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Journal articles on the topic 'Beef cattle – Feeding and feeds'
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1
Baran, Murat Sedat, Selçuk Altaçli, Oktay Kaplan, and Suphi Deniz. "The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 7 (July 23, 2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.832-835.1226.
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There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region’s animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low.
2
Marsh, S. P., S. L. Edmond, and M. Witt. "Comparison of pressed sugar beet pulp ensiled with dried maize distillers grains against a ration based on barley and soya bean meal for fast finishing suckled beef bulls." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004956.
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Intensively finished beef cattle have traditionally been fed rations based on rolled mineralised barley with a protein supplement such as soya bean or rapeseed meal. Since feed accounts for 75-85% of the variable costs of intensive beef production systems (MLC 1999) the use of alternative feeds that have a lower cost per unit of energy are worthy of investigation. The objective of this trial was to evaluate feeding pressed sugar beet pulp ensiled with dried maize distillers grains (Praize, Trident Feeds) on the performance of fast finishing continental cross weaned suckled bulls.
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Marsh, S. P., and C. Rudden. "Processed urea treated whole-crop wheat (Alkalage) for finishing beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007729.
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Since feed accounts for 75-85% of the variable costs of beef production, the use of alternative feeds and high-energy forages that have a lower cost per unit of energy are worthy of investigation. The technique of harvesting cereals where the whole-crop is harvested at a dry matter (DM) content of 650-750g/kg with the harvester fitted with a grain processor has recently been developed. The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of feeding either adlibitum processed urea treated whole-crop wheat (Alkalage) or cereals on the performance of Continental cross beef cattle since there is no data on the performance of beef cattle fed Alkalage.
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Ja’afar-Furo, M. R., M. Y. Hamid, A. Y. Thlaffa, and A. Sulaiman. "Assessing resource utilisation in beef cattle feedlot system in Adamawa State, Nigeria." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, Volume 13, Issue 2 (June 2021): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.02.033.
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Abstract. This study assessed resource utilisation in beef cattle fattening units in Adamawa State, Nigeria, with the intent of highlighting some crucial areas that may require policy intervention for improvement. Purposive, multistage and random sampling methods were employed in selection of 270 beef cattle fatteners in the area studied. Structured questionnaire and group discussion were used in sourcing for data. The latter were analysed through descriptive statistics and efficiency methods of Data Enveloping Analysis (DEA). Results indicated that Sokoto gudali (72.60%) and Rahaji (20.00%) were the major cattle breeds adopted for fattening. While a total of 70.70% of fatteners fed bulls for a period of 4-6 months and in the open without shade (77.80%), the use of combination of crop residues and conventional feeds was the most popular (74.81%) in feeding stock in the State. Further, the most important resources were initial cost of bulls and cost of feeds with N169,056.00 and N10,559.00 per bull, respectively. Resources were found to be efficiently utilised within the beef cattle feedlot farms with Constant Return to Scale (CRS), Non-Increasing Return to Scale (NIRTS), Variable Return to Scale (VRS), Scale Efficiency (SE) and Return to Scale RTS) models mean scores of 84.44%, 84.44%, 91.48%, 84.74%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusively, it could be stated that indigenous breeds of Sokoto gudali and Rahaji were the main bulls used for fattening in the State, and a mixture of crop residues and conventional feeds was the popular plane of feeding stock, with most farms utilising resources efficiently. Stemming from the findings, soft credit facilities to accord fatteners afford initial off-setting cost of bulls and frequent extension services to same, for modernisation of beef cattle feedlot system are highly recommended.
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Steen, R. W. J. "A comparison of supplements to grass silage for beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200591613.
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Silage forms the basal diet during the winter months for the vast majority of beef cattle in the British Isles. There is currently a wide range of feedstuffs available as supplements to grass silage for beef cattle, many of these being by-products of the production of food for human consumption. The relative value of alternative feedstuffs as supplements to grass silage is dependent on the nature of the associative effects between each of the feedstuffs and the silage portion of the ration. Two experiments have been carried out to evaluate a range of by-product feedstuffs including maize gluten feed, citrus pulp, dark maize distillers grains and maize germ meal as supplements to grass silage and to compare their feeding values with those of barley and soyabean meal. As feeds such as maize gluten feed and citrus pulp have low tabulated metabolisable energy contents, the effects of adding protected fat to a low energy by-product feed to increase the energy content of the supplement was also examined.
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Steen, R. W. J. "A comparison of supplements to grass silage for beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029329.
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Silage forms the basal diet during the winter months for the vast majority of beef cattle in the British Isles. There is currently a wide range of feedstuffs available as supplements to grass silage for beef cattle, many of these being by-products of the production of food for human consumption. The relative value of alternative feedstuffs as supplements to grass silage is dependent on the nature of the associative effects between each of the feedstuffs and the silage portion of the ration. Two experiments have been carried out to evaluate a range of by-product feedstuffs including maize gluten feed, citrus pulp, dark maize distillers grains and maize germ meal as supplements to grass silage and to compare their feeding values with those of barley and soyabean meal. As feeds such as maize gluten feed and citrus pulp have low tabulated metabolisable energy contents, the effects of adding protected fat to a low energy by-product feed to increase the energy content of the supplement was also examined.
7
Moote, Paul E., John S. Church, Karen S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, and Jonathan D. Van Hamme. "Effect of Fermented Winery By-Product Supplemented Rations on the Temperament and Meat Quality of Angus-Hereford X Steers During Feeding in a British Columbia Feedlot." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 6 (August 20, 2014): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n6p124.
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<p class="OJAS-Paragraph-text">Novel value-added beef products provide improved product differentiation within the beef marketplace. This study evaluated the impacts of supplementing feeds with fermented winery by-products (WB) to produce the novel beef product labeled by industry as “wine-finished beef”. To evaluate the impact of this feed, a total of 69 Angus-Hereford X steers were placed in four pens (n=18,17,17,17), one replicate pen per treatment, and fed finishing rations containing equal amounts of either 6-7% WB or 6-7% water (Control; C) over a 143 day feeding period. Dietary treatments were not significantly different with respect to energy or chemical contents (<em>P </em>> 0.05). Interestingly, the average daily gains (ADG; kg*d<sup>-1</sup>) of cattle did not differ between diets (<em>P </em>> 0.05); however, the ADG of all beef cattle changed over the feeding period (<em>P </em>< 0.0041). Cattle temperament, evaluated by measuring their flight speed, changed over time (<em>P</em> = 0.0097), but not between diets (<em>P </em>= 0.6938). Meat quality attributes including chemical, colour, and tenderness properties did not differ (<em>P </em>> 0.05) between diets with the exception of ground steak, which was darker (<em>P </em>= 0.0477) in cattle fed WB compared to C supplemented feeds, respectively. Supplementing cattle feeds with WB provides a new marketing stream for beef products with no observed differences to cattle behaviour, animal gains or meat tenderness.</p>
8
Estaún, J., J. Dosil, A. Al Alami, A. Gimeno, and A. de Vega. "Effects of including olive cake in the diet on performance and rumen function of beef cattle." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14352.
