Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bégon'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bégon.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Burla, Véronique. "Élisabeth Bégon, un exemple de préceptorat féminin en Nouvelle-France." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1359/1/000132206.pdf.
Full textTenailleau, Nadège. "L' école ouverte de Bégon (1971-2016) : l'innovation aux prises avec le temps." Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3017.
Full textInspired from Anglo-Saxon models open schools tentatively came into existence in the late sixties. The aim was to combine innovatory architecture allowing easier exchanges with the community and innovative child-centered teaching. About forty years on these schools have virtually disappeared. Yet one of them has managed to survive so far without any official status from the Education Ministry. Although the political context has long been favourable to the development of such an experiment, this school is now being challenged regarding its innovative approach. In this respect it provides a rich field of research for the researcher investigating an experiment in innovative teaching over a long period from its inception to its decline. Through an ethnographic study over a period of four years we have tried to assess the evolution in the responses to the school and the innovative process it carried out on the one hand and on the other hand the effects of such a project beyond the usual markers. We will thus examine the education policies regarding innovation and teaching practices from a socio-historical viewpoint as well as the students' current school experience up to their leaving to attend secondary schools
Freiche, Andrée. "Michel Bégon, intendant de Louis XIV à Rochefort, ville nouvelle du XVIIe siècle : 1688-1710." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0031.
Full textThis study focuses on four main entities and their interrelationship : on the one hand, a man who was not only a state administrator in the service of the king but also an individual, firmly rooted in the culture of his time, through his personnal library, his gallery and his curiosity cabinet ; on the other hand, a place that took shape in the early years of the reign of Louis XIV and Colbert administrations, in the form of the formidable naval Arsenal for the Ponant Fleet and of its town, both of which were intended to embody the ideals of reason, order and grandeur so dear to the Grand Siècle. The stories of these four entities, Michel Bégon both intendant of the fleet and provincial intendant, Michel Bégon bibliophile and collector, Rochefort the arsenal and Rochefort the town, were inextricable interwined from 16888 to 1710. A detailed examination of Michel Bégon's activities in Rochefort makes it possible to illustrate the vocation of intendant during the reign of Louis XIV and thus to elaborate the distinctive characteristics of Michel Bégon. These characteristics were linked both his dual rola as an administrative official and his reputation as scholar and collector, as well as to his determination to transform the status of Rochefort from that of "colony" to that of city
Huang, Shun. "Comportement vieillissant du béton en fluage : application au béton VeRCoRs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1052/document.
Full textConcrete is a material presenting basic creep (delayed strain evolving over time, under constant mechanical load, constant temperature and sealed conditions with respect to the humidity). This creep behaviour is also ageing (dependence of the evolution of the strain on the instant of application of the constant load, which does not correspond to a simple translation in time). This behaviour can be attributed to the "living" character of the material, whose microstructure evolves significantly over time at different scales. The concrete creep is critical for the prestressed containment building of nuclear power plants, since creep yields prestress relaxation. Obviously, the creep response measured on a test at less than 1 year cannot be directly transposed to a structural calculation for a load at 3 years. It is also excluded to wait several years to perform a creep test on a specimen. In order to connect these two strain responses, obtained by loading at two different instants, a material behaviour model integrating the ageing creep is necessary. To develop a model of material behaviour incorporating the ageing creep, given the multi-scale and multi-physics nature of concrete, creep experiments combined with the micro-mechanical modelling approach are attractive and are applied to the study of the VeRCoRs concrete, which is a typical mix design for the construction of the containment building. In fact, several orders of magnitude of dimensions separate the scale of physical mechanisms from the macroscopic scale. The validation will be done with regard to experiments on the VeRCoRs concrete. These micromechanical approaches are the subject of a research action in collaboration with EDF, ENPC and CEA Saclay. Homogenization of random media is a widely used practical and efficient tool to estimate the effective mechanical behavior of composite materials. However, when the microstructure evolves with respect to time, due to phase transformations, care should be taken when upscaling behaviors that themselves involve time, such as viscoelasticity. The improved approach in this thesis is able to overcome this limitation, building an equivalent composite replacing transforming phases by fictitious ageing viscoelastic phases to carry out the upscaling process. Applications to cement paste, to mortar and to the VeRCoRs concrete are proposed, referring to a simplified morphological model. Then it extends the approach developed at EDF to evolving morphological models of cement paste. Besides, we have generated a 3D numerical polycrystalline microstructure and compared the finite element simulation results with the analytical ones in the case of ageing viscoelasticity. Finally, the experimental campaign is carried out to characterize the ageing basic creep at different scales and at different ages of loading with the formulation of the VeRCoRs concrete in two ways : on concrete, complete the experimental program at different ages of loading; apply behaviour at lower scales (mortar and cement paste).These tests are carried out in the civil engineering laboratory in EDF les Renardières. A direct confrontation between the experimental results and the modelling results is performed. The ageing basic creep behaviour is compared with the application of mean-field homogenisation schemes
Richomme, Sébastien. "Etude expérimentale du comportement dynamique d'éléments simples en béton et béton armé." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2021.
