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1

Meneghello, Gianluca, Edward Doddridge, John Marshall, Jeffery Scott, and Jean-Michel Campin. "Exploring the Role of the “Ice–Ocean Governor” and Mesoscale Eddies in the Equilibration of the Beaufort Gyre: Lessons from Observations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 1 (2020): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0223.1.

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AbstractObservations of Ekman pumping, sea surface height anomaly, and isohaline depth anomaly over the Beaufort Gyre are used to explore the relative importance and role of (i) feedbacks between ice and ocean currents, dubbed the “ice–ocean governor,” and (ii) mesoscale eddy processes in the equilibration of the Beaufort Gyre. A two-layer model of the gyre is fit to observations and used to explore the mechanisms governing the gyre evolution from the monthly to the decennial time scale. The ice–ocean governor dominates the response on interannual time scales, with eddy processes becoming evid
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2

Meneghello, Gianluca, John Marshall, Mary-Louise Timmermans, and Jeffery Scott. "Observations of Seasonal Upwelling and Downwelling in the Beaufort Sea Mediated by Sea Ice." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 4 (2018): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0188.1.

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AbstractWe present observational estimates of Ekman pumping in the Beaufort Gyre region. Averaged over the Canada Basin, the results show a 2003–14 average of 2.3 m yr−1 downward with strong seasonal and interannual variability superimposed: monthly and yearly means range from 30 m yr−1 downward to 10 m yr−1 upward. A clear, seasonal cycle is evident with intense downwelling in autumn and upwelling during the winter months, despite the wind forcing being downwelling favorable year-round. Wintertime upwelling is associated with friction between the large-scale Beaufort Gyre ocean circulation an
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3

Manucharyan, Georgy E., Michael A. Spall, and Andrew F. Thompson. "A Theory of the Wind-Driven Beaufort Gyre Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 11 (2016): 3263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0091.1.

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AbstractThe halocline of the Beaufort Gyre varies significantly on interannual to decadal time scales, affecting the freshwater content (FWC) of the Arctic Ocean. This study explores the role of eddies in the Ekman-driven gyre variability. Following the transformed Eulerian-mean paradigm, the authors develop a theory that links the FWC variability to the stability of the large-scale gyre, defined as the inverse of its equilibration time. The theory, verified with eddy-resolving numerical simulations, demonstrates that the gyre stability is explicitly controlled by the mesoscale eddy diffusivit
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4

Zhong, Wenli, and Jinping Zhao. "Deepening of the Atlantic Water Core in the Canada Basin in 2003–11." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 9 (2014): 2353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-084.1.

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Abstract In 2004, a cold mode of Atlantic Water (AW) entered the western Canada basin, replacing the anomalously warm AW that resided in the basin since the 1990s. This slightly colder AW was denser than the 1990s warm mode; it gradually filled most of the western basin by 2009. The enhanced surface stress curl led to the spinup of the Beaufort Gyre and convergence of freshwater. The spinup also resulted in a deepening of the AW core at the center of the gyre and in shoaling of the AW core at the margins of the gyre. The density versus depth relationship revealed in this study shows that the d
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5

Davis, Peter E. D., Camille Lique, and Helen L. Johnson. "On the Link between Arctic Sea Ice Decline and the Freshwater Content of the Beaufort Gyre: Insights from a Simple Process Model." Journal of Climate 27, no. 21 (2014): 8170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00090.1.

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Abstract Recent satellite and hydrographic observations have shown that the rate of freshwater accumulation in the Beaufort Gyre of the Arctic Ocean has accelerated over the past decade. This acceleration has coincided with the dramatic decline observed in Arctic sea ice cover, which is expected to modify the efficiency of momentum transfer into the upper ocean. Here, a simple process model is used to investigate the dynamical response of the Beaufort Gyre to the changing efficiency of momentum transfer, and its link with the enhanced accumulation of freshwater. A linear relationship is found
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6

Regan, Heather, Camille Lique, Claude Talandier, and Gianluca Meneghello. "Response of Total and Eddy Kinetic Energy to the Recent Spinup of the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 3 (2020): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0234.1.