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Beef meat in many Mediterranean countries is produced by feeding the animals with high proportions of concentrates and barley straw. In these conditions, feeding costs are high and compromise the profitability of feedlots. Mediterranean countries are also major producers of olive oil, and the processing of this product generates a large quantity of co-products with a high environmental impact. No data appear available in the literature about the effects of including olive by-products in the diet of beef cattle on animal performance. A pen-feeding study was carried out during two growing phases: from 100 to 250 kg (12 weeks), and from 250 to 450 kg (18 weeks). During the first phase 120 steers (mostly Friesian, with an average age of 129 ± 1.1 days) were distributed in six groups of 20 animals each. Two groups were assigned to one of each of the following treatments: a control compound feed based on barley, control with 10% dry matter (DM) substituted by second-extraction pitted and dehydrated olive cake, and control with 20% DM substituted by olive cake. Compound feeds of this first phase were formulated to contain 16–17% crude protein, and were offered ad libitum to the animals. Barley straw was offered as a roughage source. Animals were weighed every 3 weeks, and a digestibility trial was carried out in the middle of the period with four animals per treatment. During the second phase, compound feeds were formulated to contain 14.5–15% crude protein. Rumen fermentation was studied using six steers and the feeds employed in the second growing phase, following a crossover design with two periods. Concentrates were offered once daily allowing at least 10% refusals. Barley straw was also offered as a source of roughage. For each period of the crossover, 15 days were allowed for adaptation to the experimental diets. Samples of rumen liquid were taken at 0 (just before), 4 and 8 h after feeding. The pH, and concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were determined. Inclusion of up to 20% second-extraction pitted and dehydrated olive cake (DM basis) in the diet did not affect performance of beef steers for the whole growth period. Inclusion of those ingredients in the diet of these animals might be advisable depending on their market price.
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Wahyudi, Sutawi Ahmad, Asmah Hidayati, Listiari Hendraningsih, Indah Prihartini, Wehandaka Pancapalaga, and Bayu Etti Tri Adiyastiti. "THE FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF BEEF COW-CALF ON SMALLSCALE FARMS: A SURVEY IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE OF INDONESIA." International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 08, no. 01 (2022): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2022.8109.
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Beef cattle are the third commodity (6.16%) in providing meat for consumption of the Indonesians. East Java province is the centre of the largest beef cattle population in Indonesia. The management of calf feed is one of the critical points in the production of beef cattle. This study aims to assess the feeding management of beef cow-calf from birth to post-weaning in small-scale beef cattle farms in East Java Province. The survey was conducted on one group of beef cattle farmers (40-60 farmers) in each regency/municipality as many as 475 farmers. Data analysis is carried out descriptively about the activities of the management of cow feeding. The results of the survey of feeding management of beef cow-calf in East Java Province showed that: (1) Management of newborn calf in the condition "Good Enough", (2) Management of colostrum feeding in the condition "Good Enough", (3) Management of milk, milk replace and calf starter feeding in the condition "Bad", (4) Management of forage feeding in the condition "Good", (5) Management of feeding at post-weaning in the condition of "Good", (6) Management of feeding aged 6-12 months in the condition of "Good Enough", and (7) Overall the management of feeding calves from birth to post-weaning in the condition "Good".
10
Marsh, S. P., W. A. J. Carr, and M. Witt. "Effect of feeding soya-bean meal or distillers grains on the performance of silage fed beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007754.
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Extracted soya-bean meal is used by many beef producers in the UK as a protein source for cattle. A number of farm assurance schemes and abattoirs now prohibit the use of this feedstuff due to the possible inclusion of genetically modified material. Organic production standards prohibit the feeding of solvent extracted feeding stuffs. Therefore, there is a requirement to evaluate alternative traceable protein sources for beef cattle. The objective of this trial was to determine the effect on cattle performance of feeding sugar beet feed with distillers grains or soya-bean meal to beef cattle on a silage based system.
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Keady, T. W. J., and D. J. Kilpatrick. "The effects of grain storage and processing method and level of feeding on the performance of finishing beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009169.
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Traditionally cereals have been dried or treated with propionic acid and processed prior to feeding to finishing beef cattle. However this process is labour intensive, particularly as it involves rolling or milling the grain prior to feeding. Currently labour is an expensive and scarce resource on many beef units. Recently new techniques have been developed for storing and feeding grain to beef cattle which reduce the need to process grain immediately prior to feeding. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of grain storage and processing method, and grain feed level on performance of beef cattle offered two contrasting feed value grass silages.
12
Carvalho, Pedro H. V., Tara L. Felix, and Jerad Jaborek. "233 Feeding and Managing Dairy Cattle Genetics for Beef." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.187.
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Abstract The contribution of dairy steers to the U.S. fed beef supply has increased over the last 2 decades. In part, due to declining beef cow numbers and increased use of sexed dairy semen to produce genetically superior replacement heifers from the best dairy cows in the herd. Raising dairy cattle for beef production offers unique opportunities and challenges when compared with feeding native beef cattle. Dairy steers offer predictable and uniform feedlot performance (ADG, DMI, G:F) as a group, and improved quality grades compared with their native beef counterparts. However, dairy steers yield less red meat compared with native beef cattle due to a greater ratio of bone to muscle, internal fat, organ size, and gastrointestinal tract weight. Dairy steers present carcass size problems in the beef packing industry, with Holstein carcasses being too long and Jersey carcasses being light weight. Beef × dairy crossbreeding strategies are being implemented on some dairy farms to increase the income generated from bull calves and to improve the feed efficiency and yield of beef produced from the U.S. dairy herd. This new model of beef production from the dairy herd is not without its challenges. Early beef × dairy crossbreeding efforts have demonstrated variable results. Successful adoption of beef × dairy crossbreeding in the cattle industry will depend on the proper selection of beef sires that excel in calving ease, growth, muscling, and marbling traits to complement the challenges realized with dairy genetics involved in beef production.
13
Marsh, S. P., and S. T. Brown. "Effect of feeding a compound feed with a low starch content on the performance of intensively fed beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020305.
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The performance of Holstein Friesian bulls on commercial beef farms is highly variable and, on average, falls well short of the generally accepted cereal beef target of a minimum 260kg carcase at around a year old from cattle gaining at least 1.15kg per day from birth to slaughter (Allen and Browne 2005). The carcase weights and daily liveweight gains (DLWG) recorded by bottom 1/3rd and top 1/3rd commercial producers were 266kg and 0.95kg, and 299kg and 1.15kg respectively. It was suggested that many producers restricted concentrate feeds for at least part of the feeding period and included forage, including grazing in some cases. The formulation of the ration fed to the bulls could also have influenced performance. There is limited data on the optimum quantity of starch to include in a ration for intensively fed beef cattle The objective of this experiment was therefore to determine the effect of feeding compounds containing either a high or low level of starch to intensively reared Holstein Friesian bulls.
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Chen, J. Q., E. K. Okine, M. A. Price, and G. R. Khorasani. "Feeding value of peas for backgrounding beef heifers." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-010.
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Four diets in which peas progressively replaced barley [0% (0P), 30% (30P), 50% (50P), and 100% peas (100P)] and one in which canola meal (CM) replaced 10% of the barley, were fed to 90 beef heifers (initial weight 215.8 ± 13.8 kg). The heifers achieved average daily gains (ADGs) of 0.72, 0.80, 0.79, 0.83, and 0.76 kg d-1 on the five diets, respectively, with the difference between the 0P group and the 100P group being significant (P = 0.028). The total feed costs of gain were $0.786, 0.779, 0.799, 0.860, and 0.817 kg-1 for the five groups, respectively, with the cost of gain being significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the 100P group than for the 0P, 30P or 50P groups. The latter three were not significantly different from each other. Three rumen-cannulated steers (575 ± 56.3 kg) were used to estimate the degradability of the dry matter (DM) and N in the barley straw (BS), CM, barley grain (BG) and peas used in the feeding trial. The rumen undegradable protein (RUP) levels supplied by the five diets were 17.5, 19.0, 19.9, 21.5, and 22.5%, respectively, and all of them met the requirements of these cattle. The RUP content of peas ground through a 1-mm screen was lower than that of peas ground through 2- or 4-mm screens (P < 0.01), which were themselves not significantly different from each other (P = 0.67). The low RUP content of peas was not a limiting factor for growth in backgrounding cattle. Key words: Cattle, field peas, dry matter intake, feed conversion efficiency, rumen me
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Jacob, R. H., V. S. M. Surridge, D. T. Beatty, G. E. Gardner, and R. D. Warner. "Grain feeding increases core body temperature of beef cattle." Animal Production Science 54, no. 4 (2014): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13463.
