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Journal articles on the topic 'Beef cattle – Botswana – Growth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Raphaka, K., and K. Dzama. "Genetic analyses for growth traits of two indigenous beef cattle breeds in Botswana." Livestock Science 129, no. 1-3 (April 2010): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.024.

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2

Good, Kenneth. "Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: a Best-Case Example?" Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 3 (September 1994): 499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015202.

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Independent Botswana has developed on three main pillars: rapid and sustained economic growth (over the decade to 1992, for example, at 8.4 per cent a year, third-highest among all developing countries, and far in excess of any other in Africa); multi-party or liberal democracy; and an efficient central state, the main features of which have been identified and praised by observers. With growth, an accompanying build-up of a relatively strong governmental system took place, with activities especially focused on finance and planning. The civil service was maintained at a high level, according to Ravi Gulhati, by avoiding rapid localisation, by providing high compensation for officials, and by keeping well-defined lines of authority and accountability. Able people were placed in key positions and kept there for extended periods. The political elite fairly consistently sought expert advice from leading bureaucrats, and the two groups have displayed a closeness and mutuality of interest built upon their common involvement in cattle and commerce, and the not uncommon tendency for cabinet ministers to arise from the ranks of the senior bureaucracy.

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3

Good, Kenneth. "The state and extreme poverty in Botswana: the San and destitutes." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99003043.

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The rise of wealth and power within the cattle-owning economy of Botswana has been accompanied by the creation of poverty and weakness. The impoverishment of the San and ‘destitutes’ was a structured, comprehensive, and long-term process, caused less by phenomena such as periodic drought than by an elite of economic and political power, and the exploitation which they practised. The growth economy of recent decades has not ameliorated the situation, but has strengthened the wealthy while neglecting or worsening the plight of the San. The state possesses the financial resources and developmental capacities to alleviate poverty, but its controllers continue to prioritise other matters.

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4

March, John B., Jason Clark, and Malcolm Brodlie. "Characterization of Strains of Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp. mycoides Small Colony Type Isolated from Recent Outbreaks of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Botswana and Tanzania: Evidence for a New Biotype." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1419-1425.2000.

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Four strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) isolated from recent outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Africa have been investigated. One Botswanan strain, M375, displayed numerous and significant phenotypic differences from both contemporary field isolates and older field and vaccine strains (African, Australian, and European strains dating back to 1936). Differences include altered morphology, reduced capsular polysaccharide production, high sensitivity to MmmSC rabbit hyperimmune antisera in vitro, and unique polymorphisms following immunoblotting. While insertion sequence analysis using IS1634 clearly indicates a close evolutionary relationship to west African strains, hybridization with IS1296 shows the absence of a band present in all other strains of MmmSC examined. The data suggest that a deletion has occurred in strain M375, which may explain its altered phenotype, including poor growth in vitro and a relative inability to cause septicemia in mice. These characteristics are also exhibited byMycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae(causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia [CCPP]), against which M375 antiserum exhibited some activity in vitro (unique among the various MmmSC antisera tested). These findings may have evolutionary implications, since CCPP is believed to be lung specific and without a septicemic phase (unlike CBPP). Since M375 was isolated from a clinical case of CBPP, this novel biotype may be fairly widespread but not normally isolated due to difficulty of culture and/or a potentially altered disease syndrome. Bovine convalescent antisera (obtained from contemporary naturally infected cattle in Botswana) were active against strain M375 in an in vitro growth inhibition test but not against any other strains of MmmSC tested. There exists the possibility therefore, that strain M375 may possess a set of protective antigens different from those of other strains of MmmSC (including vaccine strains). These findings have implications for the control of the current CBPP epidemic in Africa.

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5

Ziwakaya, Paul Kundai, and Edward M. Lungu. "Modeling Botswana Beef-Cattle Price Dynamics." Journal of Mathematical Finance 11, no. 01 (2021): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmf.2021.111004.

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6

Temoso, Omphile, David Hadley, and Renato Villano. "Performance Measurement of Extensive Beef Cattle Farms in Botswana." Agrekon 54, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2015.1116399.

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7

Mpofu, Ntombizakhe. "Conservation of the Tswana cattle breed in Botswana." Animal Genetic Resources Information 20 (April 1996): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000845.

