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Journal articles on the topic 'Beauchamp and Childress'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Shea, Matthew. "Forty Years of the Four Principles: Enduring Themes from Beauchamp and Childress." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2020): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa020.

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Abstract This special issue commemorates the 40th anniversary of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress’s Principles of Biomedical Ethics with a collection of original essays addressing some of the major themes in the book. It opens with intellectual autobiographies by Beauchamp and Childress themselves. Subsequent articles explore the topics of common morality, specification and balancing of moral principles, virtue, moral status, autonomy, and lists of bioethical principles. The issue closes with a reply by Beauchamp and Childress to the other authors.
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2

Rolf, Sibylle. "Respekt vor Patientenautonomie und Achtung der Menschenwürde." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 52, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-2008-0306.

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Abstract The study investigates the »Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics« published by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress (1979, 52001) with a particular concern for the principle of respect for autonomy. The leading question is in which philosophical background autonomy is dealt with by Beauchamp/Childress and by the enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, while the more emipirical theoretical framework of Beauchamp/Childress and the rationalistic framework of Kant are being analyzed. After having considered the foundation of autonomy both in Beauchamp/Childress and Kant, the study turns to the relationship of autonomy and human dignity by exploring the implicit extension of autonomy, human dignity and being human, and asks which consequences have to be drawn from a theological point of view.
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3

Trotter, Griffin. "The Authority of the Common Morality." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2020): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa015.

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Abstract In the third and subsequent editions of Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Tom Beauchamp and James Childress articulate a series of ethical norms that they regard as “derived” from, and hence carrying, the “authority” of the common morality. Although Beauchamp and Childress do not claim that biomedical norms they derive from the common morality automatically become constituents of the common morality, or that every detail of their account carries the authority of the common morality, they regard these derived norms as provisionally binding in a way that does not apply to the norms of mere “particular” moralities. Whereas particular moralities “do not bind other persons or communities,” Beauchamp and Childress have designed the norms of Principles of Biomedical Ethics to be “extensions” of the common morality that universally binds other persons and communities. Beauchamp and Childress seem to hold that (1) the norms they articulate in Principles of Biomedical Ethics are derived in an objective way from the common morality, and also that by virtue of being so derived (2) they carry a moral authority that objectively exceeds the authority of norms constituting particular moralities. My thesis in this essay is that both of these claims are false.
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4

Rauprich, Oliver. "Common morality: comment on Beauchamp and Childress." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 29, no. 1 (January 2008): 43–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-008-9061-5.

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5

Garcia, Jorge L. A. "Virtues and Principles in Biomedical Ethics." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2020): 471–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa013.

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Abstract In the seventh and most recent edition of their classic book, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Tom Beauchamp and James Childress define a virtue as a character trait that is “socially valuable and reliably present” and a moral virtue as such a trait that is also both “dispositional” and “morally valuable” (2013, 31, 377). The virtues that they single out as “focal” within biomedical ethics are compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity, and conscientiousness (Beauchamp and Childress, 2013, 37–44). Not all is well in their treatment of virtue. Beauchamp and Childress seem to worry that an ethical theory in which virtues are fundamental will neglect duties, rights, and societal needs. Further, they insist that there is no reason to think that, within ethical theory, one family of ethical concepts is the most important, nor that one theoretical approach is correct, or even superior to others. I will try to show, that there are (and that we have) strong reasons to see language, concepts, and matters of virtue as fundamental within normative ethical theory, both generally and in such specialized subareas as medical ethics. These reasons reveal themselves when we analyze concepts at the core of the alternative approaches to theorizing ethics that Beauchamp and Childress identify.
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6

Schröder, Peter. "Ein vier-Prinzipien-Ansatz für die Bioethik." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 51, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-2007-0304.

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Abstract The four-principles-approach of Tom Beauchamp and Jim Childress has been very influential in bioethics in the last decades. It has proven well although mid-level principles in general and this approach in particular are highly contested by ethicists who would prefer approaches rather based on rules, virtues or personal relations. The author of this study systematically discusses the origin, method and criticism of the Beauchamp and Childress approach. Finally he argues that the applicability of this approach for ethical challenges in the biomedical setting should stimulate a principled approach for ethical challenges of public health as well. Such an approach can utilize the method from Beauchamp and Childress. Principles for public health ethics, as presented in a concise set by the author, however, must be different in scope and content to meet the ethical challenges of public health
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7

Bladt, Tara, Thomas Vorup-Jensen, Eva Sædder, and Mette Ebbesen. "Empirical Investigation of Ethical Challenges Related to the Use of Biological Therapies." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 3 (2020): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958883.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the ethical dilemma of prioritising financial resources to expensive biological therapies. For this purpose, the four principles of biomedical ethics formulated by ethicists Tom Beauchamp and James Childress were used as a theoretical framework. Based on arguments of justice, Beauchamp and Childress advocate for a health care system organised in line with the Danish system. Notably, our study was carried out in a Danish setting.
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8

Beckwith, Francis, and Allison Krile Thornton. "Moral Status and the Architects of Principlism." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2020): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa019.