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The core body temperature and post slaughter loin temperatures of steers fed on grass pasture was compared with those of steers fed a grain-based feedlot diet. The feeding treatments were grass for 300 days (Grass), grass for 150 days then feedlot for 150 days (Short Feedlot) and feedlot for 300 days (Long Feedlot). Temperature telemeters were inserted under the peritoneum of the steers and temperature measured at intervals of 1 h for the 300 days, and then at intervals of 1 min for the 48-h period before slaughter. The pH and temperature decline post mortem was also measured. The carcasses of the feedlot steers were heavier and fatter than those from the Grass-fed steers. The core body temperature of the steers from the feedlot treatments was 0.3–0.4°C higher than for the Grass treatment at the time of slaughter. The loin temperature was higher in the feedlot treatments than the Grass treatment at all times measured post mortem as was the temperature at pH 6. Feedlotting can increase the likelihood of ‘high rigor temperature’ conditions of high temperature and low pH occurring in beef carcasses, due to an increase in core body temperature before slaughter, a decrease in the rate of cooling and an increase in the rate of pH decline post mortem. These effects are possibly due to a combination of a direct effect of feed type on body temperature as well as indirect effects on bodyweight and condition score.
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Lively, F. O., T. W. J. Keady, B. W. Moss, and D. J. Kilpatrick. "The effects of grain storage and processing method and level of feeding on the meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620001084x.
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Feed is a major cost in beef production during the winter feeding period. One potential method of reducing cost is to purchase grain at harvest. However, grain must be processed either by rolling or milling prior to feeding and this is a labour intensive process. Currently labour is an expensive and scare resource on many beef units. Recently different techniques have been developed for storing and feeding grain to beef cattle, which involve the processing of the grain prior to storage. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of grain storage and processing method, and grain feed level on the meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages.
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Sidorova, V. Yu, E. B. Petrov, and N. N. Novikov. "Application of digital models for improvement of beef cattle feeding graphs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 60, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-4-380-393.
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The beef cattle breeding development is one of the strategic directions for the livestock development in Russia and the CIS countries, including the Republic of Belarus. The livestock fattening most important point is minimizing the costs. Studies have shown that the animals’ greatest body weight 900 kg had had adult culled cattle over a period of 120 days, as well as heifers with calving on pasture during the 30-month fattening. During 28-month fattening of suckling steers at pasture housing, the amount of feed energy unit per day turned out to be the smallest among technologies with the largest number of fattening periods, and amounted to 29.3 at animals fattening during five periods of pasture housing versus 39.7 in two periods of intensive grain fattening: 1 day of pasture housing costs 3.5 versus 12.5 feed energy unit in other periods. In young animals raised on suckling, the best average body weight was equal to 720 kg, but weaning calves showed 710 kg. The feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain were equal to 0.04, 0.10 and 0.09 respectively, i. e. the smallest amount of feed was spent for suckling young animals’ fattening, and the largest – for weaning calves. Efficiency of fattening in rubles made 21.0, 56.4 and 48.0 rubles per 1 kg of weight gain, respectively, or in terms of 1 period of fattening of grown animals – 56.4 rubles, young animals raised at suckling – 6.8, and weaning calves – 19.2. The obtained data allows, through the biological methods and mathematical models individual for each group of cattle at fattening, to obtain optimal weight gain with minimized feed costs.
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Knee, B. W., L. J. Cummins, P. J. Walker, G. A. Kearney, and R. D. Warner. "Reducing dark-cutting in pasture-fed beef steers by high-energy supplementation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 11 (2007): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05362.
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Dark-cutting in muscles of the beef carcass is due to low muscle glycogen levels at slaughter and occurs particularly in autumn and winter in grass-fed cattle in southern Australia. The aim of these experiments was to investigate the effect of supplementary feeding of cattle grazing pasture during winter on muscle glycogen levels. The first experiment involved 70 cattle allocated to two stocking rates grazing improved perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover pastures [high stocking rate (HSR) v. low stocking rate (LSR)] by two pasture feeding regimes (control, pasture only v. pasture supplemented with a high-energy ration for 4 weeks) plus a feedlot treatment (fed high-energy ration in pens with no pasture for 11 weeks). Muscle biopsies were collected from the M. semitendinosus (ST) and M. semimembranosus (SM) muscles and analysed for muscle glycogen. The ST muscle glycogen content for supplemented animals increased (P < 0.05) over the feeding period but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of supplementation on the muscle glycogen content of the SM or on the muscle glycogen content of the ST or SM of cattle in the feedlot treatment, relative to control cattle. HSR cattle tended to have lower muscle glycogen in the ST compared to LSR cattle across both feeding regimes. The second experiment used 60 cattle allocated to two treatments (control, pasture only v. pasture supplemented with a high-energy ration for 3 weeks). The treatments were applied to cattle grazing improved perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover pastures and muscle biopsies were collected weekly from the SM and ST. Supplementation resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in muscle glycogen levels over the 3 weeks in both the SM and ST muscles. These results indicate that feed quality has a major impact on muscle glycogen levels in the SM and ST of cattle destined for slaughter. At times of the year when pasture quality is poor or quantity is lacking, supplementation with a high-energy supplement has the potential to dramatically increase muscle glycogen and reduce the incidence of dark-cutting beef.
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Chapple, D. G., H. F. Grundy, K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "The effect of feeding a dried yeast culture on the performance of beef cattle finishing on a grass silage based ration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597269.
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There is increasing consumer resistance to feeding antibiotic performance enhancers to beef cattle which has created interest in the use of yeast cultures as an alternative. Yeast cultures such as Diamond V ‘XP’ (Rumenco) are produced by growing selected yeast strains (on a semi-solid medium under stressed conditions) which are then dried. Yeast cultures are now used in a considerable number of North American beef feed lots. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding ‘XP’ Yeast to finishing beef cattle on a typical UK grass silage-based diet.
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Chapple, D. G., H. F. Grundy, K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "The effect of feeding a dried yeast culture on the performance of beef cattle finishing on a grass silage based ration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032876.
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There is increasing consumer resistance to feeding antibiotic performance enhancers to beef cattle which has created interest in the use of yeast cultures as an alternative. Yeast cultures such as Diamond V ‘XP’ (Rumenco) are produced by growing selected yeast strains (on a semi-solid medium under stressed conditions) which are then dried. Yeast cultures are now used in a considerable number of North American beef feed lots. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding ‘XP’ Yeast to finishing beef cattle on a typical UK grass silage-based diet.
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Grossi, Silvia, Valentina Massa, Andrea Giorgino, Luciana Rossi, Matteo Dell’Anno, Luciano Pinotti, Filippo Avidano, Riccardo Compiani, and Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. "Feeding Bakery Former Foodstuffs and Wheat Distiller’s as Partial Replacement for Corn and Soybean Enhances the Environmental Sustainability and Circularity of Beef Cattle Farming." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 4908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14094908.
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The effects of the partial substitution of corn and soybean meals with bakery former foodstuffs (BFF) and wheat wet distiller’s grains (WDGs) on environmental sustainability, production performance, and health status were evaluated in beef cattle. Newly arrived Limousine beef heifers (n = 408) housed an intensive farm in Campagnatico (Grosseto, Italy) were balanced for initial weight and body conformation and then randomly divided in two groups: (i) Traditional corn–soybean meal diet; (ii) Circular diet with average as-fed 1.5 kg BFF and 1.5 kg WDGs as substitute for 1.6 kg corn and 0.3 kg soybean meal. The environmental impact of the diet was analyzed considering greenhouse gases emissions (GHG, kg CO2 eq), water (H2O, L), and land use (LU, m2) as well as consumption of human-edible feeds (HE, kg). The growth performance, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics, apparent total tract digestibility (aTTD), and health status of heifers were evaluated. The Circular diet led to a reduction per kg of cold carcass weight (CCW) of 1.00 kg CO2 eq of GHG, 72.38 L of H2O, 1.20 m2 of LU, and 0.95 kg of HE (p < 0.0001). Growth performances, carcass characteristics, and health status were not affected (p > 0.05). Sugar and pectin aTTD were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in the Circular group. Replacing traditional feed ingredients with BFF and WDGs reduced the environmental impact of the diet of fattening Limousine heifers and the food competition between humans and beef cattle in accordance with circular economy principles.