Full textUlm, Franz-Josef. "Modélisation élastoplastique avec endommagement du béton de structure. Application aux calculs statiques et dynamiques de structures en béton armé et béton précontraint." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529366.
Full textBlanchard, Stéphanie Constance. "Utilisation des eaux usées dans le béton prêt à l'emploi d'un recycleur à béton RA20 de demix béton situé à Ville Lasalle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1448.
Full textLEGERON, FREDERIC. "Comportement sismique des structures en béton ordinaire et en béton à haute performance armé." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9802.
Full textLE, VU OLIVIER. "Etude et modelisation du comportement du beton sous sollicitations de grande amplitude - application au probleme de la penetration dynamique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0002.
Full textDao, Duc-Tung. "(Multi-) recyclage du béton hydraulique." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0035.
Full textThe use of recycled aggregate in the new concrete will contribute to the solution of demolished concrete within the framework of the sustainable development. However, its application in the construction sector is still limited by the limited knowledge of the properties of recycled concrete. It is the purpose of this thesis to promote the use of recycled aggregate by a better understanding of the influence of such aggregate on the performance of concrete. The relationship between the properties of recycled aggregate concrete and those of recycled aggregate concrete was also evaluated. The study was carried out using three generations of concrete which were made by natural aggregate or recycled aggregates or recycled aggregate by second time (multi-recycled). The concrete production and the aggregate generation by crushing were conducted in semi-industrial condition. With these materials, many mixes of concrete were designed and cast by the mix design method of the laboratory with several variable parameters (proportion of recycled aggregate, shrinkage reducing admixture…) to find out the methods to improve the properties of recycled concrete. They were investigated by the physical properties and the durability. The results of these experimental studies were followed by a major campaign analysis, in which predictive models for the properties of the recycled aggregate or recycled concrete were developed. They were also applied to the multi-recycled aggregate and concrete. All this knowledge has been reviewed by the successful application on a real case in which an airport slab was rebuilt with 100% recycled aggregate. This research falls within the frameworks of a CIFRE (industrial convention for research training) thesis co-financed by the industry's major players: ATILH, CIMBETON, SNBPE, SPECBEA, UNPG in collaboration with ADP (Paris Aeroport)
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431/document.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Chiriatti, Léon. "Etude de l'adhérence armature-béton, influence des granulats de béton recyclé et apport des mesures acoustiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD040/document.
Full textThe use of recycled concrete aggregate (i.e. aggregate produced from concrete demolition rubble) has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete members. This work focuses on the influence of recycled concrete aggregate on rebar-concrete bond. First, an analytical madel of the rebar-concrete bond is developed. The original feature of this modellies in the limited number of non-free physically-based parameters on which it is based. These parameters are then experimentally determined through a pull out test campaign. Three types of concrete, including two recycled aggregate concretes, are studied. Pull-out test monitoring is completed by acoustic measurements in order to obtain data from inside the concrete bulk, where the reinforcing bar is located
Söylev, Tayfun Altug. "Rôle de la qualité de l'interface acier-béton sur la corrosion de l'armature du béton armé." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0015.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the role of interface reinforcement-concrete on the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Two aspects of the defects of interface quality were analyzed: non-uniformity of fresh concrete and loading. For the former the defects due to bleeding and settlement were studied and for the latter the defects were created by controlled pull-out of reinforcement. The corrosion of reinforcement was measured by the polarisation resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The performances of ordinary and self-compacting concrete were compared
Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209/document.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Benaïssa, Abdelatif. "Déformations différées du béton de sable." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10599.
Full textTran, Nhu Cuong. "Développement d'un modèle d'interface acier-béton à haute température : modélisation des structures en béton exposées au feu." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657207.
Full textParadis, François. "Analyse du comportement structural d'un composite mince en béton. : nalyse du comportement structural du canoë de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21701/21701.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents bares the analyses of Laval University’s Apogee 2002 concrete canoe. The predominant objective is to investigate and understand the canoe’s reaction under various loading patterns. A second objective is to elaborate design criteria for these types of structures. These criteria and comprehension of the structural behavior will be used for the upcoming canoes. These objectives are achieved coalescing experimentation and modeling. The present work begins with the elaboration of the concrete design used for Apogee’s construction. The characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of the composites used in the structure follows. Additionally, the sub-structures of the canoe and the entire canoe’s structural reaction analyses are predicted fulfilled using a finite element software. Finally, in-situ tests are performed on the canoe and the results compared to that obtained with the numerical model. The experimentation comprised both static and dynamic tests. Dynamic testing is used to determine the strain amplification due to paddling and turning. The design criteria are determined and presented according to the results obtained from the finite element software followed by experimentation.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Noumowe, Albert. "Effet de hautes températures (20-600°C) sur le béton : cas particulier du béton a hautes performances." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0092.