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Abstract In this article, we discuss Beauchamp and Childress’s treatment of the issue of moral status. In particular, we (1) introduce the five different perspectives on moral status that Beauchamp and Childress consider in Principles of Biomedical Ethics and explain their alternative to those perspectives, (2) raise some critical questions about their approach, and (3) offer a different way to think about one of the five theories of moral status (the theory based on human properties) that is more in line with what we believe some of its leading advocates affirm.
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9

Veatch, Robert M. "Reconciling Lists of Principles in Bioethics." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 11, 2020): 540–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa017.

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Abstract In celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Beauchamp and Childress’s Principles of Biomedical Ethics, a review is undertaken to compare the lists of principles in various bioethical theories to determine the extent to which the various lists can be reconciled. Included are the single principle theories of utilitarianism, libertarianism, Hippocratism, and the theories of Pellegrino, Engelhardt, The Belmont Report, Beauchamp and Childress, Ross, Veatch, and Gert. We find theories all offering lists of principles (or the equivalent) numbering from one to ten. Many of the differences can be reconciled, but some critical differences remain.
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10

MÜLLER, SABINE, and HENRIK WALTER. "Reviewing Autonomy: Implications of the Neurosciences and the Free Will Debate for the Principle of Respect for the Patient's Autonomy." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 2 (March 12, 2010): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180109990478.

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Beauchamp and Childress have performed a great service by strengthening the principle of respect for the patient's autonomy against the paternalism that dominated medicine until at least the 1970s. Nevertheless, we think that the concept of autonomy should be elaborated further. We suggest such an elaboration built on recent developments within the neurosciences and the free will debate. The reason for this suggestion is at least twofold: First, Beauchamp and Childress neglect some important elements of autonomy. Second, neuroscience itself needs a conceptual apparatus to deal with the neural basis of autonomy for diagnostic purposes. This desideratum is actually increasing because modern therapy options can considerably influence the neural basis of autonomy itself.
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11

Weimann, Arved. "Ethische Fragen der künstlichen Ernährung." Therapeutische Umschau 71, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000500.

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Die Übersichtsarbeit diskutiert einige ethische Fragen der künstlichen Ernährung anhand der klassischen Prinzipien der Bioethik von Beauchamp und Childress „Respektierung der Autonomie, Nichtschädigung, Fürsorge und Gerechtigkeit“.
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12

Sande, Jonathan R. "Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Tom L. Beauchamp , James F. Childress." Journal of Religion 71, no. 1 (January 1991): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/488564.

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13

Façanha, Telma Rejane dos Santos, and Volnei Garrafa. "Segurança do paciente e códigos deontológicos em Beauchamp e Childress." Revista Bioética 27, no. 3 (September 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422019273323.

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Resumo A segurança do paciente é questão persistente de saúde pública e tem assumido nova conotação no contexto sanitário contemporâneo. Beauchamp e Childress, na obra pioneira “Principles of biomedical ethics”, abordam a atuação ética dos profissionais de saúde e a influência dos códigos deontológicos na segurança do paciente. Nesse sentido, este estudo procura demonstrar que esses códigos são insuficientes para atender a todos os dilemas éticos e morais relacionados à segurança do enfermo na atualidade. Assim, propõe-se que esse tema não seja somente discutido em conselhos de ética da área da saúde, mas também em comitês interdisciplinares de bioética clínica e assistencial, proporcionando exercício mais ampliado e concreto de reflexão bioética.
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14

Vieira Schmidt, Adriano, and Gláucia Rita Tittanegro. "A autonomia principialista comparada a autonomia do libertarismo." Revista Pistis Praxis 1, no. 1 (September 14, 2009): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/pp.v1i1.21532.

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Este trabalho faz uma análise do princípio da permissão de Engelhardt, edo princípio de respeito à autonomia de Beauchamp e Childress. Por meiode uma análise comparativa desses princípios, e com a intenção de descobrirqual dos dois melhor ajudaria a evitar problemas oriundos de atosmoralmente incorretos, discute-se qual deles seria o guia mais indicadopara análises de casos concretos no âmbito da Bioética. Inicialmente notasea dificuldade de se chegar a uma resposta muito clara acerca do assunto;entretanto, a análise finalmente nos mostra que a teoria de Beauchamp eChildress seria o guia mais indicado para se resolver os casos concretos.
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15

Guibet Lafaye, C. "Le sens de l’éthique en psychiatrie. Par delà Beauchamp et Childress." Éthique & Santé 13, no. 4 (December 2016): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2016.01.002.

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16

Azambuja, Letícia Erig Osório de, and Volnei Garrafa. "A teoria da moralidade comum na obra de Beauchamp e Childress." Revista Bioética 23, no. 3 (December 2015): 634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422015233100.