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Beauchemin, K. A., D. R. C. Bailey, T. A. McAllister, and K. J. Cheng. "Lignosulfonate-treated canola meal for nursing beef calves." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-084.
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A study was conducted to determine the effects of lignosulfonate and heat treatment of canola meal on protein degradability, and to evaluate whether feeding treated canola meal to nursing beef calves enhances preweaning growth. Four supplements were formulated to contain 31% crude protein (CP) using either: (1) untreated canola meal (UTC), (2) heat-treated canola meal (HTC; 100 °C for 1 h), (3) lignosulfonate-treated canola meal (LTC; 5% calcium lignosulfonate and 100 °C for 1 h), or (4) corn distillers' dried grains (DDG). Degradability of canola meal CP was reduced significantly from 55.1% (measured in sacco) to 43.2% by heat, and to 26.7% by lignosulfonate treatment. One hundred and three nursing crossbred calves were given access to either no supplement (control) or one of the four supplements. Weight gain (kg d−1) increased (P < 0.05) from 0.90 for the control to 1.05 for calves fed DDG, and further increased (P < 0.05) to 1.16, 1.16 and 1.18 for calves fed UTC, HTC, and LTC, respectively. Consequently, calves fed canola meal gained 30.8 kg more (P < 0.05) than those fed control, and 12.8 kg more (P < 0.05) than those fed DDG. The performance of suckling calves during the grazing season and body condition of their dams were enhanced by offering canola-based creep feeds. Although degradability of canola meal CP was substantially lowered by lignosulfonate treatment, calf performance was not further enhanced by feeding treated canola meal. Key words: Beef cattle, creep feeding, canola meal, lignosulfonate, heat-treatment, distillers' dried grains, protein degradability
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Hemsley, C. L., P. Rowlinson, and M. Ellis. "Grape juice concentrate as a feed for beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600016445.
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Wine production within the EEC has been increasing continuously over the past decade,creating a surplus which has been handled either by storage as wine or concentrated grape Juice, or by the distillation of wine to higher strength alcohol. As a possible alternative outlet, it has been proposed that grape juice concentrate (GJC) be used as a component of animal feed systems.The dry matter (DM) of GJC averages 630 g/kg, with a sugar content of 920 g/kg DM of which approximately equal proportions are fructose and glucose. The protein content averages only 10g/kgDMTo investigate the feasibility of utilising GJC in the diet of beef cattle a production trial tas planned, using information on voluntary intakes of GJC and total dry matter intakes (DMI) obtained in a preliminary cattle feeding study.
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Wardal, Witold Jan, Kamila Ewelina Mazur, Kamil Roman, Michał Roman, and Marcin Majchrzak. "Assessment of Cumulative Energy Needs for Chosen Technologies of Cattle Feeding in Barns with Conventional (CFS) and Automated Feeding Systems (AFS)." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 8584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248584.
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The increasing popularity of automated systems and the increased market share of producers of robotic feeding equipment for cows causes the need for a deeper study of energy demand in such technologies. This article provides an analysis of the inputs of energy accumulated in conventional (CFS) and automated feeding systems (AFS) for cattle. The aim of this is to determine the impact of robotic technologies for the preparation and feeding of fodder on the cumulative energy inputs. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of machinery and the equipment applied to the cumulative energy intensity in cattle farming facilities. The cumulative energy consumption for four technologies of automated cattle feeding (AFS) was tested and compared to the energy consumption for six technologies with a conventional feeding system (CFS). The research involved nine cow barn facilities for dairy cows and one for beef cattle. An evaluation has been made for cattle farming structures (milk and meat production) with various mixing and feeding systems for feeds of various concentrations, and keeping system (tied system and free-stall). The cow barns differed in feed mixing, feeding machinery, and equipment. Measurements of live labor inputs and the consumption of electric and mechanical energy carriers were carried out, and the mass of various types of machines and devices with software was taken into account, which became the basis for calculating cumulative energy consumption for individual technologies. The obtained average of electric and mechanical energy inputs for robotic technologies of feeding fodder (AFS) was 0.60025 kWh∙day−1∙LU−1(where LU means Large Animal Unit 500 kg), and it was 39.3% lower than for conventional technologies (CFS) where it was 0.989052 kWh∙day−1∙LU−1. However, taking into account all components of cumulative energy consumption, the average for the group of robotic technologies (AFS) was higher by 35.18% than for conventional technologies (CFS).
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Burrow, Heather. "Strategies for Increasing Beef Cattle Production under Dryland Farming Systems." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 29, no. 4 (December 7, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v29i4.2452.
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Integrated cattle and dryland farming systems in Indonesia use a range of crop residues and by products to feed cattle through intensive and extensive production systems. Intensive systems use stalls to house cattle and cut and carry feeding systems, primarily for fattening cattle. Under extensive systems, cattle are free‐grazing,and the systems apply only where greater land areas exist and they are used for breeding and fattening cattle. This paper therefore specifically focuses on the opportunities that exist to improve beef production in dryland farming systems in Indonesia. The best strategies for smallholder farmers in Indonesia to improve beef production require farmers to focus on profitability and use proven management strategies, including a) using adapted cattle breeds resistant/tolerant to environmental stressor, b) understanding the market preference; c) managing cattle breeding herds based on rainfall patterns, d) keeping good records on all aspects of breeding and fattening activities and e) adjusting stocking rates in extensive system to match the carrying capacity of the land.
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Supapong, Chanadol, Sukruthai Sommai, Benjamad Khonkhaeng, Chanon Suntara, Rittikeard Prachumchai, Kampanat Phesatcha, Pin Chanjula, and Anusorn Cherdthong. "Effect of Rhodanese Enzyme Addition on Rumen Fermentation, Cyanide Concentration, and Feed Utilization in Beef Cattle Receiving Various Levels of Fresh Cassava Root." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (March 27, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040146.
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Fresh cassava root is not recommended for animal feeding due to high quantities of hydrocyanic acid (HCN), which produces symptoms of poisoning. The purpose of this study was to find out how a rhodanese enzyme addition affects rumen fermentation, HCN content, feed utilization, and blood metabolites in beef calves fed fresh cassava root. Four Thai native beef cattle with an initial body weight (BW) of 95 ± 10.0 kg (1–1.5 years old) were randomly allocated to receive fresh cassava root containing HCN at 0, 300, 450, and 600 ppm according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Rice straw was the basal diet. The rhodanese enzyme was combined with concentrated feeds at a concentration of 1 mg/104 ppm HCN. The fresh cassava root was cleaned to remove dirt and chopped into 3 to 5 mm sized pieces before being fed to the animals at their various levels. The total feed intake of beef cattle increased when fed with fresh cassava root (p < 0.05). The digestibility of crude protein (CP) was different among various fresh cassava root levels (p < 0.05). Ruminal ammonia-N levels were measured 4 hours after feeding, and the average concentration declined considerably in animals fed fresh cassava root at 300–600 ppm HCN (p < 0.05). Cyanide concentration in the rumen was linearly increased by 270.6% (p < 0.05) when it was supplemented with a high level of fresh cassava root. Blood urea-N concentration was altered and decreased when supplemented with fresh cassava root (p < 0.01). The blood thiocyanate concentration was altered by the levels of fresh cassava root and rhodanese enzyme, which ranged from 4.1 to 27.9 mg/dL (p < 0.01). Cattle given fresh cassava root showed no influence on total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid, or butyric acid concentrations in the rumen (p > 0.05). However, the concentration of propionic acid increased slightly (p < 0.05) 4 hours after feeding. Supplementing fresh cassava root up to 600 ppm HCN/day improved N absorption, retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake (p < 0.05). Therefore, increasing the inclusion of fresh cassava root with a rhodanese enzyme addition improves total feed intake, CP digestibility, nitrogen utilization, blood thiocyanate, and propionate concentrations, which may remove HCN without harming animal health.
