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Books on the topic 'Beer – Physiological effect'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Preedy, Victor R. Beer in health and disease prevention. Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.

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2

Rätsch, Christian. Urbock: Bier jenseits von Hopfen und Malz : von den Zaubertränken der Götter zu den psychedelischen Bieren der Zukunft. AT Verlag, 1996.

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3

Turner, Thomas Bourne. Forward together: Industry and academia : history of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 1969-1991. ABMRF, 1993.

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4

L, Bennett Virginia, and Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation., eds. Forward together: Industry and academia : history of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 1969-1991. The Foundation, 1993.

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5

Turner, Thomas Bourne. Forward together: Industry and academia : history of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 1969-1991. The Foundation, 1993.

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6

Beer Belly Blues Becoming The Ultimate Male Again What Every Aging Man And The Women In His Life Need To Know. Abundant Health Systems Inc., 2010.

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7

Mahon, Anthony D. Aerobic training. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0039.

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Aerobic training is defined as exercise training that involves whole body endurance activity that is sustained for a sufficient length of time and at a sufficient intensity in order to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.1 The effect of aerobic training on physiological function in children has been investigated for nearly four decades. Some of this research has focused on the health-related benefits of this type of training on children and adolescents and for good reason. With increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and many other physical inactivity-related disorders,

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8

Wade, Carlson. Carlson Wade's New Fact/Book on Bee Pollen and Your Health. Keats Publishing, 1994.

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9

illustrator, Standeford Brian, ed. What's it like in space?: Stories from astronauts who've been there. 2016.

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10

Williams, Scot N. Assessing the phosphorus status of growing beef heifers. 1988.

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11

(US), National Research Council. Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII – Phase 2 (Beir). National Academies Press, 2006.

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12

A, Mizrahi, Lensky Yaacov, and International Conference on Bee Products: Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy (1996 : Tel Aviv, Israel), eds. Bee products: Properties, applications, and apitherapy. Plenum Press, 1997.

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13

(Editor), Avshalom Mizrahi, and Yaacov Lensky (Editor), eds. Bee Products: Properties, Applications and Apitherapy. Springer, 1997.

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14

Health Effects Of Exposure To Radon Beir Vi Committee On Health Risks Of Exposure To Radonbeir Vi Board On Radiation Effects Research Commission On Life Sciences National Research Council. National Academies Press, 1999.

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15

Neibergs, Holly Louise. Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations after administration of LHRH analog microcapsules in pony stallions and synchronization of estrus in yearling beef heifers with melengestrol acetate and prostaglandin F₂Ü. 1988.

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16

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Level of Ionizing Radiation, ed. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation : BEIR VII Phase 2. National Academies Press, 2006.

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17

Aloia, Lindsey S., Amanda Denes, and John P. Crowley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679446.001.0001.

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In the past decade, there has been an increased focus on the role of physiology in interpersonal interactions, resulting in a surge of research exploring topics related to communication in close relationships. This growing line of research has explored topics such as affectionate communication, forgiveness, communication apprehension, and social support. Contributing to the increase in physiological research on communication processes is a greater recognition of the bidirectional nature of the associations among communication and the body. Researchers studied both the physiological outcomes of

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18

Moore, Charles, and Sarah S. Mosko. The Plastic Age. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190490911.003.0002.

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We describe the environmental and physiologic consequences of our toxic love affair with synthetic polymers in the Anthropocene epoch’s plastic age. It took only three generations for man-made polymers to attain ubiquity. The masses of synthetic polymers invading billions of lives and every part of the globe have created wealth and convenience, but their use also has generated surprising and unwanted outcomes such as intractable pollution problems and adverse health effects for humans and animals. Plastic often is perceived as an inert and physiologically harmless, because most polymers have l

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19

Taccone, Paolo, and Davide Chiumello. Prone positioning in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0099.

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Prone positioning (also known as ‘proning’, ‘prone manoeuvre’ or ‘prone ventilation’) refers to mechanical ventilation with patients positioned in prone position in contrast of standard supine (flat or semi-recumbent) position. The use of the prone positioning was proposed over 30 years ago as a means to improve arterial oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Since then, extensive physiological research has been conducted to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the observed improvement in gas exchange, which involve changes in the distribution of both ve

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20

Classen, Joseph, and Katja Stefan. Changes in TMS Measures induced by repetitive TMS. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0016.

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This article reviews several protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced plasticity. rTMS, when applied to the motor cortex or other cortical regions of the brain, may induce effects that outlast the stimulation period. The neural plasticity, which emerges as a result of such interventions, has been studied to gain insight into plasticity mechanisms of the brain. In two protocols the structure of rTMS trains is modified, informed by the knowledge of the physiological properties of the corticospinal system. Pulse configuration, stimulus frequency, stimulus intensity

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21

Wenzel, Amy. Perinatal Psychology. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.33.