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Resumo A obra “Principles of biomedical ethics”, de Tom L. Beauchamp e James F. Childress, embasadora do principialismo, é o livro mais estudado no campo da bioética, tendo participado decisivamente do processo de consolidação e expansão mundial da disciplina. Seus quatro princípios, contudo, advêm de teorias diferentes: o princípio da autonomia foi retirado da teoria kantiana (Kant); a beneficência, da teoria utilitarista (Mill); a justiça, da teoria da justiça (Rawls); e a não maleficência, da teoria da moralidade comum (Clouser e Gert). A partir da década de 1990, diversas críticas surgiram quanto à homogeneidade epistemológica da proposta. Foram então introduzidas transformações na obra, que são objeto deste estudo, especialmente a teoria da moralidade comum, incorporada como fundamentação do principialismo, da 4ª edição em diante. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a inclusão da referida teoria ao principialismo, analisando criticamente seu conteúdo a partir das quatro últimas edições do livro.
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17

Enskär, Karin. "Ethical Aspects of Judging the Alternative Treatment of Children With Cancer." Nursing Ethics 2, no. 1 (March 1995): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200107.

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In recent decades the improved treatment of childhood cancer has increased the proportion of children being cured. However, the intensive treatment required also implies a heavy burden for the children and their families. The purpose of this article is to judge the ethical aspects of different treatment regimens used for children with cancer by means of a case study. The analysis is based on the ethical model by Beauchamp and Childress. The assessment is based on every person, or group of persons, involved and is on the principles of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice. The analysis shows that intensification of treatment of children with cancer is ethically justified from a deontological point of view. The consequences are more difficult to anticipate from a utilitarian perspective. Au cours de plusiurs décennies les traitements plus efficaces des cancers des enfants ont augmentés la proportion des enfants guéris. Pourtant, le traitement intensif pose aussi un lourd fardeau aux enfants et leurs familles. Le but de cet article est d'évaluer les implications éthiques des différents traitements utilisés pour enfants souffrants de cancer, à l'aide d'une étude particulière. L'analyse éthique est basée sur le modèle de Beauchamp et Childress. L'évaluation est basée sur chaque personne ou sur les groupes de personnes impliqués, et sur les principes d'autonomie, nonmaléficence, bénéficence et justice. L'analyse montre que l'intensification du traitement des enfants souffrant de cancer est justifié éthiquement du point de vue déontologique. Les conséquences de ces actions sont plus difficiles à prévoir vue d'une perspective utilitaire. Die verbesserte Behandlung von Kinderkrebs in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat die Proportion der geheilten Kinder ansteigen lassen. Die intensive Behandlung bedeutet aber auch eine schwere Belastung für die Kinder und ihre Familien. Der Zweck dieses Artikels ist es, die ethischen Aspekte der verschiedenen Behandlungsmethoden bei Kinderkrebs durch eine Fallstudie abzuwägen. Die ethische Analyse basiert auf dem ethischen Modell von Beauchamp und Childress. Die Beurteilung berücksichtigt jede betroffene Person oder Personengruppe und beruht auf den Prinzipien der Selbstbestimmung, Schädlichkeit bzw. Unschädlichkeit, Nutzen und Verträglichkeit und Gerechtigkeit. Diese Analyse zeigt, dass die Intensivierung der Behandlung von krebskranken Kindem von einem deontologischen Standpunkt aus ethisch vertretbar ist. Die Folgen der Behandlung sind jedoch vom Nützlichkeitsgesichtspunkt her schwieriger vorauszusehen.
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18

Motta, Oswaldo Jesus Rodrigues, and Arthur Santana Paulo. "Bioética E O Principialismo De Beauchamp E Childress: Noções, Reflexões E Críticas." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 3, no. 2 (2020): 2436–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n2-093.

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19

Biurrun Garrido, Ainoa, Carme Perelló Íñiguez, and Bárbara Vidal Tegedor. "El principialismo bioético en la humanización de la asistencia al parto." Revista Iberoamericana de Bioética, no. 8 (October 22, 2018): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/rib.i08.y2018.006.

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Los cuatro principios bioéticos descritos por Beauchamp y Childress son habitualmente utilizados para resolver problemas éticos en ciencias de la salud. En este artículo se propone su aplicación en el ámbito de la atención humanizada en la asistencia al parto. Concretamente, se plantea un análisis desde una perspectiva crítica y contextualizada del principialismo, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de la teoría original.
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20

Adams, John. "Prescribing: the ethical dimension." Nurse Prescriber 1, no. 7 (July 2004): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146711580400135x.

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SummaryPrescribers face a range of ethical dilemmas in their everyday practice. In this article, the principles-based approach to biomedical ethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress is outlined, with a particular focus on ‘respect for autonomy’. It is argued that the purpose of ethical reflection is to deepen and enrich more general reflection about clinical practice, rather than to provide definitive answers to dilemmas in prescribing.
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21

Ikkos, George. "Fairness, liberty and psychiatry." International Psychiatry 6, no. 2 (April 2009): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000045x.

