailed view of all design parameters as well as the definition of design criteria. Because of the critical application selected, Diesel engine of heavy duty truck with combustion pressure reaching up to 240bar, the connecting rod was designed without bushing and with extensive use of numerical methods. The Finite Element Method was applied to assess stresses, displacements, contact pressures, buckling, fatigue and to perform the Component Modal Synthesis for multi-body dynamics simulation with elasto-hydrodynamic bearings. Two fatigue models were studied: the American model based on Goodman's diagram and principal stresses and the German model based on Haigh's diagram and multiaxial stress gradient effect; from which it was concluded that the American model is enough to design the connecting rod, while the German model presents additional weight reduction opportunities. The topology optimization, shape optimization and sensitivity analysis enabled a 210g (3\%) lighter connecting rod with improved bearings performance. Finally, it was concluded that the Topology Optimization Method presents good opportunities for the design engineers in the conceptual phases of product development with alternatives to the conventional designs. However, additional effort is necessary to fit the concept into all design criteria
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Dawson, Benedict E. "Design and implementation of magnetic bearings and associated controllers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360583.

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Strand, Henrik. "Design, testing and analysis of journal bearings for construction equipment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-429.

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Rothwell, Benjamin Charles. "Design of robust PTFE faced bearings for performance and reliability in large rotating machinery." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13348/.

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In this thesis a Finite Element Modelling (FEM) approach is proposed for modelling the visco-plastic creep effects that a PTFE-faced thrust bearing would undergo during normal operating conditions. A thermal elastic hydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) model is developed, which uses the Reynolds equations for a fluid film, coupled with Hertzian contact theory and the energy equation to predict the pressure and film thickness on the PTFE face as well as the temperature and thickness of the fluid. These variables are then used with a Norton creep function to predict the secondary creep effects on the PTFE surface. This change in PTFE thickness due to visco-plastic effects are taken into account within the film thickness equations and the effects over a bearing’s operational life span studied. The Norton creep function is obtained from experimental creep results conducted on filled PTFE samples at the University of Leeds. This experimental method allowed for the displacement of the samples to be recorded over a 7 day test period at a representative range of pressure and temperature conditions and a Norton creep function to be obtained from the results. The Norton creep function was then included within the simulations to allow for the visco-plastic creep effects to be studied. Results obtained showed that whilst the secondary creep had a small effect on the pressure profile of the pad, the peak pressure was significantly affected during the duration of the pads operational life. It was concluded that this was due to the pad deformation changing, meaning a smaller peak pressure was observed, but the tilt angle did not change greatly, meaning the profile did not change. The pad and film thickness also changed as time passed, with the pad getting thinner in areas of high pressure and temperature, due to the secondary creep effects. It was also observed that the peak temperature of the pad also decreased as time passed, due to the film thickness increase in areas of high temperature.

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Tseng, Chaw-Wu. "Vibration of rotating-shaft design spindles with flexible bases /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7129.

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Frew, David Anthony. "The design, development and vibration analysis of a high-speed aerostatic bearing." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/362.

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Mwenda, H. M. "Design, construction and evaluation of a nutation-spin rotary forging press." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371286.

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Mainland, Marlene Elise. "Analytical and experimental investigation of an efficient viscous pump." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15832.

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Books on the topic "Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction"

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Bearing design in machinery: Engineering tribology and lubrication. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Yoda, T. Rolling bearings for industrial robots. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1990.

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Richard, Booser E., ed. Applied tribology: Bearing design and lubrication. New York: John Wiley, 2001.

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Mazanek, Eugeniusz. Zagadnienia konstrukcyjne i wytrzymałościowe w wielkogabarytowych lożyskach tocznych wieńcowych. Częstochowa: Wydawnictwa Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 2005.

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Zhou cheng mo ca xue yuan li ji ying yong: Bearing Tribology Principles and Applications. Beijing: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2012.

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Kodnir, D. S. Ėlastogidrodinamicheskiĭ raschet detaleĭ mashin. Moskva: Mashinostroenie, 1988.