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SummaryThe Tswana cattle breed is indigenous to Botswana. Its popularity and numbers in the national herd is declining due to crossbreeding. This paper presents results of work done so far to characterise the breed for milk and beef production and describes the current breed conservation program. Suggestions on more characterisation work and improvement on the conservation program are given.

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8

Mochankana, M. Ernest, and Ian D. Robertson. "Cross-sectional prevalence of Fasciola gigantica infections in beef cattle in Botswana." Tropical Animal Health and Production 50, no. 6 (April 26, 2018): 1355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1568-9.

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9

MOLINA, A., A. RODERO, E. RODERO, and J. M. JIMENEZ. "Repeatability of growth in Retinto beef cattle." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 116, no. 1 (February 1999): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1999.00171.x.

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10

Galyean, M. L., N. DiLorenzo, J. P. McMeniman, and P. J. Defoor. "ALPHARMA BEEF CATTLE NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Predictability of feedlot cattle growth performance1." Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3328.

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11

HIROOKA, Hiroyuki, and Yukio YAMADA. "Systems Analysis of Beef Cattle Growth and Production." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 56, no. 7 (1985): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.56.557.

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12

HIROOKA, Hiroyuki, and Yukio YAMADA. "Systems Analysis of Beef Cattle Growth and Production." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 58, no. 2 (1987): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.58.138.

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13

Waldron, D. F., C. A. Morris, R. L. Baker, and D. L. Johnson. "Maternal effects for growth traits in beef cattle." Livestock Production Science 34, no. 1-2 (March 1993): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(93)90035-g.

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14

Ramabu, Solomon S., Patrick M. Kgwatalala, Shalaulani J. Nsoso, Sumbikane Gasebonwe, and Ednah Kgosiesele. "Anaplasma infection prevalence in beef and dairy cattle in the south east region of Botswana." Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 12 (May 2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.12.003.

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15

Fan, Yongliang, Ziyin Han, Abdelaziz Adam Idriss ARBAB, Yi Yang, and Zhangping Yang. "Effect of Aging Time on Meat Quality of Longissimus Dorsi from Yunling Cattle: A New Hybrid Beef Cattle." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101897.

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The beef aging process is essential for compliance with certain major requisites, such as sensory characteristics for cooking and meat processing. Meat quality analysis of Yunling cattle, a new hybrid beef cattle bred by Chinese researchers, during the aging process, represents a major research gap. To explore Yunling beef initially, indicators associated with meat quality during the aging process of Yunling, Simmental, and Wenshan cattle were measured. In addition, some important economic traits were detected in the three breeds, including growth performance and carcass characteristics. The results showed that the growth performance, carcass traits, pH, and water holding capacity of Yunling and Simmental cattle were basically the same and better, respectively, than those of Wenshan cattle. The proportions of individual fatty acids in Yunling beef were healthier than in the other two breeds. Aging time did not affect the fatty acid profiles of the beef (p > 0.05). The contents of certain fatty acids in the three beef types displayed some differences in terms of days of aging (p < 0.05). The tenderness and meat color were better in the Yunling beef as the aging time increased, indicating that Yunling beef aged for 7 days was more suitable for cooking, exhibiting better sensory characteristics. Thus, a 7-day short-term aging process is very effective in improving the quality of Yunling beef. Our study attempted to fill a gap in the Yunling beef quality analysis during aging, providing further evidence for Yunling beef improvement.

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16

Silva Neto, Waldemiro Alcântara da, and Mirian Rumenos Piedade Bacchi. "Growth of Brazilian beef production: effect of shocks of supply and demand." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 52, no. 2 (June 2014): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-20032014000200001.

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With the considerable growth of beef production in Brazil and the growth in beef exports as a backdrop, the main objective of this study is to identify the factors responsible for the excellent performance of this agribusiness sector. Conducting this study required the construction of a theoretical model that was capable of supporting the specification of the adjusted econometric model using vector autoregression with identification by the Bernanke process. The findings show that the main determinant of beef cattle growth and Brazilian beef exports is increased animal stock. Furthermore, productivity has a positive, albeit more modest, effect on beef production and exports. The results show that the increase of the number of cattle reduces costs to the farmer and retail beef prices.

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17

Wright, I. A., and A. J. F. Russel. "Changes in the body composition of beef cattle during compensatory growth." Animal Science 52, no. 1 (February 1991): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005730.

