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1
Batchuluun, Buyanjargal, Jens Wunderlich, and Michael Schmitt. "Diversity of beetles (Coleoptera) in natural and planted saxaul forests (Haloxylon ammodendron) in the South Gobi Desert, Mongolia." ZooKeys 1000 (December 3, 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1000.56856.
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We investigated species composition and diversity parameters of beetle communities in two planted saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron, black saxaul) forests in Southern Mongolia. We also studied nearby natural areas for comparison. Beetles were mainly collected by pitfall traps. 1064 individuals of 38 species of 22 genera in 4 beetle families were identified from planted plots. In comparison, a total of 1395 beetles belonging to 40 species of 24 genera in seven families were collected and identified from the natural saxaul plots. The most diverse beetle families were darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae, 18 species) and snout beetles (Curculionidae, 15 species) in planted and natural saxaul plots. We recorded several species (Apatophysis serricornis, Cephogenia chinensis, and Eumylada punctifera punctifera) which are associated with the saxaul tree. A darkling beetle, Anatolica potanini, was the dominant species in both natural and planted plots of the Nariin Zag forest. There were significant differences in the species richness and abundance between the planted and natural plots of the Ukhaa Zag forest. It is possible that the age of the plantation drove the differences. The higher values of diversity indices and species richness in the planted plots can be explained by the presence of rare species, represented by only one or two individuals. The planted plots and corresponding natural plots within each forest were more similar to each other in species composition and abundance than between forests.
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MÜLLER, JÖRG, and RUDOLF SCHUH. "A new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) from Iran." Zootaxa 5005, no. 3 (2021): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.3.12.
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The Hyrcanian Forest, located south of the Caspian Sea, represents a remarkably intact temperate forest ecosystem containing large numbers of endemic plants and animals, including beetles. Here we describe a new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Solier, 1834) as the currently most eastern Tarphius species known. Tarphius hyrcanicus n. sp. is the first Tarphius species recorded from the Middle East. Its habitat and geographic positions are also reported. The discovery of this presumably endemic species in the Hyrcanian Forest underlines the importance of this Tertiary forest relict in the conservation of the biodiversity of temperate forests.
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Schulze, E. D., L. Bouriaud, H. Bussler, et al. "Opinion Paper: Forest management and biodiversity." Web Ecology 14, no. 1 (2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-14-3-2014.
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Abstract. In this opinion paper we investigate the effects of forest management on animal and plant biodiversity by comparing protected areas with intensively and extensively managed forests in Germany and in Romania. We want to know the extent to which differences in diversity of Romanian compared to German forests are based on management. The number of tree species was not different in protected and managed forests ranging between 1.8 and 2.6 species per plot in Germany and 1.3 and 4.0 in Romania. Also herbaceous species were independent of management, ranging between 13 species per plot in protected forests of Romania and 38 species per plot in German coniferous forest. Coarse woody debris was generally low, also in protected forests (14 to 39 m3 ha−1). The main difference between Romania and Germany was the volume of standing dead trees (9 to 28 m3 ha−1 for Romania), which resulted in larger numbers of forest relict saproxylic beetles independent of management. Large predators (wolves, bears and lynxes) are only found in regions with low human intervention. Thus, we identified a "cut and leave" type of management in Romania, in which clear-felling of forest are followed by long periods of no human intervention. Forests managed in the "cut and leave" mode contained the highest diversity, due to a natural succession of plant species and due to habitat continuity for animals. In Germany intensive management eliminates poorly formed tree individual and species of low market value during stand development. Forest protection does not ensure the maintenance of more light demanding key species of earlier stages of succession unless competition by shade-tolerant competitors is reduced through disturbances. We compare the economics of intensive and extensive management. The "cut and leave" mode delivers less wood to the wood market, but saves expenses of tending, thinning and administration. Thus the net income could be quite similar to intensive management at a higher level of biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that forest protection per se does not yet ensure the maintenance of species. Clear-felling followed by natural succession may even be superior to the protection of old growth forests, regarding biodiversity. Further research is needed to substantiate this hypothesis.
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SABU, THOMAS K., S. NITHYA, and K. V. VINOD. "Faunal survey, endemism and possible species loss of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India." Zootaxa 2830, no. 1 (2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2830.1.3.
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Species composition, distribution patterns and endemism are outlined for the dung beetles in the ecoregions of the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India. Among the 142 dung beetle species known, 35 are endemic to the Western Ghats; 29 are endemic to the moist South Western Ghats; 25 are regionally endemic to the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion; and one each to the Malabar Coast moist deciduous forest ecoregion and the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion. Five species, including the 3 flightless species, are local endemics to the upper montane tropical montane cloud forests. The montane rain forests ecoregion has the highest number of endemics in the moist south Western Ghats and the moist deciduous forests ecoregion and Malabar Coast moist deciduous forest ecoregion have the lowest levels of endemism. Of the 137 dung beetle species known prior to the deforestation and habitat modification of the region, only 87 have been collected recently.
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Habel, Jan Christian, Elisabeth Koc, Roland Gerstmeier, Axel Gruppe, Sebastian Seibold, and Werner Ulrich. "Insect diversity across an afro-tropical forest biodiversity hotspot." Journal of Insect Conservation 25, no. 2 (2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00293-z.
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Abstract Tropical forests host a remarkable proportion of global arthropod diversity. Yet, arthropod communities living in tropical forests are still poorly studied, particularly for dry forests of Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to analyse community structures, species richness and relative abundances of insects across a heterogeneous forest consisting of various forest types. We collected insects in the lower canopies with light traps across the Arabuko Sokoke forest, part of the East African coastal forest biodiversity hotspot in southeast Kenya. Sampling was conducted across three forest types and along the forest edge. In total we collected > 250,000 individuals. We grouped these individuals into orders, and beetles into (sub)families. Representatives of the taxonomically well-known beetle families Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae and Scolytinae were further determined to species level. We subsequently classified these groups into guilds according to their ecological requirements and life-histories. Relative abundances of arthropods strongly differed among taxonomic groups and forest types. Evenness was highest in the heterogeneous natural Brachystegia forest type. The mixed forest type and the forest edges showed intermediate degrees of evenness, while the structurally homogenous Cynometra forest showed comparatively low degrees of evenness. Implications for insect conservation We found that taxonomic and guild compositions strongly differed among the forest types. Our findings reveal that structural heterogeneity of a forest is the major driver of insect diversity, community composition, and relative abundance. Our study underlines that the preservation of all three forest types is crucial to maintain the complete diversity of arthropods across all taxonomic groups.
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Ariza, Gloria Maria, Jorge Jácome, Héctor Eduardo Esquivel, and D. Johan Kotze. "Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 877–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59475.