Full textFirst of all, a general review on concretes at high temperatures is presented. The advantage of high performance concretes in nuclear power plants is underlined. The experimental investigation is carried out on two concretes (ordinary and high performance) made on the CIVAUX power plant. Cylindrical and specimens there heated to different temperatures. Measurements of temperature distributions in the concrete during heating showed high temperature differences between the center and the surface of the specimens. Eight measurements during heating up to 600°C were suitable for gathering information on micro structural changes. This permitted quantifying the specimen water loss. After a heating/cooling cycle at each target temperature, decreases were recorded in the residual compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Three factors that influence concrete spalling at high temperature are investigated : heating rate, specimen dimensions and concrete age. An elastic thermal stresses analysis was conducted both analytically, and numerically by means of finite elements codes. Analysis of pore pressures in the heated concrete specimens necessitate also a numerical approach. Furthermore, the theoretical results and experimental findings showed main parameters for the understanding of the violent explosion which took place in some high performance concrete specimens the thermal gradient, the moisture content and the tensile strength
Turgut, Can. "Prise en compte de la liaison acier béton dans le comportement d’éléments de structure en béton armé." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100170/document.
Full textIn numerical applications of reinforced concrete structures, the steel-concrete interface behavior has a vital importance when the cracking properties are investigated. A finite element approach for the steel-concrete interface to be used in large-scale simulations was proposed by (Torre-Casanova, 2013) and (Mang, 2016). It enables to calculate the slip between the steel and concrete in the tangential direction of the interface element representation. The aim is here to improve the initial bond-slip model to be more efficient and more representative. The document is divided into three parts: 1) The existing bond-slip model is evaluated. The bond-slip model is then improved by considering transversal and irreversible bond behaviors under alternative loads. The new bond-slip model is validated with several numerical applications. 2) Confinement effect is implemented in the bond-slip model to capture the effect of external lateral pressure. According to the performed numerical applications, it is demonstrated how the active confinement can play a role, through the steel-concrete bond, during monotonic and cyclic loading cases. 3) Dowel action is finally investigated with the new bond-slip model. Two different experimental campaigns (Push-off tests and four-point bending tests) are reproduced with different reinforcement (1D truss and beam) and interface (new bonds-slip and perfect bond) models. The results show that the proposed simulation strategy including the bond slip model enables to reproduce experimental results by predicting global (force-displacement relation) and local behaviors (crack properties) of the reinforced concrete structures under shear loading better than the perfect bond assumption which is commonly used in the industrial applications
Bauret, Samuel. "Stabilité des barrages-poids en béton: contribution de la cohésion à la résistance de l'interface béton-rocher." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8835.
Full textSavard, Charles. "Détermination du taux d'armature de confinement pour les poteaux en béton ordinaire et en béton à haute performance." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1178.
Full textPhan, Trung-Hieu. "Rhéologie et stabilité des pâtes de ciment utilisées dans la formulation des bétons fluides." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DENS0002.
Full textThe present study is undertaken in the framework a global project of the "Réseau Génie Civil et Urbain" (RGC&U) concerning self compacting concretes (SCCs). The objective of this project is to develop a global approach for SCCs, which are viscous and highly sensitive to the variation in water dosage, and self levelling concretes, which are less viscous and robust. Both types of concretes are considered in a global category refetred to as "fluid coucretes". In this investigation we were interested in the rheological behaviour of the material ai the cernent pacte scale, including both the steady and transient (thixotropy) rheological properties. A comparative study bas been undertaken into the influences of viscosity agents (VAs) and superplasticizers (SPs). It was found that the rheological behaviour of the pactes was much less sensitive to VA dosage than SP's. These results were interpreted in the framework of highly concentrated granulai suspensions models. A second part of oui study is related the stability of the cernent pactes. We showed that squeeze tests can bc used to determine the conditions under which liquid solid separation may take place. Both the VAs and the SPs were found to improve to stability of the cernent pactes
Orengo, José Ramon. "Modélisation numérique des structures en béton armé." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529365.
Full textBenkabou, Rim. "Étude des propriétés nano-mécaniques d’un béton." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS007/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing a numerical multiscale homogenization method for prediction of elasto-viscoplastic properties of a high performance concrete (HPC) where the microstructural heterogeneities are analyzed with the nanoindentation. The homogenization procedure was separated into two-levels according to the microstructure of the HPC: the matrix level composedof hydration products, clinker and fly-ash and the mortar level which accounts for large air porosity and aggregates. The elastoviscoplastic behavior of individual microstructural phases of the matrix are identified from nanoindentation data. An inverse method is applied by using the finite element simulation of the nanoindentaion tests combined with a numerical optimizationprocedure. The micromechanical results are then used as input parameters for numerical elasto-viscoplastic homogenization at microscale. The mortar level is analyzed with numerical homogenization by using the finite element simulation to predict the overall elasto-viscoplastic high performance concrete properties. The results are compared with macroscopic experimental and analytical results from the literature showing a good agreement. The procedure developed in this work gives promising results for the prediction of HPC properties and can be extended to other constitutive laws including damage. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of two concretes prepared with two different adjuvants
Mungwa, Martin. "Structures mixtes bois-béton : caractérisation de connecteurs." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0071.