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Krajowa Konferencja Naukowo-Techniczna Inżynieria Łożyskowania z okazji Jubileuszu 75-lecia urodzin i 50-lecia działalności naukowej Prof. Tadeusza Gerlacha (1996 Gdańsk, Poland). Krajowa Konferencja Naukowo-Techniczna Inżynieria Łożyskowania z okazji Jubileuszu 75-lecia urodzin i 50-lecia działalności naukowej Prof. Tadeusza Gerlacha, 4-5 VI 96: Materiały. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Instytutu Maszyn Przepływowych PAN, 1996.

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Roeder, C. W. Steel bridge bearing selection and design guide: [Charles Roeder and John Stanton]. Chicago, Ill: American Iron and Steel Institute, 1996.

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Richard, Booser E., ed. Applied tribology: Bearing design and lubrication. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley, 2008.

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Khonsari, Michael M. Applied tribology: Bearing design and lubrication. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction"

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Naboni, Roberto, and Ingrid Paoletti. "Advanced Machinery." In Advanced Customization in Architectural Design and Construction, 29–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04423-1_3.

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Oeljeklaus, Michael, and Lubomír Pešík. "Low-Speed Bearings Diagnostic Equipment." In Current Methods of Construction Design, 367–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33146-7_42.

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Mosler, Václav, Jan Pavlík, Jiří Havlík, and Ivo Křístek. "The Device for Measuring the Stiffness of the Bearings." In Current Methods of Construction Design, 121–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33146-7_14.

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Mrugalska, Beata, and Aleksandra Kawecka-Endler. "Machinery Design for Construction Safety in Practice." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 388–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21666-4_43.

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Madaj, R., and R. Kohar. "Support Tools in the Development of Bearings for Wind Turbines." In The Latest Methods of Construction Design, 57–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22762-7_9.

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Zhang, Shuangshuang, Canqun He, and Zhangyu Ji. "Study on Human - Machine Interface Design of Construction Machinery." In Advances in Ergonomics in Design, 78–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94706-8_10.

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Kohar, R., and S. Hrcek. "The Effect of Fits Stiffness on Distribution of Internal Loading in Rolling Bearings." In The Latest Methods of Construction Design, 235–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22762-7_35.

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Pawlik, Jan, Jakub Roemer, Sławomir Kantor, Grzegorz Żywica, Paweł Bagiński, and Adam Martowicz. "Multifunctional bushing for a gas foil bearing - design and physical prototype construction using 3D printing technology." In Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science, 3479–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_343.

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Hu, J., W. H. Liao, Yong Dai, and H. Guo. "A Study on Ontology-Based Modeling Technologies for the Construction Machinery Conceptual Design Knowledge Management." In Advances in Machining & Manufacturing Technology VIII, 361–65. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-999-7.361.

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Jayakiran Reddy, Esanakula, C. N. V. Sridhar, and V. Pandu Rangadu. "Research and Development of Knowledge Based Intelligent Design System for Bearings Library Construction Using SolidWorks API." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 311–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23258-4_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bearings (Machinery) Design and construction"

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Mushi, Simon E., Zongli Lin, and Paul E. Allaire. "Design, Construction and Modeling of a Flexible Rotor Active Magnetic Bearing Test Rig." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23619.

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The successful industrial application of flexible rotors supported on active magnetic bearings (AMBs) requires careful attention not only to rotordynamic design aspects, but also to electromagnetic and feedback control design aspects. This paper describes the design, construction and modeling process for an AMB test rig which contains a 1.23m long flexible steel rotor, with a mass of 44.9 kg and two gyroscopic disks. The rotor typifies a small industrial centrifugal compressor designed to operate above 12,000 rpm and the first bending natural frequency. There are four AMBs — two AMBs at the shaft ends to support the shaft with a combined load capacity of 2600N and two additional AMBs at the mid and quarter spans to allow for the application of simulated destabilizing fluid or electromagnetic forces to the rotor. Simulated aerodynamic cross coupling stiffness values are to be applied to the rotor through these two internal AMBs with the goal of developing stabilizing robust controllers. The unique design allows multiple support and disturbance locations providing the ability to represent a variety of machine configurations, e.g., between bearing and overhung designs. The shaft transfer function in lateral movement has been developed with finite element model and then verified by experimental frequency response measurements. Models for the power amplifiers, position sensors, signal conditioning and data converter hardware were developed, verified experimentally and included in the overall system model. A PID controller was developed and tuned to levitate the rotor and enable further system characterization.