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According to Beauchamp & Childress (2001) the fundamental principles of biomedical ethics include ‘justice'. But how do we approach ‘justice'? Justice may be thought of in relation to an individual or society. An individual may be just or unjust. Justice in society may be thought of as ‘retributive justice’ (fair punishment), ‘civil justice’ (fair recompense), ‘distributive justice’ (fair shares) or ‘social justice’ (a fair social contract for citizens of a society).
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22

Vieth, Andreas. "Tom L. Beauchamp, James F. Childress (2009) Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 6. Auflage." Ethik in der Medizin 22, no. 2 (April 22, 2010): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00481-010-0069-9.

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23

Boutlas, George. "The problem of priority of principles in bioethics. Can the Kantian classification in perfect and imperfect duties help us?" Ηθική. Περιοδικό φιλοσοφίας, no. 13 (January 28, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ethiki.25963.

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Principlism has dominated contemporary Anglophone practical ethics often regarded as the most important methodological conception. Young biomedical scientists grow up learning to apply the “four principles”, an approach originally introduced in the USA by Beauchamp & Childress but soon accepted also in the UK with the support of Professor Raanan Gillon. The central idea of the method involves, first identifying the relevant among the four moral principle(s), (beneficence, non maleficence, respect for autonomy and justice) that is (are) connected with a specific moral dilemma. Then, one follows procedures of balancing, specification and deductive application, as a bridge between the moral dilemma and the four principles. Some attention is paid while balancing, to consequentialist considerations, and to other ethically significant concepts as the virtues and the emotions, but only incidentally. What is central in Beauchamp & Childress’s principlism is the adoption of normative insights of common morality, holding the position of a theoretical justification for the methodological reasoning which will determine the solution of a specific moral problem.The main ambition of the four principles approach and its main virtue is the clarity of the method and consequently the ability to become comprehensive and easily applied. There are certain problems though in applying the method. Here, we are going to investigate the problem of relative priority of principles, i.e. which principle overrides the other when two or more of them are in conflict, seeking help by the Kantian division, in perfect and imperfect duties. But we must first answer the question: Is the four principles approach, a method of moral objectivism as Beauchamp & Childress claim, or is it a method of moral relativism, as it is often argued by some of their critics? Only if our answer to the objectivity question is positive, can the main issue of priority be addressed, because an attempt at a determinate ordering wouldn’t mean anything in a relativist frame.
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Uren, William J. "A principled Australian text." Australian Health Review 29, no. 3 (2005): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050369.

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In 1979, the American authors Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress published the first edition of Principles of biomedical ethics. They espoused the theory of what has come to be known as ?principlism? as a bridge between the deontological and ut i l i tarian approaches to bioethics. They identified four central values ? autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice ? as the fundamental moral principles in terms of which to address ethical dilemmas in biomedical theory and practice.
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25

Escobar, María Teresa. "Editorial (Bioética mas allá del principialismo)." Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética 12, no. 23 (July 11, 2012): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rlbi.955.

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<p>Con respecto a la Bioética basada en los principios de beneficencia, no-maleficencia, justicia y autonomía, propuestos por Beauchamp T., y Childress J., (1979) en su ya clásico texto: Principios de Ética Biomédica, en el contexto del pronunciamiento de la National Co­mission en el Informe Belmont, (1974-1|978) a menos de una década de acuñado el término por Potter, pue­de decirse que ha sido fundamental para su desarrollo y difusión estos cuarenta años.</p>
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Lee, M. J. H. "The problem of 'thick in status, thin in content' in Beauchamp and Childress' principlism." Journal of Medical Ethics 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2009.031054.

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27

Beltrán Ulate, Esteban. "Consideraciones bioéticas en torno al caso de Ramón Sampedro." Revista Colombiana de Bioética 7, no. 2 (November 18, 2015): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.18270/rcb.v7i2.814.

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El presente ensayo se circunscribe dentro de la bioética, pues desarrolla un análisis al caso del español Ramón Sampedro, reflexionando las tensiones que se generan a partir de su deseo de muerte asistida, como mecanismo para alcanzar la muerte digna. La novedad del presente estudio radica en la utilización del principio de la alteridad y el contextual, sin acudir a los principios de Tom L. Beauchamp y James F. Childress, con el<br />objetivo de establecer un parámetro de análisis alterno a casos similares.
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TAKALA, TUIJA, and MATTI HÄYRY. "Research Ethics and Justice: The Case of Finland." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28, no. 3 (July 2019): 551–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180119000471.

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Abstract:This paper explores how Finnish research ethics deals with matters of justice on the levels of practical regulation, political morality, and theoretical studies. The bioethical sets of principles introduced by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in the United States and Jacob Dahl Rendtorff and Peter Kemp in Europe provide the conceptual background, together with a recently introduced conceptual map of theories of justice and their dimensions. The most striking finding is that the internationally recognized requirement of informed consent for research on humans can be ideologically tricky in a Scandinavian welfare state setting.
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29

Weikle, Nicole. "The Use of Sonography in Pediatrics: The Bioethical Concerns in Clinical and Research Practice." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 37, no. 5 (July 30, 2021): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87564793211035045.