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Most adults undergo the transition to parenthood, yet there is a great deal of mystery and uncertainty inherent in this period of time. Because the perinatal period is of great interest to scholars and laypeople alike, much research has been dedicated to the psychological, behavioral, physiological, and neurochemical experiences associated with pregnancy and lactation. This chapter identifies key themes in the perinatal literature and future directions for research. An abundance of research has characterized and described the changes that women undergo during the transition to parenthood, the

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22

Perkins, Elizabeth C., Shaun P. Brothers, and Charles B. Nemeroff. Animal Models for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0024.

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Animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) provide a wellspring of biological information about this complex condition by providing the opportunity to manipulate trauma exposure and measure biological outcomes in a systematic manner that is not possible in clinical studies. Symptoms of PTSD may be induced in animals by physical (immobilization, foot shock, underwater stress) and psychological stressors (exposure to predator, social defeat, early life trauma) or a combination of both. In addition, genetic, epigenetic and transgenic models have been created by breeding animals with a

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23

Fancourt, Daisy. The theoretical background to arts in health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0002.

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This chapter explores how definitions of health have shifted over the past 200 years. It charts the rise of the biomedical model, considering its position in relation to other fields of work, including public health, psychosomatic medicine, and behavioural medicine. It examines the theories of psychiatrist George Engel and his proposition of the biopsychosocial model, and the steady increase in theory and research around mental health, positive psychology, and wellbeing. Research into the health benefits of the arts are then explored in relation to these theoretical frameworks to illustrate th

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24

Morris, Craig Eric, Melanie L. Beaussart, Chris Reiber, and Linda S. Krajewski. Intrasexual Mate Competition and Breakups. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.19.

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Female competition for male attention is multifaceted. Typically psychological and relational in nature, this competition may be no less damaging than physical violence more commonly used between males. Research on female–female mate competition has examined short-term effects, yet how women cope with long-term effects of romantic relationship dissolution has been little explored. If negative emotions exist because they provide an evolutionary advantage (attuning physiological processes, thoughts, and behaviors to deal with situations that have frequently incurred high fitness costs), then emo

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25

Newberg, Andrew B., and David B. Yaden. The Neurobiology of Meditation and Stress Reduction. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0004.

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Meditation is a complex mental process that involves changes in cognition, sensory perception, emotions, hormones, and autonomic activity. Several brain regions are involved in these practices, particularly as they relate to improvements in brain function and psychological parameters, including the thalamus, frontal lobes, limbic system, and parietal lobes. Additionally, many different neurotransmitter systems are likely affected by meditation practices. Meditation programs have become widely used, either alone or combined with other therapies, for stress reduction depression, anxiety, and pos

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26

Troisi, Alfonso. Nepotism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0014.

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Nepotism is a social habit that is commonly condemned because it threatens our confidence in meritocracy and offends our sense of fair play. Yet, nepotism has been a common practice in different cultures throughout ancient, modern, and contemporary history. This chapter explores the biological bases of this powerful human inclination to help one’s own and to introduce the reader to those evolutionary theories that account for nepotistic behaviors: kin selection and reciprocal altruism. The chapter briefly reviews the physiological and psychological mechanisms that allow kin recognition and the

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27

Wójcik-Gładysz, Anna. Ghrelin – hormone with many faces. Central regulation and therapy. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_awg_2020.

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Discovered in 1999, ghrelin, is one of the peptides co-creating the hypothalamicgastrointestinal axis, otherwise known as the brain-gut axis. Ghrelin participates in many physiological processes and spectrum of its activity is still being discovered. This 28 amino acid peptide ‒ a product of the ghrl gene, was found in all vertebrates and is synthesized and secreted mainly from enteroendocrine X/A cells located in the gastric mucosa of the stomach. Expression of the ghrelin receptor has been found in many nuclei of the hypothalamus involved in appetite regulation. Therefore it’s presumed that

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28

Karan, Lori D. Pain and Addiction in Patients Who Smoke Cigarettes (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0029.

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Through a discussion of the effects of cigarette smoking on both pain perception and other substance use, this chapter outlines the presentation of the benefits to the patient and reviews smoking cessation strategies. It begins with an epidemiological review of the higher prevalence of smoking among those with chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, headache, and low back pain. The many adverse consequences of cigarette smoking for general health are identified, from enhanced osteoporosis to prolonged wound repair. Most strikingly, smoking is demonstrated to both exacerbate the experienc

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29

Sommer, Martin, and Walter Paulus. TMS waveform and current direction. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0002.