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AbstractThe Beaufort Gyre in the Arctic Ocean has spun up over the past two decades in response to changes of the wind forcing and sea ice conditions, accumulating a significant amount of freshwater. Here a simulation performed with a high-resolution, eddy-resolving model is analyzed in order to provide a detailed description of the total and eddy kinetic energy and their response to this spinup of the gyre. On average, and in contrast to the typical open ocean conditions, the levels of mean and eddy kinetic energy are of the same order of magnitude, and the eddy kinetic energy is only intensi
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7

Armitage, Thomas W. K., Sheldon Bacon, Andy L. Ridout, Alek A. Petty, Steven Wolbach, and Michel Tsamados. "Arctic Ocean surface geostrophic circulation 2003–2014." Cryosphere 11, no. 4 (2017): 1767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1767-2017.

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Abstract. Monitoring the surface circulation of the ice-covered Arctic Ocean is generally limited in space, time or both. We present a new 12-year record of geostrophic currents at monthly resolution in the ice-covered and ice-free Arctic Ocean derived from satellite radar altimetry and characterise their seasonal to decadal variability from 2003 to 2014, a period of rapid environmental change in the Arctic. Geostrophic currents around the Arctic basin increased in the late 2000s, with the largest increases observed in summer. Currents in the southeastern Beaufort Gyre accelerated in late 2007
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8

Plueddemann, A. J., R. Krishfield, T. Takizawa, K. Hatakeyama, and S. Honjo. "Upper ocean velocities in the Beaufort Gyre." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 2 (1998): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl53638.

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9

Vazquez, Heriberto J., Bruce D. Cornuelle, Peter F. Worcester, and Matthew Dzieciuch. "Ocean acoustic tomography in the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015713.

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An ocean acoustic tomography array with a radius of 150 km was installed in the central Beaufort Gyre during 2016–2017 for the Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE). Five transceivers were deployed in a pentagon shape with a sixth transceiver at the center and a long vertical receiving array northwest of the central mooring. At least 12 refracted-surface-reflected (RSR) ray arrivals with lower turning points at depths between 500 and 3500 m were resolved in the acoustic receptions at all receivers. Travel-time anomalies were computed relative to a range-dependent sound-speed re
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10

Morison, James, Ron Kwok, Suzanne Dickinson, et al. "The Cyclonic Mode of Arctic Ocean Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 51, no. 4 (2021): 1053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0190.1.

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AbstractArctic Ocean surface circulation change should not be viewed as the strength of the anticyclonic Beaufort Gyre. While the Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of average Arctic Ocean surface circulation, empirical orthogonal function analysis of dynamic height (1950–89) and satellite altimetry–derived dynamic ocean topography (2004–19) show the primary pattern of variability in its cyclonic mode is dominated by a depression of the sea surface and cyclonic surface circulation on the Russian side of the Arctic Ocean. Changes in surface circulation after Arctic Oscillation (AO) maxima in 1
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11

Kenigson, Jessica S., and M. L. Timmermans. "Arctic Cyclone Activity and the Beaufort High." Journal of Climate 34, no. 10 (2021): 4119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0771.1.

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AbstractThe Beaufort high (BH) and its accompanying anticyclonic winds drive the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre, the major freshwater reservoir of the Arctic Ocean. The Beaufort Gyre circulation and its capacity to accumulate or release freshwater rely on the BH intensity. The migration of Nordic seas cyclones into the Arctic has been hypothesized to moderate the strength of the BH. We explore this hypothesis by analyzing reanalysis sea level pressure fields to characterize the BH and identify and track cyclones north of 60°N during 1948–2019. A cluster analysis of Nordic seas cyclone trajectori
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12

McPhee, Miles G. "Intensification of Geostrophic Currents in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean." Journal of Climate 26, no. 10 (2013): 3130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00289.1.

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Abstract Continuous sampling of upper-ocean hydrographic data in the Canada Basin from various sources spanning from 2003 through 2011 provides an unprecedented opportunity to observe changes occurring in a major feature of the Arctic Ocean. In a 112-km-radius circle situated near the center of the traditional Beaufort Gyre, geopotential height referenced to 400 dbar increased by about 0.3 gpm from 2003 to 2011, and by the end of the period had increased by about 65% from the climatological value. Near the edges of the domain considered, the anomalies in dynamic height are much smaller, indica
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13

Proshutinsky, A. Yu, J. M. Toole, R. A. Krishfield, et al. "90 years of Arctic Ocean Exploration at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 3 (2020): 164–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(3).10.