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Baun, Daniel O., Eric H. Maslen, Carl R. Knospe, and Ronald D. Flack. "A Multiple Harmonic Open Loop Controller for Hydro/Aerodynamic Force Measurements in Rotating Machinery Using Magnetic Bearings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0023.

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Inherent in the construction of many experimental apparatus designed to measure the hydro/aerodynamic forces of rotating machinery are features that contribute undesirable parasitic forces to the measured or test forces. Typically, these parasitic forces are due to seals, drive couplings, and hydraulic and/or inertial unbalance. To obtain accurate and sensitive measurement of the hydro/aerodynamic forces in these situations, it is necessary to subtract the parasitic forces from the test forces. In general, both the test forces and the parasitic forces will be dependent on the system operating conditions including the specific motion of the rotor. Therefore, to properly remove the parasitic forces the vibration orbits and operating conditions must be the same in tests for determining the hydro/aerodynamic forces and tests for determining the parasitic forces. This, in turn, necessitates a means by which the test rotor’s motion can be accurately controlled to an arbitrarily defined trajectory. Here in, an interrupt driven multiple harmonic open loop controller was developed and implemented on a laboratory centrifugal pump rotor supported in magnetic bearings (active load cells) for this purpose. This allowed the simultaneous control of sub-harmonic, synchronous and super-harmonic rotor vibration frequencies with each frequency independently forced to some user defined orbital path. The open loop controller was implemented on a standard PC using commercially available analog input and output cards. All analog input and output functions, transformation of the position signals from the time domain to the frequency domain, and transformation of the open loop control signals from the frequency domain to the time domain were performed in an interrupt service routine. Rotor vibration was attenuated to the noise floor, vibration amplitude ≈ 0.2 μm, or forced to a user specified orbital trajectory. Between the whirl frequencies of ¼ and 2 times running speed, the orbit semi-major and semi-minor axis magnitudes were controlled to within 0.5% of the requested axis magnitudes. The ellipse angles and amplitude phase angles of the imposed orbits were within 0.3° and 1.0°, respectively, of their requested counter parts.

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Liwång, Hans, Lars Pejlert, Steve Miller, and Jan-Erik Gustavsson. "Management of High Speed Machinery Signatures to Meet Stealth Requirement in the Royal Swedish Navy Visby Class Corvette (YS 2000)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0214.

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Over the years, the word stealth has been used more and more when discussing design and operational characteristics in military applications. New and more challenging techniques are constantly being applied to minimize signatures and thus hinder or delay detection and identification. The Visby Class Corvette is a multipurpose combat ship with 600 tons displacement. The hull is a sandwich construction of a PVC core with carbon fiber/vinyl laminate. The propulsion system consists of two identical CODOG machinery systems, each driving a KaMeWa 125 size Water Jet Unit. The Ship has special requirements for all signatures, i.e. Radar-, Hydro acoustics-, IR- and Magnetic Signature. The High Speed Machinery is twin Honeywell TF50A Gas Turbines, cantilever mounted side by side on the Main Reduction Gearbox housing. The Main Reduction Gearbox is a dual input high performance marine Gearbox designated MA - 107 SBS, designed and manufactured by Cincinnati Gear Co. The Low Speed Machinery is a MTU 16 V 2000 TE90 Diesel Engine connected to the MRG by a power take in shaft. Combustion Air for the Gas Turbines is ducted from the shipside Air Inlet Screen (radar screen) via 3-stage separating filters. The Exhausts from the twin Gas Turbines are combined into one Exhaust Pipe and ducted to the ship transom above the Water Jet stream. Very little can be changed in the Gas Turbine, but high quality such as well balanced rotating part contributes to reduce the signatures. However, the main work has to be accomplished by the building shipyard in cooperation with the Gas Turbine manufacturer. The Main Reduction Gearbox is more available for changes to reduce signatures, but even for the Gearbox the building shipyard has to take design and installation measures. The HSM installation consist mainly of the Gas Turbine Engine, the Main Reduction Gear, Water Jets Unit and surrounding equipment such as main shaft, bearings and so on. The emphasis in this paper is on the GT, MRG and their effect on some of the more well known signatures i.e. RCS, IR, Hydro acoustics and Magnetic. Also some design measures are discussed.

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Kirk, R. G. "Evaluation of AMB Turbomachinery Auxiliary Bearings." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4059.