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This article introduces the difference between biphasic and monophasic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Waveform and current direction determine the effectiveness of TMS in humans. The alternating use of mono and biphasic pulses as conditioning or test pulse has so far not been possible. Since pulses of different waveform or orientation cannot be applied through the same coil at an interval in the millisecond range, using two different coils could be a feasible approach. This article brings in the concept of repetitive TMS (rTMS). Although clinical relevance is lacking, there is plenty

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30

Awan, Kanwal, and Martin Steinberg. Medical Conditions That May Cause Cognitive Impairment and Depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199959549.003.0005.

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Ruling out medical conditions that can cause depression or cognitive impairment is essential in effectively caring for elderly patients. Case examples illustrate how these may present. Diabetes can cause confusion due to either hyper- or hypoglycemia. Congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive lung disease can cause hypoxia and resulting confusion. Sleep apnea can present with amnesia, apathy, and depression. Physiological changes make elderly patients especially susceptible to adverse drug effects, including hyponatremia and anticholinergic symptoms. Depression and cognitive changes hav

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31

Yang, James. Endocrine Disorders: Integrative Treatments of Hypothyroidism, Diabetes, and Adrenal Dysfunction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0014.

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Thyroid function, glucose metabolism, and an adaptive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis are critical determinants of health and wellness. This chapter highlights the integrative physiology and interactions between these three systems and an integrative medicine approach to these conditions. Integrative medicine expands the evaluation of endocrine dysfunction through a person-centered approach. Patients’ overall symptoms and physiological function should be taken into account in evaluating thyroid function and planning treatment. Our approach to diabetes focuses on the importance of lif

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32

McLean, Peter D., and Sheila R. Woody. Anxiety Disorders in Adults. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195116250.001.0001.

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In this title, the authors review psychosocial treatments for anxiety disorders, focusing on the scientific basis and demonstrated outcomes of the treatments. Cognitive-behavioral therapies are highlighted, as they have been the most frequently investigated approaches to treating anxiety disorders. Individual chapters feature specific phobias: social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. The book is rich in clinical material and integrates science and clinical practice in an effort to help practitioners to improve the effectiveness of their work with anxious clients. Recent

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33

Price, Susanna, Brian F. Keogh, and Lorna Swan. Congenital heart disease in adults. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0060.

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The number of patients with congenital heart disease surviving to adulthood is increasing, with many requiring ongoing medical attention. Although recommendations are that these patients should be cared for in specialist centres, the clinical state of the acutely unwell patient may preclude transfer prior to the instigation of lifesaving treatment. Although the principles of resuscitation in this patient population differ little from those with acquired heart disease, the acutely unwell adult congenital heart disease patient presents a challenge, with potential pitfalls in examination, assessm

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34

Price, Susanna, Brian F. Keogh, and Lorna Swan. Congenital heart disease in adults. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0060_update_001.

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The number of patients with congenital heart disease surviving to adulthood is increasing, with many requiring ongoing medical attention. Although recommendations are that these patients should be cared for in specialist centres, the clinical state of the acutely unwell patient may preclude transfer prior to the instigation of lifesaving treatment. Although the principles of resuscitation in this patient population differ little from those with acquired heart disease, the acutely unwell adult congenital heart disease patient presents a challenge, with potential pitfalls in examination, assessm

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35

Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Disorders of acid–base balance. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0178.

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Normal metabolism results in a net acid production of approximately 1 mmol/kg day−1. Physiological pH is regulated by excretion of this acid load (as carbon dioxide) by the kidneys and the lungs. A series of buffers in the body reduces the effects of metabolic acids on body and urine pH. For acid–base disorders to occur, there must be excessive intake (or loss) of acid (or base) or, alternatively, an inability to excrete acid. For these changes to result in a substantially abnormal pH, the various buffer systems must been overwhelmed. The pH scale is logarithmic, so relatively small changes in

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36

Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Integration and control: the nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0011.

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The complexity of fish behaviour and information processing indicates high levels of neural, anatomical and functional organization. Neural cells are conducting neurons and neuroglia with putative support and physiological roles. Neuronal conduction, synaptic transmission, reflexes and neuropils are factors in integrative activity and information processing. Fish nervous systems are organized into central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (including autonomic) components. Interestingly the structure and function of the fish optic tectum have been considered comparable to those of the tetr

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37

Thomas, Dafydd, and Katy Beard. Blood conservation and transfusion in anaesthesia. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0051.

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Over the last three decades, avoidance of allogeneic transfusion in order to decrease adverse events within the recipient has become a part of clinical care. Although the main driver was an avoidance of transfusion-transmitted disease, other immunological consequences have been noted, and it is widely regarded as desirable to avoid the use of allogeneic component transfusion unless there is an essential physiological need. Of course this attempt at decreasing allogeneic blood component use has a potentially beneficial effect of blood component supply, leading to decreased use within the surgic

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38

Lewis, Keir. Smoking. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0338.