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In 2020, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) celebrates 90 years of research, education, and exploration of the World Ocean. Since inception this has included Arctic studies. In fact, WHOI’s first technical report is on the oceanographic data obtained during the submarine “Nautilus” polar expedition in 1931. In 1951 and 1952, WHOI scientists supervised the collection of hydrographic data during the U.S. Navy SkiJump I & II expeditions utilizing ski-equipped aircraft landings in the Beaufort Sea, and inferred the Beaufort Gyre circulation cell and existence of a mid-Arctic ridge
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14

Duda, Timothy F., Ying-Tsong Lin, Weifeng G. Zhang, John A. Colosi, and Mohsen Badiey. "Arctic Beaufort Gyre duct transmission measurements and simulations." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (2018): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5067426.

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15

Steele, M., W. Ermold, S. Häkkinen, et al. "Adrift in the Beaufort Gyre: A model intercomparison." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 15 (2001): 2935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl012845.

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16

Warn-Varnas, Alex, Richard Allard, and Steve Piacsek. "Synoptic and seasonal variations of the ice-ocean circulation in the Arctic: a numerical study." Annals of Glaciology 15 (1991): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1991aog15-1-54-62.

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The circulations of the Arctic ice cover and ocean are investigated using a coupled ice-ocean model. The coupling is strong and two-way for synoptic time scales, but is limited on seasonal time scales: the geostrophic ocean currents are not changed by the computed heat and salt fluxes. The ice-drift motion, Ekman transports and the wind-driven part of the barotropic circulation are examined for the months of February and August 1986, representing different atmospheric forcing, ice-thickness and ice-strength regimes. Initial examination of the results revealed no significant seasonal dependence
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17

Warn-Varnas, Alex, Richard Allard, and Steve Piacsek. "Synoptic and seasonal variations of the ice-ocean circulation in the Arctic: a numerical study." Annals of Glaciology 15 (1991): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026030550000954x.

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The circulations of the Arctic ice cover and ocean are investigated using a coupled ice-ocean model. The coupling is strong and two-way for synoptic time scales, but is limited on seasonal time scales: the geostrophic ocean currents are not changed by the computed heat and salt fluxes. The ice-drift motion, Ekman transports and the wind-driven part of the barotropic circulation are examined for the months of February and August 1986, representing different atmospheric forcing, ice-thickness and ice-strength regimes. Initial examination of the results revealed no significant seasonal dependence
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18

Zhao, Bowen, and Mary-Louise Timmermans. "Topographic Rossby Waves in the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 9 (2018): 6521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014233.

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19

Reimnitz, Erk, P. W. Barnes, and W. S. Weber. "Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Glaciology 39, no. 131 (1993): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000015823.

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Abstract Ice observations and sediment samples were collected in the Beaufort Gyre in 1988. Fine sediment occurred in very small patches of turbid ice, as thin spotty surface layers, in mud pellets or in old snowdrifts. The latter were widespread south of 74°N, containing an estimated 22 tonnes of silt and clay km−2. Average particle concentration in sea ice (40mg l−1) was much higher than in sea water (0.8 mg l−1) or in new snow, but the sediment load was significantly smaller and of finer texture compared to that observed in a shelfal source area after a major entrainment event. About 30% of
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20

Reimnitz, Erk, P. W. Barnes, and W. S. Weber. "Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Glaciology 39, no. 131 (1993): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000015823.

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AbstractIce observations and sediment samples were collected in the Beaufort Gyre in 1988. Fine sediment occurred in very small patches of turbid ice, as thin spotty surface layers, in mud pellets or in old snowdrifts. The latter were widespread south of 74°N, containing an estimated 22 tonnes of silt and clay km−2. Average particle concentration in sea ice (40mg l−1) was much higher than in sea water (0.8 mg l−1) or in new snow, but the sediment load was significantly smaller and of finer texture compared to that observed in a shelfal source area after a major entrainment event. About 30% of
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21

Manucharyan, Georgy E., Andrew F. Thompson, and Michael A. Spall. "Eddy Memory Mode of Multidecadal Variability in Residual-Mean Ocean Circulations with Application to the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 4 (2017): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0194.1.

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AbstractMesoscale eddies shape the Beaufort Gyre response to Ekman pumping, but their transient dynamics are poorly understood. Climate models commonly use the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization, taking the eddy streamfunction to be proportional to an isopycnal slope s and an eddy diffusivity K. This local-in-time parameterization leads to exponential equilibration of currents. Here, an idealized, eddy-resolving Beaufort Gyre model is used to demonstrate that carries a finite memory of past ocean states, violating a key GM assumption. As a consequence, an equilibrating gyre follows a spiral
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22

Lu, Jinling, Ling Du, and Shuhao Tao. "Long-term eddy modulation affects the meridional asymmetry of the halocline in the Beaufort Gyre." Ocean Science 19, no. 6 (2023): 1773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1773-2023.