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ABSTRACTForty-two weaned suckled Charolais-cross steers were used to measure changes in body composition during compensatory growth in growing cattle. Six cattle were slaughtered initially and the remaining 36 allocated to either a low level of feeding to 350 kg live weight followed by a high level (LH) or a high level of feeding throughout (HH). Above 350 kg live weight, food intake on both treatments was the same at any given live weight. Six cattle were slaughtered from each treatment at 350, 400 and 450 kg live weight. From initial live weight (259 kg) to 350 kg, live-weight gains were 0·45 and 0·78 kg/day for the LH and HH treatments respectively (P < 0·001). From 350 to 400 kg live weight, live-weight gains were 1·35 and 0·98 kg/day (P < 0·01) for the LH and HH cattle respectively, while from 400 to 450 kg live weight there was no significant difference (1·38 v. 1·20 kg/day). The LH cattle contained less fat in the empty body than the HH cattle at 350 kg (118 v. 153 g/kg; P < 0·05) and 400 kg live weight (117 v. 169 g/kg; P < 0·01), but at 450 kg there was no significant difference between treatments. From 350 to 400 kg live weight the composition of the empty body-weight gain was 663 g water, ' 108 g fat and 216 g protein per kg in the LH cattle and 422 kg water, 311 g fat and 173 g protein in the HH cattle. From 400 to 450 kg live weight the equivalent figures were 491, 291, 156 g/kg for the LH cattle and 744, 67 and 203 g/kg for the HH cattle. The results demonstrate that following a period of food restriction the empty body-weight gain of cattle initially comprises increased proportions of protein and water and a reduced proportion of fat compared with unrestricted cattle when both are given the same amount of food and compared at the same weight. There then follows a second phase in which the proportion of fat increases and the proportions of protein and water decrease.

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18

Zhang, Wengang, Lingyang Xu, Huijiang Gao, Yang Wu, Xue Gao, Lupei Zhang, Bo Zhu, et al. "Detection of candidate genes for growth and carcass traits using genome-wide association strategy in Chinese Simmental beef cattle." Animal Production Science 58, no. 2 (2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16165.

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In Chinese beef cattle industry, there are more than 60 million livestock, nearly half of which are Chinese Simmental beef cattle or Simmental crossbreds. Over the past decades, numerous quantitative trait loci for economic traits in cattle have been identified, while few studies for growth and carcass traits have been reported in Simmental beef cattle. In the present study, we conducted genome-wide association study based on BovineHD BeadChip and identified 41, 15, 3, 22 and 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with average daily gain, liveweight before slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage and pure meat percentage respectively. In total, 18 candidate genes were found for growth and carcass traits, and four haplotype blocks for growth and carcass traits were discovered. These findings will facilitate detection of major genes and genetic variants involved in growth and carcass traits of beef cattle in further studies.

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19

Lusk, Jayson L., and John A. Fox. "Consumer Demand for Mandatory Labeling of Beef from Cattle Administered Growth Hormones or Fed Genetically Modified Corn." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 34, no. 1 (April 2002): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002121.

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AbstractThis study estimates the value of policies that would mandate labeling of beef from cattle produced with growth hormones or fed genetically modified corn. At no cost, 85 percent of respondents desired mandatory labeling of beef produced with growth hormones and 64 percent of respondents preferred mandatory labeling of beef fed genetically modified corn. Estimates suggest that consumers would be willing to pay 17.0 percent and 10.6 percent higher prices for beef on average to obtain information provided via mandatory labeling about whether the beef is from cattle produced with growth hormones or fed genetically modified corn, respectively.

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20

Hirooka, H., and Y. Yamada. "A general simulation model for cattle growth and beef production." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1990.205.

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21

Andries, K. M., R. R. Schalles, D. E. Franke, and Michael E. Dikeman. "Comparisons among crossbred beef cattle for growth and carcass traits." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1967.

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22

Oltjen, J. W., A. C. Bywater, and R. L. Baldwin. "Evaluation of a Model of Beef Cattle Growth and Composition." Journal of Animal Science 62, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.62198x.

