Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bees Priory'

Microconstituents (MCs) have become an emerging concern to scientists and researchers. Due to the development of analytical technology, it is now possible to study MCs at ηg/L to μg/L levels. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the major point source for MCs entering the environment based on the literature. WWTPs are known to be unable to remove many MCs to a safe level. In order to fully understand the fate of MCs in WWTPs and to further improve the design of WWTPs in terms of MC removal, it is necessary to examine removal mechanisms such as sorption and biodegradation in WWTPs. Three MCs, bisphenol A (BPA), 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and triclosan (TCS), were chosen for this study. They are chemicals reported to be hydrophobic and have low vapor pressure, which makes sorption a highly potential removal mechanism. Primary sludge and activated sludge (AS) were used to perform sorption kinetics and isotherm experiments for BPA, EE2 and TCS. Primary sludge was collected from local WWTPs, and AS was generated from a lab-scale continuous flow bioreactor system maintained at solids retention times of 15, 10 and 5 d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. Alum was added to synthetic wastewater influent at concentrations typically used for phosphorus removal at some plants. Alum has the potential to change sludge structure and influence the sorption process. A comparison was made with AS as the adsorbent with and without alum addition to the AS to study the influence of alum on the sorption processes. The selected MCs were found to reach sorption equilibrium with primary sludge within 7 h. A pseudo second-order kinetic model was an excellent fit to describe the sorption processes of selected MCs. The solids-liquid partitioning coefficient (Kd) was determined for the three chosen MCs. The Kd values found for primary sludge and AS are very close. The Kd for MCs sorbed to AS in this study were compared with the Kd for AS without alum addition. Although alum addition showed no influence on effluent soluble chemical oxygen demand, it decreases the Kd for BPA and EE2 sorbed to AS. In contrast, a much higher Kd for TCS was observed for AS with alum addition. Judging from the R2 values, the linear sorption model is not suitable for some of the isotherms. Langmuir and Freundlich sorption isotherms were further used to fit the experimental data by applying linear regression and nonlinear regression approaches. The Freundlich isotherm was found to be the most suitable model to describe the experiment data.

This study addressed the question of whether or not information skills actually were being taught in context with curriculum units of study. The three questions it attempted to answer were: 1. To what extent have primary teachers and teacher-librarians integrated information skills into primary curriculum subjects in British Columbia? 2. Have teacher-librarian qualifications and/or hours of employment in a school library resource centre influenced the integration process? 3. Has the handbook. Primary Library Activities facilitated the integration of information skills into primary curricula? Data collection included both a written questionnaire and oral telephone interviews. The sample for the study was purchasers of Primary Library Activities. in the years 1984 and 1983. The responses to each question were tabulated and an analysis of variance was conducted to compare the variables in question two with other data. The researcher found that: - a majority of educators stated they were teaching information skills by integration. - there was no relationship between the courses a teacher-librarian had completed and/or the hours he/she was employed in a school library resource centre and integration. - a considerable difference was observable in the amount of flexible scheduling between schools located in rural areas and those located in cities. - Primary Library Activities, had been helpful in integrating information skills. A limitation in this study was the small sample. The results of the study can be viewed as an indication only and need to be replicated by further research.
Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate

Polypharmacy, the use of five or more medications, is a public health epidemic that leads to high health care utilization and costs in older adults globally. Health care organizations and professionals have used interdisciplinary collaboration (IC) interventions to reduce polypharmacy and health care costs with little benefit. There is limited research and integration of IC with an evidence-based practice (EBP) guideline among primary care providers (PCPs) in the primary care setting. The aims of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project were to conduct a knowledge and needs assessment via Qualtrics survey to identify PCPs’ current knowledge, practices, and perceptions regarding IC and the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria on reducing older adult polypharmacy in an urban primary care setting; and to assess PCPs’ interest in participating in IC with a pharmacist using the AGS Beers Criteria. The responses obtained from the Qualtrics survey revealed PCPs were comfortable in communicating to older adults about polypharmacy; however, PCPs with longer practice experiences displayed misconceptions due to lack of familiarity and interest in participating in IC using the AGS Beers Criteria. Overall, 70% of PCPs felt comfortable about participating in IC alone, 50% of PCPs were familiar with IC, and 60% of PCPs used the AGS Beers Criteria. Even though 60% of PCPs felt comfortable about participating in IC based on AGS Beers Criteria with a pharmacist, only 50% of PCPs were interested in participating IC with a pharmacist using AGS Beers Criteria. Barriers and recommendations are discussed further in this DNP Project paper.

Few studies have focused on the perspectives of children with 'learning difficulty' labels in the UK. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the experience of children in a mainstream primary school in London who had been identified as having 'learning difficulties'. Six children were observed in their school environment, interviewed using props and pictures, and invited to take photos of significant features of their daily lives. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically from a critical realist standpoint. The children in the study were mostly not remarkable from other children, either in their appearance or behaviour, or in their experiences and views. They had a variety of understandings and feelings about the additional support they received, but largely seemed fairly neutral about it and did not seem to feel particularly different from their peers. In contrast with much of the literature, stories of stigma and bullying were not found. This seemed to reflect an inclusive school culture. Some of the children were however noticeably socially isolated from their peers. Teaching assistants played a key role in several children's lives, and this was largely positive, although their role sometimes constrained opportunities for peer interactions and autonomy. Although the sample was not representative of children with 'learning difficulties', the findings point to the possibility that schools can create an environment whereby children with different learning abilities or styles do not experience 'impairment' (difficulties with learning) or 'disability' (barriers to opportunities). This may only apply to children with milder differences from supportive families, but is consistent with theory that both impairment and disability are socially constructed. Further research is needed into how schools can create such an environment, as well as into barriers to friendships for children with 'learning difficulty' labels.

