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Journal articles on the topic 'Beat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Mungali, Kalpna, and Hema Joshi. "Phytosociological Analysis of Forest Vegetation of Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Forestry 36, no. 4 (2013): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2013-u18db3.

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Present study was carried out in Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand during the period 2006-2007 Phytosociologcal study of the vegetation was conducted on the basis of floristic and structural variations. The diversity of trees, shrubs and herbs varied with Beats and Compartments. For example in South Binsar Block maximum tree diversity was recorded in Binsar Beat and minimum in Patanainail Beat. In North Binsar maximum diversity was recorded in Dhaulchina Beat and minimum in Satri Beat. In Rithagar Block the diversity was Zero. The maximum value of concentration of dominance for tree layer

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Repp, Bruno H., John R. Iversen, and Aniruddh D. Patel. "Tracking an Imposed Beat within a Metrical Grid." Music Perception 26, no. 1 (2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2008.26.1.1.

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RHYTHMIC STRUCTURE OFTEN FAVORS a particular beat that is marked by frequent tone onsets and grouping accents. Using rhythms similar to those of Povel and Essens (1985), we asked musically trained participants to tap on physically or mentally imposed beats that either coincided with the favored beat or were phase-shifted relative to it. Surprisingly, tapping was equally stable. Actually, variability tended to be lowest when the imposed beat was in anti-phase with the favored beat; however, this tendency was reversed when participants were instructed to tap in anti-phase with the beat. These re

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3

Bunting, Karina V., Simrat K. Gill, Alice Sitch, et al. "Improving the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation." Heart 107, no. 11 (2021): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318557.

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ObjectiveTo improve the echocardiographic assessment of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing conventional averaging of consecutive beats with an index-beat approach, whereby measurements are taken after two cycles with similar R-R interval.MethodsTransthoracic echocardiography was performed using a standardised and blinded protocol in patients enrolled in the RATE-AF (RAte control Therapy Evaluation in permanent Atrial Fibrillation) randomised trial. We compared reproducibility of the index-beat and conventional consecutive-beat methods to calculate left ventric

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Yang, Lulu, Junjiang Zhu, Tianhong Yan, Zhaoyang Wang, and Shangshi Wu. "A Modified Convolutional Neural Network for ECG Beat Classification." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 3 (2020): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.2913.

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Most convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used to classify electrocardiogram (ECG) beats tend to focus only on the beat, ignoring its relationships with its surrounding beats. This study aimed to propose a hybrid convolutional neural network (HCNN) structure, which classified ECG beats based on the beat's morphology and relationship such as RR intervals. The difference between the HCNN and the traditional CNN lies in the fact that the relationship can be added to any layer in the former. The HCNN was fed with RR intervals at 3 different positions, trained using data from 2170 patients. It was

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Cheung, Albert T., Joseph S. Savino, and Stuart J. Weiss. "Beat-to-beat Augmentation of Left Ventricular Function by Intraaortic Counterpulsation." Anesthesiology 84, no. 3 (1996): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199603000-00009.

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Background Measuring the effects of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in single cardiac beats may permit an improved understanding of the physiologic mechanisms by which IABP improves the circulation. The objective of the study was to use trans- esophageal echocardiography in combination with hemodynamic measurements to test the hypothesis that IABP improves global left ventricular systolic function selectively in the IABP-augmented cardiac beats by acutely decreasing left ventricular afterload. Methods Twenty-seven studies in which the IABP-to-R wave trigger ratio was serially chang

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Swenberg, Thorbjörn, and Simon Carlgren. "On-Beat/Off-Beat." Projections 15, no. 1 (2021): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/proj.2021.150103.

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Audio-visual rhythm can be achieved in a variety of ways, in film as well as in music videos. Here, we have studied human visual responses to video editing with regard to musical beats, in order to better understand the role of visual rhythm in an audio-visual flow. While some suggest that music videos should maintain synchrony in the audio-visual rhythm, and others claim that music videos should be rhythmically loose in their structure, there is a functional aspect of vision and hearing that reacts to the juxtaposition of audio and visual rhythms. We present empirical evidence of cognitive ef

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HUANG, YEN-CHIEH. "LASER BEAT-WAVE BUNCHED BEAM FOR COMPACT SUPERRADIANCE SOURCES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 03n04 (2007): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042069.