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Little is known about the successional dynamics of insects in the highly threatened tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem. For the first time, we studied the response of carabid beetles to vegetal succession and seasonality in this ecosystem in Colombia. Carabid beetles were collected from three TDF habitat types in two regions in Colombia: initial successional state (pasture), early succession, and intermediate succession (forest). The surveys were performed monthly for 13 months in one of the regions (Armero) and during two months, one in the dry and one in the wet season, in the other region (Cambao). A set of environmental variables were recorded per month at each site. Twenty-four carabid beetle species were collected during the study. Calosoma alternans and Megacephala affinis were the most abundant species, while most species were of low abundance. Forest and pasture beetle assemblages were distinct, while the early succession assemblage overlapped with these assemblages. Canopy cover, litter depth, and soil and air temperatures were important in structuring the assemblages. Even though seasonality did not affect the carabid beetle assemblage, individual species responded positively to the wet season. It is shown that early successional areas in TDF could potentially act as habitat corridors for species to recolonize forest areas, since these successional areas host a number of species that inhabit forests and pastures. Climatic variation, like the El Niño episode during this study, appears to affect the carabid beetle assemblage negatively, exasperating concerns of this already threatened tropical ecosystem.
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Zumstein, Pascale, Helge Bruelheide, Andreas Fichtner, et al. "What shapes ground beetle assemblages in a tree species-rich subtropical forest?" ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 907–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.63803.
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As woody plants provide much of the trophic basis for food webs in forests their species richness, but also stand age and numerous further variables such as vegetation structure, soil properties and elevation can shape assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, the combined impact of these numerous variables on ground beetle diversity and community structure has rarely been studied simultaneously. Therefore, ground beetles were studied in 27 plots in a highly diverse and structurally heterogeneous subtropical forest ecosystem, the Gutianshan National Park (southeast China) using pitfall traps and flight interception traps. Both trapping methods collected partly overlapping species spectra. The arboreal fauna was dominated by lebiines and to a smaller extent by tiger beetles and platynines; the epigeic fauna comprised mostly representatives of the genus Carabus and numerous tribes, especially anisodactylines, pterostichines, and sphodrines. Ground beetle species richness, abundance, and biomass of the pitfall trap catches were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), fitted with seven environmental variables. Four of these variables influenced the ground beetle assemblages: Canopy cover, herb cover, pH-value of the topsoil and elevation. Contrary to our expectations, woody plant species richness and stand age did not significantly affect ground beetle assemblages. Thus, ground beetles seem to respond differently to environmental variables than ants and spiders, two other predominantly predatory arthropod groups that were studied on the same plots in our study area and which showed distinct relationships with woody plant richness. Our results highlight the need to study a wider range of taxa to achieve a better understanding of how environmental changes affect species assemblages and their functioning in forest ecosystems.
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Hammond, H. E. James, Sergio García-Tejero, Greg R. Pohl, David W. Langor, and John R. Spence. "Spatial and temporal variation of epigaeic beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in aspen-dominated mixedwood forests across north-central Alberta." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 951–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.65776.
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Epigaeic beetle assemblages were surveyed using continuous pitfall trapping during the summers of 1992 and 1993 in six widely geographically distributed locations in Alberta’s aspen-mixedwood forests prior to initial forest harvest. Species composition and turnover (β-diversity) were evaluated on several spatial scales ranging from Natural Regions (distance between samples 120–420 km) to pitfall traps (40–60 m). A total of 19,885 ground beetles (Carabidae) representing 40 species and 12,669 rove beetles (non-AleocharinaeStaphylinidae) representing 78 species was collected. Beetle catch, species richness, and diversity differed significantly among the six locations, as did the identity of dominant species. Beetle species composition differed significantly between the Boreal Forest and Foothills Natural Regions for both taxa. Staphylinidae β-diversity differed significantly between Natural Regions, whereas Carabidae β-diversity differed among locations. Climate variables such as number of frost-free days, dry periods, and mean summer temperatures were identified as significant factors influencing beetle assemblages at coarse spatial scales, whereas over- and understory vegetation cover, litter depth, shade, slope, and stand age influenced beetle assemblages at finer spatial scales. Significant interannual variation in assemblage structure was noted for both taxa. Because composition of epigaeic beetle assemblages differed across spatial scales, forest management strategies based only on generalized understanding of a single location will be ineffective as conservation measures. In addition, site history and geographic variation significantly affect species distributions of these two beetle families across the landscape. Thus, we underscore Terry Erwin’s suggestion that biodiversity assessments focused on species assemblages at different spatial scales provide a sound approach for understanding biodiversity change and enhancing conservation of arthropod biodiversity.
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Chouangthavy, Bounsanong, Khankeo Bouttavong, Johnny Louangphan, et al. "Beetle biodiversity in forest habitats in Laos depends on the level of human exploitation." Journal of Insect Conservation 24, no. 5 (2020): 833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-020-00255-x.
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Abstract Coleopteran diversity was compared between more and less disturbed lowland evergreen deciduous forests located in Phou Phanang National protected area, Lao PDR. Using window traps and pitfall traps and collecting beetles from March until December 2018, a total of 6243 specimens were obtained. The number of morphospecies found in the less disturbed forest was significantly higher as compared to the more disturbed forest. Slightly more morphospecies were found in the window traps compared to pitfall traps and a significantly higher number of morphospecies were found in the wet season (June and September collections), compared to the dry season (March and December collections). Similarly, more than twice as many specimens were found in the less disturbed forest, compared to the more disturbed forest and also again more were found in the wet season, in particular predators. The data presented here indicate that so far largely undisturbed forests in Lao PDR need to be better protected from human exploitation such as logging.
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Matsuoka, Steven M., Colleen M. Handel, and Daniel R. Ruthrauff. "Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an Alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 9 (2001): 1678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-130.
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We examined bird and plant communities among forest stands with different levels of spruce mortality following a large outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Spruce beetles avoided stands with black spruce (Picea mariana) and selectively killed larger diameter white spruce (Picea glauca), thereby altering forest structure and increasing the dominance of black spruce in the region. Alders (Alnus sp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) were more abundant in areas with heavy spruce mortality, possibly a response to the death of overstory spruce. Grasses and herbaceous plants did not proliferate as has been recorded following outbreaks in more coastal Alaskan forests. Two species closely tied to coniferous habitats, the tree-nesting Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), a major nest predator, were less abundant in forest stands with high spruce mortality than in low-mortality stands. Understory-nesting birds as a group were more abundant in forest stands with high levels of spruce mortality, although the response of individual bird species to tree mortality was variable. Birds breeding in stands with high spruce mortality likely benefited reproductively from lower squirrel densities and a greater abundance of shrubs to conceal nests from predators.
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Riley Peterson, Kathryn N., Robert A. Browne, and Terry L. Erwin. "Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 831–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340.