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23

Wicks, Jordan, Mariane Beline, Juan Fernando Morales Gomez, Santiago Luzardo, Saulo Luz Silva, and David Gerrard. "Muscle Energy Metabolism, Growth, and Meat Quality in Beef Cattle." Agriculture 9, no. 9 (September 7, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090195.

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World meat production must increase substantially to support current projections in population growth over the next 30 years. However, maximizing product quality remains a focus for many in the meat industry, as incremental increases in product quality often signal potential increases in segment profitability. Moreover, increases in meat quality also address concerns raised by an ever-growing affluent society demanding greater eating satisfaction. Production strategies and valued endpoints differ worldwide, though this makes the global marketing of meat challenging. Moreover, this variation in production schemes makes it difficult for the scientific community to understand precisely those mechanisms controlling beef quality. For example, some cattle are produced in low input, extensive, forage-based systems. In contrast, some producers raise cattle in more intensive operations where feeding programs are strategically designed to maximal growth rates and achieve significant fat deposition. Yet, others produce cattle that perform between these two extremes. Fresh meat quality, somewhat like the variation observed in production strategies, is perceived differently across the globe. Even so, meat quality is largely predicated on those characteristics visible at the retail counter, namely color and perceived texture and firmness. Once purchased, however, the eating experience is a function of flavor and tenderness. In this review, we attempt to identify a few areas where animal growth may impact postmortem energy metabolism and thereby alter meat quality. Understanding how animals grow and how this affects meat quality development is incumbent to all vested in the meat industry.

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24

Krupa, E., M. Oravcová, P. Polák, J. Huba, and Z. Krupová. "Factors affecting growth traits of beef cattle breeds raised inSlovakia." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 1 (December 5, 2011): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3990-cjas.

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Growth traits of purebred calves of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus – AA, Blonde d’Aquitaine – BA, Charolais – CH,Hereford – HE, Limousine – LI and Beef Simmental – BS) born from 1998 to 2002 were analysed. Traits under study were birth weight (BW), weight at 120 days (W120), weight at 210 days – weaning weight (WW), weight at 365 days – yearling weight (YW) and average daily gains from birth to 120 days (ADG1), from birth to 210 days (ADG2), from birth to 365 days (ADG3), from 120 to 210 days (ADG4). General linear model with class effects of breed, dam’s age at calving, sex, herd-year-season (HYS) and covariation of age at weighing was used for analyses. All effects significantly affected both weight and gain traits except for dam’s age that was significant for BW, W120, YW and ADG3, and age at weighing that was significant for W120, WW, YW, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4. Estimated least squares means of growth traits were compared using Scheffe’s multiple-range tests. Highest BW (40.57 kg) and W120 (172.43 kg) were found for BA calves. BS calves had highest WW (260.30 kg), YW (424.07 kg), ADG1 (1 154 g), ADG2 (1 053 g), ADG3 (1 054 g) and ADG4 (1 098 g). Highest BW, YW, ADG3 and ADG4 were found for males-singles. Males-twins had highest W120, WW, ADG1 and ADG2. Calves descending from 5–7 years old dams had highest BW, W120, WW, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG4. The proportion of variability of growth traits explained by HYS effect (42.96–71.69%) was high, whereas proportions of variability explained by SEX effect (2.03–5.77%), age of dam (1.02–2.24%) and breed (1.05–2.21%) were low. Residuals accounted for 23.71 up to 53.79% of total variance.  

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25

Kilpatrick, D. J., and R. W. J. Steen. "A predictive model for beef cattle growth and carcass composition." Agricultural Systems 61, no. 2 (August 1999): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(99)00040-2.

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26

Lopes, Rúbia Branco, Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi, Leonardo Canalli Canellas, Fredy Andrey Lopez Gonzalez, Ricardo Faria Corrêa, Paulo Rodrigo Ramos Xavier Pereira, and Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos. "Bioeconomic simulation of compensatory growth in beef cattle production systems." Livestock Science 216 (October 2018): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.08.011.

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27

Buzanskas, Marcos E., Daniela A. Grossi, Ricardo V. Ventura, Flávio S. Schenkel, Mehdi Sargolzaei, Sarah L. C. Meirelles, Fabiana B. Mokry, et al. "Genome-Wide Association for Growth Traits in Canchim Beef Cattle." PLoS ONE 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2014): e94802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094802.