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A periodically bunched electron beam is useful for generating high-brightness electron superradiance. This paper studies the generation and acceleration of density-modulated electron beams from a photocathode electron gun driven by a laser beat wave. Computer simulation shows the feasibility of accelerating and preserving the density-modulated electron beam in an accelerator. This paper also details the implementation of a beat-wave laser system with a variable beat frequency for driving a photocathode electron gun.

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Suzuki, Shunsuke, Junichi Araki, Terumasa Morita, et al. "Ventricular contractility in atrial fibrillation is predictable by mechanical restitution and potentiation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 275, no. 5 (1998): H1513—H1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.5.h1513.

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We recently found that contractility ( E max) of an individual irregularly arrhythmic beat in electrically induced atrial fibrillation (AF) is reasonably predictable from the ratio of the preceding beat interval (RR1) to the beat interval immediately preceding RR1 (RR2) in the canine left ventricle. Moreover, the monotonically increasing relation between E max and the RR1-to-RR2 ratio (RR1/RR2) passed through or by the mean arrhythmic beat E max as well as the regular beat E max at RR1/RR2 = 1. We hypothesized that this E max-RR1/RR2 relation during irregular arrhythmia could be attributed to

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9

Derner, Marlene, Leila Chaieb, Gert Dehnen, et al. "Auditory Beat Stimulation Modulates Memory-Related Single-Neuron Activity in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030364.

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Auditory beats are amplitude-modulated signals (monaural beats) or signals that subjectively cause the perception of an amplitude modulation (binaural beats). We investigated the effects of monaural and binaural 5 Hz beat stimulation on neural activity and memory performance in neurosurgical patients performing an associative recognition task. Previously, we had reported that these beat stimulation conditions modulated memory performance in opposite directions. Here, we analyzed data from a patient subgroup, in which microwires were implanted in the amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and

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Suh, Youngbo, and Thomas K. Ferris. "Examining Change Sensitivity to Vibrotactile Beats in a Hand-Held Touchscreen Device." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601756.

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While recent research has employed vibrotactile feedback as a means of communication, one novel form of vibrotactile feedback involves the generation of “beats”. They are amplitude-modulated vibratory signals that can be created by sending multiple sinusoidal signals at dissonant frequencies (Lim, Kyung, & Kwon, 2012; Yang et al., 2014). The resulting perception of a rising-and-falling amplitude signal (a single “beat”), can be characterized per unit time as beat frequency, which is a function of the difference between the two input signal frequencies. Although vibrotactile beat cues have

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Omer, Osama A., Mostafa Salah, Ammar M. Hassan, Mohamed Abdel-Nasser, Norihiro Sugita, and Yoshifumi Saijo. "Blood Pressure Estimation from Photoplythmography Using Hybrid Scattering–LSTM Networks." BioMedInformatics 4, no. 1 (2024): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedinformatics4010010.

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One of the most significant indicators of heart and cardiovascular health is blood pressure (BP). Blood pressure (BP) has gained great attention in the last decade. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of serious health problems, including heart attack and stroke. Recently, machine/deep learning has been leveraged for learning a BP from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Hence, continuous BP monitoring can be introduced, based on simple wearable contact sensors or even remotely sensed from a proper camera away from the clinical setup. However, the available training dataset imp

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Møller, Cecilie, Jan Stupacher, Alexandre Celma-Miralles, and Peter Vuust. "Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0252174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252174.

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In everyday life, we group and subdivide time to understand the sensory environment surrounding us. Organizing time in units, such as diurnal rhythms, phrases, and beat patterns, is fundamental to behavior, speech, and music. When listening to music, our perceptual system extracts and nests rhythmic regularities to create a hierarchical metrical structure that enables us to predict the timing of the next events. Foot tapping and head bobbing to musical rhythms are observable evidence of this process. In the special case of polyrhythms, at least two metrical structures compete to become the ref

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Saito, Yuka, Tomoki Maezawa, and Jun I. Kawahara. "Beat Patterns Determine Inter-Hand Differences in Synchronization Error in a Bimanual Coordination Tapping Task." i-Perception 12, no. 5 (2021): 204166952110538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211053882.

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A previous study reported the unique finding that people tapping a beat pattern with the right hand produce larger negative synchronization error than when tapping with the left hand or other effectors, in contrast to previous studies that have shown that the hands tap patterns simultaneously without any synchronization errors. We examined whether the inter-hand difference in synchronization error occurred due to handedness or to a specificity of the beat pattern employed in that study. Two experiments manipulated the hand–beat assignments. A comparison between the identical beat to the pacing

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Dawes, G. S. "Beat-to-beat variation." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 173, no. 1 (1995): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(95)90231-7.