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Abstract The use of active magnetic bearings (AMB) for turbomachinery has experienced substantial growth during the past two decades. The advantages for many applications make AMB’s a very attractive solution for potentially low loss and efficient support for both radial and thrust loads. New machinery must be shop tested prior to shipment to the field for installation on-line. For AMB turbomachinery, one additional test is the operation of the auxiliary drop or overload bearings. A major concern is ability of the selected auxiliary bearing to withstand the contact forces following an at speed rotor drop. The proper design of AMB machinery requires the calculation of the anticipated loading for the auxiliary bearings. Analytical techniques to predict the rotor transient response are reviewed. Results of transient response evaluation of a full-size compressor rotor are presented to illustrate some of the important parameters in the design for rotor drop.

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Kirk, R. G., E. J. Gunter, and W. J. Chen. "Rotor Drop Transient Analysis of AMB Machinery." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84272.

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A major limitation of AMB supported machinery is their dependence on auxiliary or backup bearings in the event that the magnetic bearings lose power due to control system failure. These backup bearings should be designed to withstand the severe loads encountered after the AMB failure when the rotor drops onto them. This has prompted the development of general purpose finite element based, non-linear transient analysis programs capable of evaluating shock loading, blade loss and rotor drop phenomena experienced in rotors supported by AMBs. Previous testing and results have been made for a single AMB drop or both AMBs of a two bearing rotor. The current interest also includes the multiple AMB supported machinery systems, i.e., systems with more than two AMB or auxiliary bearings. This paper reviews the method of rotor drop analysis for AMB bearing systems. A commercially available program, DyRoBeS, is then applied to four different rotor designs to evaluate their rotor drop transient response. The total power loss rotor drop results of four different rotor systems will be discussed for assumed backup bearing conditions.

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Jiang, Xiaoxia, Shaofen Lin, and Yeni Li. "Design of Vehicle Test System for Construction Machinery." In 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2009.613.

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Wang Guoqing and Chen Jingxin. "Optimization design of construction machinery based on ansys." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering (ICEICE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceice.2011.5777015.

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Pengfei, Li, Zhao Jingyi, and Yu Nana. "Security Design on Construction Machinery Running Attention System." In Its Applications and Embedded Sys (CDEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdee.2010.53.

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Yao, Jun, Wenjin Li, and Luwu Liu. "Research and analysis on the shape of construction machinery." In Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730719.

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10

San Andre´s, Luis, and Keun Ryu. "On the Nonlinear Dynamics of Rotor-Foil Bearing Systems: Effects of Shaft Acceleration, Mass Imbalance and Bearing Mechanical Energy Dissipation." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45763.

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Gas foil bearing (GFB) technology has reached great maturity as per engineered design and construction and its system integration into rotating machinery. Empirical research has gone beyond showing a few instances of acceptable mechanical performance, to demonstrate GFB multiple-cycle repeatable performance in spite of persistent large amplitude sub synchronous whirl motions. A GFB is a forgiving mechanical element whose engineered resilient underspring structure contains and ameliorates large rotor excursions. Analyses, however, fail to distinguish the hardening stiffness from the FB underspring structure, which under conditions of large force excitations due to imbalance, produces a complex rotordynamic behavior, rich in sub harmonic motions when operating at super critical speeds. This paper extends an earlier analysis of a rigid rotor-GFB system that dispenses with the gas film component to predict the effect of shaft rotation acceleration/deceleration on rotor amplitudes of motion and whirl frequency content. For operation above the system critical speed and as the rotor accelerates, large amplitude whirl motions appear with a main subsynchronous frequency tracking rotor speed, first at 50% speed and later bifurcating into at 33% whirl frequency. Rotor imbalance awakens and exacerbates the system nonlinear response. Slow rotor accelerations result in responses with more abundant subsynchronous whirl patterns, increased amplitudes of whirl, and accompanied by a pronounced mechanical hysteresis when the rotor decelerates. Large rotor imbalances produce both jump phenomenon and a stronger hysteresis during slow acceleration and deceleration cases. Material damping (dry friction) in the FB aids to reduce and delay the nonlinear response, eventually eliminating the multiple frequency behavior. The results bring to attention rotordynamic issues during start up and shut down events that can result from an inadequate FB technology or an unacceptable rotor imbalance grade condition.

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