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MacDonald, Myles R. "A New Experiment on Rational Behavior." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/133.
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Behavioral economics is widely recognized as a rising field in economics, one whose discoveries and implications are not yet completed or understood. At the same time, economic theory plays an enormous role in our governmental and legal system. In particular, the Coase Theorem and its implications have affected nearly every area in the field of law and economics. This paper proposes a experimental test of Coasean bargaining in situations using two competitive players whose payoffs depend on minimizing their costs of mitigating the externality. A rational player’s action can be predicted ahead of time, and the rationality of the game’s outcome can be objectively measured. If behavioral effects found in consumer goods situations by other experimenters carry over to competitive business situations, then a substantial review of law regarding such situations is in order.
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Mohr, Sascha Janina. "Costly signaling and generous behavior." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6278.
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This thesis explores the use of generous behaviour as a costly signal to convey information about an unobservable social characteristic to other individuals in one's social environment. Building on recent contributions in this spirit, I develop a theoretical framework that contrasts signaling activities without social benefits with activities that benefit the observers in situations in which individuals compete for access to a scarce social good. The objective of the first part of the thesis is to characterize the possible separating equilibria in each case. While one obtains a multiplicity of equilibria when the agents employ neutral signals to convey information, one can make a unique prediction with respect to the individuals' equilibrium behaviour if they use beneficial signaling activities, the agents are of two discrete types, behave symmetrically within their respective types, and the observers of the signals adopt non-decreasing beliefs vis-à-vis the signalers' relative quality. In view of their sharp divergence, the second part of the thesis investigates experimentally the precision of these predictions. The results provide support for many elements of the theory. Among others, the behaviour of individuals in the treatments with beneficent signals is much more closely in line with the theoretical predictions than expected given the complexity of their behavioural implications, especially when it comes to the similarity of the participants' behaviour within them. Behaviour in the treatment with neutral signals, in turn, is consistent with multiple equilibria. The final part of the thesis explores what kind of signaling activity individuals trying to communicate their intentions to potential interaction partners will use in various social settings if given a choice. To this end, the framework developed in the first part is extended to allow the signalers to choose endogenously a signal from a “menu” of signaling activities rather than exogenously prescribing a messaging tool. Besides revealing that the uniqueness result of the framework without choice no longer obtains, the results indicate that the players may, under some conditions, opt for inefficient signals.
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Gisches, Eyran Jacob. "Information Effects on Group Behavior in Networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195878.
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The essays presented in this dissertation strive to narrow the gap between Operations models and practice. They describe three models with seemingly paradoxical or counter-intuitive predictions and then test them in the controlled environment of the laboratory.Essay 1 studies the departure time decisions of commuters traversing a Y-shaped network with two bottlenecks, who wish to arrive at their common destination at a desired time. Imposed on the network are costs associated with arriving either too early or too late with respect to an exogenously determined arrival time as well as to the delay experienced due to the bottlenecks. The equilibrium solution implies that, for certain parameter values, expanding the capacity of the upstream bottlenecks while keeping the capacity of the other fixed may induce a shift in the endogenously-determined departure times so as to increase total travel costs. We report the results of a large-group experiment designed to test this counterintuitive hypothesis. Our experimental results are strongly supportive of this prediction.Essay 2 examines the Braess Paradox which is a counterintuitive discovery that removing a link from a network that is subject to congestion may decrease the equilibrium travel cost for each of its users. We demonstrate this phenomenon in a complex network and test it experimentally with large groups of players. Our main purpose is to compare two information conditions. In the PUBLIC condition every user is informed of the route choices and payoffs of all the users. In the PRIVATE condition, each user is only informed of her own payoff. We show that under both information conditions, aggregate route choices converge to equilibrium.Essay 3 examines the impact of information on the routing decisions that drivers make in a congestible two route traffic network. We present a model and theoretical predictions of driver choices in such a network and compare outcomes under conditions of full and no-information regarding the capacities of each route. Under certain circumstances, the model predicts a paradox: aggregate travel delays increase with the provision of a priori information regarding stochastic travel conditions. We report evidence supporting this paradox in a laboratory experiment.