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Sonography has been widely used in both a clinical and non-clinical setting. This imaging modality is a common tool of choice for both physicians and researchers. Although sonography is a non-ionizing and non-invasive tool for imaging, special considerations need to be made when working with the pediatric population. Ethical guidelines for clinical pediatric care and research need to consider the varying ethical guidelines and bioethical concerns in children. As sonographers, researchers, educators and clinicians, pediatric care and research must balance the protection of children and the need for imaging to improve pediatric well-being. The discussion of this paper will delve into The Principles Approach developed by Beauchamp and Childress. Each principle will be explored and how those ethical principles could be considered in pediatric care.
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30

Denny, Dawn L., and Ginny W. Guido. "Undertreatment of pain in older adults." Nursing Ethics 19, no. 6 (July 6, 2012): 800–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733012447015.

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Inadequate pain control, especially in older adults, remains a significant issue when caring for this population. Older adults, many of whom experience multiple acute and chronic conditions, are especially vulnerable to having their pain seriously underassessed and inadequately treated. Nurses have an ethical obligation to appropriately treat patients’ pain. To fulfill their ethical obligation to relieve pain in older patients, nurses often need to advocate on their behalf. This article provides an overview of the persistent problem of undertreated pain in older adults and explores how nurses can meet this ethical duty through the application of Beauchamp and Childress’ three principles of beneficence.
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31

Ilario, Enidio, Flávio Cesar de Sá, and Francisco Hideo Aoki. "O modelo principialista e o diagrama de redução de danos – uma abordagem lógica para as políticas de saúde coletiva." Revista Brasileira de Bioética 14, edsup (April 12, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbb.v14iedsup.26284.

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Modelos são abstrações que implicam certo grau de simplificação frente à complexidade dos fenômenos que se quer explicar. No campo da ética biomédica, se destaca o modelo principialista padrão de Beauchamp e Childress, baseado em uma matriz formada por quatro princípios: beneficência (PB), não maleficência (PNM), autonomia (PA) e justiça (PJ). O modelo principialista é heurístico, possibilitando que diante de conflitos entre os princípios prevaleça aquele mais adequado à situação concreta. Neste trabalho, dá-se feição diagramática ao modelo principialista, partindo do pressuposto de que as relações lógicas são subjacentes a todo pensamento, e os diagramas mostram tais relações em estruturas espaciais integradas.
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32

Lafrenière, Darquise, Michael Kekewich, Nikolija Lukich, and Reece D. Bearnes. "A principle-based framework for improving health equity in the Champlain region of Ontario, Canada." Healthcare Management Forum 34, no. 5 (August 16, 2021): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08404704211036211.

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The purpose of this column is to present an action-oriented health equity framework derived from Beauchamp and Childress’ four ethical principles (ie, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) and centred around the specific needs of marginalized and excluded communities of the Champlain region of Ontario. It describes the conceptual underpinnings of the framework, defines its components, and demonstrates how it can be applied. The principle-based health equity framework is a useful tool to reduce health disparities within healthcare organizations; it is designed to promote the incorporation of health equity objectives, strategies, principles, and measurements into healthcare organizations’ strategic planning processes and operations.
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Cunha, Thiago, and Cláudio Lorenzo. "Bioética global na perspectiva da bioética crítica." Revista Bioética 22, no. 1 (April 2014): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-80422014000100013.

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Desde os anos 1990 a bioética tem se aproximado cada vez mais das discussões internacionais relacionadas à saúde e às ciências da vida, o que levou alguns autores a referir-se à "bioética global". O presente artigo analisa este conceito tal como elaborado nas perspectivas de três formulações teóricas da bioética norte-americana: a de Van Rensselaer Potter, a de Tristam Engelhardt e a de Beauchamp e Childress. Ao balancear as potencialidades e as insuficiências das abordagens destes autores, propõe a "bioética crítica" como alternativa teórica melhor capacitada para enfrentar os temas globais da bioética a partir da perspectiva histórica dos países do Sul global.
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Thomasma, David C. "Beyond Autonomy to the Person Coping With Illness." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 1 (1995): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100005600.

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Let us look at autonomy in a new way. Autonomy has a richly deserved place of honor in bioethlcs. It has led the set of principles that formed the basis of the discipline since the beginning. It is the leading principle In what is now regularly called “the Georgetown Mantra,” a phrase suggested by one of the first philosophers ever to be hired In a medical school, K. Danner Clouser. The phrase applies to the principled approach of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. This kind of bioethics was developed by scholars like Beauchamp and Childress, Veatch, and Engelhardt, during their association with Georgetown University.
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López Paláu, Silvia, and Beatriz Rivera-Cruz. "El razonamiento bioético y la orientación hacia responsabilidad social empresarial de los estudiantes de negocios." Fórum Empresarial 16, no. 1 Verano (June 30, 2011): 59–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33801/fe.v16i1.3740.