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Dilaveris, Polychronis, Georgios Giannopoulos, Maria Riga, Andreas Synetos, and Christodoulos Stefanadis. "Beat by Beat Variations." American Journal of Medicine 120, no. 1 (2007): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.10.009.

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Williams, Ruth, and Andrea Shaw. "Beat (Beat Eating Disorders)." Nursing Management 22, no. 6 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nm.22.6.17.s21.

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Kerr, Alex. "Feeling a Beat." Journal of Philosophy 121, no. 10 (2024): 537–67. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil20241211038.

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When you hear music, you experience a repeating pulse that you naturally tap along to—you feel a beat. But you can feel a beat differently under sounds you hear as otherwise alike. Heard each way, things sound different. But, heard each way, nothing seems to change. So why do things sound different? I argue that, surprisingly, the usual theories of perception have no good answer. I then develop a view on which different ways of feeling a beat are different ways of perceiving the same mind-independent features of things. On this view, feeling a beat is hearing sounds as organized within periods

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Nasim, Amnah, Agnese Sbrollini, Micaela Morettini, and Laura Burattini. "Extended Segmented Beat Modulation Method for Cardiac Beat Classification and Electrocardiogram Denoising." Electronics 9, no. 7 (2020): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071178.

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Beat classification and denoising are two challenging and fundamental operations when processing digital electrocardiograms (ECG). This paper proposes the extended segmented beat modulation method (ESBMM) as a tool for automatic beat classification and ECG denoising. ESBMM includes four main steps: (1) beat identification and segmentation into PQRS and TU segments; (2) wavelet-based time-frequency feature extraction; (3) convolutional neural network-based classification to discriminate among normal (N), supraventricular (S), and ventricular (V) beats; and (4) a template-based denoising procedu

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Campbell, K. B., H. Taheri, R. D. Kirkpatrick, and B. K. Slinker. "Single perturbed beat vs. steady-state beats for assessing systolic function in the isolated heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 6 (1992): H1631—H1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.6.h1631.

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Single-beat and steady-state techniques for evaluating end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) and Frank-Starling mechanism (FSM) in the crystalloid-perfused isolated rabbit heart were compared. In the single-beat technique, a train of stable isovolumic beats was interrupted with a single perturbed beat that either ejected against various levels of imposed isobaric load (ESPVR protocol) or beat isovolumically against various levels of end-diastolic volume (V(ED); FSM protocol). In steady-state technique, sustained beating was established, isobarically, at each of various loads (ESPVR

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Suzuki, Shunsuke, Junichi Araki, Yumiko Doi, et al. "Coupling interval from slow to tachycardiac pacing decides sustained alternans pattern." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 3 (2001): H1368—H1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.3.h1368.

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We discovered that the coupling beat interval from a slow to a tachycardiac pacing period considerably affected the pattern of the beat-to-beat alternation of the tachycardia-induced sustained contractile alternans. We analyzed the relationship between the coupling interval and the pattern and amplitude of the alternans in the isovolumic left ventricle of canine blood-perfused hearts. The alternans pattern and amplitude varied transiently over the first 30–50 beats and became gradually stable over the first minute in all 12 hearts. We discovered that stable alternans, even under the same tachy

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Ferreira, Leonardo F., Allison J. Harper, and Thomas J. Barstow. "Frequency-domain characteristics and filtering of blood flow following the onset of exercise: implications for kinetics analysis." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 3 (2006): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01036.2005.

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We examined the validity and usefulness of a low-pass filter (LPFILTER) to reduce point-to-point variability and enhance parameter estimation of the kinetics of blood flow (BF). Computer simulations were used to determine the power spectrum of simulated responses. Moreover, we studied the leg BF response to a single transition in four subjects during supine knee-extension exercise using three methods of data processing [beat-by-beat, average of 3 cardiac cycles (AVG3 BEATS), and LPFILTER]. The power spectrum of BF containing the kinetics information (≤0.2 Hz) did not overlap with the oscillati

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Xie, You-Liang, and Che-Wei Lin. "Imbalanced Ectopic Beat Classification Using a Low-Memory-Usage CNN LMUEBCNet and Correlation-Based ECG Signal Oversampling." Mathematics 11, no. 8 (2023): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11081833.