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The UK government, in its White Paper in 1998, declared that ‘smoking is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death in the UK’. Cigarette smoke is inhaled because it contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Nicotine itself has some adverse physiological effects but it is mainly the 4000+ chemicals (including acetone, arsenic, paint stripper, pesticides, and over 60 known carcinogens), added to make the cigarette such an extremely potent nicotine delivery device, that cause so much damage.A smoker dies on average 8–10 years before a non-smoker does. The commonest

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39

Dahl, Vegard, and Ulrich J. Spreng. Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0010.

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Anaesthesia for non-obstetric reasons is performed in 1–2% of all pregnant women. Although the chances of complications like miscarriage, preterm labour, and abortion are higher when surgery is performed during gestation, careful evaluation, preparation, and a multidisciplinary approach will minimize these risks. There are no methods of anaesthesia that are preferable to others during pregnancy. The most important preventive measure is to maintain maternal haemodynamic stability and normoventilation in order to ensure fetal well-being. Extensive knowledge of the profound anatomical and physiol

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40

Sabri, Omar, and Martin Bircher. Management of limb and pelvic injuries. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0336.

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Pelvic ring injuries can be life and limb threatening. The mechanism of injury can often be a good indicator of the type of injury; the Young & Burgess classification deploys that concept to full effect. Early identification based on mechanism of injury and improved prehospital care can play a major role in the outcome following such injuries. Pelvic ring injuries can lead to significant haemorrhage. Mechanical measures to stabilize the pelvis, in addition to modern concepts of damage control resuscitation (DCR), have been shown to be effective in early management of potentially life-threa

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41

Peppin, John, Joseph V. Pergolizzi, Robert B. Raffa, and Steven L. Wright, eds. The Benzodiazepines Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197517277.001.0001.

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When properly prescribed, benzodiazepines and related “Z” drugs, are usually safe and effective. However, some patients experience lack of efficacy, severe adverse effects, and/or protracted withdrawal symptoms. Unfortunately, there is no reliable way to predict outcome prior to treatment. Use has dramatically expanded, to the point where some experts suggest a disconnect with actual medical need. With increased and longer prescribing there has been a corresponding increase in the “down-side” of these drugs. Benzodiazepines, as all drugs, produce some degree of normal physiologic tolerance and

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42

Sidhu, Kulraj S., Mfonobong Essiet, and Maxime Cannesson. Cardiac and vascular physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses key components of cardiovascular physiology applicable to clinical practice in the field of anaesthesiology. From theory development to ground-breaking innovations, the history of cardiac and vascular anatomy, as well as physiology, is presented. Utilizing knowledge of structure and function, parameters created have allowed adequate patient clinical assessment and guided interventions. A review of concepts reveals the impact of multiple physiological variables on a patient’s haemodynamic state and the need for more accurate and efficient measurements. In particular, it i

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43

Gutiérrez, Orlando M. Fibroblast growth factor 23, Klotho, and phosphorus metabolism in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0119.

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Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho have emerged as major hormonal regulators of phosphorus (P) and vitamin D metabolism. FGF23 is secreted by bone cells and acts in the kidneys to increase urinary P excretion and inhibit the synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and in the parathyroid glands to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone. Phosphorus excess stimulates FGF23 secretion, likely as an appropriate physiological adaptation to maintain normal P homeostasis by enhancing urinary P excretion and diminishing intestinal P absorption via lower 1,25(OH)

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44

Trivedi, Madhukar H., and Steven M. Strakowski, eds. Depression. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929565.001.0001.

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Major depressive disorder is a serious, debilitating, life-shortening illness that affects many persons of all ages and backgrounds. The point prevalence is high (2.3%–3.2% in men, 4.5%–9.3% in women) and the lifetime risk is 7% to 12% for men and 20% to 25% for women. Major depression is a disabling disorder that costs the United States over $200 billion per year in direct and indirect costs. Depression also has detrimental effects on all aspects of social functioning, such as self-care, social role, and family life, including household, marital, kinship, and parental roles. While there have

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45

Gill, Steven J., and Michael H. Nathanson. Central nervous system pathologies and anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0081.

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Anaesthesia induces changes in many organ systems within the body, though clearly none more so than the central nervous system. The physiology of the normal central nervous system is complex and the addition of chronic pathology and polypharmacy creates a significant challenge for the anaesthetist. This chapter demonstrates a common approach for the anaesthetist and specific considerations for a wide range of neurological conditions. Detailed preoperative assessment is essential to gain understanding of the current symptomatology and neurological deficit, including at times restrictions on mov

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46

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Sulfur dioxide emissions from nonferrous smelters have been reduced : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. GAO, 1986.

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