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Los conflictos éticos de la actualidad tienen una complejidad nunca antes vista que requieren la reflexión interdisciplinaria para su posible solución. El razonamiento bioético puede aportar al entendimiento y la solución de muchos conflictos éticos en el ámbito de los negocios. Este estudio examina si existe una relación entre la responsabilidad social empresarial y el razonamiento bioético utilizando como marco conceptual el modelo multidimensional de las empresas propuesto por Carroll (1979) y los principios bioéticos propuestos por Beauchamp y Childress (1979) y desarrolla instrumentos de medición confiables para ambos constructos. Los resultados obtenidos proveen información valiosa para diseñar nuevos enfoques en el adiestramiento ético de los individuos.
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Roqué-Sánchez, María Victoria, and Ignacio Macpherson. "Análisis de la ética de principios, 40 años después." Revista Bioética 26, no. 2 (June 2018): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422018262239.

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Resumen La Bioética de principios se ha convertido en un paradigma de la valoración moral en la práctica clínica. La estructuración en cuatro principios (autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia), elaborada por Beauchamp y Childress hace casi 40 años, trata de facilitar la toma de decisiones en un contexto universal. Aun así, este objetivo genera una serie de dudas que afectan profundamente a la praxis ética de la medicina y a la teoría moral. Por ello, se hace imprescindible un análisis crítico de los principios de la Bioética, su fundamentación teórica y su aplicabilidad, a la vista de los resultados en estos últimos decenios.
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Salomão, Marina Faria, Luiza Ribeiro Gontijo, Luisa Abdo Ramos Nunes, Felipe Pueyo Magalhães, José Helvécio Kalil de Souza, and Roberto Paolinelli de Castro. "Principialismo no exercício da medicina e em processos ético-profissionais." Revista Bioética 29, no. 1 (March 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422021291450.

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Resumo Este estudo objetiva mostrar a importância dos princípios bioéticos de Beauchamp e Childress e reafirmá-los na prática médica a fim de diminuir os números exorbitantes de processos ético-profissionais impetrados por iatrogenia. Além disso, busca-se elucidar as fases do processo de modo a informar a comunidade médica sobre seu andamento. Para tal, realiza-se atualização bibliográfica pautada no Código de Ética Médica, no Código de Processo Ético-Profissional e em guias práticos e dinâmicos aplicados aos princípios da bioética. Conclui-se que o exercício da medicina pautado na ética, além de ser justo e benéfico ao paciente, é também modo de resguardar o profissional de possíveis interpretações equivocadas sobre sua conduta.
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Nascimento, Isabela Moreira Antunes do. "BIOÉTICA E ORTOTANÁSIA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE MORTE E LONGEVIDADE:." Revista Vianna Sapiens 9, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31994/rvs.v9i2.435.

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Buscou-se evidenciar quais são os possíveis parâmetros para que o “viver mais” não seja uma sobrevivência martirizante, tendo como marco filosófico o Principialismo, de Beauchamp e Childress e como objetivos específicos a análise dos institutos da bioética e do biodireito, das formas de disposição da vida e do uso adequado dos métodos terapêuticos. Concluiu-se pela viabilidade da ortotanásia na medida em que esta busca a humanização das práticas clínicas, dada a centralidade da pessoa humana e da sua dignidade, harmonizando o Direito e a Medicina. Para desenvolvimento do tema proposto, quanto aos procedimentos técnicos metodológicos, utilizou-se de base bibliográfica explorando-se material já publicado, como livros, jurisprudências e artigos. Quanto à abordagem do problema, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa.
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Pedro, Ana. "O PROBLEMA DA EUTANÁSIA COMO UMA QUESTÃO FILOSÓFICA: REFLEXÕES ÉTICAS ACERCA DA EUTANÁSIA NO FIM DE VIDA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES EDUCATIVAS." Nuances: estudos sobre Educação 22, no. 23 (August 31, 2012): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v22i23.1768.

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A tese que vamos defender neste artigo é a do reconhecimento da capacidade de autodeterminação do sujeito idoso, ou da autonomia que o assiste quanto à sua tomada de decisão acerca da forma como e quando, em situação de doença incurável, profunda e irreversível, pretende dar fim à vida. Trata-se, portanto, de argumentar acerca da possibilidade ético-filosófica consequencialista de uma morte com dignidade assente nos princípios de autonomia, de liberdade e de dignidade humana que respeitam a vontade “última” ou “primeira” do sujeito. Nesta argumentação serão tidos oportunamente em consideração o consequencialismo e o deontologismo, bem como a ética principialista de Beauchamp e Childress, através da ponderação dos seus pressupostos de beneficência, não maleficência e justiça.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v22i23.1768
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Reynolds, Josephine Mary Katharine, and Caroline Mitchell. "‘Inglan is a bitch’: hostile NHS charging regulations contravene the ethical principles of the medical profession." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 8 (July 22, 2019): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105419.

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Following the recent condemnation of the National Health Service charging regulations by medical colleges and the UK Faculty of Public Health, we demonstrate that through enactment of this policy, the medical profession is betraying its core ethical principles. Through dissection of the policy using Beauchamp and Childress’ framework, a disrespect for autonomy becomes evident in the operationalisation of the charging regulations, just as a disregard for confidentiality was apparent in the data sharing Memorandum of Understanding. Negative consequences of the regulations are documented to highlight their importance for clinical decision makers under the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Exploration of the principle of justice illuminates the core differentiation between the border-bound duties of the State and borderless duties of the clinician, exposing a fundamental tension.
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TAKALA, TUIJA. "What Is Wrong with Global Bioethics? On the Limitations of the Four Principles Approach." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 10, no. 1 (January 2001): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180101001098.