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Objective: This study presents a low-memory-usage ectopic beat classification convolutional neural network (CNN) (LMUEBCNet) and a correlation-based oversampling (Corr-OS) method for ectopic beat data augmentation. Methods: A LMUEBCNet classifier consists of four VGG-based convolution layers and two fully connected layers with the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) spectrogram of a QRS complex (0.712 s) segment as the input of the LMUEBCNet. A Corr-OS method augmented a synthetic beat using the top K correlation heartbeat of all mixed subjects for balancing the training set. This study validat

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Gouyon, Fabien, Gerhard Widmer, Xavier Serra, and Arthur Flexer. "Acoustic Cues to Beat Induction: A Machine Learning Perspective." Music Perception 24, no. 2 (2006): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2006.24.2.177.

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This article brings forward the question of which acoustic features are the most adequate for identifying beats computationally in acoustic music pieces. We consider many different features computed on consecutive short portions of acoustic signal, among which those currently promoted in the literature on beat induction from acoustic signals and several original features, unmentioned in this literature. Evaluation of feature sets regarding their ability to provide reliable cues to the localization of beats is based on a machine learning methodology with a large corpus of beat-annotated music p

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Chen, Xiaoxiao, Javier A. Sala-Mercado, Robert L. Hammond, et al. "Dynamic control of maximal ventricular elastance via the baroreflex and force-frequency relation in awake dogs before and after pacing-induced heart failure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 1 (2010): H62—H69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00922.2009.

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We investigated to what extent maximal ventricular elastance ( Emax) is dynamically controlled by the arterial baroreflex and force-frequency relation in conscious dogs and to what extent these mechanisms are attenuated after the induction of heart failure (HF). We mathematically analyzed spontaneous beat-to-beat hemodynamic variability. First, we estimated Emax for each beat during a baseline period using the ventricular unstressed volume determined with the traditional multiple beat method during vena cava occlusion. We then jointly identified the transfer functions (system gain value and ti

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Wang, Ziyin, Tom Beneke, Eva Gluenz, and Richard John Wheeler. "The single flagellum of Leishmania has a fixed polarisation of its asymmetric beat." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 20 (2020): jcs246637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.246637.

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ABSTRACTEukaryotic flagella undertake different beat types as necessary for different functions; for example, the Leishmania parasite flagellum undergoes a symmetric tip-to-base beat for forward swimming and an asymmetric base-to-tip beat to rotate the cell. In multi-ciliated tissues or organisms, the asymmetric beats are coordinated, leading to movement of the cell, organism or surrounding fluid. This coordination involves a polarisation of power stroke direction. Here, we asked whether the asymmetric beat of the single Leishmania flagellum also has a fixed polarisation. We developed high fra

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Handegard, Nils Olav, Geir Pedersen, and Ole Brix. "Estimating tail-beat frequency using split-beam echosounders." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 6 (2009): 1252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp003.

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Abstract Handegard, N. O., Pedersen, G., and Brix, O. 2009. Estimating tail-beat frequency using split-beam echosounders. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1252–1258. Data from a standard split-beam echosounder are used to estimate tail-beat frequency within a dense herring (Clupea harengus L.) layer. The data were collected by lowering a horizontally projecting 38 kHz split-beam transducer into a herring layer at 245-m depth. Individual targets were concatenated into tracks, and a fast Fourier transform was used to estimate the periodogram of the backscattering strengths along each track.

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Phua, Jason. "Heart(beat) to Heart(beat)." JAMA Cardiology 5, no. 3 (2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.5302.

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Lee, Chan-Hee, Amaan Shafi, and Melvin M. Scheinman. "Beat-to-beat QRS alternans." Heart Rhythm 20, no. 11 (2023): 1586–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.03.1524.

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Tschakovsky, M. E., J. K. Shoemaker, and R. L. Hughson. "Beat-by-beat forearm blood flow with Doppler ultrasound and strain-gauge plethysmography." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 3 (1995): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.3.713.