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Isabella, Giuliana. "Hedonic and utilitarian purchases and construal level theory in the perception of justice and price fairness: behavioral and physiological perspectives." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-30092015-111840/.
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Consumers make purchasing decisions every day. Among their purchases, consumers shop for hedonic and utilitarian products. In general, hedonic consumption is related to fun, pleasure, excitement, fantasy, experimental situations, or sensual pleasure. On the other hand, utilitarian consumption is related to instrumental and functional needs or products. Studies in psychology have shown that the information processes used to understand words and pictures are different. Since marketing researchers employ both types of stimuli, it is necessary to test how different stimuli can influence consumer behavior. Therefore, this study verified the influence of hedonic and utilitarian purchases and presentation types (pictures versus words) on consumers\' perceptions of justice and price fairness based on anger as a mediators and construal level theory. Because discriminatory pricing is a widely employed market practice, it was used the price changing (increasing or decreasing) contexts in the studies to manipulate perception of justice and price fairness. Based on that, ten hypotheses were developed and divided into sub items, which were tested with behavioral or physiological studies. The physiological data were collected by an electrocardiogram, electrodermal, and electromyography. The data analyses were done with analyses of variance (ANOVA), analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), and generalized estimation equations (GEE). The main result was that in picture presentations (low construal level), when consumers pay more than others to purchase utilitarian products, they perceive the situation as less just and more price unfairness compared to when the product is hedonic. In a word presentation (high construal level), the perceptions of justice, price fairness, perception of value, and the intention to repurchase are lower with the presentation of utilitarian products compared to hedonic products. In terms of physiological analyses, attention, arousal, and valence were tested to compare the product and presentation types. This study is relevant to marketing theory, as many academics utilize words and pictures as stimuli, but few address the differences due to representation types. By studying different products, such as hedonic and utilitarian, and using consumers\' affective and rational properties, it was found that the anger evoked in consumers by products are mediators in price fairness perception. This dissertation also contributes to understanding product evaluations in post-purchase situations, as opposed to during the choice process, which is found in the literature most often. For practitioners, this study makes important contributions by showing that the way a product is exposed (with words or pictures) influences the perception of justice when consumers realize that discriminatory pricing is being practiced.Os consumidores tomam decisões de compra frequentemente, envolvendo produtos hedônicos e utilitários. Em geral, o consumo hedonista está relacionado com diversão, prazer, excitação, fantasia, prazer sensitivo até mesmo experienciar a compra. Por outro lado, o consumo utilitário está relacionado com as necessidades ou produtos instrumentais e funcionais. Estudos em psicologia têm mostrado que os processos de captação das informações para o entendimento das palavras e imagens são diferentes. Já que os pesquisadores de marketing empregam os dois tipos de estímulos em seus estudos, é importante testar como as diferentes formas de estímulos podem influenciar o comportamento do consumidor. Desta forma, esta dissertação buscou verificar a influência de diferentes formas de apresentação dos produtos (por figuras e palavras) hedônicos e utilitários na percepção de justiça e na justiça de preços, e seu mediador (raiva) com base na teoria de construal level quando existe uma mudança de preço pago pelo consumidor. Como preços discriminatórios é uma prática amplamente utilizada no mercado, é relevante entender como os consumidores percebem e reagem em situações de mudança (aumento ou diminuição) de preços. Com base neste contexto, dez hipóteses com subitens foram desenvolvidas. Estas foram testadas por meio de estudos comportamentais ou fisiológicos. Os dados fisiológicos foram coletados por meio de eletrocardiograma, condutância da pele e eletromiografia. As análises de dados foram realizadas com análise de variância (ANOVA), análise de covariância (ANCOVA), e equações de estimação generalizadas (GEE). Os principais resultados desse estudo foram que quando o estímulo foi a apresentação de produtos por figura (baixo nível de interpretação), e quando os consumidores pagaram mais que outras pessoas, em compras de produtos utilitários, eles perceberam a situação como menos justa e o preço mais injusto quando comparados a compras de produtos hedônicos. Entretanto, em apresentações de produtos por palavras (alto nível de interpretação), a percepção de justiça, de justiça de preço, percepção de valor e de intenção de recompra foram menores quando os produtos eram utilitários comparados aos produtos hedônicos. Em relação às análises fisiológicas, foram testados os produtos e a forma de apresentação quanto a sua atenção, excitação e valência. Ao estudar os diferentes tipos de compra hedônicas e utilitárias e as propriedades afetivas e cognitivas dessa compra, verificou-se que a raiva evocadas pelos consumidores na situação de preço mais elevado é um mediador da percepção de justiça de preço. Esta dissertação contribui para a compreensão das avaliações de produtos em situações de pós-venda, ao contrário da maioria dos estudos da literatura que focam no processo de escolha de um produto. Para o mercado, este estudo faz importantes contribuições ao mostrar que a forma como o produto é exposto (com palavras ou imagens) influencia na percepção de justiça quando os consumidores percebem que preços discriminatórios estão sendo praticados.
