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Journal articles on the topic 'Beer – Washington (State)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Craine, Evan B., Stephen Bramwell, Carolyn F. Ross, and Kevin M. Murphy. "From Ground to Glass: Evaluation of Unique Barley Varieties for Craft Malting, Craft Brewing, and Consumer Sensory." Beverages 8, no. 2 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages8020030.

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Differentiating agricultural products has been adopted as a strategy to improve farm profitability and thereby business sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate unique barley varieties for craft malting and brewing markets to enhance profitability for diversified grain growers in southwestern Washington. Advanced barley breeding lines from Washington State University (WSU) were compared to a control variety (CDC-Copeland) through field trials, experimental and commercial malting conditions, and consumer sensory evaluation. The beers differed only by the genotype-dependent malt. Malting con

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2

Bartholomew, Chanda S., Elizabeth A. Murray, Silas Bossert, Joel Gardner, and Chris Looney. "An annotated checklist of the bees of Washington state." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97 (November 1, 2024): 1007–121. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.129013.

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Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) are vital components of global ecosystems, yet knowledge of their distribution is limited in many regions. Washington state is located in an ecologically diverse part of North America and encompasses habitat types and plant communities known for high bee species richness. To establish a baseline for future studies on bee communities in the state, we used published and unpublished datasets to develop a preliminary annotated checklist of bees occurring in Washington state. We document, with high confidence, 565 species of bees in Washington and identify an additional

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Bartholomew, Chanda S., Elizabeth A. Murray, Silas Bossert, Joel Gardner, and Chris Looney. "An annotated checklist of the bees of Washington state." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97 (November 1, 2024): 1007–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.129013.

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Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) are vital components of global ecosystems, yet knowledge of their distribution is limited in many regions. Washington state is located in an ecologically diverse part of North America and encompasses habitat types and plant communities known for high bee species richness. To establish a baseline for future studies on bee communities in the state, we used published and unpublished datasets to develop a preliminary annotated checklist of bees occurring in Washington state. We document, with high confidence, 565 species of bees in Washington and identify an additional

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4

Maust, Autumn, Joel Gardner, Karen W. Wright, Terry Griswold, and Patrick C. Tobin. "First records of eight native bee species (Hymenoptera, Anthophila) in Washington, USA." Check List 21, no. (2) (2025): 374–99. https://doi.org/10.15560/21.2.374.

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Pollinators are an essential component of ecosystem function, and declining bee populations are a global conservation concern. Despite this importance, there is a lack of understanding regarding the distribution of native bee species across western North American landscapes. This study documents new records of <em>Melissodes nigracauda</em> LaBerge, <em>Dufourea dilatipes</em> Bohart, <em>Atoposmia abjecta abjecta</em> Cresson, <em>Coelioxys funerarius</em> Smith, <em>Dianthidium cressonii</em> Dalla Torre, <em>Dianthidium singulare</em> Cresson, <em>Osmia cyaneonitens</em> Cockerell, and <em>

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5

Peck, Gregory M., Preston K. Andrews, Cindy Richter, and John P. Reganold. "Internationalization of the organic fruit market: The case of Washington State's organic apple exports to the European Union." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, no. 2 (2005): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2004102.

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AbstractProduction of some organic commodities, such as apples, is heavily concentrated in the United States (US), with Washington State being the leading US producer of organic apples. In 2003, there were 4047 ha of certified organic apple orchards in Washington State, an all-time high and a more than tenfold increase since 1989. But this growth has not occurred without difficulties. Washington State's organic apple growers have encountered international supply and demand pressures forcing them to seek new markets, such as the European Union (EU). In this paper, we explore the complexities of

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Cullinane, Karen. "Protecting Anonymous Expression: The Internet's Role in Washington State's Disclosure Laws and the Direct Democracy Process." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 44.4 (2011): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.44.4.protecting.