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Simultaneous Doppler ultrasound estimates of brachial artery mean blood velocity (MBV) and venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography measures of forearm blood flow (FBF) were performed to determine the beat-by-beat relationship between the two methods and provide a method for flow calibration of Doppler MBV estimates. Such a calibration of Doppler MBV eliminates the need for knowledge of vessel cross-sectional area and angle of insonation while allowing for the quantification of limb blood flow. Six healthy subjects (5 men and 1 woman) performed 40 s of isometric forearm contraction at 35%

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Reid, John D., John R. Rohde, and Dean L. Sicking. "Box-Beam Burster Energy-Absorbing Single-Sided Crash Cushion." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1797, no. 1 (2002): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1797-09.

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A new box-beam burster energy-absorbing single-sided crash cushion (BEAT-SSCC) was designed and crash tested. This energy-absorbing crash cushion is designed to shield a rigid hazard, such as the end of a concrete safety-shaped barrier. Energy-absorbing capabilities of the BEAT-SSCC are based on the bursting tube technology, similar to that used with the box-beam burster energy-absorbing terminal. Five full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted to evaluate the impact performance of the BEAT-SSCC in accordance with guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350: ( a) Test Designation 3-31—pickup t

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Yan, Yiton T., C. J. McKinstrie, T. Katsouleas, and J. M. Dawson. "Counterstreaming electron-beam beat-wave accelerator." Physical Review A 36, no. 11 (1987): 5455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.36.5455.

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Tabata, Tomotsugu, Richard A. Grimm, Junko Asada, et al. "Determinants of LV diastolic function during atrial fibrillation: beat-to-beat analysis in acute dog experiments." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 1 (2004): H145—H152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00588.2003.

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Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood due to the complex interaction of factors and beat-to-beat variability. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the physiological determinants of beat-to-beat changes in LV diastolic function during AF. The RR intervals preceding a given cardiac beat were measured from the right ventricular electrogram in 12 healthy open-chest mongrel dogs during AF. Doppler echocardiography and LV pressure and volume beat-to-beat analyses were performed. The LV filling time (FT) and early diastolic mit

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SCHULTZ, BENJAMIN G., IRENA O’BRIEN, NATALIE PHILLIPS, DAVID H. McFARLAND, DEBRA TITONE, and CAROLINE PALMER. "Speech rates converge in scripted turn-taking conversations." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 5 (2015): 1201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000545.

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ABSTRACTWhen speakers engage in conversation, acoustic features of their utterances sometimes converge. We examined how the speech rate of participants changed when a confederate spoke at fast or slow rates during readings of scripted dialogues. A beat-tracking algorithm extracted the periodic relations between stressed syllables (beats) from acoustic recordings. The mean interbeat interval (IBI) between successive stressed syllables was compared across speech rates. Participants’ IBIs were smaller in the fast condition than in the slow condition; the difference between participants’ and the c

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Akram, Jaddoa Khalaf, and Jasim Mohammed Samir. "Verification and comparison of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database based on number of beats." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 4950–61. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4950-4961.

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, The ECG signal processing methods are tested and evaluated based on many databases. The most ECG database used for many researchers is the MITBIH arrhythmia database. The QRS-detection algorithms are essential for ECG analyses to detect the beats for the ECG signal. There is no standard number of beats for this database that are used from numerous researches. Different beat numbers are calculated for the researchers depending on the di fference in understanding the annotation file. In this paper, the beat numbers for existing methods are studied and compared to find the correct beat number t

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Berger, David S., Katherine Vlasica, Christopher M. Quick, Kimberly A. Robinson, and Sanjeev G. Shroff. "Ejection has both positive and negative effects on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 6 (1997): H2696—H2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.6.h2696.

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In isovolumically beating hearts, the speed of left ventricular (LV) relaxation is uniquely determined by peak active stress (ςmax). In contrast, such a succinct description of relaxation is lacking for the ejection beats, although ejection is generally thought to hasten relaxation. We set out to determine how ejection modifies the relaxation-ςmax relationship obtained in the isovolumically beating hearts. Experiments were performed on five isolated rabbit hearts subjected to various loading conditions. Instantaneous LV pressure and volume were recorded and converted to active stress, from whi

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Ahmed, Solaiman, Tanveer Ahmed Bhuiyan, and Manabu Nii. "PPG Signal Morphology-Based Method for Distinguishing Stress and Non-Stress Conditions." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 1 (2022): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0058.