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Within the latter half of the 30-year history of bioethics there has been an increasing pressure to address bioethical issues globally. Bioethics is not traditionally a theory-based enterprise, rather the focus has been problem related. With the introduction of the global perspective, theory has, however, become more important. One of the best known, probably the best known, theory of bioethics is the one presented by Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress in their Principles of Biomedical Ethics in 1979. This theory is known as the “four principles” or the “Georgetown mantra” approach or “mid-level principlism.” It is the attempt to create a global framework for bioethics on the four principles—autonomy, justice, beneficence, and nonmaleficence—that I will scrutinize in this paper.
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Shea, Matthew. "Principlism’s Balancing Act: Why the Principles of Biomedical Ethics Need a Theory of the Good." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2020): 441–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa014.

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Abstract Principlism, the bioethical theory championed by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, is centered on the four moral principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. Two key processes related to these principles are specification—adding specific content to general principles—and balancing—determining the relative weight of conflicting principles. I argue that both of these processes necessarily involve an appeal to human goods and evils, and therefore require a theory of the good. A significant problem with principlism is that it lacks a theory of the good and consequently does not have an adequate solution to the problems of specification and balancing. My conclusion is that principlism must adopt some account of human well-being in order to be a satisfactory bioethical framework.
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Rocha, Daiane Martins. "WITTGENSTEIN E BIOÉTICA?" Revista de Filosofia Aurora 21, no. 29 (May 4, 2009): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rfa.v21i29.2584.

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Este trabalho busca explorar as contribuições de Wittgenstein para o tema bioética e suas principais abordagens, examinando, em especial, o modelo de julgamento especializado proposto por James Nelson, que busca em Wittgenstein elementos para pensarmos na bioética contemporânea. Ao mesmo tempo, é abordado o principialismo como uma proposta que atenderia às aspirações wittgensteinianas de uma ética que não siga procedimentos algorítmicos como a ciência, visto que a posição de Wittgenstein no Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus prevê a distinção entre o âmbito dos fatos (descritos pela ciência) e dos valores (mostrados pela ética). Assim, levando em conta o caráter prima-facie dos quatro princípios enunciados por Beauchamp e Childress, seria possibilitada uma leitura wittgensteiniana do principialismo e uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de se pensar filosoficamente a bioética hoje.
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44

Höger, Christoph. "Autonomie, Fürsorge und Gerechtigkeit 1Prof. Dr. A. Rothenberger zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 38, no. 6 (January 2010): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000071.

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Was ist richtiges und gutes Handeln im Umgang mit jungen Patienten in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie? Zur Beantwortung dienen fachliche Standards, rechtliche Bestimmungen und ethische Überlegungen. Als Raster für das Erkennen und Bearbeiten ethischer Probleme und Konflikte ist der 4-Prinzipien-Ansatz von Beauchamp und Childress weit verbreitet. An Hand dieses Rasters sowie rechtlicher Bestimmungen werden die Themen Selbstbestimmung von Jugendlichen über ihre psychiatrische Behandlung, Konflikte zwischen Autonomie und Fürsorge, die bei freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen besonders augenscheinlich werden, und die Aufnahme von Jugendlichen auf Stationen der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie diskutiert. Der 4-Prinzipien-Ansatz liefert dafür keine allgemeingültig ableitbaren Handlungsanweisungen, sondern ermöglicht einen nachvollziehbaren Entscheidungsprozess für den Einzelfall. Die Grundsätze guten Handelns sind im Kontext der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit anzuwenden. Es lassen sich Belege finden, dass im Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie dafür Priorisierungsentscheidungen bereits Realität sind.
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Paulsen, Jens Erik. "Ethics of caring and professional roles." Nursing Ethics 18, no. 2 (March 2011): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733010392302.

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Normative discussions about modern health care often revolve around principles stating what must not be done or how to ration scarce resources in the name of justice. These are important discussions. However, in order to have an impact on clinical roles, ethical reflection must be able to describe and address the complexities and challenges of modern nursing and doctoring, and maybe even the patient role. A multi-principled approach, such as the one suggested by Beauchamp and Childress, can obviously address almost any such issue, but a great deal of translation is often required in order to address role-related issues. I shall here argue that an ethics of caring is better suited to grasping the big picture when the question is how to create value-informed clinical roles in an era of rapid development.
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46

Dall'Agnol, Darlei. "EQUILÍBRIO REFLEXIVO NA BIOÉTICA." Revista Dissertatio de Filosofia 34 (January 1, 2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/dissertatio.v34i0.8699.