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Although tropical regions harbor the greatest arthropod diversity on Earth, the majority of species are taxonomically and scientifically unknown. Furthermore, how they are organized into functional communities and distributed among habitats is mostly unstudied. Here we examine species richness, diversity, and community composition of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and compare them between flooded (FP) and non-flooded terra firme (TF) forests in the Yasuní area of Ecuador. The forest understory was sampled using flight intercept traps (FITs) and systematic hand collections at night in June and July 2011 and 2012, and FITs in October and November 2011. A total of 1,255 Carabidae representing 20 tribes, 54 genera, and 143 morphospecies was collected. Mean number of individuals and mean species richness did not differ significantly between FP and TF; however, numbers of Cicindelini (tiger beetles) and Pentagonicini were higher in TF forest while numbers of Lachnophorini and Scaritini were higher in FP forest. Overall, FP had significantly higher rarefied richness but extrapolation of rarefaction curves using the Chao1 nonparametric diversity estimator show that this difference may decrease with additional sampling. The inverse Simpson index was significantly higher for FP than TF forest. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and dissimilarity coefficient values show that FP and TF forests maintain unique assemblages with minimal overlap in community composition. Given ongoing anthropogenic pressures, particularly petroleum extraction, and those resulting from climate change, a greater understanding of the richness, diversity and community assemblages of Yasuní rainforest are needed to better conserve the fauna of this megadiverse area of Amazonia.
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Foley, Carolyn J., and Jeffrey D. Holland. "Do flying beetles respond to human-dominated landscapes as complex mosaics or binary patterns." Landscape Online 16 (February 5, 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.200916.
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Understanding and measuring functional connectivity for animals with habitats that have been fragmented by human activity requires that the biology and movement of the species be considered. We used least cost paths in GIS to test hypotheses regarding how different species of longhorned beetles likely connect habitats with dispersal. We predicted that there would be differences in the functional connectivity of landscapes depending on species larval niche breadth, adult feeding habits, and the potential for use of non-forest habitats. For the species with very specialized larvae, we developed a classification tree to determine areas likely to contain the appropriate species of host tree. Connectivity calculated using least cost paths did not out-perform Euclidean distances for three generalist beetles. This was also the case for the specialist beetle species when all forest was considered habitat. However, when we delineated habitat based on areas likely to support the host tree the functional connectivity incorporating least cost paths was a much better predictor than that using Euclidean distances. Generalists may respond to fragmented habitat in a binary habitat-matrix way while more specialized species may respond to a mosaic. These trends are obscured if habitat is defined by human perceptions rather than species biology.
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Foley, Carolyn J., and Jeffrey D. Holland. "Do flying beetles respond to human-dominated landscapes as complex mosaics or binary patterns." Landscape Online 16 (February 5, 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201016.
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Understanding and measuring functional connectivity for animals with habitats that have been fragmented by human activity requires that the biology and movement of the species be considered. We used least cost paths in GIS to test hypotheses regarding how different species of longhorned beetles likely connect habitats with dispersal. We predicted that there would be differences in the functional connectivity of landscapes depending on species larval niche breadth, adult feeding habits, and the potential for use of non-forest habitats. For the species with very specialized larvae, we developed a classification tree to determine areas likely to contain the appropriate species of host tree. Connectivity calculated using least cost paths did not out-perform Euclidean distances for three generalist beetles. This was also the case for the specialist beetle species when all forest was considered habitat. However, when we delineated habitat based on areas likely to support the host tree the functional connectivity incorporating least cost paths was a much better predictor than that using Euclidean distances. Generalists may respond to fragmented habitat in a binary habitat-matrix way while more specialized species may respond to a mosaic. These trends are obscured if habitat is defined by human perceptions rather than species biology.
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Kirichenko-Babko, M. B., L. I. Kobzar, J. M. Danylkiv, G. Łagód, and M. Franus. "Distribution of the Carabid Species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Woodlands of the Protected and Urban Areas (North of Ukraine)." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 2 (2019): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0009.
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Abstract The assemblages of ground beetles of forest areas of the northern part of Ukraine were studied: Polisky Nature Reserve (PNR) and urban parks of Kyiv City. In general, 88 species of carabids of 29 genera were observed in the studied areas. Thirty-one forest species were found in the studied territories, of which 22 species were registered in urban parks, and 17 species within the PNR. In all investigated areas, the number of forest species was lower, than open-habitat species and generalists species. Today, based on data on the occurrence and abundance of carabid species, forests in urban areas can be considered as refugia for many forest species, in particular, protected and endangered species — Abax parallelus, Carabus glabratus, Carabus menetriesi and Cychrus caraboides. The results of cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and detrended correspondence analysis showed the difference between the forests of the PNR and the urban parks. In addition, the species richness of the PNR were lower than in urban parks. The results of the study showed that urban parks can be considered as important elements for the future management and conservation of landscapes.
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Putchkov, Alexander. "Ground beetles of the Ukraine (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." ZooKeys 100 (May 20, 2011): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1545.
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A review of the ground beetles of the Ukrainian fauna is given. Almost 750 species from 117 genera of Carabidae are known to occur in the Ukraine. Approximately 450 species of ground beetles are registered in the Carpathian region. No less than 300 species of ground beetles are found in the forest zone. Approximately 400 species of Carabidae present in the forest-steppe zone are relatively similar in species composition to those in the forest territories. Some 450 species of Carabidae are inhabitants of the steppe zone. Representatives of many other regions of heterogeneous biotopes such as forest, semi desert, intrazonal, etc. can be found in the steppe areas. The fauna of Carabidae (ca. 100 species) of the lowlands of southern Ukraine (sandy biotopes), situated mostly in the Kherson region, is very peculiar. The fauna of the Crimean mountains contains about 300 species. Conservation measures for the Carabidae are discussed.
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KIRKENDALL, LAWRENCE R., and FRODE ØDEGAARD. "Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in southern Central America (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." Zootaxa 1588, no. 1 (2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3.
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Old-growth tropical forests are widely believed to be immune to the establishment of alien species. Collections from tropical regions throughout the world, however, have established that this generalization does not apply to inbreeding host generalist bark and ambrosia beetles. Scolytine saproxylophages are readily spread by shipping, inbreeders can easily establish new populations, and host generalists readily find new breeding material, apparently regardless of stage of forest succession. Consequently, many inbreeding scolytines are globally distributed and abundant in all forest types, often being among the dominant species in their wood-borer communities. We report the recent introductions to lower Central America of two Old World inbreeding ambrosia beetles: Xylosandrus crassiusculus, which breeds primarily in smaller diameter trunks, small branches, and twigs, and Xyleborinus exiguus, which is apparently not size selective. We also document the establishment of Euwallacea fornicatus in the region, known previously from a single collection in Panama. Xylosandrus crassiusculus and E. fornicatus are notorious agricultural and forestry pests, as are several previously established alien species in the region. Studying the spread of species such as these three new arrivals into millions of years-old faunas could help us to understand if the saproxylic communities of old-growth tropical forests are peculiarly vulnerable to invasion.
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Talarico, Federica, Antonio Mazzei, Carmen Gangale, Giorgia Scrivano, and Pietro Brandmayr. "Morphometric differences in populations of Nebria kratteri Dejean and Boisduval, 1830 from two old forests in Calabria (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 52, no. 1 (2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2020.408.
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In carabid beetles, several morphometric parameters may vary from one habitat to another. Body size is one of the most important traits in animals because it directly relates to fitness and changes across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. In this paper, we compare two populations of Nebria kratteri (Coleoptera, Carabidae) sampled in two old forest sites of the Sila Mountain in Calabria. The specimens show significant differences in all morphometric parameters measured, the larger size at one site could be related to intraspecific competition.