Full textRecent advances in modern construction have led to the systematic use of combined concrete slab and timber beams as a horizontal load bearing structural component, the latter playing an identical role as steel beams in a composite concrete steel floor. Unfortunately the well-established rules governing the design of shear connectors for structural composite concrete-steel floors cannot be applied directly to wood-concrete composite structural elements due to the nature of the bond that exists between wood and connecting elements. Thus the thesis was aimed at investigating the mechanical behavior of two types of shear connector using static tests. They consisted of a dowel-type connector with a metal base plate and a tubular connector. Using a shear test rig preliminary lateral and axial resistance of different nails, screws with and without disc springs as well as punched metal plates were investigated. These were compared with Eurocode 4 recommendations and the observations led to the design and testing of standardized pushout specimens for both connector types according to the provisions of Eurocode 4. Two predictive techniques were developed to account for the serviceability limit state as well as the ultimate resistance of the connectors. For the former, an elastic model was used to predict the load-deformation characteristics of the dowel through an exact stiffness formulation of a beam on elastic foundation. While the ultimate resistance was based on a modified Johansen yield model. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental results were found to be in good agreement
Cheriet, Taoufik. "Contribution à l’étude du béton arme expansif." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0057.
Full textLallemant, Isabelle. "Hétérogénéités de teinte des parements en béton." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0127.
Full textSassia, Akio. "Le Béton armé au Japon (1903-1945)." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0671.
Full textJapanese reinforced concrete is an original example of the assimilation of Western technology. Introduced in 1903 by the Japanese themselves, the new material developed quickly, sometimes being mixed with traditional techniques, toward earthquake-proof structures. Two Japanese methods of construction merit particular attention: bamboo reinforcement and “composite” structures – steel frames covered with reinforced concrete. Several types of reinforcement and some kinds of structure developed in the West are potentially earthquake-proof, but very few studies were made there at the time to explore this potential. The Japanese addressed the subject from the start, and a calculable earthquake-proof system was created in 1922: “composite” rigid frames braced by reinforced concrete walls. It was proved effective the following year by the great earthquake of Kanto. The origins of the system can be found in the West: steel arches and stanchions covered with concrete. However these systems are dwarfed by “normal” reinforced concrete. Shell structures, which have a good aseismic potential due to their lightness and rigidity, developed very late in Japan. Three factors seem to have prevented this innovation: lack of experience in masonry construction; immaturity in experimental studies; lack of contact between civil engineers and building engineers. WWII resolved these problems and permitted a technological breakthrough. Shells were thus put into practice, and since then, Japan has been one of the leaders in the field of spatial structures
Manalip, Hieryco. "Etude du comportement en flexion de poutres partiellement précontraintes en béton de hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0016.
Full textPhan, Thanh Song. "Modélisation numérique de l'interface acier-béton : application au comportement des structures en béton renforcées par des aciers plats crantés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788282.
Full textKrayani, Abbas. "Contributions à la modélisation non linéaire du comportement mécanique du béton et des ouvrages en béton armé et précontraint." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2122.
Full textThe knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the material and its loading history (at any point of the structure) is necessary to evaluate the tightness of a containment structure and therefore its durability. An elastic plastic non local damage model is developed for modeling the mechanical behaviour of concrete. A regularization technique is introduced on the part responsible of the strain-softening behaviour in order to avoid the numerical problems due to the phenomenon of localisation of damage. The constitutive law and its numerical implementation are detailed. The consistent tangent matrix is derived, where the numerical differentiation technique is applied to integrate plastic constitutive laws and to obtain a quadratic convergence with the Newton-Raphson method at Gauss-point level and in the solution of the boundary value problem. Simulations have shown the capacity of the model to reproduce the classical and complex structural behaviour of concrete. The comparisons with the isotropic damage models illustrate the improvements achieved by introducing the plasticity to the damage formulation: the mode of failure is reproduced correctly (mode I and mixed mode) and the ultimate load is in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, we present modifications of the classical non local damage model in order to take into account the boundary effects. Our justification is based on micromechanical arguments in which the interactions between microcracks are reduced nearby the free boundary
Libessart, Laurent. "Influence de la composition des agents de démoulage à l'interface coffrage-béton : impact sur l'esthétique des parements en béton." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0208.