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28

Nikolić, Judith Anna, Olgica Nedić, H. Šamanc, S. Aleksić, B. Miščević, and Margit Kulcsár. "Peripheral circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and -II in cattle." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 49, no. 1 (January 2001): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.49.2001.1.7.

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Interrelationships between circulating concentrations of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) were investigated in 235 blood samples taken from 145 healthy beef or dairy calves, bulls and cows of different breeds and ages. Autoradiography of Western ligand blots indicated different IGF binding protein (IGFBP) profiles between sera from different categories of cattle. Each IGF radioimmunoassay was validated by determining the effects of IGFBPs, ligand and contraligand, as well as serial dilution and comparison with results obtained after molecular sieve chromatography in acid. In female cattle mean values for IGF-I varied from 5.1 nmol/l in postparturient Holstein cows to 18.5–20.5 nmol/l in growing beef heifers, while mean IGF-II concentrations ranged from 30.0 nmol/l in the cows to 14.7–15.7 nmol/l in the beef heifer calves. In male cattle mean serum IGF-I ranged widely from 8.2 nmol/l in 1-day-old Holstein calves to 67.4 nmol/l in 16-month-old Simmental-type bulls. Mean IGF-II concentrations decreased from 22.9 nmol/l in 1-day-old Holstein bull calves to 11.9 nmol/l in 12-month-old beef bulls. Thus, total molar IGF concentrations were fairly stable in female cattle (24.7–35.1 nmol/l) but extended from 27.3 nmol/l to 81.8 nmol/l in the male cattle. The tendency for a reciprocal relationship between serum concentrations of these growth factors was most obvious in the periparturient cows.

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29

Rusdiana, Supardi, Ismail Ismail, Rusli Sulaiman, Amiruddin Amiruddin, Razali Daud, Zainuddin Zainuddin, and Mustafa Sabri. "The Effort of Beef Needs Supplying for Coming Years in Indonesia." International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 3, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v3i1.11364.

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The increase in beef production is constrained by the slow growth of beef cattle population which is caused by the cattle breeding business that is considered less commercially profitable. The supplying of beef needs in a critical and effective manner is always increasing each year, so the price of beef is fluctuate. The various priority concept of the government's main program for the development of beef cattle is always done in every region in Indonesia. But the production of beef is still less and the government have to import the beef to fulfill the beef production. Therefore, this issues need necessary operational steps to provide more open space for some factors and leverage points in the supplying of beef needs. The purpose of this review is to examine the efforts to supply beef needs for the future in Indonesia critically. The high price of beef is not a mistake of the government. Basically, the government has tried to make the beef cattle population increased, to fulfill the consumer needs and the prices of beef is affordable for the customer. To cope with the higher beef prices, the government is make a policy of developing small, medium-sized, and big beef cattle breeding industries through seed cattle spreads on plantations of oil palm, rubber and cultivable fields for the development of beef cattle population. It is expected that in the coming year, beef cattle business can be oriented to agribusiness bussiness so that farmer's welfare will increase and can support Indonesia as the world food granary.

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Ismael, Fátima, Alexis Ndayiragije, and David Fangueiro. "New Fertilizer Strategies Combining Manure and Urea for Improved Rice Growth in Mozambique." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040783.

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The cost of chemical fertilizers is increasing and becoming unaffordable for smallholders in Africa. The present study aimed to assess the impact of combined fertilization strategies using urea and animal manure (beef cattle manure and poultry litter manure) on rice yield and nutrient uptake. For this, a field experiment was carried out on a loam sandy soil in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme. We set seven treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), namely: T0: no fertilizer, T1: 100% urea, T2: 100% beef cattle manure, T3: 100% poultry litter, T4: 50% urea + 50% beef cattle manure, T5: 50% urea + 50% poultry litter and T6: 40% urea + 30% beef cattle manure + 30% poultry litter, replicated four times each. All treatments, except T0, received an amount of nitrogen (N) equivalent to 100 kgN·ha−1. Results revealed that the highest yield grain (425 g·m−2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6) indicating that N supply in the mixture (urea + manure) is more efficient than in isolated applications of N (T1, T2 and T3). The data obtained in this study suggest that a combination of fertilizers (T6) lead to competitive yields and is thus recommended for best soil management practices.