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Bashaw, Meredith Joy. "To hunt or not to hunt? : a feeding enrichment experiment with captive wild felids." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28558.
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Jeggle-Engbert, Linda [Verfasser]. "Changing dentists’ carious tissue removal behavior: Qualitative study and behavioral change simulation experiment / Linda Jeggle-Engbert." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202043062/34.
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Langhammer, David. "On the chromogenic behavior of tungsten oxide films : A cryogenic experiment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263554.
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The chromogenic properties of tungsten trioxide (WO3) have been studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy at 4.2 K in order to characterize the electronic structure of this material and see how this relates to optical responses during chromogenic coloration. Transition processes between electron energy states are often the cause of optical phenomena and it is important to identify such processes in order to understand the chromogenic coloration of tungsten oxide films. Much research work has been devoted to characterize the physical and chemical mechanisms that are responsible for this coloration and this is of fundamental importance to understand the chromogenic behavior. The latest research shows that oxygen vacancies could play an important role in certain coloration processes, but it is still a matter of debate whether these are important for the overall response. This work aims to identify specific transitions that are related to oxygen vacancies by measuring photoluminescence from films with controlled vacancy content. The main goal of the project was to set up an experiment that could measure photoluminescence at liquid helium temperature. This was done by installing and integrating the components included in this experimental set-up. The films had been prepared prior to this work and were deposited on a nanocrystalline CaF2 substrate, which is a material that has a very large band gap and was therefore expected to fully transparent in the UV range. However it was found that the substrate inelastically scattered the UV excitation light, which produced strong signals that overshadowed the photoluminescence and prevented an effective characterization of the electronic structure in the films. Instead, suggestions were given on how to minimize uncertainty factors and overcome the difficulties met in this work. It was also found that the films attain a lasting blue coloration by exposure to UV light in vacuum, and that this might be due to oxygen being desorbed from the film during experiments in vacuum.
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Changeau, Donald. "Citizenship and Constructing Sense in Voting." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5262.
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This is a study of the ways in which citizens construct sense in the voting booth while voting. The experimental design is a pretest posttest control group. The driving theory is that citizens want to convince themselves that they have made sense of the information presented to them. This is their singular value. The reason why this is upheld as the singular value is because without the capacity to construct sense in the voting process, voters would otherwise feel disenfranchised (i.e. deprived of the right to vote) and subsequently feel alienated (i.e. deprived of the rewards that can come from voting). Citizens will be given an opportunity to present bills; they will evoke certain keywords and phrases. The citizen will later evoke varied terminology when confronted with voting patterns from "Senators". The test for the citizen in this experiment will be to remove those Senators who are voting at random and provide reasons for either reelection to or removal from office. There are two anticipated results: 1) Senators voting in random patterns will be removed from office in an equal or lesser proportion than remaining Senators, and 2) responses to non-random voting patterns will evoke lesser variation in terminology employed.
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Tan, Xin. "Hydro-mechanical coupled behavior of brittle rocks." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-131492.