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This Note proposes that the Washington State Legislature amend its Public Records Act to exempt from public disclosure personal information legally required to be disclosed by signers of referendum petitions. This Note also proposes that the Washington State Legislature designate an electronic system, to be detailed in its election law, by which referendum petitions can be checked for fraud without violating the right to anonymous expression protected by the First Amendment. Part I describes Washington State's referendum process and the path of Doe v. Reed, the case animating the reform presen

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Erly, Steven J., Leighton O. Hill, Kiara B. Gavigan, Kari L. Haecker, and Rachel M. Amiya. "Real-Time Linkage of Public-Facing Jail Registers and Syphilis Testing and Treatment Monitoring Data, Washington State, 2023–2024." American Journal of Public Health 115, no. 3 (2025): 282–86. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2024.307911.

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Between June 22, 2023, and January 22, 2024, we implemented scripts to collect public-facing correctional facility rosters and used a matching algorithm to link these data to unresolved syphilis investigations in Washington state. We reviewed the results and sent alerts to the assigned disease intervention specialist. We captured data from 60 of Washington’s 69 correctional facilities and linked 54 individuals to testing or treatment. Fifty-eight percent of individuals had been unlocated for 60 days or more and may not have been found otherwise. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(3):282–286. https

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8

Aziz, Sahar. "State Sponsored Radicalization." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 27.1 (2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.27.1.state.

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Where was the FBI in the months leading up to the violent siege on the U.S. Capitol in 2021? Among the many questions surrounding that historic day, this one reveals the extent to which double standards in law enforcement threaten our nation’s security. For weeks, Donald Trump’s far right-wing supporters had been publicly calling for and planning a protest in Washington, D.C. on January 6, the day Congress was to certify the 2021 presidential election results. Had they been following credible threats to domestic security, officials would have attempted to stop the Proud Boys and QAnon from bre

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9

Marshall, David W., and Preston K. Andrews. "Trends in Washington State's Apple Industry." HortTechnology 4, no. 1 (1994): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.1.6.

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Washington is the leading producer of apples in the United States. North-central and south-central Washington and the Columbia Basin are the major production regions within the state. The climate of these production regions is characterized by cold winters and hot, dry summers with high levels of light intensity. The principal varieties produced are still `Delicious', `Golden Delicious', and `Granny Smith'; however, `Fuji', `Gala', and `Braeburn' have been planted widely since 1988. Despite increasing levels of production and lower prices beginning in 1986, apple prices have recovered relative

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10

Hawthorne, S. "AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES FOUND IN ARIZONA." Pediatrics 94, no. 1 (1994): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.1.117.

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Washington, DC, July 13, 1993—Africanized honey bees have been found in Arizona, the second state where the "killer bees" have migrated into this country, according to the Agriculture Department. A swarm was found in a state Department of Agriculture trap 2 miles north of Sasabe, AZ. The bees were destroyed. The fierce and unmanageable bees are descendants of honey bees imported from Africa to Brazil in 1956. They have been spreading north and south from Brazil since their release in 1957. They tend to sting with less provocation and in greater numbers than other honey bees. They migrated for

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DeVetter, Lisa W., Sean Watkinson, Ramesh Sagili, and Timothy Lawrence. "Honey Bee Activity in Northern Highbush Blueberry Differs across Growing Regions in Washington State." HortScience 51, no. 10 (2016): 1228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci10934-16.

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Commercial production of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is dependent upon rented colonies of honey bees (Apis mellifera) for meeting pollination requirements. Despite the prevalent use of honey bees, growers in Washington State and the greater Pacific Northwest (PNW), particularly those located in the western regions, claim pollination is limited and yield potential is subsequently reduced due to pollination deficits. However, there have been no studies or surveys that document this occurrence for this economically important region of blueberry production. The objective of

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Li, Jianhua, David R. Luhr, Mark Russell, Tim Rydholm, and Jeff S. Uhlmeyer. "Cost-Effective Performance Management for Washington State Pavement Assets." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2639, no. 1 (2017): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2639-13.