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In this study, the morphology of the PPG signal has been analyzed to be a potential cardiovascular marker for physiological stress. The morphology of the PPG signal was quantified as signal quality index by comparing the template beat (extracted from resting conditions) to the PPG beats recorded during vigorous physical activity. Data was taken from eight subjects where they performed some physical activities ranging from low to high intensity. It was found that, the mean and standard deviation of correlation coefficient between non-stress condition template beat and annotated PPG beat, 89.43±

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Ruth-Hirrel, Laura, and Sherman Wilcox. "Speech-gesture constructions in cognitive grammar: The case of beats and points." Cognitive Linguistics 29, no. 3 (2018): 453–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2017-0116.

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AbstractThe current study uses principles from Cognitive Grammar to better account for the symbolic integration of gesture and speech. Drawing on data collected from language use, we examine the use of two attention-directing strategies that are expressed through gesture, beats and pointing. It has been claimed that beats convey no semantic information. We propose that beat gestures are symbolic structures. It has also been noted that beats are often overlaid on other gestures. To date, however, no detailed explanation has been offered to account for the conceptual and phonological integration

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Journal, IJSREM. "Beat Detection and Classification for Music Production Using RNN-LSTM Algorithm." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 02 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28538.

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The process of creating music involves various techniques, including beat detection and classification. This research paper proposes a novel approach to detecting and classifying beats in music production using a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) algorithm. The proposed method uses a set of features that are extracted from the audio signal, including spectral flux, zero- crossing rate, and energy, to train the RNN-LSTM model. The model is trained using a large dataset of music tracks and is capable of predicting the beats and their respective classifications accur

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Freeman, G. L., L. E. Widman, J. M. Campbell, and J. T. Colston. "An evaluation of pulsus alternans in closed-chest dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 1 (1992): H278—H284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.1.h278.

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Pulsus alternans is a condition in which the arterial pressure generated by the heart oscillates between two levels on a beat-to-beat basis. We evaluated the onset of pulsus alternans in chronically instrumented dogs subjected to tachycardia and inferior vena caval occlusion. During pulsus alternans, the left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) was larger before the strong beats (28.7 +/- 5.3 vs. 25.9 +/- 4.5 ml, P less than 0.001 by paired t test), suggesting that the Frank-Starling mechanism participates in the alternating difference in end-systolic pressure. In addition, however, th

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Feeny, Albert, and Larisa G. Tereshchenko. "Beat-to-beat determinants of the beat-to-beat temporal and spatial variability of repolarization." Journal of Electrocardiology 49, no. 3 (2016): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.01.007.

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Fujimoto, Naoki, Shigeki Shibata, Jeffery L. Hastings, et al. "Effects of pericardial constraint and ventricular interaction on left ventricular hemodynamics in the unloaded heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 300, no. 5 (2011): H1688—H1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01198.2010.

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Pericardial constraint and ventricular interaction influence left ventricular (LV) performance when preload is high. However, it is unclear if these constraining forces modulate LV filling when the heart is unloaded, such as during upright posture, in humans. Fifty healthy individuals underwent right heart catheterization to measure pulmonary capillary wedge (PCWP) and right atrial pressure (RAP). To evaluate the effects of pericardial constraint on hemodynamics, transmural filling pressure (LVTMP) was defined as PCWP-RAP. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) waveforms were recorded, and stroke vo

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Hokkanen, Jyrki E. I., and M. Edwin DeMont. "Complex dynamics in the heart of the lobster Homarus americanus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 5 (1997): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-096.

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Nonlinear dynamics have been shown to be important in describing a large number of complex physiological systems. This work examined the dynamics of the relatively simple neurogenic heart of the lobster Homarus americanus. A non-invasive device was used to collect continuous data of spontaneous heart beats, and time series of consecutive beat-to-beat intervals were generated from these data. This study was concerned with dynamic changes in beat-to-beat intervals that were induced by external effects including changes in both the level of activity and body temperature. Two types of temperature

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Das, Manab Kumar, and Samit Ari. "ECG Beats Classification Using Mixture of Features." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (September 17, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/178436.

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Classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals plays an important role in clinical diagnosis of heart disease. This paper proposes the design of an efficient system for classification of the normal beat (N), ventricular ectopic beat (V), supraventricular ectopic beat (S), fusion beat (F), and unknown beat (Q) using a mixture of features. In this paper, two different feature extraction methods are proposed for classification of ECG beats: (i) S-transform based features along with temporal features and (ii) mixture of ST and WT based features along with temporal features. The extracted featur

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Orci, Kirill Márk, Tibor Kovács, and Dávid Murányi. "A description of the male drumming call of Besdolus ventralis (Pictet, 1841) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)." Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 68, no. 2 (2022): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.68.2.183.2022.