Full textVery common in the civil engineering industry, release agents are used to facilitate the release of the concrete from the mould. On site, they are sprayed onto the surface of the moulds or onto the formwork before concrete pouring. This CIFRE thesis deals with the behaviour of oils at the concrete/oil/formwork interface. Indeed, the role of form release oils is to prevent the adhesion of the concrete to the walls, to improve the aspect of the facings and to fight against the corrosion of steel surfaces. The most used oils are of mineral origin, but they cause nuisances to the users and the environment. In order to solve the problem, vegetable-based formulations were developed. So as to know the influence of certain chemical parameters on the performances of oils, formulations were carried out on the two families so that each parameter could be analyzed. First of all, the evolution of the viscosity of oils was studied according to temperature. Then, the formwork/oil interface was characterized by means of optical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Measurements of drop angles and surface tensions were also performed in order to study the adhesion of oil to the wall. To finish, tests using a plane-on-plane tribometer and aesthetics study of concrete facings were made. The results enabled us to define the mechanisms intervening in the concrete/oil/formwork interface. Mineral oils act physically by forming a film isolating the wall from the concrete whereas vegetable esters in contact with the concrete generate insoluble, hydrophobic carboxylates
Goudjil, Nassima. "Développement d'un nouveau procédé de décoffrage basé sur la polarisation du béton : Etude de l'aspect des parements en béton." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0201/document.
Full textTo overcome the inconveniences of current demoulding methods, a new technique based on the concrete polarization has been developed. The principle, based on the phenomenon of electro-osmosis, is to apply an electric potential between the reinforcement and formwork leading to water displacement to the concrete/formwork interface where a film of water, able to avoid the adhesion of the concrete with the formwork, is formed. This device also allowed verifying the casting and reproducibility of the concrete by using electrical resistance. A feasibility study proved the interstitial water displacement and demolding possibility. To obtain a good quality of facing and demolding, the polarization parameters (voltage value, time and duration of its application) have been optimized according to room temperature and concrete formulations. For temperatures above 20 ± 2 °C, the polarization conditions are the same for all the concrete formulations. At temperatures below 20 ± 2 °C, the addition of the accelerator was required at each time and the value of the applied voltage had to be increased. All results showed that the thickness of water film and the conductivity value of the concrete determine the quality of the concrete facings and demolding. The application of the optimal conditions provides a similar quality of concrete facings or even better in some cases, than those obtained with the demoulding oils currently used.With these results, the technique has been transposed in-situ and it gave satisfactory results
Blouin-Dallaire, Émile, and Émile Blouin-Dallaire. "Les méthodes de cure et leurs impacts sur le retrait et la fissuration du béton projeté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37134.
Full textCe mémoire est consacré à l’étude des méthodes de cure et leurs impacts sur le retrait et la fissuration du béton projeté. Plus globalement, cette recherche traite de la problématique de la fissuration des réparations en béton. Généralement, les réparations en béton projeté génèrent rapidement de grandes surfaces de béton frais. Si elles sont mal protégées, les sollicitations liées au séchage peuvent mener à l’échec de la réparation. Une méthode de cure adéquate permet de prévenir la fissuration et d’augmenter la durabilité de la réparation. Beaucoup reste à faire en ce qui concerne les techniques de cure et de protection afin de déterminer celles qui fonctionnent vraiment. Afin d’évaluer l’apport bénéfique de différentes méthodes de cure sur le béton projeté, une méthode de mesure du retrait a été développée. Cette étape permet de combler l’absence de norme ou de méthode permettant aujourd’hui de mesurer le retrait du béton projeté et de quantifier en même temps l’impact bénéfique des méthodes de cure. Avec cette méthode, les différents produits de cure externe suivants ont été évalués et classés du plus efficace au moins efficace : un agent de cure et de scellement liquide semblable à ceux à base de solvant, un agent de cure et de scellement liquide à base d’eau, un retardateur d’évaporation et enfin, le moins efficace, un agent de cure liquide à membrane à base de résine. Par la suite, des produits de cure interne ont été testés avec la méthode de mesure développée. Les produits testés sont une fibre synthétique et une fibre de chanvre. La fibre synthétique apporte un bénéfice dès la mise en place. La fibre de chanvre semble avoir apporté des améliorations notables plus importantes vis-à-vis du retrait du béton à long terme. Finalement, une technique de cure fréquemment utilisée en chantier (jute humide et polythène) a été évaluée. Les résultats des essais de type chantier sont peu concluants et ne permettent pas d’apprécier l’apport bénéfique des paramètres testés en raison des particularités de la méthode de mesure. En conclusion, ce projet a rempli sa mission quant à la détermination des bénéfices des méthodes de cure sur le béton projeté. Il ouvre également la voie à de nombreuses applications et possibilités futures jusqu’alors non envisageable pour le béton projeté grâce à la méthode de mesure développée.
