Academic literature on the topic 'Before War'

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Journal articles on the topic "Before War"

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Kibaroglu, Mustafa. "NATO Before and After the Second Gulf War." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 04, no. 2 (2005): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.04.2.07.

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Garson, R. A. "Korea: the war before Vietnam." International Affairs 63, no. 2 (1987): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3025501.

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Dunn, Joe P., and Callum A. MacDonald. "Korea: The War before Vietnam." History Teacher 21, no. 3 (May 1988): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/493018.

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Baptist, Edward E., and Canter Brown Jr. "Tampa before the Civil War." Journal of Southern History 67, no. 3 (August 2001): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3070045.

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McDonald, Walter. "The Winter before the War." College English 53, no. 8 (December 1991): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/377694.

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Robbins, B. "Two Days before the War." Public Culture 3, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-3-2-120.

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McDonald, Walt. "Before Flying off to War." Christianity & Literature 49, no. 2 (March 2000): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833310004900202.

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Giemza, Bryan. "Before the War, the Rumors." Southern Literary Journal 43, no. 1 (2010): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/slj.2010.0005.

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Wilz, John Edward, and Callum A. MacDonald. "Korea: The War Before Vietnam." Military Affairs 52, no. 4 (October 1988): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1988473.

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Mergenthal, Rebekah M. K. "Border War: Fighting over Slavery before the Civil War." Annals of Iowa 70, no. 3 (July 2011): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1559.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Before War"

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Wheeler, Tessa Verney. "Tessa Verney Wheeler : women and archaeology before World War Two." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496428.

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Vanderbrook, Alan. "Imperial Japan's Human Experiments Before and During World War Two." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5718.

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After Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931, Ishii Shiro created Unit 731 and began testing biological weapons on unwilling human test subjects. The history of Imperial Japan's human experiments was one in which Ishii and Unit 731 was the principal actor, but Unit 731 operated in a much larger context. The network in which 731 operated consisted of Unit 731 and all its sub-units, nearly every major Japanese university, as well as many people in Japan's scientific and medical community, military hospitals, military and civilian laboratories, and the Japanese military as a whole. Japan's racist ultra-nationalist movement heavily influenced these institutions and people; previous historians have failed to view Japan's human experiments in this context. This thesis makes use of a combination of declassified United States government and military documents, including court documents and the interviews conducted during the Unit 731 Exhibition that traveled Japan in 1993 and 1994, and then recorded by Hal Gold in his book, Unit 731 Testimony, along with a number of secondary sources as supporting material. Each of these sources has informed this work and helped clarify that Unit 731 acted within a broader network of human experimentation and exploitation in a racist system, which normalized human atrocities. Attitudes of racism and superiority do not necessarily explain every action taken by Japanese military personnel and scientists, nor did every individual view their actions or the actions of their countrymen as morally correct, but it does help explain why these acts occurred. What enabled many Japanese scientists was the racist ideology of the ultra-nationalist movement in Japan.
M.A.
Masters
History
Arts and Humanities
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Hodes, Jeremy. "Torres Strait Islander migration to Cairns before World War II." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44839600.html.

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Thesis (Master of Letters)--Central Queensland University, 1998.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Letters in History. Central Queensland University." Cover title.
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Pearcy, Mark. ""We Have Never Known What Death Was Before"--A Just War Doctrine Critique of U.S. History Textbooks." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3286.

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Textbooks are a significant element of the social studies curriculum and teacher pedagogical choice (Apple, 2004; Apple & Christian-Smith, 1991). Students' views of American history are dramatically affected by the textbook narratives to which they are exposed, and teachers often tilt their curricular choices based on the textbooks available to them (Luke, 2006; Schug, Western & Enochs, 1997). The history of our nation's armed conflicts is often presented, through our textbooks and our pedagogy, as a history of reluctant violence, which promotes a particular moral agenda that exerts control over our students' future beliefs and decisions. This is particularly important with regard to our textbook depictions of the U.S. Civil War, which holds a curricular status as a necessary and moral conflict. The "just war" doctrine is a philosophical framework which allows individuals to consider the ethical conditions under which war may be morally permissible, and it provides our students with an opportunity to engage in critical thinking regarding our nation's historical policies. The utility of the "just war" doctrine in American history classrooms is a topic that is largely unexplored in social science education. Therefore, using a critical analysis methodology that evaluates textbook depictions of the U.S. Civil War from a "just war" doctrinal perspective, the ensuing study will contribute to the research base in social science education by elaborating a framework from which teachers may approach the moral realities of war with their students.
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Li, Kwan Leung. "Wall Street : revisiting its path to dominance before the Civil War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550795.