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LEWIS, KAREN E., ANDREW P. GRIFFITH, CHRISTOPHER N. BOYER, and JUSTIN RHINEHART. "DOES PREPARTUM SUPPLEMENTAL FEED IMPACT BEEF CATTLE PROFITABILITY THROUGH FINISHING?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 48, no. 2 (May 2016): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.9.
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AbstractLittle is known about the impact of a supplemental prepartum feed ration for cows on the profitability of their calves. Therefore, we investigated the impact of animal characteristics and a supplemental prepartum feed program for cows on net returns to finished steers and the probability of a steer grading Choice or higher. Data were collected for 160 Tennessee steers that were finished in a feedlot. The supplemental prepartum feeding program decreased net returns of finished steers. Several animal characteristics were found to influence net returns of finished steers and the probability of a steer grading Choice or higher.
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Beak, Seok-Hyeon, InHyuk Jung, da Jin Sol Jung, Jinoh Lee, Do Hyun Kim, HyunJin Kim, Mohammad MalekKhahi, and Myunggi Baik. "PSXV-24 Effects of dietary beet pulp on growth performance, beef quality, rumen fermentation characteristics, and blood parameters in Korean cattle steers." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.596.
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Abstract We investigated the effects of feeding beet pulp (BP) instead of corn flake (CF) on growth performance, beef quality, ruminal fermentation, and blood parameters in Korean cattle steers. Eighteen Korean cattle steers (body weight, 732 ± 12.6 kg; age, 31.2 ± 0.16 months) were divided into the CF and BP groups. The approximately 92% of dry matter of the requirement was offered as a concentrate portion, and the 8% was offered as an oat straw. The 85% of concentrate portion was provided by the pelleted basal concentrate, and the remaining 15% with CF or BP for 12 weeks. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass traits were not affected by feeding BP. The proportion of ruminal iso-butyrate (P = 0.004), iso-valerate (P = 0.001), and valerate (P = 0.01) were lower in the BP group compared to the CF group. Blood glucose (P = 0.06) and non-esterified fatty acids (P = 0.09) concentrations tended to be higher in the BP group than in the CF group. The results suggest that BP could be a good energy source without affecting the growth performance and beef quality in Korean cattle steers.
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Johnson, Bradley J., and Zachary K. Smith. "219 Managing Beef Cattle Growth Amidst a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned from 2020 and Strategies for the Future." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.066.
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Abstract The coronavirus disease-19 related events of 2020 had severe detrimental effects on meat animal production in the United State. Due to harvest facility slowdowns and shutdowns, many market animals, including beef cattle, were on feed greater than 60 d past their optimal endpoint. These dramatic changes caused many changes in feeding and growth technologies management. The two major growth enhancing compounds used in feedlot cattle production are steroidal implants (IMP) and β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA). Implementation of β-AA during the pandemic was extremely difficult due to the lack of knowledge on exact shipping dates. The β-AA are fed the last 28 to 42 d on feed. Ractopamine was approved for cattle with essential a 12-h withdrawal. Many questions arose about the maximum length of withdrawal on ractopamine before losing any of the added growth response in both the live animal and carcass. Many feedlot operators relied on IMP administration to achieve added growth response in cattle held for longer days on feed. With zero-day withdrawal on implants, it was a cost-effective means to hold cattle in an efficient manner. Many producers simply could not manage β-AA feeding during the pandemic period and used other management technologies to enhance growth and efficiency during the end of the feeding period.
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MacLeod, N. D., S. Wen, and M. Hu. "An economic assessment of forage options to improve the profitability of smallholder beef cattle enterprises in the Red Soils region of China." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 11 (2007): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06052.
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Beef cattle numbers in the People’s Republic of China have expanded dramatically in the past two decades. Most of this enlarged herd is carried as small numbers of animals on smallholder farms whose production focus has traditionally been on cropping, with very limited emphasis on the planting and use of forages and nutritious feed supplements. Limited plantings of specialised forages combined with a poor knowledge of appropriate feeding and husbandry practices for beef cattle by smallholder farmers remains a serious challenge to establishing genuinely sustainable beef enterprises for this sector. Public policy to further raise the level of beef cattle production on smallholder farms is focussing on encouraging the planting and use of new forage species and also on promoting research and extension for improved feeding practices that are centred on these forage species. The paper presents some results from the economic component of an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project that is exploring options for integrating the planting and feeding of improved forages within existing smallholder farming systems in the Red Soils region of south-central China. An economic model is used to examine these options using a synthetic case example of a smallholder farm enterprise located in Hunan Province. The impact of changing values for several critical profit drivers are reviewed along with the implications of these findings for the management of cattle feeding systems on smallholder farms in the Red Soils region. The model results identify the potential for cattle rearing activities based on producing and feeding improved forages to increase the economic welfare of smallholder households. Where cattle rearing is based on diets of poor quality feedstuffs, economic returns are negative, although positive net cash incomes may support continued commitment of resources to this activity in the short-term.
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Salami, Saheed A., Colm A. Moran, Helen E. Warren, and Jules Taylor-Pickard. "A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Slow-Release Urea Supplementation on the Performance of Beef Cattle." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040657.
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Slow-release urea (SRU) is a coated non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for ruminant nutrition. This study applied a meta-analytic technique to quantify the effect of a commercial SRU (Optigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) on the performance of beef cattle. Data were extracted from 17 experiments and analysed using the random-effects model to estimate the effect size of SRU on dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein intake (CPI), live weight gain (LWG) and feed efficiency (FE) of growing and finishing beef cattle. There was no effect of feeding SRU on the overall DMI and CPI of beef cattle. Dietary inclusion of SRU improved the overall LWG (+92 g/d/head) and FE (+12 g LWG/kg DMI/head) of beef cattle. Notably, SRU supplementation in growing cattle exhibited a better improvement on LWG (130 vs. 60 g/d/head) and FE (18 vs. 8 g LWG/kg DMI/head) compared with finishing cattle. Moreover, SRU showed consistent improvements on the LWG and FE of beef cattle under several study factors. Simulation analysis indicated that positive effects of SRU on LWG and FE improved profitability through reduction in feed cost and reduced the emission intensity of beef production. These results indicate that SRU is a sustainable NPN solution in beef cattle production.
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Pires, Bianca V., Henrique G. Reolon, Natalya G. Abduch, Luana L. Souza, Leandro S. Sakamoto, Maria Eugênia Z. Mercadante, Rafael M. O. Silva, et al. "Effects of Feeding and Drinking Behavior on Performance and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 3196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223196.
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Feed and water efficiency are important traits to improve beef cattle production’s economic and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated residual feed intake (RFI) and residual water intake (RWI) and their relationship with performance, ingestive behavior, and carcass traits in Caracu beef cattle. The data were analyzed using a generalized linear model with least squares means. The ingestive behavior, performance, and carcass traits were influenced by sex (p < 0.05). Males showed higher dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), mid-test metabolic weight (BW0.75), rib eye area, and rump fat thickness than females, besides spending more time drinking and eating. Low RFI animals exhibited higher DMI than high RFI animals. Low RWI animals ingested 3.89 L/d of water further than high RWI animals. The interaction between sex and RWI influenced the DMI, BW0.75, and backfat thickness. The ingestive behavior of low and high RFI animals was similar, although high RWI animals visited a smaller number of drinkers than low RWI animals. Water intake positively affects productive efficiency, and the combined use of RWI and RFI may help improve the selection of more efficient animals contributing to reducing the costs of beef cattle production and improving environmental sustainability.