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The Washington State Department of Transportation (DOT) manages 18,230 lane miles (29,332 lane kilometers) of main-line roadway. In the past several years, the Washington State DOT has gone through an evaluation and modification of its pavement management practices. This paper presents the historical perspective on past Washington State DOT pavement practices and several strategies that were developed to improve the management of pavement assets. The Washington State DOT has been successfully preserving the long life of flexible pavements by applying thin hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mill and inlays

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13

Hancock, D. D., T. E. Besser, M. L. Kinsel, P. I. Tarr, D. H. Rice, and M. G. Paros. "The prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157.H7 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington State." Epidemiology and Infection 113, no. 2 (1994): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800051633.

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SUMMARYEscherichia coliO157.H7 was found in 10 of 3570 (0·28%) faecal samples from dairy cattle in 5 of 60 herds (8·3%). Several tentative associations with manure handling and feeding management practices on dairy farms were identified. Faecal/urine slurry samples, bulk milk samples, and milk filters from dairy herds were negative forE. coli0157.H7.E. coli0157.H7 was also isolated from 10 of 1412 (0·71 %) faecal samples from pastured beef cattle in 4 of 25 (16%) herds. The prevalence ofE. coli0157. H7 excretion in feedlot beef cattle was 2 of 600 (0·33 %). The identification of cattle managem

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Leksyutina, Yana. "The C5+1 Mechanism in US Interaction with Central Asia: Motivation for Implementation and Announced Initiatives." Ojkumena. Regional Researches 19, no. 2 (2025): 140–46. https://doi.org/10.63973/1998-6785/2025-2/140-146.

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In recent years, the C5+1 mechanism has become a key instrument for multilateral interaction with Central Asia for many extra-regional actors, including the United States. The purpose of this article is to identify patterns in the evolution of the C5+US mechanism created in 2015, track its functional transformations, and highlight the programs put forward within its framework over the period from 2015 to 2025. The research methodology includes an analysis of documents, initiatives, and programs implemented within the C5+US mechanism, as well as an assessment of changes in Washington’s prioriti

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Karasova, Tatiana. "ISRAEL AND UKRAINIAN CONFLICT." Eastern Analytics 14, no. 2 (2023) (2023): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-117-127.

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The Israeli leadership's attitude towards the Ukrainian conflict is closely related to the specific internal and foreign policy of the State of Israel. Israel's approach is less strategic and more tactical. Its refusal to extend valuable military assistance to Ukraine is centered on narrow regional operational concerns (in Syria and conflict with Iran) and not on matters of geopolitical positioning. Israel hopes to maintain its partnership with Washington without alienating Moscow. The Jewish state tries to avoid Western pressure to «choose a side» and instead be guided by concrete Israeli int

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16

DiFilippo, Anthony. "History, Ideology, and Human Rights." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 53, no. 2 (2020): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2020.53.2.153.

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This article will analyze the connection between history, countervailing ideologies, that is, the legacy of the Cold War, and the perceived identification of human rights violations as they pertain to countries with major security interests in Northeast Asia. This article will further show that the enduring nuclear-weapons problem in North Korea has been inextricably linked to human rights issues there, specifically because Washington wants to change the behavior of officials in Pyongyang so that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) becomes a state that at least remotely resembles

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17

Looney, Chris, Warren Hellman, and Richard Westcott. "Sampling Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in Washington state with Cerceris californica Cresson (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 39 (September 26, 2014): 83–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.39.8026.

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The beetle-hunting habits of ground nesting wasps in the genus Cerceris Latreille have been recently exploited as a survey technique for exotic and native Buprestidae, particularly Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (the emerald ash-borer). While such methods have been developed for the wide-ranging eastern Cerceris fumipennis Say, the survey potential of western buprestid-hunting Cerceris spp. has not been explored. Cerceris californica Cresson is the most well-studied of the western buprestid feeders, and the only one known to occur in Washington state. Here we report the results of surveys condu

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18

Schuler, Krysten L., Bridget B. Baker, Karl A. Mayer, et al. "Refining Aging Criteria for Northern Sea Otters in Washington State." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (2018): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052017-jfwm-040.