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Halinouski, M. H., and А. M. Krytskaya. "Ecological and Faunistic Review of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Gomel Urbocenosis (The Republic of Belarus)." Vestnik Zoologii 48, no. 6 (2014): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2014-0062.
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Abstract The results of our own investigations as well as the literary data about ground beetle fauna of Gomel’ city are summarized in the article. The assessment of species composition and a wide range of carabidocomplexes ecological parameters have been examined. 131 ground beetles species have been detected for urbancenosis of Gomel’ city (41 per cent of species registered on the territory of the Republic of Belarus). In general, ground beetles of Gomel’ city are presented quite well in the Palearctic and their communitites are basically composed of field, meadow, and forest mesophilous and mesoxerophilous species but small in size populations in urbancenosis.
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Sigareva, D. D., А. М. Kovtun, and V. V. Kornyushin. "Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steienernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) from Agricultural Ecosystems in Forest (Polissya) and Forest-Steppe Natural Zones of Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 4 (2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0028.
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Abstract A survey for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the Steienernematidae and Heterorhabditidae in soils of different crop types of agricultural lands (household plots, commercial fields) in the forest (Polissya) and forest-steppe (Lisostep) zones of Ukraine was carried out in spring, summer and autumn months from 2016 to 2018. In total, 205 soil samples and 92 live-traps were processed. In addition, 98 samples of soil-living larvae and adults of insect crop pests, including cockchafer beetles, click beetle larvae, darkling beetle larvae, caterpillars of the scoops were collected. It is shown that the EPNs distribution and frequency of occurrence depends on the natural geographical features (regional characteristics) and habitat types. EPNs were found in 46 (15.4 %) out 297 samples. The incidence (% of samples) of the entomopathogenic nematodes, and their diversity varied depending on the location-based sampling, the type of agrocenosis, and the predominant agricultural plant species or typical species-edificators. The proportion of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp., Heterorhabditis spp.) recovery from regions of Lisostep zone was 16.9 %, and 13.6 % from regions of Polissya zone. The highest number among all positive samples was recorded from the apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh., 1803 (10 samples). The least number of positive samples (one sample) was obtained from sweet cherry trees, Prúnus cérasus L., 1753, junipers, Juniperus communis L., 1753, alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., 1753, common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., 1753, and common pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., 1753. The steinernematid nematodes were noticeably dominant over heterorhabditid nematodes: 60.8 % vs 39.2 % respectively. Steinernema spp. is widespread in different regions and plots, whereas Heterorhabditis spp. are common in fruit orchards and coniferous decorative perennial plantings.
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ALEKSEEV, VITALII IGOREVICH, and FRANCESCO VITALI. "Description of the first extinct member of the tribe Anaglyptini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from European Tertiary." Zootaxa 4816, no. 1 (2020): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4816.1.11.
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New longhorn beetle taxon, Acanthoglyptus picollus gen. et sp. nov., is described and figured from Baltic amber found in the Baltic Sea coast, Yantarny settlement, Kaliningrad Region, Russia. The new amber inclusions presented here prove the occurrence of the tribe Anaglyptini in the ‘Baltic amber forest’, giving this group at least a Palaeogene age. The closest living relative of the extinct beetle appears to be the Chinese genus Yoshiakioclytus Niisato, 2007. A brief updated list of the described longhorn beetles from European ambers, including 6 subfamilies, 17 tribes, 25 genera, and 27 species is compiled.
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RODRÍGUEZ, WILLIAM DAVID, JOSÉ LUIS NAVARRETE-HEREDIA, and JAN KLIMASZEWSKI. "Rove beetles collected with carrion traps (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Quercus forest of Cerro de García, Jalisco and Quercus, Quercus-pine, and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico." Zootaxa 4433, no. 3 (2018): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4433.3.4.
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We present the species diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected with carrion baited traps in Quercus forests of Cerro de García, Jalisco, and provide a compilation of published species records in Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico. This work includes taxonomic notes, information on species phenology, distribution, and their occurrence in Cerro de García (if applicable), and other jurisdictions of Mexico. In Cerro de García, 75 species were collected in total, of which 16 are shared with other Quercus forests in different locations, and 9 species are provided with new habitat data. The remaining individuals were only determined to morphospecies. In Mexico, there are 77 known species of rove beetles collected with carrion traps (determined to species or near species) and recorded from Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests. These species belong to 30 genera, 11 tribes and 10 subfamilies. This study provides biological information on Mexican rove beetles captured with carrion traps and highlights the importance of rove beetles as indicator species of habitat change for conservation analysis, forestry, agronomy and forensic sciences studies.
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Tomalak, M., H. E. Welch, and T. D. Galloway. "Nematode parasites of bark beetles (Scolytidae) in southern Manitoba, with descriptions of three new species of Sulphuretylenchus Rühm (Nematoda: Allantonematidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 10 (1989): 2497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-353.
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Thirty-one species of bark beetles were collected from nine genera of host plants at 29 locations in southern Manitoba during 1980–1983. Of these bark beetle species, 21 were infected by as many as 56 species of nematodes, based on examination of adult and juvenile stages. There were 30 species of allantonematids, all recovered from the hosts' haemocoel. Fourteen rhabditid species were recovered from the alimentary tract of 15 host species. Twelve aphelenchoids were found in both the haemocoel (of 10 host species) and the Malpighian tubules (of 2 host species). Three new species of Sulphuretylenchus are described. Sulphuretylenchus pseudoundulatus sp.nov. parasitized Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) collected in the Whiteshell Provincial Forest. Sulphuretylenchus nopimingi sp.nov. parasitized Pityokteines sparsus (LeConte) collected in Nopiming Provincial Park. Sulphuretylenchus posteruteri sp.nov. parasitized Ips perroti Swaine in the Belair Provincial Forest.
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Chandler, Donald S. "Species richness and abundance of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) in old-growth and 40-year-old forests in New Hampshire." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 3 (1987): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-095.
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Species richness and abundance of Pselaphidae, the ant-like litter beetles, are compared between two mixed deciduous–conifer forest sites: one old growth, and the other cut in 1944–1945. Comparisons were based on forest litter samples and flight intercept trap collections obtained through the season. Twelve species were collected at the old-growth site, and nine at the cut site. The pselaphid fauna of the sites is compared using coefficient of community and percent similarity. The coefficient of community is similar at both sites based on litter samples, while the percent similarity is low in leaf litter samples and moderate in rotten wood samples. Rotten wood species were at similar densities within a habitat at both sites, but were more numerous in flight intercept traps at the old-growth site because of the greater amount of rotting wood available. Flight activity is suspected to be tied to optimum weather conditions when adults seek their patchily distributed habitat. Eutyphlus schmitti could be used as an indicator species for undisturbed forests in the Northeast. Maximum species richness for Pselaphidae is probably reached after the forest achieves a steady state in biomass accumulation, a period of 100–120 years after clear-cutting operations.
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Putchkov, A. V., V. V. Brygadyrenko, and T. Y. Markina. "Ground Beetles of the Tribe Carabini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the Main Megapolises of Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 1 (2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0001.