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31

Brscic, M., S. Miotello, A. Mazzenga, G. Cozzi, and F. Gottardo. "Growth performance and behaviour of finishing beef cattle illegally treated with growth promoters." Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, sup1 (January 2007): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.403.

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32

Griffith, G. R. "Economic effects of alternate growth path, time of calving and breed type combinations across southern Australian beef cattle environments: industry-wide effects." Animal Production Science 49, no. 6 (2009): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08264.

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The ‘Regional Combinations’ project and its biophysical outcomes, and the subsequent identification of the most profitable beef cattle production systems across different environments in southern Australia, have been described in several other papers in this special edition. In this paper, the economic calculations reported for each of the individual beef enterprises representative of the various state sites are aggregated up to the level of the Australian cattle and beef industry and then projected forward over several years into the future. To do this, an existing model of the world beef market is used. The analyses suggest that both the fast-growth-rate technology and the time-of-calving technology have the potential to generate significant economic benefits for the southern Australia cattle and beef industries. The cumulative present values of each technology are around $70 million over a 15-year time horizon at a 7% real discount rate.

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33

Fonseca, Wéverton José Lima, Amauri Felipe Evangelista, Laylson Da Silva Borges, Gleissa Mayone Silva Vogado, Carlos Syllas Monteiro Luz, Diego Helcias Cavalcante, Marcelo Richelly Alves de Oliveira, and Willamy Fonseca Vogado. "APPLICATION OF RANDOM REGRESSION MODELS FOR GROWTH TRAITS OF NELLORE CATTLE IN BRAZIL." Nucleus Animalium 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.1657.

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The purpose of this review is to show the increase in number of researches on covariance components and genetic evaluation using random regression models (RRM) for growth traits of Nellore cattle. Random regression models, also known as infinite-dimension models have been used to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for weight of beef cattle. In addition, those models are a standard alternative for genetic analyses of longitudinal data, however, the availibility of computational resources for performing genetic evaluations widely is an obstacle. Traits related to animal growth are adopted as selection criteria in beef cattle breeding programs, because the remuneration of cattle breeders is made based on the weight of carcasses. In recent years, RRM have been adopted as standard procedure in relation to the analysis of longitudinal data in animal breeding.

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34

Lee, D. H., and J. K. Bertrand. "Investigation of genotype × country interactions for growth traits in beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2002.802330x.

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35

Hozáková, Katarína. "Growth of beef cattle as prediction for meat production: A review." Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 23, no. 2 (June 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.58-69.

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Sedykh, T. A., R. S. Gizatullin, I. Yu Dolmatova, I. V. Gusev, and L. A. Kalashnikova. "Growth Hormone Gene Polymorphism in Relation to Beef Cattle Carcass Quality." Russian Agricultural Sciences 46, no. 3 (May 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367420030167.

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37

Pinotti, Luciano, Claudia Paltanin, Anna Campagnoli, Paolo Cavassini, and Vittorio Dell’Orto. "Rumen protected choline supplementation in beef cattle: effect on growth performance." Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, sup2 (January 2009): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.322.

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38

Oltjen, J. W., A. C. Bywater, R. L. Baldwin, and W. N. Garrett. "Development of a Dynamic Model of Beef Cattle Growth and Composition." Journal of Animal Science 62, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.62186x.

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Ellenberger, M. A., D. E. Johnson, G. E. Carstens, K. L. Hossner, M. D. Holland, T. M. Nett, and C. F. Nockels. "Endocrine and Metabolic Changes during Altered Growth Rates in Beef Cattle." Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 6 (1989): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.6761446x.

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RAHNEFELD, G. W., G. M. WEISS, H. T. FREDEEN, J. A. NEWMAN, and J. E. LAWSON. "GENETIC EFFECTS ON POSTWEANING GROWTH OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-074.