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Abstract Measurement of skull ossification patterns is a standard method for aging various mammalian species and has been used to age sea otters Enhydra lutris from Russia, California, and Alaska. Cementum annuli counts have also been verified as an accurate aging method for sea otters in Alaska. In this study, we compared cementum annuli count results and skull ossification patterns as methods for aging the northern sea otter, E. l. kenyoni, in Washington State. We found significant agreement between the two methods, suggesting that either method could be used to age sea otters in Washington.

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19

Fang, Ferric C., Zachary P. Billman, Carolyn K. Wallis, et al. "Human Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Washington State." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 4 (2015): 1355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00065-15.

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A patient in Washington State harbored a fish tapeworm most likely acquired from eating raw salmon.Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiensewas identified bycox1sequence analysis. Although this is the first documented humanD. nihonkaienseinfection in the United States, the parasite may have been present earlier but misidentified asDiphyllobothrium latum.

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20

Bobbitt, Van. "The Washington State University Master Gardener Program: Cultivating Plants, People, and Communities for 25 Years." HortTechnology 7, no. 4 (1997): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.4.345.

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After a quarter of a century, the Washington State University (WSU) Master Gardener (MG) program is a huge success. WSU and the citizens of Washington have been well served by MGs. In 1995, 2904 WSU MGs volunteered 101,335 hours and served >314,000 citizens. WSU's investment in MGs creates thousands of grassroots educators that leverage the resources of the university.

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21

HAGUE, EUAN, and EDWARD H. SEBESTA. "The Jefferson Davis Highway: Contesting the Confederacy in the Pacific Northwest." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 2 (2011): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000089.

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The Jefferson Davis Highway (JDH) is a controversial Confederate memorial. Since 1913 the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) have placed markers along roadsides across America to commemorate the Confederate President. The women's organization claims that the JDH stretches over four thousand miles from Alexandria, Virginia to the Pacific coast and the Canadian border. In 2002, conflict ensued in the Pacific northwestern state of Washington when a local politician initiated a campaign to remove a granite JDH marker from a state park where it had been erected by the UDC sixty years previou

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Duncan, Glen E., Ally R. Avery, Eric Strachan, Eric Turkheimer, and Siny Tsang. "The Washington State Twin Registry: 2019 Update." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 6 (2019): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.36.

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AbstractIt has been over 5 years since the last special issue of Twin Research and Human Genetics on ‘Twin Registries Worldwide: An Important Resource for Scientific Research’ was published. Much progress has been made in the broad field of twin research since that time, and the current special issue is a follow-up to update the scientific community about twin registries around the globe. The present article builds upon our 2013 Registry description by summarizing current information on the Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR), including history and construction methods, member characteristic

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23

Mazur, Amy. "APSA-PSA (UK) Collaborate over French Politics." PS: Political Science & Politics 38, no. 1 (2005): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096505056192.

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Since 2000, the French Politics Groups of APSA and PSA have been working in close collaboration, thanks to PSA/APSA financial support and the leadership of Robert Elgie (Dublin City University), Andrew Appleton (Washington State University), and Amy Mazur (Washington State University). The major goal of this collaboration is to strengthen the study of French Politics by bringing together research communities on both sides of the Atlantic.

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24

Morris, Stephen C. "Washington State Disaster Risk and Preparedness: A Primer for Health Care Providers." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 3 (2020): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000412.

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AbstractDisaster in Washington State (USA) is inevitable. It is incumbent on health care providers to understand the practice environment as it will be affected by disasters. This means understanding the basic concepts of emergency management, local to national emergency response structure, and the risks and vulnerabilities of the region where one works. This understanding will help health care providers anticipate and prepare for disaster response and recovery. Washington State has many unique features with regard to climate and geography, population, public health, and general infrastructure

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Davis, Dale A., Dean C. Smith, and Dan Doty. "Beyond Natural Resource Damage Assessment: A Navy/State of Washington Oil Spill Restoration Partnership." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 1203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-1203.