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Imaz, José A., Sergio García, and Luciano A. González. "Application of In-Paddock Technologies to Monitor Individual Self-Fed Supplement Intake and Liveweight in Beef Cattle." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010093.
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The aim of this study was to assess the ability of in-paddock technologies to capture individual variability of self-fed supplement intake (molasses-lick blocks, MLB), feeding behavior, and liveweight (LW) in grazing beef cattle. An electronic feeder (EF) and in-paddock walk-over-weighing system (WOW) were installed to measure, daily and simultaneously, individual MLB intake and LW. Cattle grazed (pastures and oat crops) and were fed (lucerne and oaten hay) during a 220 day trial. Over the entire period, we were able to quantify a large variability in MLB intake between individuals (p < 0.01; ranging from 0 to 194 g/hd per day). Liveweight change (p < 0.05, R = 0.44) and feeding behaviour (e.g., feeding frequency and duration, p < 0.01; R2 > 0.86) were positively correlated with MLB intake over the entire period but these correlations seemed to be affected by the type of feed. The intake of MLB seems to be explained by the individual behaviour of animals rather than the entire group. The use of in-paddock technologies enabled remote measurement of variability in supplement intake and cattle growth. The ability to monitor LW and feeding behavior of individual animals in a group could allow automatic individualized feeding of grazing cattle (amount and type of supplement) and managing low-performing animals under grazing conditions.
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Marandure, Tawanda, James Bennett, Kennedy Dzama, Lovemore C. Gwiriri, Noluvuyo Bangani, and Cletos Mapiye. "Envisioning more effective delivery of custom feeding programs using participatory approaches: Lessons from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019843135.
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In South Africa, livelihoods of smallholder cattle farmers are constrained by a lack of appropriate production knowledge, climate change, inadequate support services, societal inequity, irrelevant pro-poor policies and inappropriate delivery of improved livestock technologies. A transdisciplinary team of local and international researchers conducted a workshop to explore opportunities and constraints to the delivery of a beef cattle custom feeding programme in Eastern Cape Province using participatory approaches, including visioning exercises. The main challenges to the cattle custom feeding programme reported by producers included lack of cattle production skills, lack of technical knowledge on feed production, limited funding and inconsistent cattle feed delivery. Participants envisioned a portfolio of locally based solutions that included prioritization of local feed production, identification of sustainable support networks, establishment of a communal herd to cover feeding centre’s overhead costs and creation of a knowledge exchange platform for farmers. In addition, participants attempted to strengthen knowledge transfer among stakeholders through the development of an online site for knowledge exchange. Overall, the participatory approaches adopted empowered participants to freely express their opinions and openly share knowledge and experiences regarding common challenges and opportunities associated with delivery of a beef cattle custom feeding programme.
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Nabieva, Alsu, Sergey Khmelev, and Rail' Agliullin. "Development of beef cattle breeding in the Republic of Tatarstan." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-2-36-40.
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The objective possibility of increasing beef production due to the development of beef cattle breeding is determined by natural and economic factors, both in Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan, the presence of huge areas of natural forage lands and cultural pastures, which allow for full-fledged feeding of cattle throughout the calendar year with a full-fledged balanced feed diet. The material and technical production base in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan at this stage fully meets the requirements of technological approaches to expanding the number of beef breeds of cattle (cattle) in this region, both in large agricultural enterprises, farmers, households and individual agricultural entrepreneurs. At the present time, the Republic of Tatarstan clearly shows the trend of long-term development of the beef cattle industry. However, in the current situation, the main share of beef in the Republic of Tatarstan is produced by agricultural organizations and representatives of small agricultural businesses engaged in the breeding of dairy and meat cattle. In the context of the introduction of innovations in the organization of agricultural production, industrial crossing of dairy cows with purebred bulls of meat breeds is used as one of the directions for the growth of beef production.
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Devant, Maria, and Sonia Marti. "Strategies for Feeding Unweaned Dairy Beef Cattle to Improve Their Health." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101908.
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In order to answer the question of whether nutritional interventions may help to reduce the incidence of respiratory disease in dairy beef calves at arrival, the present review is divided in three sections. In the first section, the nutrition of calves previous to the arrival from the origin farm to the final rearing farm is reviewed. In the second section, the possible consequences of this previous nutrition on gut health and immune status upon arrival to the rearing farm are described. The main consequences of previous nutrition and management that these unweaned calves suffer at arrival are the negative energy balance, the increased intestinal permeability, the oxidative stress, the anemia, and the recovery feed consumption. Finally, in the third section, some considerations to advance in future nutritional strategies are suggested, which are focused on the prevention of the negative consequences of previous nutrition and the recovery of the gut and immune status. Moreover, additional suggestions are formulated that will be also helpful to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) that are not directly linked to nutrition like having a control golden standard in the studies or designing risk categories in order to classify calves as suitable or not to be transported.
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McGregor, E. M., C. P. Campbell, S. P. Miller, P. P. Purslow, and I. B. Mandell. "Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 3 (September 2012): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2011-126.
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McGregor, E M., Campbell, C. P., Miller, S. P., Purslow, P. P. and Mandell, I. B. 2012. Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 327–341. The effects of nutritional management regimen and breed on growth performance, carcass attributes, and meat quality were evaluated in 68 British (BRIT) and Continental (CONT) crossbred steers, managed on one of three nutritional regimens: (1) ad libitum access to a 77% corn diet (ALGRAIN), (2) limit feeding initially of the 77% corn diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFGRAIN), and (3) limit feeding initially of a 90% haylage diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFHAYL). Nutritional regimen by breed interactions (P<0.02) were present for average daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI), gain to feed, and shear force. LFHAYL regimen decreased gains to a greater extent for BRIT steers than CONT steers managed on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Feed intakes were similar across nutritional regimens for CONT steers, while DMI was depressed in BRIT on LFHAYL as compared with steers started on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Gain to feed was greater in BRIT cattle on LFGRAIN vs. ALGRAIN, while gain to feed was similar in CONT started on grain (ALGRAIN, LFGRAIN). Shear force was lower for beef from LFHAYL BRIT vs. beef from BRIT on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN, while the converse was true for CONT. Limit feeding of a high-energy diet may be appropriate for cattle of British background to reduce feed input costs, while ensuring tenderness.
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Lewis, M., and B. G. Lowman. "Nutrition and Production – the Scientist." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009042.
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Reducing costs for unit output, be it per kg liveweight gain, per kg carcass gain or per kg saleable meat yield will be essential for the future of the UK beef industry. Traditionally emphasis has been placed on reducing feed costs per unit output and data from MLC’s Beefplan shows that between 65 – 82% of the variable cost of UK beef systems are accounted for by feed costs. However, with fixed costs being similar to total variable costs, it is also important to reduce the labour and machinery costs associated with the production of feed and feeding it. As far as nutrition/feeding of beef cattle is concerned, there are a number of areas where a reduction in costs can be achieved using existing knowledge but in other areas there are obvious gaps in knowledge which require further research. However, there appears to very little research into aspects of the nutrition/production of beef cattle going on, or being published, in the UK. (Only 8 out of a total of 228 papers presented at this conference are on nutrition/production of beef cattle.)
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Lira, Stephen M., Jon T. Biermacher, Evan Whitley, and Devlon Ford. "185 Strategies for managing open beef cows." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.142.