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Abstract We analysed the structure of the communities of the ground beetles of the tribe Carabini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in urban environments on the examples of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Donetsk and Lviv. The ground beetles of this tribe in the five researched megapolises are represented by 24 species of the Calosoma and Carabus genera. The cities each have from 9 (Kharkiv, Donetsk) — 11 (Kyiv) to 14–15 (Dnipro, Lviv) registered species. Only three species (Carabus granulatus, C. cancellatus, C. convexus) turned out to be present in all the studied cities, where they were relatively abundant, and six (Calosoma auropunctatum, C. inquisitor, Carabus coriaceus, C. marginalis, С. nemoralis, C. scabriusculus) were recorded reasonably frequently in most of the cities. In the parks of Kyiv and Lviv (south forest zone), forest (Carabus coriaceus, C. convexus, C. nemoralis) and polytopic species (C. сancellatus) were dominant, while the inhabitants of open biotopes (С. granulatus, C. excellens, C. scabriusculus) were uncommon. In Kharkiv (forest-steppe zone), the common species were both polytopic (Сarabus granulatus, C. cancellatus) and forest (C. marginalis). In Donetsk and Dnipro (steppe zone), some steppe elements (Carabus estreicheri, C. perrini, C. sibiricus) occurred, but the dominant species were habitat generalist (С. granulatus) and certain forest species (C. convexus). At the same time, almost half the recorded species of the tribe were registered as rare or accidental elements in the cities studied, though typical for the natural biocenoses of the geographic region surrounding those cities. A short ecological characteristic of all species of tribe in urbocenoses is given.
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Ranarilalatiana, Tolotra, and Johannes Bergsten. "Discovery of a specialist Copelatinae fauna on Madagascar: highly ephemeral tropical forest floor depressions as an overlooked habitat for diving beetles (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)." ZooKeys 871 (August 12, 2019): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.871.36337.
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Diving beetles are generally aquatic and live submerged in water during larval and adult stages. A few groups have colonised hygropetric habitats and fewer species still can possibly be referred to as terrestrial. Here we describe six new Copelatine species that were mainly found in dry shallow forest floor depressions in the eastern and northeastern lowland humid forests of Madagascar. Three new species are described in each of the two genera Copelatus and Madaglymbus: Copelatus amphibiussp. nov., Copelatus betamponasp. nov., Copelatus zanatanensissp. nov., Madaglymbus kelimasosp. nov., Madaglymbus menalambasp. nov., and Madaglymbus semifactussp. nov. Diagnosis, description, known distribution, ecology, and conservation notes are provided for each species. All species are illustrated with a dorsal habitus image, ventral and lateral views of the male penis, and parameres. Photographs of the unusual terrestrial habitats where the species were found are provided. Madaglymbus menalambasp. nov. is also documented with macrophotos and videorecordings of the terrestrial locomotion and behaviour in the field. Although these species should not be classified as terrestrial, or even semi-terrestrial Dytiscidae, they seem to be specialists of very ephemeral aquatic habitats and stay put instead of disperse when the habitat dries up. It is hypothesised that this lifestyle and behaviour on Madagascar is restricted to the high-precipitation humid forest regions mainly in the east. It may also represent a transition step, or stepping-stone, towards becoming fully terrestrial, a step that the few known terrestrial Dytiscid taxa once passed through. It is very likely that this type of habitat is overlooked for aquatic beetles, not only in Madagascar, and the six species herein described may be just the “tip of the iceberg”.
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MAJKA, CHRISTOPHER G. "The Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: new records, observations on composition and zoogeography, and comments on the rarity of saproxylic beetles." Zootaxa 1636, no. 1 (2007): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1636.1.2.
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The Family Eucnemidae in the Maritime Provinces of Canada is surveyed. Eleven species are now known from the region. Ten species are recorded in Nova Scotia, six in New Brunswick, and four on Prince Edward Island. Nine new provincial records (four from Nova Scotia, four from Prince Edward Island, and one from New Brunswick) are reported, and two species, Microrhagus triangularis (Say) and Nematodes penetrans (LeConte), are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces as a whole. The four species reported from Prince Edward Island are the first records of the family Eucnemidae from the province. The composition of the fauna is in broad agreement with that of northeastern North America. The faunas on Prince Edward and Cape Breton Islands are diminished with respect to the mainland, but are more robust than that of other saproxylic groups. Many species of eucnemids have been very infrequently collected and may actually be rare. In this regard eucnemids are similar to many other groups of saproxylic beetles, although they are proportionately even less abundant than many other groups. A variety of studies that have reported on this phenomenon have pointed to the history of forest management in the region as potential being responsible for this scarcity. The eucnemids in this region are almost entirely associated with deciduous trees. The history of forest management in the Maritime Provinces, as well as that of introduced forest diseases, is such as to have had a major impact on the composition and structure hardwood forests, and hence potentially on insects such as eucnemids which are reliant on these hosts. Consequently further research is urged in order to better ascertain their status, and to develop appropriate conservation measures for these important indicator species of diverse forest structure.
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ALEKSEEV, VITALII I., and MAXIMILIAN G. PANKOWSKI. "The first new genus of the tribe Hypulini Seidlitz (Coleoptera: Melandryidae) described from late Eocene Baltic amber." Zootaxa 4869, no. 2 (2020): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.8.
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A new extinct monotypic genus of the false darkling beetles, Madelinia gedanoposita gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on an inclusion in Baltic amber. The new taxon from a northern European Eocene forest is compared with the morphologically similar extant beetles as well as fossil melandryid beetles found in Baltic amber. The specimen establishes that the tribe Hypulini dates back to at least the Eocene and represents the first fossil genus of the group described. The composition of the tribe is discussed, and its present-day geographic distribution is mapped.
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Koivula, Matti, Vesa Hyyryl�inen, and Eeva Soininen. "Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at forest-farmland edges in southern Finland." Journal of Insect Conservation 8, no. 4 (2004): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-004-0296-9.
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Dole, Stephanie A., Jiri Hulcr, and Anthony I. Cognato. "Species-rich bark and ambrosia beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Ecuadorian Amazonian Forest Canopy." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.57849.
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Canopy fogging was used to sample the diversity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) at two western Amazonian rainforest sites in Ecuador. Sampling was conducted by Dr Terry Erwin and assistants from 1994–2006 and yielded 1158 samples containing 2500 scolytine specimens representing more than 400 morphospecies. Here, we analyze a subset of these data representing two ecological groups: true bark beetles (52 morphospecies) and ambrosia beetles (69 morphospecies). A high percentage of these taxa occurred as singletons and doubletons and their species accumulation curves did not reach an asymptote. Diversity estimates placed the total scolytine species richness for this taxon subset present at the two sites between 260 and 323 species. The α-diversity was remarkably high at each site, while the apparently high β-diversity was an artifact of undersampling, as shown by a Monte Carlo resampling analysis. This study demonstrates the utility of canopy fogging for the discovery of new scolytine taxa and for approximate diversity assessment, but a substantially greater sampling effort would be needed for conclusive alpha as well as beta diversity estimates.