This thesis is devoted to the study of curing methods and their impacts on the shrinkage and cracking of shotcrete. More generally, this research deals with the problem of cracking of concrete repairs. Generally, shotcrete repairs quickly generate large areas of fresh concrete. If poorly protected, drying stress can lead to the failure of the repair. Curing methods prevent cracking and increase the durability of concrete repair. Much remains to be done with regard to cure and protection techniques to determine what really works. In order to evaluate the beneficial contribution of curing methods on shotcrete, a shrinkage measurement method is developed. This step makes it possible to fill the gap in the standards or methods used today to measure the shrinkage of shotcrete and at the same time to quantify the beneficial impact of curing methods on shrinkage. This method allows to start measuring shrinkage only 4 hours after placement. With this method, the following different external curing products are evaluated and classified from the most effective to the least effective : a solvent based liquid curing and sealing agent, a water-based liquid curing and sealing agent, an evaporation retarder and finally, the least effective, a resin-based membrane liquid curing agent. The solvent-based liquid curing and sealing agent provided the best results. Then internal curing products are tested with the developed measurement method. The products tested are synthetic fibre and a hemp fibre. Synthetic fibre brings an benefits as soon as the concrete is placed. Hemp fibre seems to have made more significant improvements in concrete shrinkage in the long term. Finally, a curing technique frequently used on site is evaluated. The results of this test are inconclusive and do not allow to assess the beneficial contribution of the tested parameters due to the particularities of the measurement method. In conclusion, this project fulfilled its mission to determine the beneficial effects of curing methods on shotcrete. It opens the way for many future applications and possibilities that were not previously possible for thanks to the measurement method developed.
This thesis is devoted to the study of curing methods and their impacts on the shrinkage and cracking of shotcrete. More generally, this research deals with the problem of cracking of concrete repairs. Generally, shotcrete repairs quickly generate large areas of fresh concrete. If poorly protected, drying stress can lead to the failure of the repair. Curing methods prevent cracking and increase the durability of concrete repair. Much remains to be done with regard to cure and protection techniques to determine what really works. In order to evaluate the beneficial contribution of curing methods on shotcrete, a shrinkage measurement method is developed. This step makes it possible to fill the gap in the standards or methods used today to measure the shrinkage of shotcrete and at the same time to quantify the beneficial impact of curing methods on shrinkage. This method allows to start measuring shrinkage only 4 hours after placement. With this method, the following different external curing products are evaluated and classified from the most effective to the least effective : a solvent based liquid curing and sealing agent, a water-based liquid curing and sealing agent, an evaporation retarder and finally, the least effective, a resin-based membrane liquid curing agent. The solvent-based liquid curing and sealing agent provided the best results. Then internal curing products are tested with the developed measurement method. The products tested are synthetic fibre and a hemp fibre. Synthetic fibre brings an benefits as soon as the concrete is placed. Hemp fibre seems to have made more significant improvements in concrete shrinkage in the long term. Finally, a curing technique frequently used on site is evaluated. The results of this test are inconclusive and do not allow to assess the beneficial contribution of the tested parameters due to the particularities of the measurement method. In conclusion, this project fulfilled its mission to determine the beneficial effects of curing methods on shotcrete. It opens the way for many future applications and possibilities that were not previously possible for thanks to the measurement method developed.
Pascu, Ion Radu. "Contribution à l'analyse d’éléments en béton arme sollicites en membrane et flexion biaxiale : expérimentation, modélisation, validation." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0050.
Full textAdvanced numerical models, including physical and geometrical non linearity, have been developed for reinforced concrete structures, particularly for plates and shells. Experimental validation for these numerical models by tests on structures approaching real conditions are needed. The chosen structure, representative of many constructions, is a plane reinforced concrete element, loaded in biaxial membrane forces and flexure. To fulfi1 this need, 'we designed a test set-up for the above mentioned type of element. Which allows the application of various membrane and flexural combinations along two orthogonal directions. A series of ten tests has been performed on this test set-up. The experimental program focused on various load combinations : bi-tension, tension-compression and bi-compression for membrane loading, biaxial flexure with bending moments of the same sign or of apposite signs, cyclic loads. Experimental results were used to validate a reinforced concrete shell finite element model. They allowed also to formulate a number of conclusions on plane RC elements subjected to combined biaxial membrane and flexural loads. It was found that the numerical model provides good results for monotonic loading, at least when reinforcement plays an important role. In the future, the model validation for cyclic loads and other type of loads, based on these experimental data, is possible
Turcry, Philippe. "Retrait et fissuration des bétons autoplaçants : influence de la formulation." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2098.
Full textSelf compacting concrete (SCC), is a fluid concrete cast without vibration, which is more and more used by building industry. But its development is slowed down by a complex formulation and a delayed behaviour still unknown. This research program was carried out within the framework of a national project called B@P and was financed by VM Matériaux, a French producer of ready made concrete. Its first concern is a comparison of SCC and ordinary concrete regarding shrinkage cracking potential. Its second objective is to find solutions to minimise this cracking potential. In practice, SCC mix design is mainly empirical. However scientific methods can be found in literature. In the first part, a comparison of three mix design methods is done. This study leads us to propose solutions for rationalising current empirical approach. In the second part, mechanism of plastic shrinkage and cracking at the fresh state are studied thanks specially designed devices. First the link between cracking and shrinkage is shown to be difficult to establish. Consistency appears to be a parameter as essential as shrinkage in cracking. We show then that plastic shrinkage of SCC is higher than ordinary concrete one when drying is moderate, but identical when drying rate is high. Restrained shrinkage tests confirm that the risk of cracking at the fresh state is similar for SCC and ordinary concrete when drying rate is high. One concludes first that it is necessary to protect SCC from drying at early age to compensate for their lack of bleeding, then that fluid consistency offers to them a strain capacity higher than that of the ordinary concrete. The third part is devoted to the potential of cracking due to shrinkage after setting. Mechanical properties of SCC and derived ordinary concrete are compared. Compressive strength appears to be a good index of comparison, because for the same resistance, elastic modulus, total shrinkage, creep and rupture parameters differ little from a SCC composition and an ordinary one manufactured with the same components. .