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Genetic effects on postweaning growth traits were evaluated for 3592 crossbred steers and heifers fed at two locations, Brandon, Manitoba and Lacombe, Alberta during a 6-yr period (1973–1978). The calves were sired by Chianina (Chi), Charolais (C), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S) bulls mated to 10 F1 dam-crosses representing the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine dam-cross combinations produced by mating C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) females. Progeny rankings by terminal sire breed for weight on-test were C = Chi = S > L. For the trait 140-d postweaning average daily gain, progeny rankings were C > Chi = S, C = Chi > L and Chi > S > L. The progeny from the majority of "exotic" cross-dams were heavier on-test, and had higher postweaning average daily gain than progeny from HA dams. Ranking of dam-crosses according to their breed of sire (DS) for the trait weight on-test were S > C > L. The DS comparisons for postweaning average daily gain were C > S > L. The ranking of dam-crosses by breed of dam's dam, for on-test weight and postweaning average daily gain were N > H = A. Genetic interactions (terminal sire by breed cross of dam) were absent. Genotype environment interactions involving breed of terminal sire with year, sex and location were found for weight on-test and postweaning average daily gain. All resulted from changes in the magnitude of breed of sire differences, not from changes in sire rankings. Key words: Cattle, breeds, cross breeding, growth

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Yuangklang, C., K. Vasupen, S. Wongsuthav, P. Panyakaew, A. Alhaidary, H. E. Mohamed, and A. C. Beynen. "Growth Performance in Beef Cattle Fed Rations Containing Dried Tomato Pomace." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9, no. 17 (December 1, 2010): 2261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.2261.2264.

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42

Ge, C., J. Jia, S. Gao, Q. Huang, F. Li, and M. Jois. "Feeding a natural plant extract affects growth performance in beef cattle." Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 16, Suppl. 2 (September 17, 2007): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/74612/2007.

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43

Mostari, MP, MYA Khan, BK Roy, SMJ Hossain, and KS Huque. "Growth performance of yearling F1 progeny of different crossbred beef cattle." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 46, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v46i2.34433.

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Bangladesh has a great demand of beef but it has been facing demand and supply mismatches due to insufficient production and supply of beef, low carcass yield of native cattle and recent no-cattle export policy of a long bordered neighboring country. Thus, the present work was undertaken with an objective to develop market beef cattle of average >150 Kg carcass weight by 24 months with an average FCR of <6.50 under on farm feeding and management condition. Aiming at developing breeding bulls the native dams of BCB-1 (BLRI Cattle Breed 1) were inseminated with the imported frozen semen of Brahman, Simmental, Charolais and Limousin. The crossbred progeny of different assorted F1 genotypes were being selected and their production and breeding performance were evaluated and compared with BCB-1. All pregnant (> 6 months of gestation period) cows were in pre-natal care, and all calves were raised in a single plane of nutrition and management. All crossbred progeny performed better than BCB-1 in terms of live weights and average daily gains. Among the crossbreds, Charolais×BCB-1 had the highest (p<0.001) birth weight (27.5±1.52 kg) followed by Brahman×BCB-1 (24.1±1.23), Simmental×BCB-1 (21.9±1.78), Limousin×BCB-1 (19.8±1.39) and BCB-1×BCB-1 (18.4±1.09), and the genotypes differences were highly significant (p<0.001). In average growth curve, Simmental cross grew faster followed by Charolais, Limousin, Brahman crosses and purebred BCB-1. The genotype×environment interaction was only observed in birth weight. Purebred BCB-1 had the lowest daily DM intake and showed the lowest FCR in all ages compare to other crosses. Calf scour and alopecia occurred in all genotypes. In this breeding program, calf mortality was found as 5.26%. Simmental×BCB-1 is performing as the best among the five genotypes in terms of growth up to 12 month of age.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (2): 82-87

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Smith, Zachary K., and Bradley J. Johnson. "Mechanisms of steroidal implants to improve beef cattle growth: a review." Journal of Applied Animal Research 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2020.1751642.

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45

Sedykh, T. A., R. S. Gizatullin, I. Yu Dolmatova, I. V. Gusev, and L. A. Kalashnikova. "GROWTH HORMONE GENE POLYMORPHISM IN RELATION TO BEEF CATTLE CARCASS QUALITY." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 2 (2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-2627-2020-2-53-57.

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Garcia, F., R. D. Sainz, J. Agabriel, L. G. Barioni, and J. W. Oltjen. "Comparative analysis of two dynamic mechanistic models of beef cattle growth." Animal Feed Science and Technology 143, no. 1-4 (May 2008): 220–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.012.

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Zhuang, Zhanwei, Lingyang Xu, Jie Yang, Huijiang Gao, Lupei Zhang, Xue Gao, Junya Li, and Bo Zhu. "Weighted Single-Step Genome-Wide Association Study for Growth Traits in Chinese Simmental Beef Cattle." Genes 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020189.