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This dissertation analyzes nineteenth-century securities market concentration in New York using newly collected data on trading volumes, bid-ask spreads, dividends and par values. The results show that New York developed larger securities markets based on its commercial primacy after 1817, but larger trading sizes have not translated into advantages that could sufficiently allow New York to gain market share when the telegraph began. Particularly, New York was compared favorably in terms of variety only to markets in the South, Boston and Philadelphia also offered similarly broad range of choices. Dividend yields were also on average higher for stocks listed in New York, but the gaps disappeared once sectors were taken into account. Major stocks traded were still highly localized firms, preventing entry of foreign market-makers due to vulnerability to asymmetric information problems. Larger trading sizes in Wall Street did not translate into lower transaction costs. Using sector, volatility and price-to-par ratio as criteria to match stocks between markets, it is concluded that the differences in the bid-ask spread between New York and other markets were small and mostly statistically insignificant. Trading in Wall Street concentrated only on a few "fancy stocks," with its liquidity advantages not permeating through the market. The absence of general liquidity advantages could probably be explained by an immature call loan market. Balance sheet information and "time bargains" records suggest that banks were still reluctant to grant call loans because stocks actively traded were highly speculative. It is concluded that the advantages of Wall Street before the Civil War were not sufficient to generate concentration momentum.
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Korn, Madeleine. "Collecting modern foreign art in Britain before the Second World War." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365092.

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Quek, Ser Hwee. "Before Tet : American bombing and attempts at negotiation with North Vietnam, 1964-1968 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10482.

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McElroy, Theresa. "Early childhood before, during and after war and displacement in northern Uganda." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42115.

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Background: Research from numerous fields of science is providing strong evidence demonstrating that the conditions young children live within mould their health and developmental trajectories. While science and policy call for nurturing environments to preserve developmental potential, the current global reality is that war and civil unrest displace millions of children from their homes, desecrating their social supports and environments. Furthermore, little research has drawn attention to the experience of the youngest children during and after war. Objective: To holistically document the environments of young children (0 to 3 years) before, during and after a 20-year war and mass internal displacement in northern Uganda in order to deepen current understandings, address research gaps and inform interventions. Methods: This applied ethnography used purposive sampling in three sites of the Amuru District over a one-year period. Interviews, focus groups, longitudinal case studies, participant observation, document review, and photo documentation with young children, caregivers (siblings, parents, and others) and community leaders explored multiple views on early childhood health and development. Results: War and displacement seriously thwarted caregivers from employing their extensive knowledge and traditional care practices that protected and nurtured their young children in rural agrarian communities. Young children were exposed to numerous, cumulative factors that previous research has documented as risks to well-being and long-term developmental potential. This risk persisted well into post-conflict resettlement. However, despite dire conditions, there were also factors that acted to protect children and examples of children’s healthy functioning. Conclusions: Disrupted social structures and environments appear to influence young children's health and developmental futures in all phases of war, displacement and resettlement. Results suggest that the efforts by state and the international community to mitigate risk and promote positive development for vulnerable young children were insufficient and incommensurate with the degree of evidence supporting the critical importance of the early years. Future efforts must build on local culture and address the most relevant and pressing needs of children in close collaboration with families and communities. The rebuilding of healthy, peaceful societies depends upon the preservation of the immense human capital and boundless potential within children.
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Steele, Damion. "The Relationship Between Education Levels and Public Opinion Before the Iraq War." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5787.

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Researchers have found that higher education is known to stabilize political opinions and thought to enhance critical thinking skills. The role that an individual's level of education plays in shaping public opinion during a foreign affairs crisis, within the context of repetitious and uniform news media coverage, has yet to be determined. The theoretical foundation of agenda-setting explains how salience is created by emphasizing certain messages and influencing public opinion and may bypass education and political knowledge. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between education level and public opinion immediately before the Iraq War. The analysis used a secondary dataset consisting of 3,262 respondents in a 2002 national public opinion survey. Binomial logistic regression was used to test 5 hypotheses. Findings indicated there was a significant relationship between education levels and support for combatting international terrorism as a foreign policy goal as well as the use of troops to invade Iraq (p < .006). The results indicated that in some instances higher education played a significant role in shaping public opinion during the period before the Iraq War. Positive social change from this research includes helping policy-makers understand how public opinion is shaped during a crisis so the views of the citizenry can be more effectively incorporated into the policy-making process.
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Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella. "The Belgian Rexist Movement before the Second World War: Success and Failure." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1364207105.