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ABSTRACT Money from oil spill natural resource damage claims in Washington State is used primarily to fund environmental restoration and enhancement projects, but all parties liable for oil spills in the state are invited to propose and perform resource restoration projects in lieu of monetary compensation. As a result of numerous oil spills from Naval vessels and facilities in Washington and the high probability of future spills, Naval Base Seattle developed a comprehensive restoration program that lists potential restoration projects for Navy facilities throughout Washington, and supports re

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Hubber, J., A. Person, L. Jecha, et al. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis among healthcare providers in four counties in Washington State, 2017." Medical Mycology 58, no. 6 (2019): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz111.

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Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging infection in Washington State. The epidemiology of the disease in Washington is poorly understood at present; underrecognition and underreporting of coccidioidomycosis is suspected based on reports of only severe disease. We sought to characterize healthcare provider knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis awareness, diagnosis, and treatment in south-central Washington. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of actively practicing healthcare providers in four counties in south-central Washington, an area recently described as e

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Smith, Jason W., and Sherry L. Weber. "Multi-Agency Permitting Teams." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1941, no. 1 (2005): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194100116.

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Over the past several years, the State of Washington has invested substantial time and energy to streamline the environmental regulatory and permit process. The creation of the Multi-Agency Permitting Team (MAP team) pilot is one such strategic investment. The concept is based on the idea that an interagency team composed of diverse disciplines, located within one office, will experience enhanced communication, coordination, and higher-quality, more timely permit decisions. Currently, the MAP team consists of staff from five government agencies: the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington Sta

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Pierce, Linda M., and Joe P. Mahoney. "Asphalt Concrete Overlay Design Case Studies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1543, no. 1 (1996): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154300101.

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During the late 1980s, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the University of Washington, and the Washington State Transportation Center developed a mechanistic-empirical flexible overlay design procedure. Following development, WSDOT implemented this overlay design procedure and has been evaluating flexible overlay projects for approximately the past 8 years. WSDOT rehabilitates about 100 projects each year; approximately 20 to 30 percent of the total projects are designed using the WSDOT overlay design procedure and the AASHTO overlay design procedure (using DARWin). Th

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Sattler, Victoria P., Kristin E. Courtney, Celena J. McCray, et al. "Innovative Strategies to Address Systemic Inequities in Youth Sexual Health Programs." Family & Community Health 46, S1 (2023): S74—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000381.

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Disparities in sexual health outcomes between racial and ethnic groups throughout the state of Washington suggest the presence of systemic inequities impeding young people's experience with and access to sexual health care and education. Emerging innovations in sexual health look to center young people, particularly those who have been historically excluded, in the design and implementation of programs that aim to serve them. The Washington Youth Sexual Health Innovation and Impact Network (WYSHIIN) and 11 grant-funded partners engaged communities of youth across the state of Washington, inclu

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Kigerl, Alex, and Zachary Hamilton. "Triaging Psychiatric Care: Risk Assessment Construction and Validation for Washington’s Involuntary Treatment and Forensic Commitment Populations." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 15 (2016): 1682–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16628237.

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There is a growing need in Washington to triage patients being considered for inpatient treatment. There has previously been no risk assessment normed to persons with mental illness in the State of Washington. The Static Risk Assessment (SRA) is used in Washington to assess risk among offenders under State Department of Corrections supervision. The present study sought to create and validate a new risk assessment, the SRA for Mental Health Patients (SRA-MHP), for two mental health populations in Washington. A sample of 16,289 patients involuntarily committed due to being deemed dangerous or gr

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Munyaneza, Joseph E., James M. Crosslin, Jeffrey E. Upton, and Jeremy L. Buchman. "Incidence of the Beet Leafhopper-Transmitted Virescence Agent Phytoplasma in local Populations of the Beet Leafhopper,Circulifer tenellus, in Washington State." Journal of Insect Science 10, no. 18 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.010.1801.

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McCormick, Andrew J. "The Tricolored Blackbird in Washington State: First Assessment of Status and Distribution." Western Birds 53, no. 3 (2022): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb53.3.1.