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This paper gives the first description of the male drumming call of Besdolus ventralis. Based on the examination of a single male specimen of this rare stonefly species its male call is composed of 3 beat groups, each containing 3-6 beats repeated at decreasing interbeat intervals. Beat groups are separated by 184-212 ms intergroup intervals. Call duration varied between 496-549 ms at ambient air temperature 18.7-20.4 degrees of Celsius. These results show that the male call of B. ventralis is clearly different from the diphasic call of B. ravizzarum, and is rather similar to that of B. bicolo

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Camhi, J., G. Sumbre, and G. Wendler. "Wing-beat coupling between flying locust pairs: preferred phase and lift enhancement." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 4 (1995): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.4.1051.

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Pairs of locusts flying in tandem in a wind tunnel are known to couple their wing-beats intermittently. The rhythmically oscillating air flow from the front locust's wing-beat, detected by the rear individual, appears to convey the timing information for coupling. Three predictions of this arrangement were tested quantitatively in this study. (1) Given that the oscillating air flow has a wavelength of 7.5 cm, placing the rear locust 7.5 or 15 cm behind the front one should produce the same phase of coupling, whereas placing it at an intermediate distance of 11 cm should produce an opposite pha

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Bhusari, Bhuvanesh Nitin, Shivayogi M. Hugar, Neha Kohli, Sanika Karmarkar, Niraj Gokhale, and Nivedita Saxena. "Comparative evaluation of anxiety level during restorative treatment using no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats as audio distraction behavior guidance technique in children aged 6–12 years: A randomized clinical trial." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 41, no. 2 (2023): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_104_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: Binaural auditory beat is an auditory illusion perceived when two different pure-tone sine waves with less than a 30 Hz difference are presented to a listener dichotically. Monaural beat stimulation is achieved by the superposition of amplitude-modulated signals of nearby frequencies to both ears simultaneously. Aim: The study aims to evaluate and compare anxiety level during restorative treatment using no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats as audio distraction behavior guidance techniques in children aged 6–12 years. Settings and Design: Three-arm, paralle

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Khalaf, Akram Jaddoa, and Samir Jasim Mohammed. "Verification and comparison of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database based on number of beats." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4950-4961.

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<span lang="EN-US">The ECG signal processing methods are tested and evaluated based on many databases. The most ECG database used for many researchers is the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The QRS-detection algorithms are essential for ECG analyses to detect the beats for the ECG signal. There is no standard number of beats for this database that are used from numerous researches. Different beat numbers are calculated for the researchers depending on the difference in understanding the annotation file. In this paper, the beat numbers for existing methods are studied and compared to find th

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Slovut, David P., John C. Wenstrom, Richard B. Moeckel, Christopher T. Salerno, Soon J. Park, and John W. Osborn. "Beat-to-beat modulation of heart rate is coupled to coronary perfusion pressure in the isolated heart." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 2 (1999): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.2.694.

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A goal of clinicians caring for heart transplant recipients has been to use heart rate variability as a noninvasive means of diagnosing graft rejection. The determinants of beat-to-beat variability in the surgically denervated heart have yet to be elucidated. We used an isolated, blood buffer-perfused porcine heart preparation to quantitatively assess the relationship between coronary perfusion and sinus node automaticity. Hearts ( n = 9) were suspended in a Langendorff preparation, and heart rate (HR) fluctuations were quantified while perfusion pressure was modulated between 70/50, 80/60, 90

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Rohde, John R., Dean L. Sicking, and John D. Reid. "Box-Beam Burster Energy-Absorbing Terminal Bridge Pier Protection System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1851, no. 1 (2003): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1851-08.

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A new box-beam burster energy-absorbing terminal (BEAT) bridge pier (BEAT-BP) protection system was successfully crash tested according to the safety performance criteria presented in NCHRP Report 350. The system comprises two BEAT crash cushions and a frame that envelops the bridge piers. Because of the close proximity to the piers, the system has a footprint significantly smaller than those of the other available options. Three crash tests were considered necessary to evaluate the BEAT-BP protection system and were conducted successfully: a pickup truck critical impact point (CIP) transition

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Chen, T. Y., D. D. Grant, M. F. Lau, S. P. Ng, and V. R. Vasa. "BEAT." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 4, no. 2 (2006): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdet.2006040104.

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