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Books on the topic "Before War"

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War before civilization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Geppert, Dominik, William Mulligan, and Andreas Rose, eds. The Wars before the Great War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107478145.

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MacHale, D. J. Pendragon before the war. New York, NY: Aladdin Paperbacks, 2009.

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Sorrells, Walter. Pendragon, before the war. New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 2009.

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Lehane, Dennis. A drink before the war. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994.

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The time before the war. London: J. Cape, 1993.

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Lehane, Dennis. A drink before the war. Sutton: Severn House, 2000.

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Brown, Canter. Tampa before the Civil War. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999.

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Lehane, Dennis. A drink before the war. Rearsby: W.F. Howes Ltd., 2006.

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Korea, the war before Vietnam. New York: Free Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Before War"

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Monaghan, Shannon. "Before the war." In Protecting Democracy from Dissent: Population Engineering in Western Europe 1918–1926, 37–62. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in modern European history ; 52: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315181318-3.

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Callahan, Michael D. "“A War Before the War”." In The League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934–1938, 67–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77200-4_4.

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Urban, Mark. "Prologue: Before 1978." In War in Afghanistan, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18975-5_1.

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Urban, Mark. "Prologue: Before 1978." In War in Afghanistan, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20761-9_1.

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Chetham, Deirdre. "War Along the Yangtze." In Before the Deluge, 107–23. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-8126-4_7.

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Reynolds, Elaine A. "The War Years, 1793-1815." In Before the Bobbies, 84–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14561-4_6.

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Shringarpure, Bhakti. "Dying Before Their Time." In Cold War Assemblages, 61–95. First edition. | New York : Routledge, [2019] | Series: Routledge studies in cultures of the global Cold War: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429242649-3.

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McGuire, Frederick L. "Before World War I." In Psychology aweigh! A history of clinical psychology in the United States Navy, 1900-1988., 11–15. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10069-002.

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Taylor, John. "Universities Before the War." In The Impact of the First World War on British Universities, 1–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52433-1_1.

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Keynes, John Maynard. "Europe Before the War." In The Economic Consequences of the Peace, 49–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04759-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Before War"

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Nenicka, Lubomir. "IMMIGRATION AND CHANGES OF SOCIAL POLICY IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA BEFORE SECOND WORLD WAR." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.065.

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Paksoy, Semin. "Economic Analysis of Turkey and European Countries Before and After the Syrian War." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01857.

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Undoubtedly, a war in a country is a great destruction for its citizens. The Syrians have had to take refuge in other countries because of their vital problems. European countries have adopted a rigid attitude towards refugees to protect themselves. How did the refugee mobility, arising from internal conflicts in Syria and embodying different qualities within its constitution, affect European countries due to global economic relations? Or did Europe continue its economic development without being negatively affected by the geographically distant war? On the other side, to what extent has Turkey been able to protect itself economically? Can Turkey continue their progress towards the EU? This work investigating answers to these questions is based on the Maastricht criteria set to ensure economic integration at an advanced level among EU countries. The data related to these criteria cover 6 annual data of pre and post of the war. In the analysis, countries are ranked and evaluated with the flows of criteria, using PROMETHEE method. The result of the analysis shows that generally there is a decrease, in comparison, in the net flows of the second period. This implies that countries are not in better situation compared to the first period which covered 2008 financial crisis. In other words, the EU may likely remain behind of its economic and fiscal targets.
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Nikonov, Andrey Valeryevich. "Japan secretive agencies in the Russian Far East before the Russo-Japanese war (1904–1905)." In VIII International applied research conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-91301.

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Barabanskii, S. A. "Comparative analysis of the military uniform of Russia before the first world war and modern army." In All-Russian scientific-practical conference of young scientists, graduate students and students, chair V. S. Akimova. Технического института (ф) СВФУ, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/a-2018-161.

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Nabok, Sergey. "Resource Policy of Russia and Norway in the Spitsbergen Archipelago: Formation of Coal Production Before World War II." In Proceedings of the International Conference Communicative Strategies of Information Society (CSIS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/csis-18.2019.38.

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Hatipoğlu, Hatice Kalfaoğlu, and Shurouk Mohammad. "Living with Quality: Strategies for Transferring Social Housing Development to After-war Syria." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021307n6.