Despite existing mad cow disease surveillance efforts in the United States, in place since the 1980s, a cow that tested positive for mad cow disease was granted entrance into the U.S. in December, 2003. The cow that tested positive, according to witnesses, displayed no symptoms that are synonymous with advanced bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE. This occurrence had detrimental effects on the U.S. beef export market, as many countries banned American beef. Estimates of the damage inflicted reach into the billions of dollars. BSE in the U.S. has the potential of causing damages in other aspects as well. Aside from the fact that BSE is a public health issue, it has caused political rifts between nations, particularly between Canada and the U.S. It can undermine confidence in the USDA and confidence in the governments ability to handle emergencies. BSE can imperil American good that contain beef or beef products. Finally, it can undermine trust in scientists to provide useful guidance. The subtle changes in U.S. BSE surveillance efforts in the 1980’s were greatly surpassed by the changes that were made when a BSE-positive cow was discovered in Washington State in 2003. However, there remains room for much needed improvement in U.S. BSE surveillance efforts. These changes include: increased testing to include all cows slaughtered in the U.S. and all imported beef products, a nationwide animal tracking program, increased proficiency in training of inspectors, and the implementation of strict rules governing the ingredients of animal feed. The implementation of regulations based on economics instead of public health concerns has the potential to leave loopholes in regulations that the BSE agent might exploit. By enacting the recommendations made in this thesis, the U.S. will greatly increased its' odds of stopping the entrance and proliferation of BSE within its’ borders.

Doctor of Philosophy
Food Science Program
Daniel Y.C. Fung
Curtis L. Kastner
This dissertation was designed to evaluate antimicrobial, quality, and shelf life effects of controlled phase carbon dioxide (CPCO2) on beef trimmings destined for ground beef. Critical parameters included pressure, temperature, exposure times, modified atmosphere conditions, and days of simulated retail display. 1500 psi CPCO2 for 15 min achieved 0.83, 0.96, 1.00, and 1.06 log reductions for Total Plate Count (TPC), Generic E. coli (GEC), E. coli O157:H7 (O157), and Salmonella spp. (SS), respectively. Bacterial reductions in ground beef and beef trimmings were similar (P≥0.05). CIE L*, a*, and b* values in raw patties showed no differences (P≥0.05) immediately after CPCO2 application on beef trimmings. Nevertheless, significant (P<0.05) interactions were found in pressure by packaging for L*, in pressure by packaging by days of simulated retail display for a*, and in packaging by days of simulated retail display for b* scores. Nevertheless, after 5 days of simulated retail display, L*, a*, and reflectance (630/580nm) ratios were similar for all treatments (P≥0.05), and b* scores were most acceptable with 1500 CPCO2 (P≥0.05), regardless of the packaging conditions. After 5 days of display, cooked patties showed similar (P≥0.05) values for crude protein (%CP) and crude fat (%CF), the extent of lipid oxidation (TBARS), was higher (P0.05) in aerobic trays than flushed packages with 100% CO2. Ground beef patties manufactured from beef trimmings treated with CPCO2scored higher values for tenderness (P0.05) than other treatments. In addition, no differences (P0.05) for juiciness, beef flavor intensity, or off flavor intensity were found between non-treated and the 1500 psi CPCO2 treated patties. Microbial control of spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens in ground beef patties with CPCO2 application in beef trimmings was effective (0.6 to 1.2 logs). Lethality levels are comparable to other intervention strategies. Discoloration of beef trimmings after CPCO2 application may not be a concern for grinding purposes. Further packaging with 100% CO2 is viable for controlling spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms after packaging and during refrigerated storage, although discoloration of raw ground beef patties packaged with 100% CO2 may be a concern for product marketing.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The present study comprises two issues related to the Brazilian scenario: the absence of educational activities in prisons and the new strategy of Brazilian authorities in fighting against organized crime, which in based on the impoverishment of criminal activity, creating a buildup situation in police and judicial deposits of goods constricted in criminal proceedings. The main goal of this work is demonstrating that educational activities in prisons can be financed by the amounts obtained by selling the above mentioned assets.
O presente trabalho aborda duas questões atuais do cenário brasileiro, quais sejam:a falta de atividades educacionais nos presídios e a nova postura das autoridades brasileiras no combate ao crime organizado, a qual baseia-se na descapitalização da atividade criminosa, o que gera um acúmulo nos depósitos policiais e judiciais de bens constritos em procedimentos penais. O objetivo do trabalho é demonstrar que as atividades educacionais nos presídios podem ser financiadas pelo valor obtido com a alienação antecipada dos bens supramencionados.