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‘Coupled process’ implies that one process affects the initiation and progress of the others and vice versa. The deformation and damage behaviors of rock under loading process change the fluid flow field within it, and lead to altering in permeable characteristics; on the other side inner fluid flow leads to altering in pore pressure and effective stress of rock matrix and flow by influencing stress strain behavior of rock. Therefore, responses of rock to natural or man-made perturbations cannot be predicted with confidence by considering each process independently. As far as hydro-mechanical behavior of rock is concerned, the researchers have always been making efforts to develop the model which can represent the permeable characteristics as well as stress-strain behaviors during the entire damage process.
A brittle low porous granite was chosen as the study object in this thesis, the aim is to establish a corresponding constitutive law including the relation between permeability evolution and mechanical deformation as well as the rock failure behavior under hydro-mechanical coupled conditions based on own hydro-mechanical coupled lab tests. The main research works of this thesis are as follows:
1. The fluid flow and mechanical theoretical models have been reviewed and the theoretical methods to solve hydro-mechanical coupled problems of porous medium such as flow equations, elasto-plastic constitutive law, and Biot coupled control equations have been summarized.
2. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted on the granite from Erzgebirge–Vogtland region within the Saxothuringian segment of Central Europe, including: permeability measurements, ultrasonic wave speed measurements, Brazilian tests, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. A hydro-mechanical coupled testing system has been designed and used to conduct drained, undrained triaxial compression tests and permeability evolution measurements during complete loading process. A set of physical and mechanical parameters were obtained.
3. Based on analyzing the complete stress-strain curves obtained from triaxial compression tests and Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a modified elemental elasto-plastic constitutive law was developed which can represent strength degradation and volume dilation considering the influence of confining pressure.
4. The mechanism of HM-coupled behavior according to the Biot theory of elastic porous medium is summarized. A trilinear evolution rule for Biot’s coefficient based on the laboratory observations was deduced to eliminate the error in predicting rock strength caused by constant Biot’s coefficient.
5. The permeability evolution of low porous rock during the failure process was described based on literature data and own measurements, a general rule for the permeability evolution was developed for the laboratory scale, a strong linear relation between permeability and volumetrical strain was observed and a linear function was extracted to predict permeability evolution during loading process based on own measurements.
6. By combining modified constitutive law, the trilinear Biot’s coefficient evolution model and the linear relationship between permeability and volumetrical strain, a fully hydro-mechanical coupled numerical simulation scheme was developed and implemented in FLAC3D. A series of numerical simulations of triaxial compression test considering the hydro-mechanical coupling were performed with FLAC3D. And a good agreement was found between the numerical simulation results and the laboratory measurements under 20 MPa confining pressure and 10 MPa fluid pressure, the feasibility of this fully hydro-mechanical coupled model was proven.
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McNabb, Lucas. "‘NUDGING’ ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BEHAVIOR? EXPERIMENTS ON RECYCLING AT UPPSALA UNIVERSITY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324717.
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Incorrect waste disposal has devastating consequences for the environment. Recycling is an environmentally friendlier way to dispose of waste, and recycling opportunities are turning up in more and more public spaces. However, at any given recycling station, lots of recyclables are not recycled. This study posed the question: “Can simple ‘nudges’ be used to increase the proportion of correctly disposed of recyclables at public recycling stations?” And through field experiments at Uppsala University this study has shown that there is a significant potential for nudges when it comes to recycling behavior in common spaces. Various signs were designed and attached to recycling stations spread out over six different campuses. Statistically significant changes were observed and the generalizability of these findings is expected to be wide, as the interventions are operating on a cognitive level.
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Rose, Susan L. "Essays on almost common value auctions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149185948.
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Ferm, Robert. "Investigating the impact of nudging on customers’ behavior : A retail store experiment with IoT devices." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84605.