Vanhove, Yannick. "Contribution à l'étude du frottement d'un béton autoplaçant contre une surface métallique : application aux poussées contre les coffrages." Artois, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ARTO0203.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate the friction of fresh concrete with metallic formwork. A specially designed tribometer was developed to investigate such friction and was adapted for various types of concrete mixtures. The originality of this work lies mainly in the fact that it concerns a commonly used material for wich the friction against the forming surface has not been sufficiently investigated. A new approach is used in this study to predict the lateral pressure induced by the fresh concrete pressure. A particular interest is the formwork pressure exerted by highly flowable concrete, or self-compacting concrete. When the concrete is cast into place, a limit interface layer reduces the frictional stresses with the formwork material. When the pressure applied on the concrete is greater than a certain critical pressure, some of the cement particles and fines come into direct contact with the formwork material, and the concrete begins to follow a granular comportment. This leads to greater increase in friction stress which varies with the flow velocity between the rising fresh concrete and formwork material. When a demoulding agent is applied at the interface, the friction stress depends mainly on the physico-chimical characteristics of the resulting film of paste at the interface. In certain cases, these agents can maintain the integrity of the limit layer near the wall surface. This allows, during the flow of the plastic concrete, to reduce the friction at the wall compared to similar situation where a demoulding agent is not used. Well established models used for silos were used to predict the formwork pressure exerted by fresh concrete. Similary between the evolution of concrete pressure and ensiled granular mediums one was observed on site, though the strains are different. From these observations, several models derived from Janssen's model, have been proposed. The model adapted in the case of fresh concrete allows the prediction with satisfaction formwork pressure. This study can therefore enable the used of the designed tribometer to test a variety of material and placement parameters to predict formwork pressure instead of large-scale and often expensive field tests
Feddal, Dalila. "Contribution au développement d'un calorimètre isotherme plan à large domaine d'applications : mortiers, bétons, matériaux très réactifs, hautes températures." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0209.
Full textThe knowledge of the kinetics of hydration is a major factor to highlight the mechanical and rheological behaviour of the concrete during setting and hardening. Two isothermal calorimeters were developed within our laboratory. Whereas usual adiabatic or semi adiabatic calorimeters are based on temperatures measurements, heat flux is monitored on 110x220 mm cylindrical or 90x90x160 mm prismatic samples. They brought significant advances in the study of the kinetics of hydration. For traditional mixtures and normal curing conditions, the isothermy is correctly assured. However, in the case of very reactive mixtures or for high curing temperatures, the processes of hydration are strongly exothermic and the isothermy is no more assured. Thus, new 150x150 mm plane calorimeter with low basic thickness and flexible height was developed and presented herein. It allows the study of very reactive materials such as concrete or grouts containing quick-setting cements and allows high test temperature. Then, the main contribution and application of this newly developed calorimeter was prospected. The purposes of these studies are, first, to highlight the effect of temperature of the hydration process and the mix design of concrete. In addition, these calorimetric measurements enable to determinate the apparent activation energy which is an essential parameter for maturometry. Results of a study at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40°C are presented. Of share its variable geometry, one of the possible applications is to compare the kinetics of hydration and apparent activation energy at various scales (concrete, concrete equivalent mortar "CEM" and CEN mortar). Then, another possible application is the concrete study in quite isothermal conditions at high temperature (40 to 80°C), to verify if the Arrhénius law is still accurate for cement-based materials cast at high temperature
Ringot, Erick. "Identification et caractérisation de la microfissuration dans les bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30126.
Full textOmar, Mirvat. "Déformations différées du béton : étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique de l'interaction fluage-endommagement." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2117.
Full textThe aim of this research is to investigate numerical and experimental studies of coupling between creep and crack growth in concrete. The numerical study underlines the different approaches that can be envisioned in order to incorporate damage into the time dependent creep functions: In the Maxwell model, the effective stress approach was used. In the Kelvin model, material damage acts on the time independent part of the creep functional. The numerical models are calibrated so that they fit the experimental data. Some computer simulations have been carried out. Results of various loading histories with different controlling parameters confirm the influence of the damage behaviour on creep or relaxation of concrete. Besides, another type of modeling based on a discrete approach was handled in this study: the Zip model, which has been modified in order to consider the viscoelasticity of concrete. Results show that the length of the Fracture Process Zone decreases when increasing viscoelasticity. In addition to the numerical models, a large experimental program should also give many indications about the interaction between creep and crack and allow to conclude simplified rules predicting the capacity of a structure to resist to crack growth taking into consideration the time dependent behavior of concrete. This experimental program is intended to analyse the influence of flexural creep on the capacity of concrete beams, it is also intended to study the variation of the material behaviour after creep on the size effect law. The load level effects on creep strain are also discussed. Basic creep experiments show that for high load levels there is a coupled effect between creep and damage as tertiary creep is observed. Acoustic emission analysis was also performed during creep loading, the aim is to correlate the evolution of the cumulative AE events and energy vs. The deflection of the beam
KADRI, EL HADJ. "Contribution a l'etude de l'influence de la fumee de silice sur les caracteristiques des betons a hautes performances (b. H. P. )." Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0046.