Orientador: Regina Yu Shon Chun
Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O predomínio do componente neonatal sobre o pós-natal na mortalidade infantil, nas décadas de 1980 e 90 no Brasil, trouxe em evidência a elevada proporção de óbitos evitáveis e a importância da qualidade assistencial mãe-bebê. A especialização, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, a valorização e capacitação de recursos humanos além do estabelecimento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas à Atenção Materno-Infantil contribuíram para maior sobrevida de bebês com graves intercorrências perinatais. Tais fatos contribuíram para a criação de Ambulatórios de Follow Up, proporcionado por programas longitudinais como o Centro de Referência em Desenvolvimento Infantil Fênix - CRDI (Campinas, SP, Brasil). O serviço segue as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Humanização, buscando superar a fragmentação da rede e do processo de trabalho e recebeu reconhecimento do Ministério da Saúde em 2006, tendo sido inserido no Banco de Projetos do Humanizasus. O Programa Nacional Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde alerta sobre a importância de mecanismos de avaliação e de controle da qualidade assistencial bem como da opinião daqueles aos quais os serviços se destinam. Assim, este estudo volta-se à avaliação desse Programa por meio da análise de indicadores de avaliação do serviço e da perspectiva do cuidador. Objetivo: Avaliar a assistência do CRDI-FÊNIX por meio de (i) indicadores de oferta (capacidade de oferta do serviço), da demanda de encaminhamento e de chegada, de cobertura (proporção da população-alvo atingida pelo programa/intervenção), e de utilização (proporção de uso do serviço da população alvo) e (ii) entrada, acompanhamento multidisciplinar, qualidade e resolutividade da assistência e vínculo entre usuário/cuidador/equipe na opinião do cuidador. Sujeitos e métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa retrospectiva aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Foi feito levantamento dos sujeitos que receberam alta de junho de 2005 a julho de 2006 para constituição do corpus e caracterização do perfil da população atendida. Resultados: Os prontuários caracterizaram os bebês quanto a: local de moradia, tempo médio de seguimento e profissionais envolvidos na assistência. A adesão foi de 53% dos sujeitos e demanda de encaminhamento da maternidade de referência de 28,77%. A demanda de chegada ao serviço foi de 83,22% e a capacidade de oferta estimada em 140 bebês/ano. Verifica-se que do total de nascimentos, 10,74% dos bebês foram encaminhados para cuidados intensivos e intermediários, sendo que 6,09% pertenciam ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Desses, chegaram ao serviço 1,60% por apresentarem risco para alteração no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. A utilização integral do serviço foi de 52,78% e a parcial, 47,22%. Os cuidadores indicam satisfação quanto a qualidade, resolutividade da assistência e a importância do acompanhamento multidisciplinar. Conclusão: Os achados mostram a eficácia dos indicadores estudados e reiteram a importância da escuta e do acolhimento ao usuário em uma perspectiva humanizada e integral, mostrando-se como ferramentas fundamentais para conhecimento e avaliação do serviço. A responsabilização dos diferentes sujeitos implicados no processo dessa rede de cuidados contribui para desburocratização da assistência e para maior autonomia dos atores envolvidos, exercendo-se a humanização, como proposta pelas políticas vigentes
Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of the neonatal component over the post-neonatal in infant mortality, in the decades of 1980 and 1990 in Brazil, showed the high proportion of avoidable deaths and the importance of the care quality mother-baby. The specialization, the development of technologies, the valuing and capacity of human resources in addition to the establishment of public health policies aiming the Mother-Child attention, contributed for a highest survival of babies with severe perinatal interferences. These facts contributed to the creation of High-risk Infant Follow-up Program , provided by longitudinal programs such as the Fenix Reference Center in Children Development - CRDI (Campinas, SP, Brazil). The service follows the guidelines from the National Policy of Humanization, aiming to overcome the system and work process fragmentation and was recognized by the Ministry of Health in 2006, being inserted in Humanizasus projects database. The National Program of Health Services Assessment warns about the importance of assessment tools and of assistential quality control such as the opinion of those at whom the service is aimed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate this program through the analysis of the service assessment indicators and the caregiver perspective. Objective: To evaluate the assistance of CRDI-FENIX through (i) provision indicators (capacity of service provision), incoming and referral demand, coverage (proportion of target population that is assisted by the program/intervention) and use (proportion of the service use by target population) and (ii) incoming, multidisciplinary assistance, quality assistence, solving assistance and attachment between the user/caregiver/staff according to the caregiver opinion. Subjects and methods: This is a retrospective research approved by Research Ethics Committee. A survey was done on subjects that received medical discharge during the period of June 2005 to July 2006, composing the corpus and the population characterization. For the analysis of the target population that was assisted by the program, it were used data from July 2007 to June 2008, since the reference maternity did not have the data from 2005 and 2006. Results: The subject records categorized the babies according to: the place of their residences, average period of assistance, and professional involved in assistance. The adherence was of 53% and referral demand from the reference maternity was 28.77%. The incoming demand to the service was 83.22% and the offer capacity estimated of 140 babies per year. The results showed that from the total of the new bourns, 10,74% need intensive care, from that 6,09% are dependent from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and 1.6% arrived at the service. The integral use of the service was 52.78% and parcial 47.22%. The caregivers showed satisfaction regarding the quality and solving of the assistance, and the importance of the multidisciplinary assistance. Conclusion: The findings revealed the efficiency of the indicators studied and reiterate the importance of the user's listening and embracement according to a humanized and integral perspective, considered as important tools to know and evaluate the service. The responsibility of the different subjects involved in the process of this care network contributes for the disbureaucracy of the assistance and for a greater independence of the people involved, considering the humanization as a proposal from the current politics
Mestrado
Saude, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação
Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