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Between 4000-10 000 ads each day every day. That is how many ads we as customers are exposed to individually, each and every day. To reach a higher efficiency in marketing, marketing managers and store owners nowadays aiming to increase the customer satisfaction by striving to understand the customer behavior and their decisioning-making. For the aim of this thesis, we investigated if coloring cues in the retail environment had an impact on customers’ behavior in a specific retail store environment. This experiment was taken place in a small town within Sweden, named Karlstad. The retail store belongs to the electronic sector and the participants included in the experiment were randomly visiting customers of this electronical retail store. In the experiment we used IoT devices from Texas Instruments, a sensor device, called CC2650, enabled us to collect data from interactions by customers and products. In our experiment we compared three periods of data with the help from the analysis method of one-way ANOVA. The result was showing that there is a significant variance between at least two of our three periods of measurements, and by the results of this thesis we could reject the Null Hypothesis (H0). As the H0, were telling that there would not be any differences between any of the three measured periods of time. Further, with insights from our one-way ANOVA, we could determine with help from a complementary analysis method, the Tukey’s HSD, we could point out which periods that were significant different from one another. This made us come into conclusions that there is a possibility to predict the customer behavior and the customer’s Need for Touch (NFT), a part of the nudging theory, and can give the marketing managers and store owners in retail an increase of understanding of the customer’s behavior. Future research could look into how customer’s behavior can change within different type of retail stores, and also if coloring cues in retail stores within bigger cities will have another impact on customer’s behavior.
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Yeau, Kyong Yun. "EXPERIMENTAL, ANALYTICAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF CORRUGATED METAL CULVERT BEHAVIOR." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267980162.
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Müller, Julia, Christiane Schwieren, and Florian Spitzer. "What Drives Destruction? On the Malleability of Anti-Social Behavior." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5343/1/wp238.pdf.
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Many recent experimental studies have shown that some subjects destroy other subjects' incomes without receiving any material benefit, and that they even incur costs to do so. In this paper, we study the boundary conditions of this phenomenon, which is referred to as anti-social behavior. We introduce a four-player destruction game, in which we vary the framing and the presence of another activity, running in parallel to the destruction game. We observe a substantial amount of destruction in the baseline condition without the parallel activity, and with a framing in the spirit of previous destruction experiments. Our results indicate that a parallel activity as well as a framing emphasizing joint ownership of the item that can be destroyed reduces destruction almost to zero. We therefore argue that the emergence of anti-social behavior is highly contingent on the contextual environment.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Przemeck, Judith. "Personnel economics, incentives and human behavior /." [Bonn] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017381917&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Xue, Hong. "Three Essays on Consumer Behavior and Health Outcomes: An Economic Analysis of the Influence of Nutrition Information and Knowledge on Food Purchasing Behavior and the Impacts of Primary Care Givers Parenting on Childhood Obesity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38592.
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This dissertation is comprised of three essays that investigate consumer behavior and health outcomes. The first essay uses experimental economic techniques to explore consumers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for nutritionally differentiated grass-fed beef. Our findings suggest that consumers' nutrition knowledge about the functions of Vitamin A, Vitamin E, CLA, and Omega 3 could positively affect their WTP for grass-fed beef while the knowledge about the main food sources of these nutrients negatively affects their WTP for grass-fed beef. Furthermore, a higher sensory evaluation score of grass-fed beef compared to conventional beef will lead to a higher probability for a consumer to choose grass-fed beef and a higher monetary value she/he is willing to pay for grass-fed beef.
Using the same experimental data collected in the first study, the second essay investigates the impacts of consumers' nutrition knowledge on their WTP by accommodating the potential endogeneity problem using an instrumental variable approach and a non-instrumental variable approach. Our results suggest the existence of the endogeneity of nutrition knowledge and indicate that ignoring the endogeneity problem in econometric modeling will downwardly bias the estimates of the true effects of nutrition knowledge. The estimates obtained from different estimation strategies in the study indicate the robustness of our findings about the effects of nutrition knowledge on consumers' food purchasing behavior.
The third essay investigates the impacts of primary care giver (PCG)'s time allocation patterns and household food expenditure choices on childhood obesity using the national panel study of income dynamics data. Our results do not suggest significant impacts of PCG's labor force participation, involvement in children's outdoor activity, and household food expenditures on children's Body Mass Index (BMI). However, the estimates from iterated seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and semi-parametric polynomial estimation indicate that parents' BMI significantly influence children's BMI. Interestingly, physical activity appears to have weak correlation with children's BMI.Ph. D.
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Schuhr, Alexander. "Regulation of choice behavior : an experiment investigating the hypothesis that people bundle sequences of expected rewards." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15696.