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Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua, Santiago Niño-Maldonado, Shawn M. Clark, Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano, and Pedro Almaguer-Sierra. "Successional and seasonal changes of leaf beetles and their indicator value in a fragmented low thorn forest of northeastern Mexico (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)." ZooKeys 825 (February 26, 2019): 71–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.825.30455.
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Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) constitute a highly diverse family of phytophagous insects with high ecological relevance, due to their host plant specificity and their close association to vegetation variables. Therefore, secondary succession and seasonal changes after loss of vegetal cover will have a significant influence on their community patterns. Accordingly, responses of leaf beetles to such environmental heterogeneity make them a suitable taxon for monitoring disturbance, which is more important for endangered habitats such as the low thorn forests (LTF) in northeastern Mexico. We conducted a study in a LTF fragment in order to assess the effects of secondary succession and seasonality on leaf beetle communities, as well as to quantify the importance of Chrysomelidae as an indicator taxon. Landsat scenes were used for delimiting a successional gradient, in which four succession categories were selected: four years, 17 years, and 31 years since loss of vegetal cover, and conserved areas. Eight plots of 100 m2were randomly delimited in each category; plots were sampled monthly, using an entomological sweep net, from May 2016 to April 2017. In total, 384 samples were collected by the end of study, from which 6978 specimens, six subfamilies, 57 genera, and 85 species were obtained. Species richness was higher in early succession areas. Abundance declined significantly from early successional to conserved areas, but the conserved areas had the higher diversity. Furthermore, differences in abundance were significant between rainy and dry seasons in areas of four, 17, and 31 years of succession, but not in conserved areas; also, all categories had a similar abundance during the dry season. Intermediate (17 and 31 years) and conserved areas differed in the season of higher diversity. Regarding inventory completeness, it was close to or above 70 % for all comparisons, although it was very low for the 17-year category during the rainy season. Faunistic similarity was higher between intermediate categories. A total of 24 species had a significant indicator value. Effects of succession time and seasonality on leaf beetle communities are here quantified for first time in LTF forests. Influences of environmental heterogeneity and intermediate disturbance are discussed as main drivers of the results obtained. Several leaf beetle species are proposed that could be useful for monitoring succession time and secondary LTF vegetation in northeastern Mexico. However, studies must be replicated at other regions, in order to obtain a better characterization of disturbance influence on leaf beetles.
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Bennewicz, Janina, and Tadeusz Barczak. "Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats." Biologia 75, no. 10 (2020): 1631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00424-y.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland. Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps. Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture. In field margin habitats the most abundant species were Limodromus assimilis, Anchomenus dorsalis, Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominant Poecilus cupreus and P. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protected Carabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protected Calosoma auropunctatum, and Broscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly by Prunus spinosa, Crataegus leavigata, Sambucus nigra and Rosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.
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Acal, Dale Ann P., Jürgen Wiesner, Olga M. Nuñeza, and Radomir Jaskuła. "Tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of Northern Mindanao region (Philippines): checklist, distributional maps, and habitats." ZooKeys 1017 (February 12, 2021): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.34500.
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The knowledge about tiger beetle fauna of the Northern Mindanao region (Philippines) is summarized based on literature data and new records. Thirty species classified in ten genera (Tricondyla, Neocollyris, Protocollyris, Therates, Prothyma, Heptodonta, Thopeutica, Lophyra, Calomera, and Cylindera) were documented from the area (56% of tiger beetle fauna of Mindanao and 21% of Philippine species). Twelve species were noted from Northern Mindanao region for the first time, including five taxa, Neocollyris speciosa, Calomera angulata, Cylindera minuta, Lophyra striolata tenuiscripta, and Thopeutica virginea, not recorded from Mindanao before. Distribution maps for all recorded species and the first photographs of habitats for some species in Mindanao and/or in the Philippines are provided. Eight species (27% of recorded fauna) were noted from riverine habitats while 18 tiger beetles (60%) were typical forest taxa; in the case of four species, their habitats in Northern Mindanao region are not known.
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Servat, Grace P. "Terry L. Erwin and the race to document biodiversity (1940–2020)." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.68652.
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Terry Erwin’s race to document arthropod diversity inspired taxonomists, systematists, ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and the conservation community at large, as his curatorial work of more than 50 years at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History and prolific publication record attests. The biography compiles public records, publications, as well as personal memoirs to describe the context in which Erwin’s studies with carabid beetles evolved as formalization of concepts, such as biological diversity, megadiverse countries, biodiversity loss, and conservation biology, will become central for science in the upcoming years. Awareness to explore new frontiers such as the forest canopy and Erwin’s studies in tropical forests, his easy-going personality, and dedicated mentoring attracted colleagues, students, and the general public, making him one of the leaders of tropical biology in the world.
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CORRÊA, CARLOS A., LETIZIA J. MIGLIORE, LUAN GARBELINI, JOSÉ C. ZANUNCIO, and SÉRVIO P. RIBEIRO. "Species survey of the subfamily Cerambycinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Zootaxa 4881, no. 2 (2020): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.6.
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The Rio Doce State Park (“PERD”) is the largest Atlantic Forest remnant in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with predominantly semi-deciduous forests. The longhorned beetles of the Cerambycinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are distributed worldwide, developing on healthy, stressed or recently dead trees. Faunistic surveys are necessary to understand about the Minas Gerais’ cerambycid fauna due to a lack of research, especially in the eastern region of the state. A list of species of the subfamily Cerambycinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), collected in the PERD during the rainy season (September 2013- February 2014), is presented. The beetles were collected using a light trap and through their emergence from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Fabaceae) logs. A total of 663 individuals of 33 species, 30 genera, and 15 tribes of the Cerambycinae subfamily were collected. The species Malacopterus tenellus (Fabricius, 1801) was registered for the first time in Minas Gerais State, while A. colubrina is a new host plant for 14 Cerambycinae species. The geographical distribution, number of host plants and materials examined are presented for each species collected. This is the first list of Cerambycidae species from the Rio Doce State Park.
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Kwiatkowski, Adam. "Assemblages of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in humid forest habitats of different stages of succession in the Puszcza Knyszyńska Forest (northeastern Poland)." ZooKeys 100 (May 20, 2011): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1539.
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Tronstad, Lusha M., Kelsey M. Brown, and Mark D. Andersen. "Using Species Distribution Models to Guide Field Surveys for an Apparently Rare Aquatic Beetle." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (2018): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112016-jfwm-085.