This thesis addressed the need for improved analysis and interpretation of primary meter half-hourly energy consumption data. The current work offers a novel benchmarking technique that was tested for 6 types of municipal buildings. This approach is different from conventional annual benchmarking mainly because it uses electricity and gas data in half-hourly periods, together with outside temperature data. A survey to European local authorities’ metering and monitoring practices was conducted in order to assess municipal energy managers' current procedures and needs in terms of data analysis to assess building energy performance and to identify potential energy saving opportunities. The benchmarking approach was developed considering the energy managers’ needs, but also the state-of the art in terms of building energy monitoring techniques, particularly building energy signatures, and the analysis techniques used on electricity grid demand forecasting. The benchmarking approach is based on the use of a metric composed of several indicators that are related to the load demand shape profile and the building energy signature. The comparison of indicators for buildings of the same type using standard scores identifies uncommon load demand profile characteristics and/or gas dependency on outside temperature in specific buildings. The metric is able to support the identification of potential energy wastage, which is linked to the detection of opportunities to save energy. The benchmarking technique was tested in 81 municipal building owned by Leicester City Council. This methodology can be applied to any non-domestic building equipped with primary meters for registering half-hourly electricity and gas consumption. In theory, this approach can also be applied to residential buildings, and to other short time series data types, for example quarter-hourly or 10 minutes interval data. The main contribution of this thesis is to improve the objectivity of building primary meter half-hourly electricity and gas consumption data analysis and interpretation by using quantitative parameters, instead of subjective visualisation techniques. The interpretation of building consumption data in short time series periods can now be streamlined, automated and perhaps incorporated in existing energy analysis software. This thesis raises questions that can lead to future research projects aiming to improve the metric and also to enlarge the scope of its application to national and European scale, to other building types and to other utilities.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2012
Bibliografia: f.26-30
A diversidade e grandiosidade da pecuária Brasileira revelam enormes contrastes e particularidades, seja nas tecnologias adotadas, nos rebanhos existentes, na topografia, na mão de obra e no clima, que ocorrem em um país com dimensões continentais. Dentre
The diversity and grandiosity of Brazilian?s livestock, reveals giants contrasts and particularities, at adopted technology, existing herds, topography, labor force and weather that occur in a country with continental dimensions. Among the production fact

The aim of master´s thesis is analysis of utilization of large-capacity battery energy storage systems, used in cooperation with facility Červený mlýn to supply ancillary services to ČEPS, a.s.. In the first part, categorisation of ancillary services is presented. Within the categorisation technical and legislative requirements on subjects providing individual services are defined, the overview of ancillary services providers is listed and the mechanisms of ancillary services procurement are elucidated. The thesis continues with an overview of accumulation technologies used in high-capacity application around the world and in Czech republic. Subsequently three technologies are presented – Li-Ion, NaS and VRB, which are considered as suitable technological solutions for given application. The last part of thesis deals with specification of parameters of the accumulation system, with selection of installation site within the facility and with description of operating modes while providing ancillary services. In order to evaluate the investment from an economic point of view, a model of sensitivity analysis is created and described and its outputs are presented and discussed at the end of the thesis.

O presente trabalho busca elidir o verdadeiro significa do ideal de justiça distributiva com vistas à criação de um paradigma ético apto a orientar a adoção de políticas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo, ser o vetor interpretativo da sua eficácia e resultados práticos. Com bases nas premissas teóricas assentadas na basilar obra Uma Teoria da Justiça de John Rawls, busca-se discutir qual é o verdadeiro significado da equidade onde os bens primários sociais são divididos de uma forma tão desigual e como a adoção de políticas públicas orientadas por uma vertente substantiva da justiça pode ser um novo paradigma apto a orientar esta dinâmica. Ultrapassada esta linha de argumentação inicial, o trabalho desdobra-se na busca pelo verdadeiro significado de meritocracia, assentada, ainda uma vez, na distribuição desigual de bens primários sociais ou, simplesmente, na divisão desigual de oportunidades. Nesta ordem de convicções, busca-se afirmar que para haver de fato- a meritocracia é necessário haver um ambiente que propicie igualdade de oportunidades para que cada indivíduo singular possa buscar desenvolver seus projetos de vida de acordo com seu esforço e talento individuais. Por fim, as políticas públicas distributivas podem ser o instrumento que materialize este ideal, desde que sejam orientadas por premissas que privilegiem a vertente substantiva da Justiça e que a partir de uma perspectiva crítica da desigualdade possam buscar a distribuição justa dos bens primários sociais.
The present work intends to clarify the true meaning of the ideal of distributive justice with the aim of creating an ethical paradigm able to orient the implementation of public policies, in addition to serve as an interpretation guideline of its effectiveness and practical results. Based on the theoretical premises set forth on the fundamental work A Theory of Justice, by John Rawls we seek to discuss the true meaning of equity where the primary social goods are distributed in an very unequal way and how the adoption of public policies oriented by a substantive perspective of justice may become a new paradigm to orient this dynamics. Succeeding this initial line of argument, this work develops into the search of the true meaning of meritocracy, founded, once again, on the unequal distribution of primary social goods or, simply, on the uneven division of opportunities. In the context of these beliefs, we seek to assert that in order to exist in fact meritocracy, it is necessary to have an environment which promotes equal opportunities so that each singular person may seek to develop their life project in accordance with their efforts and individual talents. Finally, distributive public policies may be the instrument to materialize this ideal as long as it is oriented by premises which favor the substantive perspective of Justice and that from a critical view of inequality may pursue a just distribution of primary social.