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Abstract Open beef cows account for between 15 and 30% of a spring-calving cow/calf operation’s annual revenue; however, most producers commonly sell open cows at weaning when prices are at a seasonal low. A three-year (2015–2018) study was conducted using open beef cows (n = 244) from a spring-calving herd in south-central Oklahoma. The objective of the study was to determine whether or not the net return of retaining, feeding, rebreeding, and marketing rebred cows was greater than the revenue from selling open cows at weaning. Each year at weaning, open cows were sorted into Thin or Moderate groups using an average threeman Body Condition Score (BCS). Thin cows (BCS < 5.5) received a ration of 11.4% CP and 63.9% TDN, while Moderate cows (5.5 ≤ BCS ≤ 6.0) received 10.4% CP and 55.2% TDN. Rations were formulated to transform the final condition of all cattle to a BCS of 6. Two rested bulls were assigned to each feeding group during the first 60 days of retention. After 90 days of retention all cattle were pregnancy tested via ultrasound. Enterprise budgeting techniques were used to calculate revenue, costs, and net return for each cow. Mixed effects (ANOVA) models using the Mixed Procedure in SAS were used to determine the fixed effects of feeding treatment, age, pregnancy status, and market type on ending weight and BCS and net return. Year and individual animal were tested and treated as random for each model analyzed. On average, net return was affected by feeding treatment (P = 0.0323), age (P < 0.0001), and pregnancy status (P < 0.0001). The results suggest that producers who have the ability to sort and feed young, thin cows in poorer condition and rebreed them using rested bulls can expect to earn $68/head more than selling them as open at weaning
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Rachma, Fianti Nufinda, Sri Hidanah, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan, and Boedi Setiawan. "The Potency of Dry-Cooked Rice Waste and Tofu Dregs on Weight Gain and Feed Conversion in Beef Cattle." Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology 1, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/javest.v1.i2.2020.48-51.
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Background: Animal feed is one of the main determinants of livestock production costs. Tofu dregs and dry-cooked rice waste is favoured by farmers as an additional feed for cattle because it is readily available and inexpensive. Tofu dregs and dry-cooked rice waste is considered to be able to provide adequate nutrition for cattle and is believed to be able to be a factor in increasing cattle daily body weight. The efficiency of feed use can be determined from feed conversion, namely the amount of feed consumed to achieve an increase of one kilogram of body weight. Purpose: To find out the average increase in daily body weight of beef cattle given tofu dregs and dry-cooked rice waste and how much feed conversion is produced at CV. Tunas Muda Tuban. Method: Using ten beef cattle to be weighed in the first week and the fourth week of observation. Result: Feeding tofu and karak dregs, had an average daily weight gain of 1.34 Kg/day. Conclusion: Provision of tofu and dry-cooked rice waste has a significant influence on the increase in body weight of beef cattle at CV.Tunas Muda, seen from the average daily body weight of 1.34 kg/day.
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Volk, Stacia M., Hannah C. Wilson, Kathryn J. Hanford, James C. MacDonald, and Galen E. Erickson. "Impact of Feeding Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn Compared to Control Corn in Different Diet Scenarios to Finishing Beef Cattle." Animals 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102940.
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The objective of this pooled statistical analysis was to evaluate Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn (EFC) versus conventional corn (CON) when fed as either dry-rolled corn (DRC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) for effects on finishing beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Corns were evaluated in diets with byproduct inclusion rates of 0, 15, 18, 20, and 30% distiller grains or 25 and 35% Sweet Bran® (a commercial corn gluten feed product). Seven trials (n = 1856) consisting of 200 pen means comparing 26 diet treatments were analyzed using regression in a pooled analysis. When EFC was processed as DRC, the gain efficiency (G:F) improved compared with CON, but the response to feeding EFC decreased from a 4.8% improvement to no improvement compared to CON as distiller grains increased from 0 to 30%, but was significantly improved due to feeding EFC in diets with 0 to 18% distiller grains. Feeding cattle EFC as DRC increased the average daily gain (ADG) and G:F by 4.5% compared with CON corn in diets containing Sweet Bran®. No improvements in animal performance were observed when cattle were fed EFC compared to CON when processed as HMC in any situation. Feeding Enogen® corn improved the gain efficiency of finishing cattle compared with conventional corn when processed as dry-rolled corn and fed in diets with less than 20% distillers or diets that include Sweet Bran®.
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Kelly, David N., Roy D. Sleator, Craig P. Murphy, Stephen B. Conroy, and Donagh P. Berry. "PSVI-20 Extent of genetic variation in feeding behavior and genetic associations with performance and feed efficiency in crossbred growing cattle." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.427.
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Abstract To the best of our knowledge, the genetic variability in feeding behavior, as well as relationships with performance and feed efficiency, has not been investigated in a cattle population of greater than 1,500 animals. Our objective was to quantify the genetic parameters of several feeding behavior traits, and their genetic associations with both performance and feed efficiency traits, in crossbred growing cattle. Feed intake and live-weight data were available on 6,088 bulls, steers and heifers; of these, 4,672 cattle had backfat and muscle ultrasound data, and 1,548 steers and heifers had feeding behavior data. Genetic (co)variance parameters were estimated using animal linear mixed models; fixed effects included test group, heterosis, recombination loss, dam parity, age in months at the end of test, and the two-way interaction between age in months at the end of test and sex. Heritability was estimated to be 0.51 (0.097), 0.61 (0.100), 0.44 (0.093), 0.48 (0.094), and 0.47 (0.095) for feed events per day, feeding time per day, feeding rate, feed event duration, and energy intake per feed event, respectively. Coefficients of genetic variation ranged from 0.11 (feeding time per day) to 0.22 (feed event duration). Genetically heavier cattle with a higher energy intake per day, and faster growth rate, had a faster feeding rate and a greater energy intake per feed event. Genetic correlations between feeding behavior and feed efficiency were generally not different from zero, however, there was a genetic correlation of 0.36 (0.11) between feeding time per day and residual energy intake. Significant heritable and exploitable genetic variation exists in several feeding behavior traits in crossbred growing cattle which are also correlated with several performance traits. As some feeding behavior traits may be relatively less resource intensive to measure, they could be useful as predictor traits in beef cattle genetic evaluations.
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Mandell, I. B., E. A. Gullett, J. W. Wilton, O. B. Allen, and V. R. Osborne. "Effects of diet, breed and slaughter endpoint on growth performance, carcass composition and beef quality traits in Limousin and Charolais steers." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-020.
Full textAbstract:
Ninety-six Charolais and Limousin steers were used to evaluate 75% grain (whole barley or corn) diets and two slaughter endpoints (7 mm backfat or 568 kg liveweight) in an experiment designed to constrain carcass weights to under approximately 341 kg yet produce optimal beef quality. Each breed was represented by eight progeny from each of six sires. The trial was terminated after 281 d feeding regardless of individual steers attaining designated slaughter endpoints. Limited availability of dietary energy in whole-barley diets resulted in decreased (P < 0.01) average daily gain and increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake, feed/gain and days on feed for barley- vs. corn-fed cattle. Charolais outgained (P < 0.05) Limousin but dry matter intake was similar on a g BW00.75 basis. Feeding to 568 kg liveweight was associated with high (P < 0.10) ADG and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/gain compared with feeding to 7 mm. Corn feeding increased (P < 0.001) carcass weights, fat deposition and longissimus muscle area. Lean deposition was greater (P < 0.01) in Limousin than Charolais. Taste panel assessment of tenderness, flavour and juiciness in longissimus muscle was generally not affected (P > 0.10) by diet, breed or slaughter endpoint. Twelve primal ribs from each of Agriculture Canada's marbling classifications (A, AA, AAA) were purchased and processed identically to ribs from the test cattle. Shear and tenderness scores were similar (P > 0.10) across test cattle and purchased ribs, despite intramuscular fat contents of 20.2, 27.1, 35.6 and 49.7 g kg−1 respectively, for test cattle and trace, slight and small marbled ribs. Slight and small marbled ribs did have higher (P < 0.05) taste panel scores for initial juiciness and flavour than ribs from the test cattle. While 26% of carcasses from test cattle graded Canada B1 due to either inadequate finish or marbling, similar tenderness and shear scores were probably due to age of test cattle at slaughter which averaged 481 ± 45 d plus the fact that all roasts were aged 7 d prior to freezing. Key words: Charolais, Limousin, marbling, fatness, palatability, carcass weight, beef cattle, tenderness
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BELK, A. D., A. N. ARNOLD, J. E. SAWYER, D. B. GRIFFIN, T. M. TAYLOR, J. W. SAVELL, and K. B. GEHRING. "Comparison of Salmonella Prevalence Rates in Bovine Lymph Nodes across Feeding Stages." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-254.