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Abstract Surveying for rare animals can be difficult but using models to predict suitable habitat can guide sampling efforts. We used models to predict suitable habitat for the Narrow-footed Hygrotus Diving Beetle Hygrotus diversipes (diving beetle hereafter), a dytiscid beetle that is known from 10 streams in central Wyoming. The diving beetle was a category-2 Candidate species for listing as Threatened or Endangered in the Endangered Species Act between 1989 and 1996, and was petitioned for listing in 2007, 2008, and 2013. Suitable habitat for the diving beetle was predicted using Maximum Entropy and Random Forest models in Wyoming. Both models predicted that the diving beetle was more likely to occur in intermittent streams with a gentle gradient, shallow water table, variable precipitation pattern, and high soil electrical conductivity, and in the warmest areas of Wyoming. We conducted surveys for the diving beetle at sites where the species had previously been found, and in new areas that were predicted suitable by our models to evaluate whether it is more widely distributed than indicated by previous estimates. We sampled beetles using dip nets and bottle-traps, and assessed water quality at each site. We collected the diving beetle at three sites in central Wyoming between 2010 and 2012 in small, alkaline, intermittent streams with disconnected pools. The aquatic habitat of the diving beetle is dynamic and our results suggest that annual precipitation patterns have a strong influence on the biogeography of this habitat. Our results also suggest that maintaining the hydrologic integrity of prairie streams in Wyoming is vital to the conservation of the diving beetle.
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ANDÚJAR, CARMELO, and VASILY V. GREBENNIKOV. "Endogean beetles (Coleoptera) of Madagascar: deep soil sampling and illustrated overview." Zootaxa 4963, no. 2 (2021): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.4.
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This study addresses the diversity of deep soil beetles on the old continental island of Madagascar. We highlight Coleoptera as the only order of insects repeatedly occupying the deep soil (=endogean) habitat. We describe and illustrate soil flotation technique used during our fieldwork in Madagascar in December 2019. We focus on the method’s high-output and mobile technicalities. We document 51 deep soil samples, each about 20 litres in volume, taken by us in varying Malagasy localities (Andringitra, Road RN7, Ankaratra, Andasibe) and habitats (primary forest versus grassland). We provide a preliminary illustrated overview of 1,430 deep soil beetles of Madagascar sampled by us. They include representatives of Carabidae (Anillini, Reicheiina), Leiodidae, Staphylinidae (Aleocharinae, Euaesthetinae, Osoriinae, Paederinae, Pselaphinae, Scydmaeninae), Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae. We emphasize the significant disparity between collecting 1,430 adult endogean beetles and only about a dozen of their larvae, all belonging to Scydmaeninae.
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Grossek, G. L., P. A. Woolley, and J. I. Menzies. "The diet of some New Guinean dasyurid marsupials." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10002.
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We investigated the diets of five forest-dwelling species of dasyurid marsupials endemic to New Guinea by using faecal and gut content analysis and compared the contents with the results of pitfall trapping for terrestrial invertebrates carried out coincidently. In one study area, in montane forest 2060–2340 m above sea level, three dasyurid species were trapped. In another area, in forest 1000–1470 m above sea level, two other species were captured. All five species ate a diverse range of invertebrates but beetles (Coleoptera) and spiders (Araneae) formed the bulk of their diet, followed by grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera). Earthworms (Annelida) were eaten by all species and some vertebrate remains were found in samples from four species. We found some significant differences between diets of the sympatric species. Some of the invertebrates commonly collected in pitfall traps, such as isopods (Isopoda) and amphipods (Amphipoda), were rarely detected in the diets of any of the species and millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda) were never detected. Our results are broadly in agreement with what is known about the diets of the small Australian species of dasyurid marsupials.
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Estrada, A., A. Anzures D., and R. Coates-Estrada. "Tropical rain forest fragmentation, howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico." American Journal of Primatology 48, no. 4 (1999): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)48:4<253::aid-ajp1>3.0.co;2-d.
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McMartin, B., I. Bellocq, and S. M. Smith. "Patterns of Consumption and Diet Differentiation for Three Breeding Warbler Species During a Spruce Budworm Outbreak." Auk 119, no. 1 (2002): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.216.
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Abstract Diets of three warbler species were analyzed during a spruce budworm outbreak in the boreal forest of northern Ontario. Beetles constituted a large portion of the food items consumed by Cape May (Dendroica tigrina), Bay-breasted (Dendroica castanea), and Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina) warblers early in the breeding season (7–11 June), and caterpillars were the most frequently used food category shortly later (18–24 June). Differences in diet served to differentiate the warbler species in the earlier period when Bay-breasted Warblers consumed more beetles, Tennessee Warblers consumed more caterpillars, and Cape May Warblers consumed more flies than the other species. Only Bay-breasted Warblers' continuing preference for beetles differentiated the warblers' diets in the later period. Food-niche overlaps increased for two of the three warbler species pairs between the two periods in June, but there was no change in the overlap between Bay-breasted and Cape May warbler diets.
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Takov, D., D. Doychev, D. Pilarska, S. Draganova, S. Nedelchev, and A. Linde. "Occurrence of pathogens and nematodes in forest beetles from Curculionidae and Attelabidae in Bulgaria." Biologia 74, no. 10 (2019): 1339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00250-x.
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Blomquist, Sean M., Trisha D. Johnson, David R. Smith, et al. "Structured Decision-Making and Rapid Prototyping to Plan a Management Response to an Invasive Species." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 1 (2010): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-025.
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Abstract We developed components of a decision structure that could be used in an adaptive management framework for responding to invasion of hemlock woolly adelgid Adeleges tsugae on the Cumberland Plateau of northern Tennessee. Hemlock woolly adelgid, an invasive forest pest, was first detected in this area in 2007. We used a structured decision-making process to identify and refine the management problem, objectives, and alternative management actions, and to assess consequences and tradeoffs among selected management alternatives. We identified four fundamental objectives: 1) conserve the aquatic and terrestrial riparian conservation targets, 2) protect and preserve hemlock, 3) develop and maintain adequate budget, and 4) address public concerns. We designed two prototype responses using an iterative process. By rapidly prototyping a first solution, insights were gained and shortcomings were identified, and some of these shortcomings were incorporated and corrected in the second prototype. We found that objectives were best met when management focused on early treatment of lightly to moderately infested but relatively healthy hemlock stands with biological control agent predator beetles and insect-killing fungi. Also, depending on the cost constraint, early treatment should be coupled with silvicultural management of moderately to severely infested and declining hemlock stands to accelerate conversion to nonhemlock mature forest cover. The two most valuable contributions of the structured decision-making process were 1) clarification and expansion of our objectives, and 2) application of tools to assess tradeoffs and predict consequences of alternative actions. Predicting consequences allowed us to evaluate the influence of uncertainty on the decision. For example, we found that the expected number of mature forest stands over 30 y would be increased by 4% by resolving the uncertainty regarding predator beetle effectiveness. The adaptive management framework requires further development including identifying and evaluating uncertainty, formalizing other competing predictive models, designing a monitoring program to update the predictive models, developing a process for re-evaluating the predictive models and incorporating new management technologies, and generating support for planning and implementation.
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Lavoie, C., S. A. Elias, and S. Payette. "Holocene fossil beetles from a treeline peatland in subarctic Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 2 (1997): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-029.