Bees play an important role as pollinators of angiosperms in most terrestrial ecosystems and they are exposed to numerous threats. In many regions in the world, bee abundance and species richness are in decline due to the combined effects of habitat loss, pesticide use, and parasites and disease. Worldwide, diseases caused by RNA viruses are among the greatest threats to the health of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) predominantly when the parasitic Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) functions as a vector and incubator of these viruses. While research on RNA viruses in bees has been intensifying around the world, in Australia, information about RNA viruses is limited to managed hives of A. mellifera, but no information is available for unmanaged, wild colonies of A. mellifera, introduced bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) or solitary bees. While knowledge of the distribution of RNA viruses is important in the context of managing and understanding bee declines, it is also important to have baseline data of prevalence and distributions of RNA viruses prior to an incursion of the Varroa mite. The mite is known to influence the infectivity and virulence of different viruses, but so far, baseline data that allow proper monitoring of this process have been scant. Hence, a survey of the RNA viruses carried by Australian bees is timely and necessary. For many decades, A. mellifera has been perceived as the original and only host of a range of RNA viruses. However, recently “honey bee” RNA viruses have been detected in different species of non-Apis bees. This raises questions regarding the original hosts and the direction of transmission of these RNA viruses. Our study confirms the association of some RNA viruses with native bees and show that the probability of South Australian native bees carrying Black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Sacbrood virus (SBV) is higher in non-arid areas with abundant managed and feral A. mellifera. Furthermore, the results indicate that BQCV and SBV were introduced into Australia with A. mellifera. Since the introduction of B. terrestris onto the Australian island of Tasmania in 1992 from New Zealand, no research has been undertaken to determine whether these bees had brought new viruses to the island. Australia is free of a number of RNA viruses including the epidemic Deformed wing virus (DWV), which is present in New Zealand. Using RT-PCR, we found that Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and SBV are present and shared between Tasmanian B. terrestris and A. mellifera, while BQCV was detected only in A. mellifera. Because we did not find DWV in either A. mellifera or B. terrestris, we conclude that introduction of the latter species did not coincide with introduction of this virus. While this is the first report of KBV in Tasmania, we believe it may have been previously detected but misclassified. Recent studies have reported RNA interference (RNAi) as an immune response of A. mellifera to different RNA viruses. The RNAi pathway is activated by presence of doublestranded RNA and degrades the viral genome in 21-22 nucleotides-long small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). siRNAs matching different RNA viruses have been reported in A. mellifera, but generation of a complete viral genome using assembly of siRNAs has not been achieved. Our results show that A. mellifera larvae activate the RNA interference (RNAi) immune response in the presence of SBV. We generate three complete SBV genomes from three individual larvae from different hives in a single apiary, and demonstrated the presence of different SBV quasispecies within the country. In summary, this study provides new insights into the epidemiology and ecology of bee RNA viruses. This information is important for understanding the impact of RNA viruses in bee health and for elaboration of mitigation or control strategies.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2017.

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: Yun-Hwa Peggy Hsieh, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences , Dept. of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 2, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 115 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

The aim of this study was to explore and describe the use of music therapy during intervention with primary school girls who have been sexually abused. An empirical study of limited extent was undertaken, which was qualitative in nature and conducted from the interpretivist paradigm. In depth case study was used as research design, whilst educational psychological assessments, intervention and re-assessments, observation, interviews, analysis of documentation, field notes and a reflective diary were employed as data gathering methods. Two primary school girls in a place of safety were selected as participants in the study. Despite the fact that these girls had to cope with the trauma of sexual abuse, they had to deal with emotions and behaviour closely related to such trauma, including depression, aggression, fear, hate, inappropriate interpersonal relationships, sleeping disorders, low self-concept and behavioural difficulties. The findings of the empirical study are supported by literature, namely that music therapy can provide a safe setting to children for revealing their emotions, fears and needs related to trauma, such as sexual abuse. Music therapy had a positive effect on both cases, who illustrated positive change during the process of intervention and were able to replace negative experiences with positive emotions. Further findings of this nature include an improvement of both girls’ ability to express themselves on an emotional level, self-confidence, assertiveness, self-concepts, social skills and interpersonal relationships, as well as a decline in negative behavioural patterns and symptoms. Subsequently, both girls could perform on a higher level on all various domains of functioning.
Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
In order to guarantee the value found to have been lost to the State in the context of the extended confiscation, the legislator enshrined seizure as a measure of patrimonial guarantee for the effect of that loss on the eventual case of conviction. However, the procedural regulation is guided by a lack of clarity in the law and by successive remissions which, in no way, contribute to the proper application of the measure. Therefore, in the light of the current regime and given that the seizure within the extended confiscation regulation is "special" in relation to the seizure enshrined in the Criminal Procedural Code, it is arguable that a more densified regulation is possible to achieve.In order to guarantee the value found to have been lost to the State in the context of the extended confiscation, the legislator enshrined seizure as a measure of patrimonial guarantee for the effect of that loss on the eventual case of conviction. However, the procedural regulation is guided by a lack of clarity in the law and by successive remissions which, in no way, contribute to the proper application of the measure. Therefore, in the light of the current regime and given that the seizure within the extended confiscation regulation is "special" in relation to the seizure enshrined in the Criminal Procedural Code, it is arguable that a more densified regulation is possible to achieve.In order to guarantee the value found to have been lost to the State in the context of the extended confiscation, the legislator enshrined seizure as a measure of patrimonial guarantee for the effect of that loss on the eventual case of conviction. However, the procedural regulation is guided by a lack of clarity in the law and by successive remissions which, in no way, contribute to the proper application of the measure. Therefore, in the light of the current regime and given that the seizure within the extended confiscation regulation is "special" in relation to the seizure enshrined in the Criminal Procedural Code, it is arguable that a more densified regulation is possible to achieve.
Para garantia do valor apurado como perdido a favor do Estado no âmbito da perda alargada, o legislador consagrou o arresto como medida de garantia patrimonial para efetivação dessa perda numa eventual condenação. No entanto, o regime processual pauta-se por uma falta de clareza da lei e por sucessivas remissões que em nada contribuem para uma devida aplicação da medida. Destarte, à luz do atual regime e atendendo a que o regime do arresto da perda alargada assume uma natureza “especial” em relação ao arresto consagrado no CPP, é defensável uma possível regulação mais densificada.Para garantia do valor apurado como perdido a favor do Estado no âmbito da perda alargada, o legislador consagrou o arresto como medida de garantia patrimonial para efetivação dessa perda numa eventual condenação. No entanto, o regime processual pauta-se por uma falta de clareza da lei e por sucessivas remissões que em nada contribuem para uma devida aplicação da medida. Destarte, à luz do atual regime e atendendo a que o regime do arresto da perda alargada assume uma natureza “especial” em relação ao arresto consagrado no CPP, é defensável uma possível regulação mais densificada.Para garantia do valor apurado como perdido a favor do Estado no âmbito da perda alargada, o legislador consagrou o arresto como medida de garantia patrimonial para efetivação dessa perda numa eventual condenação. No entanto, o regime processual pauta-se por uma falta de clareza da lei e por sucessivas remissões que em nada contribuem para uma devida aplicação da medida. Destarte, à luz do atual regime e atendendo a que o regime do arresto da perda alargada assume uma natureza “especial” em relação ao arresto consagrado no CPP, é defensável uma possível regulação mais densificada.