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Breeding of the Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) in Washington State was first reported in 1998, but since then the species’ status and population trends have been poorly documented. I reviewed available data and found reliable reports of breeding at six locations, all in the Columbia Basin ecoregion, and additional reports of nonbreeding birds in 11 counties statewide. Breeding colonies were small, averaging 34 birds. All colonies were in emergent vegetation, and birds moved among them over the 24 years covered by this assessment. The relatively arid environment of the Columbia Basin,

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ABEYTA, CARLOS, FRANK G. DEETER, CHARLES A. KAYSNER, ROBERT F. STOTT, and MARLEEN M. WEKELL. "Campylobacter jejuni in a Washington State Shellfish Growing Bed Associated With Illness." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 4 (1993): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.4.323.

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Consumption of raw Pacific oysters (Crassotea gigas) harvested from a Washington State recreational shellfish bed were associated with illness. Illness occurred within 2 d of ingestion of a half-dozen shellstock oysters. Each oyster consist of approximately 20 g of meat. The duration of illness lasted 2 d. Routinely, Campylobacter species have been found in several shellfish beds in the Puget Sound Bay. Its presence in the marine environment appears to be incidental and primarily, comes from wild birds, farm runoff, and sewage bypasses. This paper describes the first reported case of Campyloba

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Douhan, G. W., T. D. Murray, and P. S. Dyer. "Population Genetic Structure of Tapesia acuformis in Washington State." Phytopathology® 93, no. 6 (2003): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.6.650.

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Eyespot of wheat is caused by Tapesia yallundae and T. acuformis. Historically, T. yallundae has been considered the more important causal agent of the disease in Washington state and consists of a large homogeneous population with a genetic structure consistent with both sexual and asexual reproduction. T. acuformis has increased significantly in Washington in the past 10 years and apothecia were found recently under natural field conditions, indicating that T. acuformis may have a more important role in eyespot of wheat than previously was thought. To determine the genetic structure of T. ac

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DeVetter, Lisa W., David Granatstein, Elizabeth Kirby, and Michael Brady. "Opportunities and Challenges of Organic Highbush Blueberry Production in Washington State." HortTechnology 25, no. 6 (2015): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.6.796.

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Global production of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has continuously increased since the early 1990s, with substantial growth occurring after 2000. Benefiting from this growth is the organic blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) industry, which has been strengthened by increases in organic food sales and the price premiums received for organic products. Washington State is a national and global leader in organic blueberry production, with 47% of the national organic blueberry crop harvested in 2008. As this statewide industry continues to grow, it is important to recognize both the opportunitie

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Vinchesi, Amber, Doug Walsh, and Craig Broadhead. "Assessing Transportation Impacts to Alkali Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) and Alfalfa Seed Production in Southeastern Washington State." American Entomologist 64, no. 1 (2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmy011.

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Müller, Nicola F., Cassia Wagner, Chris D. Frazar, et al. "Viral genomes reveal patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Washington State." Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 595 (2021): eabf0202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abf0202.

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The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gravely affected societies around the world. Outbreaks in different parts of the globe have been shaped by repeated introductions of new viral lineages and subsequent local transmission of those lineages. Here, we sequenced 3940 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from Washington State (USA) to characterize how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Washington State in early 2020 was shaped by differences in timing of mitigation strategies across counties and by repeated introductions of viral lineages into the state. In addition,

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Yamaguchi, Tatsuhiko, and James L. Goedert. "Early Eocene marine ostracods from the Crescent Formation, southwestern Washington State, USA." Journal of Micropalaeontology 28, no. 2 (2009): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.2.117.

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Abstract. An assemblage of eleven species of Early Eocene marine intertidal and sublittoral ostracods has been found in the Crescent Formation in the Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington State, USA. The ostracods are subtropical and tropical taxa, such as Bairdoppilata, Cytherella and Neomonoceratina, which are found south of Washington today. Based on the geological age of the formation, the fauna corresponded to the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. Five new species are recognized: Acanthocythereis olympiana sp. nov., Ambostracon irizukii sp. nov., Bairdoppilata crescentana sp. nov., Coquim

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Russell, Carrie, and Kevin Maher. "Washington Hotline." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 10 (2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.10.516.