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Obtaining a home in Syria has been an equivalent to a strategic goal around which the life of the Syrian citizen revolves. Housing was one of the problematic crises before the war, which accelerated due to the war. Moreover, this turned into a humanitarian disaster, and the situation has become more urgent and requires immediate treatment. The solution of this demolition is not limited to an easy rebuilding and needs a more sustainable and qualified policy in order to prevent to turn back to the existing crisis before the war. This paper focuses on finding an appropriate strategy to respond to the housing crisis in Syria in the light of successful implementations of social housing. In order to achieve that, after a literature review of the general context of social housing, the Singapore social housing experience has been analyzed. Considering the housing problems and implementations in Syria (before and after the war) in a comparative evaluation with the Singapore experience, some strategies have been suggested, along with discussing the transfer of this experience to the Syrian context. Although applying a social housing system in a country that has had a failed experiment is not an easy task, the study proposes a list of recommendations for developing a social housing strategy based on a clear legal framework which also provides a base for social housing. In addition to defining all the criteria related to social housing, such as the target groups, the type of housing, the available financing methods, and focusing on urban planning and architecture for the importance of their role in creating a peaceful coexistence in the conflicting societies.
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Adhika Putra, Bagas. "The Transformation of The Us Foreign Aid within Southeast Asia: An Analysis Before, During, and After The Cold War." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Social Sciences. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icarss.2019.11.735.

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Priyadi, Sugeng. "Creating A Material Resource for History Students Using Local History Content Entitle qBanyumas before Diponegoro War (1755-1825)q." In 4th Asia Pacific Education Conference (AECON 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aecon-17.2017.45.

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Popovic, Milica Jovanovic. "EVALUATION AND POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY SAVINGS IN THE PROCESS OF REHABILITATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BUILT BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b62/s27.069.

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Hanzl, Malgorzata. "Self-organisation and meaning of urban structures: case study of Jewish communities in central Poland in pre-war times." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5098.

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In spatial, social and cultural pluralism, the questions of human intentionality and socio-spatial emergence remain central to social theory (Portugali 2000, p.142). The correlation between individual preferences, values and intentions, and actual behaviour and actions, is subject to Portugali’s theory of self-organisation (2000). Compared to Gidden’s structuralism, which focuses on society and groups, the point of departure for Portugali (2000) are individuals and their personal choices. The key feature in how complex systems `self-organise', is that they `interpret', the information that comes from the environment (Portugali 2006). The current study explores the urban environment formerly inhabited, and largely constructed, by Jews in two central Polish districts: Mazovia and Lodz, before the tragedy of the Holocaust. While the Jewish presence lasted from the 11th century until the outbreak of World War II, the most intensive development took place in the 19th century, together with the civilisation changes introduced by industrialisation. Embracing the everyday habits of Jewish citizens endows the neighbourhood structures they once inhabited with long gone meanings, the information layer which once helped organise everyday life. The main thesis reveals that Jewish communities in pre-war Poland represented an example of a self-organising society, one which could be considered a prototype of contemporary postmodern cultural complexity. The mapping of this complexity at the scale of a neighbourhood is a challenge, a method for which is addressed in the current paper. The above considerations are in line with the empirical studies of the relations between Jews and Poles, especially in large cities, where more complex socio-cultural processes could have occurred. References: Eco, U. (1997) ‘Function and Sign: The Semiotics of Architecture’, in Leich, N. (ed.) Rethinking Architecture: A reader in cultural theory (Routledge Taylor &amp; Francis Group, London) 182–202. Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (2003) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Marshall, S. (2009) Cities, Design and Evolution (Routledge, Abingdon, New York). Portugali, J. (2000) Self-Organization and the City, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg). Portugali, J. (2006) ‘Complexity theory as a link between space and place’, Environment and Planning A 38(4) 647–664.
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Reports on the topic "Before War"

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Margo, Robert. Labor Market Integration Before the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0109.

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Margo, Robert. Labor Market Integration Before the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6643.

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Janecek, Frank P. In Limited War - Victory before the Culminating Point,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada298171.

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Goldin, Claudia, and Robert Margo. Wages, Prices, and Labor Markets Before the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3198.

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Atack, Jeremy, Matthew Jaremski, and Peter Rousseau. American Banking and the Transportation Revolution Before the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20198.

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Margo, Robert. The North-South Wage Gap, Before and After the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8778.

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Miller, Richard N. Patterns of Illness and Care Before Deployment to the Persian Gulf War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396799.

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Miller, Richard N. Patterns of Illness and Care Before Deployment to the Persian Gulf War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418906.

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Miller, Richard N. Patterns of Illness and Care Before Deployment to the Persian Gulf War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423311.

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Zubov, Andrey, and Tatiana Novichkova. Military and political groupings of European states. Plans of the war. Deployment of rival forces before the war. Edited by Andrey Zubov, Nikolay Komedchikov, and Aleksandr Khropov. Astrel, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2016-01-19-3.

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