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Abstract. Against the background of wind-forcing change along with Arctic sea ice retreat, the mesoscale processes undergoing distinct variation in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) region are increasingly important to oceanic transport and energy cascades, and these changes subsequently put oceanic stratification into a new state. Here, the varying number and strength of eddies in the central Canada Basin (CB) and Chukchi–Beaufort continental slope are obtained based on mooring observations (2003–2018), altimetry measurements (1993–2019), and reanalysis data (1980–2020). In this paper, the variability i
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23

Spall, Michael. "Potential Vorticity Dynamics of the Arctic Halocline." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 9 (2020): 2491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0056.1.

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AbstractAn idealized two-layer shallow water model is applied to the study of the dynamics of the Arctic Ocean halocline. The model is forced by a surface stress distribution reflective of the observed wind stress pattern and ice motion and by an inflow representing the flow of Pacific Water through Bering Strait. The model reproduces the main elements of the halocline circulation: an anticyclonic Beaufort Gyre in the western basin (representing the Canada Basin), a cyclonic circulation in the eastern basin (representing the Eurasian Basin), and a Transpolar Drift between the two gyres directe
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24

Zhao, Mengnan, Mary‐Louise Timmermans, Richard Krishfield, and Georgy Manucharyan. "Partitioning of Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 7 (2018): 4806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014037.

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25

Kelly, S. J., A. Proshutinsky, E. K. Popova, Y. K. Aksenov, and A. Yool. "On the Origin of Water Masses in the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 7 (2019): 4696–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015022.

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26

Proshutinsky, A., R. Krishfield, J. M. Toole, et al. "Analysis of the Beaufort Gyre Freshwater Content in 2003–2018." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 12 (2019): 9658–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015281.

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27

Wendel, JoAnna. "Beaufort Gyre sea ice thins in recent decades, impacts climate." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 95, no. 22 (2014): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014eo220011.

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28

Zhang, Jinlun, Michael Steele, Kay Runciman, et al. "The Beaufort Gyre intensification and stabilization: A model-observation synthesis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121, no. 11 (2016): 7933–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012196.

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29

Ma, Barry, Michael Steele, and Craig M. Lee. "Ekman circulation in the Arctic Ocean: Beyond the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122, no. 4 (2017): 3358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012624.

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30

Dosser, Hayley V., and Mary-Louise Timmermans. "Inferring Circulation and Lateral Eddy Fluxes in the Arctic Ocean’s Deep Canada Basin Using an Inverse Method." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 2 (2018): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0190.1.

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AbstractThe deep waters in the Canada Basin display a complex temperature and salinity structure, the evolution of which is poorly understood. The fundamental physical processes driving changes in these deep water masses are investigated using an inverse method based on tracer conservation combined with empirical orthogonal function analysis of repeat hydrographic measurements between 2003 and 2015. Changes in tracer fields in the deep Canada Basin are found to be dominated by along-isopycnal diffusion of water properties from the margins into the central basin, with advection by the large-sca
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31

Forbes, J. R., R. W. Macdonald, E. C. Carmack, K. Iseki, and M. C. O'Brien. "Zooplankton Retained in Sequential Sediment Traps along the Beaufort Sea Shelf Break during Winter." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 4 (1992): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-075.

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Zooplankton retained in four sediment traps deployed along the shelf break of the eastern Beaufort Sea, from September 1987 to March 1988, were used to investigate temporal and regional variations of the zooplankton community during winter. Despite trap selectivity, the species composition indicated that both the shelf community and Atlantic water community of the deep Arctic Ocean are excluded from the shelf break at this time of year. There was no evidence of off-shelf transport during the study period. Taxa collected, predominantly pteropods (Spiratella helicina) and calanoid copepods, were
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32

Long, Z., W. Perrie, C. L. Tang, E. Dunlap, and J. Wang. "Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface Height in the Beaufort Sea*." Journal of Climate 25, no. 4 (2012): 1079–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4121.1.