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O presente artigo discute as diferentes aplicações do método de justificação conhecido como 'equilíbrio reflexivo' na bioética. Na primeira parte, reconstrói-se a caracterização do método feita por Rawls em "A Theory of Justice", a distinção posterior entre "Equilíbrio Reflexivo Estrito" e "Equilíbrio Reflexivo Amplo" e, finalmente, algumas aplicações do próprio Rawls na discussão da eugenia e aborto. Na segunda parte, discute-se as extensões feitas por Norman Daniels da teoria da justiça de Rawls, suas aplicações do método e suas próprias contribuições para a bioética, principalmente para a construção de um sistema de saúde justo. Na terceira parte, aborda-se a adoção do método pelos principialistas Beauchamp e Childress. Na parte conclusiva, algumas críticas feitas ao método são avaliadas a partir das aplicações feitas à questões de bioética.
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47

Rodríguez Soriano, Roberto Israel. "Reflexões sobre a necessidade da hierarquização no principialismo em bioética." Revista Ciencias de la Salud 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.6497.

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En este trabajo se hace un análisis del principlismo biomédico propuesto por Beauchamp and Childress en el que asumen una postura no jerarquizada de cuatro principios (autonomía, bene cencia, no ma- le cencia and justicia). La tesis que se desarrolla es que hay una necesidad de jerarquización de los principios en cuanto a su fundamentación ética, ya que, de otro modo, dicha práctica puede caer en un relativismo y así, en una afectación en la integridad y dignidad de los pacientes. De la misma manera, se sostiene la tesis de que el a anzamiento de la autonomía como principio jerárquicamente privilegiado daría las posibilidades para generar una perspectiva médica no paternalista que posibilitaría, a su vez, una práctica profesional acorde con la defensa de los derechos primarios de los humanos.
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48

Paranhos, Flávio R. L. Paranhos, Volnei Garrafa, and Jan Helge Solbakk. "The Theory of Common Morality of Bernard Gert." Revista Brasileira de Bioética 15, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbb.v15i1.26866.

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Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress have been increasingly using a moral theory known as “Theory of Common Morality” as a philosophical basis for their four principle approach to biomedical ethics, currently known as principlism. In the latest edition (2013) of their Principles of Biomedical Ethics, they acknowledge the contribution of some previous theorists of common morality. Bernard Gert, a critic of principlism, is one of them. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of Gert’s Theory of Common Morality, as developed in his book Common Morality. Deciding What to Do (2004). According to Gert, common morality is a moral system that everyone uses implicitly when making decisions and judgments. This system consists, basically, of moral rules, moral ideals and a two-step procedure used intuitively by every person to decide whether a given violation of a rule or ideal is legitimate. There are ten moral rules, which can be collapsed into two basic ones, Do not cause harm (Do not kill; Do not cause pain; Do not disable; Do not deprive of freedom; Do not deprive of pleasure), and Do not violate the trust (Do not deceive; Keep your promises; Do not cheat; Obey the law; Do your duty). Moral rules apply to moral agents, which are constituted by all humans able to fully understand the moral rules, as well as predict the consequences of their eventual violation. It is our understanding that, despite the highly intuitive appeal of Gert’s approach, as well as of Beauchamp and Childress’s, the Theory of Common Morality has some fundamental flaws which are discussed in the article.
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Rudge, David. "Do Unknown Risks Preclude Informed Consent?" Essays in Philosophy 4, no. 2 (2003): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip2003422.

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Allen Buchanan and Daniel Brock, in a widely influential account, Deciding for Others (1990), advocate a sliding scale approach to the determination of whether a patient is competent to make a decision regarding his/her health care. An analysis of two critiques of their position (Beauchamp and Childress (1994), Wicclair (1991 a,b)) reveals a tacit presumption by all of these authors that the greater cognitive challenge often posed by high risk therapies constitutes grounds for an elevated standard of competence. This presumption cannot be consistently maintained in cases where the patient's decision involves experimental therapies. It implies either that informed consent can never take place in such situations, or, perhaps even more counter-intuitively, that a lower standard of competency should be used than when the patient is asked to choose only among standard therapies.
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Figueiredo, Antônio Macena. "Bioética: crítica ao principialismo, Constituição brasileira e princípio da dignidade humana." Revista Bioética 26, no. 4 (December 2018): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422018264267.

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Resumo Há muito se discute a insuficiência do modelo teórico da bioética proposto por Tom L. Beauchamp e James F. Childress para regular pesquisas na área biomédica. No entanto, nos dias atuais as intervenções tecnológicas manipuladoras da vida humana necessitam cada vez mais de novas formas de tutelar a dignidade das pessoas submetidas a experiências científicas. Dessa forma, este artigo teve por objetivo demonstrar a pertinência do princípio da dignidade para regular pesquisas biomédicas envolvendo seres humanos. Além disso, o estudo demonstrou a insuficiência da corrente principialista como conceito-matriz aplicado a pesquisas com seres humanos na área em questão. A partir da análise do marco axiológico da bioética internacional, direitos e garantias constitucionais e de legislação infraconstitucional e doutrinária, evidenciou-se a pertinência do princípio da dignidade como paradigma para conduzir experimentações científicas com pessoas.
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