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ABSTRACT Peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) located in the fatty tissues of beef carcasses have been shown to harbor Salmonella and, thus, potentially contaminate ground beef. Salmonella prevalence within LNs is known to differ among feedlots. Two South Texas feeding operations (identified as locations A and B) known to harbor salmonellae in the feedlot environment, while historically producing cattle with opposing rates (one “high” and one “low”) of Salmonella prevalence in LNs, were used in this study. To determine whether this difference was due to cattle source or factors associated with different stages of feeding, weanling steers of common and known origin were followed through normal feeding stages at both operations. Eighty Angus-sired beef steers were harvested at each of four feeding stages: 1, postweaning; 2, background or stocker; 3, 60 days on feed; and 4, 120 days on feed. Left and right subiliac and superficial cervical LNs (n = 304) were collected from each carcass, and similar node types were pooled by animal (n = 152). Results showed a difference (P < 0.05) in prevalence of Salmonella in bovine lymph nodes between location A and location B and among feeding stages in location B. Salmonella was not isolated from any feeding stage 1 (postweaning) or location A LN samples. Within location B, there was an increase in Salmonella prevalence as cattle moved into later stages of feeding: at 22.2% (4 of 18), 77.8% (14 of 18), and 94.4% (17 of 18) for feeding stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Although the reasons for the differences seen between feeding operations and for increased Salmonella prevalence in LNs at later feeding stages remain unexplained, these results indicate that factors other than cattle source are likely influencing Salmonella prevalence in LNs.
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Petrov, E. B. "Improving the Quality of the Sanitary Condition of Feeding Areas and Reducing Stressful Situations When Fattening Cattle." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2022-11-34-36.
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A series of studies is presented to ensure better adaptation, good growth and development of beef cattle. Changing the shape of feeding places for fattening cattle will provide unhindered free access to feed for all animals of the technological group, reduce stressful situations and improve the sanitary condition of feeding approach areas.
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Raza, S. H., and P. Rowlinson. "The feeding of untreated or treated cereal straw and grass silage in combination to growing cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023047.
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Grass silage is a major constituent of the diet of ruminants but a reduction in voluntary feed intake has been observed by many workers (e.g. Osboum 1967, Taylor 1967) when compared with hay feeding. This reduction in feed intake is often accompenied by decreased production (e.g. live weight gain). The exact reasons for this reduction have not yet been confirmed but the low pH of silage is considered to be one of the many reasons because it prevents the animal eating large amounts of silage with problems. If animals are also getting concentrate with the silage, the situation may become worse as the animal has to face an enormous task of buffering so that blood pH can be maintained. Animals can produce saliva to buffer the low pH of silage and the acids produced by rumen fermentation. Thus feeds which stimulate saliva production such as straw, can help the animal (Webster 1988). Although straw is not highly digestible, due to lignification, after treatment with NaOH its digestibility can be improved and it could have a role in buffering acidic silage and the acid produced in the rumen, as well as stimulating saliva production. For this purpose a study was planned to investigate the use of straw (treated or untreated) in the diets of growing beef animals.
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Lusk, Jayson L., and Natalie Parker. "Consumer Preferences for Amount and Type of Fat in Ground Beef." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 1 (April 2009): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080000256x.
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Scientists and beef industry participants are investigating ways to improve the healthiness of beef. We report results of a nationwide mail survey developed to determine Consumers' preferences for fat content in ground beef and identify how consumers would most like to improve the healthiness of beef. The results from a choice-based conjoint experiment indicate that consumers place significant value on reducing saturated fat and the Omega 6:3 ratio in ground beef, but were relatively unconcerned about conjugated linoleic acid. The relatively new method of best-worst scaling was used to further identify which methods consumers most preferred producers use to improve fat content in beef. The results indicate consumers preferred feeding cattle a grass-fed diet as opposed to supplementing cattle feed with fish-meal or flaxseed to improve the fatty acid content in beef. Although consumers were receptive to the idea of using genetic testing to breed only those cattle with improved fatty acid content, using cloning to achieve this end, was viewed as very undesirable.
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Zom, R. L. G., E. Kamerman, G. Remmelink, and G. van Duinkerken. "The effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low or high level of true methionine digested in the small intestine (DVmet) to dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200001770.
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The Dutch DVE/OEB protein evaluation system (Tamminga et al., 1994) gives predictions for the concentration of whole true protein digested in the small intestine (DVE) in cattle feeds, but not for the concentration of single amino acids. Therefore, new standard methods has been introduced for the prediction of true methionine and lysine digested in the small intestine (DVmet and DVlys, respectively) in cattle feeds based on the principles of the calculation of DVE (van Duinkerken and Blok, 1998). These methods give the opportunity to select particular feeds and concentrate ingredients in order to manipulate the concentration of DVmet and DVlys in diets and compound concentrates. However, in the Netherlands, there are no recommendations for DVmet and DVlys in dairy cow rations established yet. An experiment was therefore conducted to study the effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low (L) or high (H) level of DVmet on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows fed a grass and maize silage mixture ad libitum
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Kuliyev, R. T., T. E. Kenzhebayev, S. N. Bekisheva, L. K. Mamyrova, and Z. T. Yesembekova. "Feeding and slaughter qualities of young dairy and dairy and beef cattle." Agrarian science, no. 5 (July 17, 2020): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-338-5-48-51.
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Relevance. According to the results of numerous scientific and laboratory studies, both lack of fatness and excessive obesity of livestock reduce the quality of meat and are the result of imperfect technology of growing and fattening animals or a low level of breeding and irrational use of feed.Methods. Scientific and production experiments were carried out in the Tau Samal LTD Company LLP and the Plemzavod Almaty SEC Almaty region. The dynamics of live weight, fattening and slaughter qualities of young dairy and dairy and beef cattle during the periods of growing and fattening were studied.Results. Gobies of experimental groups of different genotypes, which received feed additives in addition to the main diet, in terms of live weight, fattening qualities, growth and development rates, total and average daily gains, morphological and chemical compositions and energy value of meat favorably differed from uniform age counterparts from the control groups.
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HAMMELL, K. L., and J. F. HURNIK. "FIXED-INTERVAL CONDITIONED FEED INTAKE IN SWINE AND CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-030.
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An experiment was conducted to measure the influence of scheduled meal times on some behavior and production variables in beef cattle and swine. Ninety-six Yorkshire gilts in one experiment and 32 Hereford heifers in a second study were each housed in groups of four in pens equipped with individual electronic feedgates. The treatment (meal-fed) swine and cattle (T) had access to feed for 20 and 30 min, respectively, every 4 h. The control animals (C) had ad libitum access to feed. The meal-fed animals had to learn the initiation of a specified meal period through the use of a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. Discriminative cues of a light and buzzer were used to facilitate the conditioning process. The behavioral data indicated that both species were able to be conditioned to the scheduled meal periods by the second day of the trial. The meal-feeding schedule with swine caused the treatment pigs to spend more (P < 0.05) time in walking activity (T = 124 min, C = 98 min) and less time resting (T = 1164 min, C = 1210 min). The meal-feeding system caused the cattle to spend less time (P < 0.05) in eating activity (T = 135 min, C = 176 min) and more time standing (T = 409 min, C = 342 min). Both species preferred to spend the majority of their feeding activity during the day (66 and 60% for pigs and cattle, respectively). For both species no statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment groups for production variables, but there appeared to be positive trends in favour of the meal-feeding system in beef cattle. Key words: Swine, cattle, conditioning, meal-feeding, feed intake