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Abstract The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004–09, using a coupled ice–ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulation exhibits a (relative) salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea and a warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, which is similar to the Polar Hydrographic Climatology (PHC), and captures the observed FWC maximum in the central Beaufort Sea, and the observed variation and rapid decline of
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33

Hall, Sarah B., Bulusu Subrahmanyam, and James H. Morison. "Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010071.

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Salinity is the primary determinant of the Arctic Ocean’s density structure. Freshwater accumulation and distribution in the Arctic Ocean have varied significantly in recent decades and certainly in the Beaufort Gyre (BG). In this study, we analyze salinity variations in the BG region between 2012 and 2017. We use in situ salinity observations from the Seasonal Ice Zone Reconnaissance Surveys (SIZRS), CTD casts from the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGP), and the EN4 data to validate and compare with satellite observations from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture and Ocean
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34

Ivanov, N. E., D. M. Demchev, and A. V. Nesterov. "Application of A.M. Obukhov’s theory of correlation of vectors for scientific research and engineering calculations of ice drift in the Arctic Ocean." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1040, no. 1 (2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1040/1/012024.

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Abstract The theory of vectors correlation of Obukhov was used to describe an ice drift in the Arctic Ocean. The main features are defined by an area. The tracks tortuosity in Beaufort Gyre and Transarctic current varies threefold: 1.5 and 4.5. Year to year and seasonal variations indicate the position of the Beaufort Gyre and the speed of the Transarctic drift. The average speed does not exceed 10 cm/s. The drift increases in summer, and in winter it intensifies in Fram Strait. In Fram Strait the velocity month–over–month increases from June to December–March from 2.5 to 6.5 cm/s. Overall cor
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35

Macdonald, R. W., E. C. Carmack, F. A. McLaughlin, K. K. Falkner, and J. H. Swift. "Connections among ice, runoff and atmospheric forcing in the Beaufort Gyre." Geophysical Research Letters 26, no. 15 (1999): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900508.

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36

Zhang, S., Y. Zuo, F. Xiao, L. Yuan, T. Geng, and Y. Xuan. "PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SEA ICE FREEBOARD MEASUREMENTS OF BEAUFORT SEA FROM CRYOSAT-2 ALTIMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1811-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Satellite altimetry has been used to observe the Arctic sea ice in long term and large scale, and the records show a continued decline for Arctic sea ice thickness over decades. In this study, the sea ice freeboard in Beaufort Sea of Arctic have been estimated using CryoSat-2 data, and validated with Upward Looking Sonar (ULS) data of Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGEP). The results show an obvious seasonal variation of the Beaufort Sea with a high reliability estimation of the sea ice freeboard. The average height of the sea ice freeboard i
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37

Colosi, John A., Heriberto J. Vazquez, Bruce Cornuelle, Peter F. Worcester, and Matthew A. Dzieciuch. "Estimation of surface layer and Pacific summer water properties from acoustic transmissions in the Beaufort duct using a tomographic array during 2016–2017." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023030.

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The 2016–2017 Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) was conducted to assess the effects of the changing Beaufort Gyre on low-frequency underwater acoustic propagation and ambient sound. A 150-km radius ocean acoustic tomography array was deployed with six transceivers and a distributed vertical line array (DVLA) measuring the impulse responses every four hours with broadband signals centered from 172.5 to 275 Hz. The nominal transceiver source depth was 175-m, placing them near the Beaufort duct axis, and the 60 hydrophone DVLA spanned 50 to 600 m. The Beaufort duct (approximat
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38

Preller, Ruth H., and Pamela G. Posey. "A numerical model simulation of a summer reversal of the Beaufort Gyre." Geophysical Research Letters 16, no. 1 (1989): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl016i001p00069.

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39

Regan, Heather C., Camille Lique, and Thomas W. K. Armitage. "The Beaufort Gyre Extent, Shape, and Location Between 2003 and 2014 From Satellite Observations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 2 (2019): 844–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014379.

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40

Dainard, Paul G., Céline Guéguen, Natasha McDonald, and William J. Williams. "Photobleaching of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in Beaufort Sea and North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre." Marine Chemistry 177 (December 2015): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.004.

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41

DeGrandpre, Michael D., Chun‐Ze Lai, Mary‐Louise Timmermans, Richard A. Krishfield, Andrey Proshutinsky, and Daniel Torres. "Inorganic Carbon andpCO2Variability During Ice Formation in the Beaufort Gyre of the Canada Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 6 (2019): 4017–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015109.