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We analyzed the fossil insect fauna of a palsa peatland located 10 km south and east of the treeline in subarctic Quebec (57°45′N, 76°15′W) to detect any changes in the species composition during the Holocene epoch and to infer past environmental conditions in the study area. A minimum of 802 beetle individuals were recovered from a 2-m peat section, representing 51 taxa (18 identified to the species level) and 8 families. Trechus crassiscapus, Eucnecosum brunnescens, and Olophrum rotundicolle were the most common species found in the peat. The insect assemblage was quite stable through the study interval (5850–1950 BP). The formation of the palsa (where the peat section was excavated) occurred probably after 1950 BP, raising the soil surface above water level and preventing additional peat accumulation. The proportion of boreal forest species in the faunal assemblage is high (88%). The only arctic (tundra) species found were Amara alpina and Pterostichus arcticola. Many species were out of their modern distribution range, but since collection localities are scarce in subarctic Quebec, the modern range of these species may extend to the study site. A mutual climatic range analysis, employing beetles identified to the species level, showed that the mean July temperature of the study area between 5850 and 1950 BP was possibly 2.8–5.5 °C higher than during the 20th century. This assertion is supported by other paleoecological data (pollen and charcoal remains) suggesting a cooling trend in the study area after 2000 BP. However, since the last 2000 years are missing from the sampled peat section, it was not possible to quantify the impact of the cooling trend on the beetle fauna.
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Yamada, Yoshiki, Hitoshi Sasaki, and Yutaka Harauchi. "Effects of narrow roads on the movement of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Nopporo Forest Park, Hokkaido." Journal of Insect Conservation 14, no. 2 (2009): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-009-9236-z.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "New species and new collection records of Prosthetopine water beetles from southern Africa (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1864, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1864.1.1.
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New species of Hydraenidae are described in the genera Prosthetops Waterhouse (1), Pterosthetops Perkins (1), Parasthetops Perkins & Balfour-Browne (13), and Mesoceration Janssens (24). New collecting locality data are given for the following species described by Perkins & Balfour-Browne (1994): Parasthetops aeneus, P. nigritus, P. spinipes, P. curidius, Mesoceration distinctum, M. rivulare, M. jucundum, M. splendorum, M. rubidum, M. fusciceps, M. languidum, M. dissonum, M. rufescens, and M. brevigranum. High resolution digital images of the holotypes of new species are presented (online version in color), and male genitalia are illustrated. Distribution maps are provided for all prosthetopine species in the genera Prosthetops, Pterosthetops, Parasthetops, and Mesoceration. The following 39 new species are described (type locality in South Africa unless otherwise given): Prosthetops gladiator (Eastern Cape Province, summit of Prentjiesberg); Pterosthetops hawequas (Western Cape Province, Hawaquas radio tower); Parasthetops benefossus(Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm), P. buunicornus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. confluentus (Eastern Cape Province, Little Karroo, Baviaanskloof N valley), P. lemniscus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. namibiensis (Namibia: Windhoek, Eros Mt.), P. pampinus (Western Cape Province, Dorps River into Prins Albert, Swartbergpas), P. parallelus (Northern Cape Province, Richtersveld, Oemsberg), P. propitius (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. retinaculus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. sebastiani (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. semiplanus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. striatus (Northern Cape Province, Namaqualand, Kamieskroon), P. unicornus (Eastern Cape Province, Naudes Nek, 12 miles ENE Rhodes); Mesoceration barriotum (Western Cape Province, Cape-Swartberg, Seweweekspoort Kloof), M. bicurvum (Eastern Cape Province, Wildebees River), M. bispinum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Weza, Impetyene Forest), M. compressum (Eastern Cape Province, S. coast, Dwesa forest reserve), M. concavum (Mpumalanga Province, Blyderiver Canyon), M. curvosum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umtamvuna River), M. disjunctum (Eastern Cape Province, Nature's Valley Reserve), M. drakensbergensis (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. durabilis (Western Cape Province, 2 miles SW of Citrusdal), M. granulovestum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. incarinum (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. integer (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Busheladi Stream on Lundy's Hill near Deepdale), M. littlekarroo (Western Cape Province, Little Karroo, Rus-en-vredewaterf), M. longipennis (Western Cape Province, W. Wiedouw farm), M. maluti (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. natalensis (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umkomaas River, where crossed by Himeville to Impendhle road), M. periscopum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. piceum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. rapidensis (Western Cape Province, S. W. Cape Mts., Hawequas SE), M. repandum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. reticulatum (Western Cape Province, Nuweberg Forest Station), M. semicarinulum (Western Cape Province, Groot Toren farm), M. tabulare (Western Cape Province, Platteklip Gorge, north face of Table Mountain), M. umbrosum (Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm).
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JORDAL, BJARTE. "Laximicracis—a new genus of Afrotropical Micracidini beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)." Zootaxa 4966, no. 1 (2021): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.10.
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During the revision of the micracidine genus Afromicracis Schedl, 1959, several species with unusual features required designation of a new genus. Features separating Laximicracis Jordal gen. nov. from Afromicracis includes a broadly rounded pronotum with small granules, an elongated and suture-free antennal club, a long tuft of setae on the female antennal scapus, a bispinate procurved apicolateral margin of the meso- and metatibiae, and long spatulate setae on tibiae and femurs. The new genus includes Laximicracis latipes Jordal, sp. nov. (Kenya), and the transfer from Afromicracis of Laximicracis dubia (Schedl, 1950) (Angola, Zambia, Tanzania) and Laximicracis convexus (Schedl, 1962) (South Africa). Collection localities are characterised by small dry forest patches and thickets, collected by UV- and white-light traps.
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Wang, Xiaowei, Jörg Müller, Linli An, et al. "Intra-annual variations in abundance and species composition of carabid beetles in a temperate forest in Northeast China." Journal of Insect Conservation 18, no. 1 (2014): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-014-9617-9.
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SOKOLOV, IGOR M., and CHRISTOPHER E. CARLTON. "Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U.S.A." Zootaxa 1740, no. 1 (2008): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1740.1.4.
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Two new species of anilline ground beetles are described from the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States. The description of Serranillus septentrionis n. sp. is based on specimens collected in montane areas of western Virginia (37°25.33’N, 79°45.43’W). This species extends the range of the genus approximately 200 km north of its closest known congeners, S. dunavani (Jeannel) and S. jeanneli Barr, and differs from them mainly in characters of the male genitalia. A key is provided that will allow separation of these three species without dissection. The description of Anillinus cherokee n. sp. is based on specimens collected in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and nearby areas of Nantahala National Forest, western North Carolina (35°21.33’N, 83°56.05’W). The species is externally similar to A. loweae Sokolov and Carlton and A. steevesi Barr, and differs from those species in characters of the male genitalia.
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Horak, Jakub, and Jan Pavlicek. "Tree level indicators of species composition of saproxylic beetles in old-growth mountainous spruce–beech forest through variation partitioning." Journal of Insect Conservation 17, no. 5 (2013): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-013-9583-7.
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Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua, Santiago Niño-Maldonado, Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano, Shawn M. Clark, Jacinto Treviño-Carreón, and Pedro Almaguer-Sierra. "Microclimate niche requirements of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) in a successional gradient of low thorn forest in northeastern Mexico." Journal of Insect Conservation 23, no. 3 (2019): 503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00140-2.
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