Full textDominguez, Ramirez Norberto. "Etude de la liaison acier-béton : de la modélisation du phénomène à la formulation d'un élément fini enrichi "béton armé"." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132749.
Full textParadis, François. "Influence de la fissuration du béton sur la corrosion des armatures : caractérisation des produits de corrosion formés dans le béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26061/26061.pdf.
Full textThe work conducted in this thesis concerns reinforced steel corrosion, which is one of the most important problems affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The principal objective of the thesis is to understand the influence of concrete cracking on corrosion initiation and propagation. This thesis presents experimental work where all tests are done in order to better represent real exposure conditions. Concrete samples are submitted to wetting (saline solution) and drying cycles. The evolution of corrosion of the reinforcement is followed using non-destructives electrochemical techniques. The nature and distribution of the corrosion products formed in concrete are analyzed at different level of corrosion. Since researchers often use accelerated techniques to initiate corrosion, a supplemental test campaign have been done in order to evaluate the reliability of these accelerated techniques. The results show some important differences on the nature and distribution of corrosion products. Subsequently, an experimental protocol representing natural exposure conditions has been set up in order to generate reinforced steel corrosion in mortar. A precise methodology for analyzing the nature and the distribution of corrosion products has also been followed. A first evaluation of corrosion initiation and propagation has been done on uncracked mortars. The results show that the chemical environment and the porosity of concrete have significant influence on the nature and the distribution of corrosion products. Artificially cracked specimens were also prepared to understand the influence of cracks on corrosion initiation and propagation. Results show that the presence of a crack increases the probability of corrosion initiation. The magnetite is the main oxide formed at the steel / concrete interface. Following wetting and drying cycles, the magnetite changes in goethite and akaganeite. Results from loaded and multi-cracked specimen show that cyclic loading also have some effect on corrosion kinetic. This influence seems to be related to the deterioration of steel / concrete interface, which further promotes corrosion propagation and also modify the nature and distribution of corrosion products.
Richard, Benjamin. "Modélisation d'éléments de structure en béton armé dégradés par corrosion : la problématique de l'interface acier/béton en présence de corrosion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598333.
Full textNait-Rabah, Ouahcène. "Simulation numérique du comportement non-linéaire des ossatures spatiales : application aux structures en béton armé, en béton précontraint et mixtes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0151.
Full textTorrenti, Jean-Michel. "Comportement multiaxial du béton : aspects expérimentaux et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529740.
Full textNguyen, Viet-Hung. "Couplage dégradation chimique - comportement en compression du béton." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011140.
Full textavec la dégradation chimique. Dans la première partie, une campagne d'essai est effectuée où la cinétique de lixiviation chimique et les propriétés mécaniques ainsi que le comportement couplé du béton sont mis en vidence. Une méthode de lixiviation accélérée est choisie qui permet de dégrader rapidement les
éprouvettes. Dans la deuxime partie, le couplage chimie - mécanique est décrit. D'une part une approche simplifiée de la lixiviation du calcium est utilisée. En tenant compte de la présence des granulats, une approche par homogénéisation utilisant
un développement asymptotique est présentée. Elle permet de décrire la tortuosité due à la morphologie, la fraction volumique des granulats ainsi qu'à la disposition des granulats.
D'autre part, plusieurs modélisations mécaniques peuvent rendre compte du comportement mécanique du béton après lixiviation. Le modèle élastoplastique endommageable permet notamment de retrouver
les déformations permanentes observées dans les essais. La résolution du problème non linéaire est réalisée dans le contexte de la méthode des éléments finis. Les simulations numériques sont comparées avec les résultats expérimentaux et montrent un bon
accord. Enfin un exemple d'application au cas d'un tunnel de stockage est présenté.
Lê, Ngoc Dong. "Amélioration de la régularité du béton en production." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003421.
Full textDenis, Jacques. "La perméabilité des réservoirs à lisier en béton /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59574.
Full textPositive infiltration is met when the water table into the soil is above the liquid level into the reservoir. In that case, the water is moving from the outside to the inside of the reservoir. An opposite situation is met when the infiltration is negative.
From the results, the infiltration rate varied from 0.00 to 6.684 $ times$ 10$ sp{-7}$ m/s. The minimum value was recorded at the reservoir 55 with 1% of total solid manure and the maximum value was recorded with same reservoir with positive pressure to water.
Goupil, France. "Qualification des masses de béton par méthodes sismiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ53577.pdf.
Full text