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Duda, Timothy F. "Prospects for acoustic remote sensing and acoustic system performance in the Beaufort Gyre region." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015716.

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In the Beaufort Gyre region north of Alaska, the vertical interleaving of the near-surface temperature maximum, the warm Pacific Summer Water (PSW), the cool Pacific Winter Water, and the Atlantic layer make for unusual acoustic conditions. The dynamics of these upper ocean layers cause typical complex and turbulent-like oceanic flow that causes geographically variable heat content and acoustics. A sound duct in the PWW, below the PSW and above the Atlantic Layer, filling ∼75 to 225 m depth, is prominent but not universal. Erosion of the PSW warm layer by either vertical or horizontal mixing p
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Manucharyan, Georgy E., and Michael A. Spall. "Wind‐driven freshwater buildup and release in the Beaufort Gyre constrained by mesoscale eddies." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 1 (2016): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065957.

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Zhong, Wenli, Jinping Zhao, Jiuxin Shi, and Yong Cao. "The Beaufort Gyre variation and its impacts on the Canada Basin in 2003–2012." Acta Oceanologica Sinica 34, no. 7 (2015): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-015-0657-0.

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45

Solomon, Amy, Céline Heuzé, Benjamin Rabe, et al. "Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019." Ocean Science 17, no. 4 (2021): 1081–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021.

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Abstract. The Arctic climate system is rapidly transitioning into a new regime with a reduction in the extent of sea ice, enhanced mixing in the ocean and atmosphere, and thus enhanced coupling within the ocean–ice–atmosphere system; these physical changes are leading to ecosystem changes in the Arctic Ocean. In this review paper, we assess one of the critically important aspects of this new regime, the variability of Arctic freshwater, which plays a fundamental role in the Arctic climate system by impacting ocean stratification and sea ice formation or melt. Liquid and solid freshwater export
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Rabe, B., P. Dodd, E. Hansen, et al. "Export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998–2010." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 4 (2012): 2749–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-2749-2012.

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Abstract. The East Greenland Current in the Western Fram Strait is an important pathway for liquid freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. We analysed five hydrographic surveys and data from moored current meters around 79° N in the Western Fram Strait between 1998 and 2010. To estimate the composition of southward liquid freshwater transports, inventories of liquid freshwater and components from Dodd et al. (2012) were combined with transport estimates from an inverse model between 10.6° W and 4° E. The southward liquid freshwater trans
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Giles, Katharine A., Seymour W. Laxon, Andy L. Ridout, Duncan J. Wingham, and Sheldon Bacon. "Western Arctic Ocean freshwater storage increased by wind-driven spin-up of the Beaufort Gyre." Nature Geoscience 5, no. 3 (2012): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1379.

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Proshutinsky, A., R. H. Bourke, and F. A. McLaughlin. "The role of the Beaufort Gyre in Arctic climate variability: Seasonal to decadal climate scales." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 23 (2002): 15–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015847.

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Worcester, Peter F., Matthew A. Dzieciuch, Heriberto J. Vazquez, John A. Colosi, and Richard A. Krishfield. "Acoustic transmission loss observed on a tomographic array in the Beaufort Gyre during 2016–2017." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022877.

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The Arctic Ocean is undergoing dramatic changes. The 2016–2017 Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) was conducted to assess the effects of the changes in the sea ice and ocean structure in the Beaufort Gyre on low-frequency underwater acoustic propagation and ambient sound. An ocean acoustic tomography array with a radius of 150 km that consisted of six transceivers and a long vertical receiving array measured the impulse responses of the ocean every four hours using broadband signals with center frequencies that ranged from 172.5 to 275 Hz. Ice-profiling sonar data showed a g
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Rella, S. F., and M. Uchida. "Sedimentary organic matter and carbonate variations in the Chukchi Borderland in association with ice sheet and ocean-atmosphere dynamics over the last 155 kyr." Biogeosciences 8, no. 12 (2011): 3545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3545-2011.

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Abstract. Knowledge on past variability of sedimentary organic carbon in the Arctic Ocean is important to assess natural carbon cycling and transport processes related to global climate changes. However, the late Pleistocene oceanographic history of the Arctic is still poorly understood. In the present study we show sedimentary records of total organic carbon (TOC), CaCO3, benthic foraminiferal δ18O and the coarse grain size fraction from a piston core recovered from the northern Northwind Ridge in the far western Arctic Ocean, a region potentially sensitively responding to past variability in
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