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GSU wins e-reserves case, but not clarity on digital copyright policyAfter 12 years of litigation, one may have forgotten about Cambridge University Press et al v Patton et al, also known as the Georgia State University (GSU) e-reserves case, where three publishers (Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, and Sage) sued GSU over their e-reserves policy. Teaching faculty and students preferred access to materials through digital networks. The further away they moved from course packs, where permission fees had been dutifully collected, the greater the drop in publishers’ revenue. P

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Goldhaber, Dan, Vanessa Quince, and Roddy Theobald. "Has It Always Been This Way? Tracing the Evolution of Teacher Quality Gaps in U.S. Public Schools." American Educational Research Journal 55, no. 1 (2017): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831217733445.

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There is mounting evidence of substantial “teacher quality gaps” (TQGs) between advantaged and disadvantaged students but practically no empirical evidence about their history. We use longitudinal data on public school students, teachers, and schools from two states—North Carolina and Washington—to provide a descriptive history of the evolution of TQGs in these states. We find that TQGs exist in every year in each state, and for all measures, we consider student disadvantage and teacher quality. But there is variation in the magnitudes and sources of TQGs over time, between the two states, and

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Dionne, C. E., M. Söderström, and S. M. Schwartz. "Seasonal Variation of Twin Births in Washington State." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 42, no. 2 (1993): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002038.

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AbstractTwin births are known to vary across seasons in several countries. It has been hypothesized that this variation may be due to seasonal changes in luminosity leading to pineal gland-mediated multiovulation among susceptible mothers. To describe seasonal variation of twin births in Washington State, all mothers residing in Washington State who gave birth to both a pair of twins and a singleton baby between 1984-1990 (n = 1168) were identified through linkage of computerized State birth certificates. Using a “matched-on-mother” case-control design, the estimated month of conception of twi

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Fadel, Meghan, Marci Getz, and Angela Ward. "TRANSFORMING BRAIN HEALTH IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN WASHINGTON STATE." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 377. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.1225.

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Abstract Rural communities experience unique strengths and barriers as they work to address dementia, making strategic action on brain health and caregiving particularly important. Since 2005, the Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) has been working to support public health strategies that promote brain health, address dementia, and support individuals living with dementia and their caregivers in all communities. As a part of the HBI effort, the Road Map Series has served as a basis for action in rural communities by guiding local, state, and tribal public health leaders on strategies as they prior

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Koenick, Lori B., Niloofar Vaghefi, Noel L. Knight, Lindsey J. du Toit, and Sarah J. Pethybridge. "Genetic Diversity and Differentiation inPhoma betaePopulations on Table Beet in New York and Washington States." Plant Disease 103, no. 7 (2019): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-18-1675-re.

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Phoma betae is an important seedborne pathogen of table beet worldwide that is capable of causing foliar, root, and damping-off diseases. Ten microsatellite and mating type markers were developed to investigate the genetics of P. betae populations in table beet root crops in New York and in table beet seed crops in Washington, from where table beet seed is predominantly sourced. The markers were used to characterize 175 isolates comprising five P. betae populations (two from New York and three from Washington), and they were highly polymorphic with an allelic range of 4 to 33 and an average of

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Uhlmeyer, Jeff S., Linda M. Pierce, James S. Lovejoy, Mike R. Gribner, Joe P. Mahoney, and Gordon D. Olson. "Design and Construction of Rock Cap Roadways: Case Study in Northeast Washington State." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1821, no. 1 (2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1821-05.

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In recent years, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has deviated from its normal policy of correcting frost heaving and thawing problems on state highways. WSDOT’s traditional approach for frost design rehabilitation has been to place a crushed stone base at least half the depth of the frost penetration. This approach has served WSDOT well on the majority of its highway system; however, other measures were sought to mitigate extensive frost-related problems in northeast Washington. To isolate the flow of water from the pavement structure, a capillary break using a free-d

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Márquez Roa, Ubaldo. "ACERCAMIENTO AL TERRORISMO (AN APPROACH TO TERRORISM)." Universos Jurídicos, no. 18 (June 8, 2022): 75–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uj.vi18.2626.