M.Sc. (Biochemistry)
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. Although it is vital for the normal development of mammals, too much Mn can be harmful. Most reported cases of toxicity have been found in occupational settings, such as welding, mining and ferro-manganese (FeMn) production plants. Long-term overexposure to Mn can result in lung epithelial necrosis and the development of a neurological disease, manganism. Even though evidence of Mn-associated diseases exists, some epidemiological studies have found no association between occupational exposure levels and possible indicators of neurotoxic effects. It is, therefore, important to establish Mn toxicity and the mechanisms involved in this toxicity, for a possible identification of biomarkers of exposure and effect. The hypothesis formulated states that, FeMn particulate matter consists of nano and micro sized particles that, upon inhalation, may cause injury to the lungs and translocate to the brain. Since Mn-induced injury to the brain and lungs is a possibility, this study aimed to investigate the effects of FeMn dust, which was collected from a FeMn smelter works, on primary rat astrocytes and human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. This was achieved by first characterizing the physicochemical properties of the particles by using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) for size distribution, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for surface area determination and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for elemental composition analysis. Cells were treated with 5, 10, 25 μg/cm2 FeMn, and particle uptake, by astrocytes and BEAS-2B cells, was confirmed using dark field microscopy e.g. Cytoviva® hyperspectral imaging system. The viability and toxicity of FeMn was studied using the conventional toxicity assay systems, including 3-bis [2-Methoxy-4- nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide salt (XTT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. It was, however, established that FeMn particles interfere with the final read-out produced by some of these assay systems. Therefore, a rare application of the xCELLigence real time cell analysis (RTCA) system was implemented, as a better option, in the assessment of the toxicity and viability of cells in the presence of FeMn particles. The ability of FeMn particles to cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in both cell types was also determined using the alkaline comet assay. Finally, the nuclear translocation of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κB), was studied using Western blotting. The results showed that FeMn, in a dose dependent manner, could enter the cell, decrease the viability, induce DNA damage, and initiate nuclear transport of the studied transcription factors. The same methodologies were implemented to determine the physicochemical properties of Min- U-Sil 5 crystalline silica, used as a positive control, to assess its toxicity and effect on cellular viability. As well as its ability to induce DNA damage and initiate nuclear translocation of the two transcription factors, in astrocytes and BEAS-2B cells. Similar to FeMn particles, crystalline silica also enters the cells with subsequent reduction in cellular viability. It results in increased DNA damage and increased nuclear translocation of the studied transcription factors. The effects of crystalline silica on these cellular effects were, however, always higher than those produced by FeMn particles. To conclude, these results indicate that depending on the size distribution of particles in the work environment, they may enter different regions of the lungs. However, for those particles in the nano size region, direct access to the brain is a possibility. These results also indicate that after deposition in the target organ, these particles will produce cellular changes through oxidative stress. This would lead to inflammation, decreased cellular viability and increased toxicity.