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Improving the genetic process of growth traits is one of the major goals in the beef cattle industry, as it can increase meat production and reduce the cost of raising animals. Although several quantitative trait loci affecting growth traits in beef cattle have been identified, the genetic architecture of these economically important traits remains elusive. This study aims to map single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with birth weight (BW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain from birth to yearling (BYADG), and body weight at the age of 18 months (18MW) in a Chinese Simmental beef cattle population using a weighted, single-step, genome-wide association study (wssGWAS). Phenotypic and pedigree data from 6022 animals and genotypes from 744 animals (596,297 SNPs) were used for an association analysis. The results showed that 66 genomic windows explained 1.01–20.15% of the genetic variance for the four examined traits, together with the genes near the top SNP within each window. Furthermore, the identified genomic windows (>1%) explained 50.56%, 57.71%, 61.78%, and 37.82% of the genetic variances for BW, YW, BYADG, and 18MW, respectively. Genes with potential functions in muscle development and regulation of cell growth were highlighted as candidates for growth traits in Simmental cattle (SQOR and TBCB for BW, MYH10 for YW, RLF for BYADG, and ARHGAP31 for 18MW). Moreover, we found 40 SNPs that had not previously been identified as being associated with growth traits in cattle. These findings will further advance our understanding of the genetic basis for growth traits and will be useful for the molecular breeding of BW, YW, BYADG, and 18MW in the context of genomic selection in beef cattle.

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Browne, E. M., M. J. Bryant, D. E. Beever, and A. V. Fisher. "Intake, growth rate and carcass quality of beef cattle fed forage mixtures of grass silage and maize silage." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200000739.

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Replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diets of finishing beef cattle can improve DM intake and performance even when starch content of the maize silage is low (McCabe, O'Mara and Caffery, 1995). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the response of beef cattle fed diets containing different proportions of maize silage and grass silage with the same level of concentrate supplementation.

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49

Keane, M. G., G. J. More O’ Ferrall, and J. Connolly. "Growth of carcass joints and tissues in steers of three breed types fed two dietary energy levels." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017979.

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Factors which affect the carcass composition of beef cattle include breed type, plane of nutrition and slaughter weight. With increasing weight, the relative proportions of the carcass joints and tissues change and if these changes were known or could be predicted then cattle could be slaughtered at the desired carcass composition. Dairy bred calves for beef production can be classified into three breed categories -straightbred Friesians, early maturing beef breed x Friesians and late maturing beef breed x Friesians. The objectives of the present study were to compare the changes in carcass composition associated with changes in slaughter weight in Friesian (FF), Hereford x Friesian (HF) and Charolais x Friesian (CF) steers and to determine the effects of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) content.

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Rochmi, Siti Eliana, Retno Sri Wahjuni, and Miyayu Soneta Sofyan. "BOLUS TEMULAWAK IMPLEMENTATION ON BEEF CATTLE IN SELOGABUS VILLAGE, PARENGAN, TUBAN REGENCY." Darmabakti Cendekia: Journal of Community Service and Engagements 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/dc.v3.i1.2021.24-28.

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Background: The beef cattle farming in Tuban area is mostly on a small scale and traditionally maintained. In general, the nutritional adequacy of the animal feed provided is not optimal, while the potential for livestock in the area is quite large. There are still few breeders who provide concentrates on the grounds that the high costs incurred so that the weight growth of beef cattle is still not optimal. Bolus Temulawak is an animal feed substitute for concentrate with temulawak as an additive. Objective: This activity aims to strengthen the economy of beef cattle farmers through the introduction, dissemination, and transfer of temulawak bolus technology as an alternative feed with sufficient nutritional value for beef cattle so that daily weight gain can be maximized. Methods: This activity held towards community empowerment such as coaching related to feed and livestock health by FGD (Focus Group Discussion) followed by training on making Bolus Temulawak and application of Bolus Temulawak to beef cattle. Evaluation of this activity is pre and post test of community service participants, as well as body weight measurement of beef cattle before and after being given Bolus Temulawak. Results: The results of this community service are an increase in daily body weight of beef cattle, as well as an increase in the knowledge and skills of community service participants. Conclusion: Community service activities have a positive impact on the development of beef cattle farms in partner areas.

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