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Resumen: El presente artículo se encuentra dividido en cinco apartados que permiten que su lectura y comprensión sea mucho más amigable. Es interesante y entender que el tema del terrorismo es un tema de naturaleza dinámica y cambiante, en el artículo se estudiara los diferentes tipos de terrorismo que existe y el impacto que ha tenido en el establecimiento de los estados de seguridad pública, así como la afectación a los derechos humanos de las personas y los regímenes jurídicos en los cuales se tipifica esta figura. Abstract: This article is divides into five sections that allow it

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Driedger, Carolyn L., and Andrew G. Fountain. "Glacier Outburst Floods at Mount Rainier, Washington State, U.S.A." Annals of Glaciology 13 (1989): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500007631.

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During the twentieth century, glacial outburst floods have been the most destructive natural events on Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano in the Cascade Range in Washington State, U.S.A. In the period between 1930 and 1980 numerous floods were reported from five glaciers on the mountain, most of which flowed from Nisqually, Kautz, or South Tahoma Glaciers on its southern flank. Such floods threaten lives and property because they occur without warning and quickly mobilize the loose volcanic debris into debris flows.A monitoring program was begun in 1987 which was designed to measure the dimensions

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Driedger, Carolyn L., and Andrew G. Fountain. "Glacier Outburst Floods at Mount Rainier, Washington State, U.S.A." Annals of Glaciology 13 (1989): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500007631.

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During the twentieth century, glacial outburst floods have been the most destructive natural events on Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano in the Cascade Range in Washington State, U.S.A. In the period between 1930 and 1980 numerous floods were reported from five glaciers on the mountain, most of which flowed from Nisqually, Kautz, or South Tahoma Glaciers on its southern flank. Such floods threaten lives and property because they occur without warning and quickly mobilize the loose volcanic debris into debris flows. A monitoring program was begun in 1987 which was designed to measure the dimension

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Rockefeller, Kathleen, Barbara Silverstein, and Ninica Howard. "Getting to Zero-Lift in Washington State Nursing Homes." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 30 (2000): 5–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403008.

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The huge toll caused by back and shoulder injuries among nursing home workers (nursing assistants) has been well documented. These injuries have been related primarily to tasks involving lifting and handling of the residents. There is strong evidence that reduction in load would decrease the risk of injury. “Zero-lift” programs are designed to reduce these loads and involve several components: support of management and participation of employees; acquisition of equipment; policies surrounding the use of equipment; training; and management of injuries that do occur. There appears to be a signif

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Podschwit, Harry, Colton Miller, and Ernesto Alvarado. "Spatiotemporal Prescribed Fire Patterns in Washington State, USA." Fire 4, no. 2 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4020019.

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We investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of prescribed fire and wildfire within Washington State, USA using records from the state’s Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Spatiotemporal comparisons of prescribed fire and wildfire area burned revealed that (1) fire activity broadly differed between the eastern and western portion of the state in terms of total area and distribution of burn sources, (2) over the 2004–2019 period, wildfire largely replaced prescribed fire as the predominant source of burning, and (3) wildfire and prescribed fire occur during distinct months of the year. Spatio

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Li, Jianhua, Stephen T. Muench, Joe P. Mahoney, Nadarajah Sivaneswaran, Linda M. Pierce, and George C. White. "The Highway Development and Management System in Washington State." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1933, no. 1 (2005): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193300107.

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The Highway Development and Management System (HDM-4) developed by the World Bank is a powerful pavement management software tool capable of performing technical and economic appraisals of road projects, investigating road investment programs, and analyzing road network preservation strategies. Its effectiveness is dependent on the proper calibration of its predictive models to local conditions. Although significant work has been done in calibrating and applying HDM-4 worldwide (especially in developing nations), no substantial effort has been made within the United States. This paper describe

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