È ormai opinione consolidata che lo stile di vita comporta risvolti e conseguenze sullo stato di salute generale di una persona. Tuttavia, meno consolidato e dimostrato è l'assunto che oltre ad uno stile di vita, rappresentato principalmente da alimentazione ed attività fisica, incidono anche variabili che si riferiscono all’ambito socio-economico. L’istruzione, la disoccupazione, il reddito, le disparità, la povertà, la criminalità, la situazione abitativa e l’intesa sociale ad esempio sono tutti elementi che possono influire sulla salute. Da questo punto di vista può risultare significativo esplorare variabili e relazioni statistiche tra lo stile di vita, il benessere e la qualità di vita della persona, fattori economici, sociali e di salute. Lo scopo è, attraverso l’applicazione di algoritmi statistici e di Machine Learning (ML), ricercare pattern, relazioni, correlazioni, causalità tra le differenti variabili socio-economiche. Nello stato dell’arte corrente algoritmi di ML permettono di identificare nuovi segnali predittivi dell’insorgenza di alcune malattie o di individuare correlazioni non ancora note fra i risultati di diversi esami clinici comunemente prescritti, patologie e farmaci somministrati. Una medicina predittiva e preventiva abilita anche ad una personalizzazione terapeutica e comportamentale. Una presa di coscienza del paziente può renderlo partecipe e consapevole nella facoltà di poter modificare la sua condotta di vita in una fase anticipatoria, o nelle fasi iniziali di malattia di condividere il processo di cura con il medico che lo assiste. L’analisi proposta deve essere effettuata, seppur in maniera sperimentale, prototipale e circostanziata, allo stato attuale del contesto sanitario italiano, delle tecnologie, delle organizzazioni e delle normative esistenti sul trattamento dei dati. Il progetto descritto da questa tesi è quello di realizzare un prototipo di sistema che permetta di predirre i fattori di rischio per la salute andando a ricercare causalità e correlazioni tra le differenti condizioni psico-fisiche e la situazione socio-economico individuale. Il raggiungimento di questo obbiettivo dipende dalla realizzazione di alcuni punti essenziali: • individuazione di una sorgente dati clinico-medica di partenza (Electronic Health Record); • organizzazione e persone; • metodi e strumenti tecnologici per la raccolta dei dati socio-economici; • pre-elaborazione e allineamento dati clinici e socio-economici; • costruzione dataset clinico e socio economico; • analisi statistica ed approcci di ML per ricercare causalità e correlazioni tra le differenti condizioni psico-fisiche e la situazione socio-economico individuale. Come primo step, la tesi mira a cogliere le difficoltà e problematiche per collezionare un dataset clinico e socio-economico. I risultati preliminari, dell’analisi statistica ed approcci di ML su questo dataset eterogeneo, possono gettare le basi allo sviluppo di un sistema clinico di supporto alle decisioni che ha come obiettivo quello di erogare una medicina preventiva. I contributi di questo lavoro rispetto allo stato dell’arte sono: • Realizzazione di un dataset intersezione di ambiti, in particolare medico-socio economico, su cui effettuare studi longitudinali. Il dataset è stato costruito estrapolando le informazioni degli EHR di medicina generale dei medici di famiglia, unite a variabili sociali, ispirate e riconducibili agli indici per il Benessere Equo e Sostenibile (BES) definiti dall'ISTAT; • Analisi statistica su variabili cliniche e socio economiche (tra lo stile di vita, il benessere e la qualità di vita della persona e fattori economici, sociali e di salute) per individuare correlazioni tra le differenti condizioni psico-fisiche e la situazione socio-economico individuale; • Stima preliminare di un sub-indice di età biologica con un modello di ML. I pre-dittori vengono ricavati dagli indicatori sullo stile di vita e dalle caratteristichecliniche dei pazienti estratte dall’EHR proposto. L'analisi ed il confronto simultaneo delle correlazioni applicato al dataset di relazione realizzato, evidenzia, per alcune variabili socio-economiche, una significativa correlazione con le variabili di tipo cliniche. I coefficienti risultano particolarmente elevati se calcolati per fasce di età, oltre i 50 anni e soprattutto nel cluster 50-60 anni. La Retta per circolo sportivo e la Soddisfazione economica hanno un’alta correlazione inversa (negativa) con la prescrizione dei farmaci: un alto numero di farmaci prescritti è correlato con l’assenza della retta per il circolo sportivo e una bassa soddisfazione economica. Più esiti di esami diagnostici prescritti corrispondono ad una bassa fiducia generalizzata nelle persone.
It is now a matter of fact that lifestyle has implications and consequences on a person's general health. However, less consolidated and proven is the assumption that in addition to a lifestyle, mainly represented by nutrition and physical activity, variables that refer to the socio-economic area also affect. Education, unemployment, income, inequalities, poverty, crime, housing and social understanding, for example, are all elements that can have health affect. From this point of view, it can be significant to explore variables and statistical relationships between a person's lifestyle, well-being and quality of life, economic, social and health factors. The purpose is, through the application of statistical algorithms and Machine Learning (ML), to search for patterns, relationships, correlations, causality between the different socio-economic variables. In the current state of the art, ML algorithms allow to identify new predictive signals of the onset of certain diseases or to identify correlations not yet known between the results of various commonly prescribed clinical tests, pathologies and drugs administered. A predictive and preventive medicine also enables a therapeutic and behavioral personalization. Awareness of the patient can make him participate and aware in the faculty of being able to change his life conduct in an anticipatory phase, or in the initial stages of illness, to share the treatment process with the doctor who assists him. The proposed analysis must be carried out, albeit in an experimental, prototype and detailed manner, in the current state of the Italian healthcare context, technologies, organizations and existing regulations on data processing. The project described by this thesis is to create a prototype of a system that allows to predict the risk factors for health by searching for causality and correlations between the different psycho-physical conditions and the individual socio-economic situation. The achievement of this goal depends on the realization of some essential points: • identification of a starting clinical-medically data source (Electronic Health Record); • organization and people; • methods and technological tools for the collection of socio-economic data; • pre-processing and alignment of clinical and socio-economic data; • construction of a clinical and socio-economic dataset; • statistical analysis and ML approaches to search for causality and correlations between the different psycho-physical conditions and the individual socio-economic situation. As a first step, the thesis aims to grasp the difficulties and problems to collect a clinical and socio-economic dataset. The preliminary results, from the statistical analysis and ML approaches on this heterogeneous dataset, can lay the foundations for the development of a clinical decision support system that aims to provide preventive medicine. The contributions of this work to the state of the art are: • Creation of an intersection dataset of areas, in particular medical-socio-economic, on which to carry out longitudinal studies. The dataset was constructed by extrapolating the information from the general medicine EHRs of family doctors, combined with social variables, inspired by and attributable to the indices for Fair and Sustainable Wellbeing (BES) defined by ISTAT; • Statistical analysis on clinical and socio-economic variables (between the lifestyle, well-being and quality of life of the person and economic, social and health factors) to identify correlations between the different psycho-physical conditions and the socio-economic situation individual; • Preliminary estimate of a biological age sub-index with an ML model. The predictors are derived from lifestyle indicators and patient clinical characteristics extracted from the proposed EHR. The simultaneous analysis and comparison of the correlations applied to the relationship dataset produced shows, for some socio-economic variables, a significant correlation with the clinical variables. The coefficients are particularly high if calculated for age groups, over 50 years and especially in the 50-60 cluster age. The attend at a sport club and economic satisfaction have a high inverse (negative) correlation with the prescription of drugs: a high number of drugs prescribed is correlated with the non attend to a sport club and low economic satisfaction. More outcomes and prescribed diagnostic tests correspond to a generalized low trust toward people.

O presente trabalho tem como objecto a análise das possibilidades de concretização dos direitos económicos e sociais por via judicial a partir do exame do tipo das normas/directrizes que se podem extrair do modelo constitucionalmente consagrado para aqueles direitos, procurando responder à questão de saber que tipo de obrigações e direitos se podem retirar das normas constitucionais consagradoras de direitos económicos e sociais. Considerando as consequências que a execução judicial desses direitos exerce ao nível das políticas públicas, a nossa abordagem procura avaliar até que ponto é função dos Tribunais pronunciarem-se sobre as formas de realização daqueles direitos, se podem ou não extrair, directamente, das respectivas normas direitos a prestações e determinar de forma coerciva a sua implementação, e em caso afirmativo que critérios poderão ou deverão orientar o julgador no correspondente processo decisório. A nossa análise parte de uma reflexão crítica do debate contemporâneo sobre as diversas concepções de liberdade procurando reflectir sobre o tipo de justiça e de liberdade que se deseja e acredita serem razoáveis numa sociedade democrática de direito e quais as respecitvas consequências no sistema de protecção dos direitos económicos e sociais. A nossa abordadgem passa ainda por (i) uma leitura dos direitos económicos e sociais inserida na estrutura de valores das escolhas sociais que parte de uma reformulação da visão tradicional da economia de bem-estar, desenvolvida por Amartya Sen, e da sua releitura de acordo com uma perspectiva normativa que procura introduzir julgamentos de valor na análise de bem-estar e avaliar a liberdade-inclusiva como aquela que não pode senão corresponder ao reconhecimento e exercício pelos indivíduos de direitos mínimos; e (ii) uma proposta de construção do conteúdo essencial daqueles direitos por meio da inserção no tratamento das respectivas possibilidades de realização da abordagem das capabilities, e da sua interpretação como o espaço de direitos e prerrogativas que determina o conjunto de oportunidades de concretização das condições de liberdade, igualdade e dignidade de cada indivíduo. Por fim, verificadas as possibilidades de realização judicial a nossa investigação culmina com as respostas à questão de saber até que ponto capability approach se pode afigurar como um padrão justificiável para os direitos económicos e sociais, quais as suas possibilidades e limites e que considerações poderão auxiliar o julgador no processo de tomada de decisão.
The aim of this essay is to address the possibilities for judicial protection of economic and social rights by inquiring what type of norms/guidelines can be extracted from the constitutionally enshrined model for those rights, and seeking to answer the question regarding what kind of obligations and rights can be withdrawn from said constitutional design. Considering the consequences that the judicial enforcement of these rights has at the level of public policies, our approach seeks to assess the extent to which it is Courts’ role to accommodate concerns and revindications arising from those rights, if they can directly extract from the respective norms rights to performance, and to coercively determine its implementation, and what criteria can or should guide the judge in the corresponding decision-making process. Our approach starts with a critical analysis of the contemporary debate of the different conceptions of liberty, seeking to reflect on the type of justice and freedom that is desired and believed to be reasonable in a democratic society and what are the respective consequences for the system of protection of economic and social rights. Our analysis also involves (i) a reading of economic and social rights inserted in the structure of social choices values whose starting point is a reformulation of the traditional view of the welfare economics, developed by Amartya Sen, and its reinterpretation according to a normative perspective that seeks to introduce value judgments in the well-being analysis and evaluate freedom-inclusive as corresponding to the recognition and exercise by individuals of minimum rights; and (ii) a proposal of construction of the minimum core content of those rights through the insertion of the capabilities approach on its analysis, and its interpretation as the space of rights and prerogatives that determines the set of opportunities for realizing the conditions of freedom, equality and dignity for each individual. Finally, once the possibilities for judicial adjudication are verified, our analysis culminates with the answers to the question concerning how far the capability approach appears as a justifiable standard for economic and social rights, what are its possibilities and limits and what considerations may assist the judge in the decision-making process.