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This thesis discusses reward bundling as a process that enables decision makers to self-regulate their choice behavior. Most empirical work on intertemporal choice has focused on analyzing impulsive choice. Less effort has been dedicated to explanations of how individuals manage to overcome self-defeating behavior. This thesis evaluates the theory of reward bundling. It presents a set of econometric tools that can be employed to investigate whether actual choice behavior is consistent with the theory of bundling. It reports an experiment with human subjects. Reward bundling has been demonstrated in experiments with pigeons and rats. However, no empirical study using salient rewards and sound econometric model estimation has ever been carried out with humans. The present experiment is, therefore, the first that meets the methodological standards of experimental economics and finds evidence consistent with the presence of reward bundling.
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ZHANG, LEI, and XI YOU. "The Choice of STIGA Table Tennis Blades : Evidence from China." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4879.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals with different characteristics make their choice-decisions when consuming STIGA table tennis blades, which are combinations of various attributes, such as price, control, attack, etc. It is expected that the general trend of choice behavior on this special commodity can be, at least to some extent, revealed. Data were collected using questionnaires sent to registered members of a table tennis club in China. The questionnaires included information and questions about individuals’ monthly income levels, ages, technique styles, etc. A multinomial logit model was then applied to analyze factors determining Chinese consumers’ choice behavior on STIGA table tennis blades. The results indicated that the main element influencing Chinese consumers’ choice of STIGA ping-pong blades was the technique style and other variables did not seem to influence the choice of table tennis blades. These results might be explained by the limited sample size as well as unmeasured and immeasurable factors. Thus, a more extensive research is needed to be conducted in the future.
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Cabaniss, Amy Dyer. "Message Matters: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Increase Household Hazardous Waste Program Participation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1414697787.
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Rypl, Rostislav, Miroslav Vořechovský, Britta Sköck-Hartmann, Rostislav Chudoba, and Thomas Gries. "Effect of twist, fineness, loading rate and length on tensile behavior of multifilament yarn." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244041881719-95100.
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The idea underlying the present study was to apply twisting in order to introduce different levels of transverse pressure. The modified structure affected both the bonding level and the evolution of the damage in the yarn. In order to isolate this effect in a broader context, additional parameters were included in the experiment design, namely effects of loading rate, specimen length and filament diameter (directly linked to the fineness of the yarn). These factors have been studied in various contexts by several authors. Some related studies on involved factors will be briefly reviewed.
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Hinnant, Lynne Celeste. "The trust experience from the truster's perspective a theoretical discussion and experiment /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Teresi, Holly A. "Friending Your Way to Political Knowledge: A Field Experiment of Computer-Mediated Social Networks." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/29.
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This study examines the impact of political information conveyed through computer-mediated social networks. Using a popular social networking website, Facebook, a randomized field experiment involving Georgia State University undergraduates explores the extent to which computer-mediated peer-to-peer communication can increase political knowledge. For this experiment two Facebook profiles were created, one to administer information about the 2009 Atlanta mayoral election and the other to administer timely entertainment information. Students were randomly assigned one of these profiles to “friend.” Students choosing not to “friend” their assigned profile were aggregated to create an additional control condition. Treatments were administered to those who “friended” their assigned profile for the seven days preceding the mayoral election. To assess the transfer of knowledge between the profiles and the students a subsequent in-person survey was conducted (N=374). Results reveal that being exposed to political information by a peer through a social networking website increases the probability of recalling at least some of that information by 18.2 percent. Notably, the same method of exposure to entertainment information produces no significant effects on the recall of that information.
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Gelaye, Ababu A. "UPSCALING OF A THERMAL EVOLUTION EXPERIMENT ON SHREDDED-TIRE MONOFILLS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512762530668535.
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Lorková, Kristína. "Zvyšování efektivity marketingových aktivit pomocí experimentálních metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377409.
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The thesis analyses the customer behavior of Kiwi.com, a global online retail company for booking flights and proposes marketing interventions to increase the conversion rates in various customer segments. The effectiveness of new behavioral interventions is tested against current marketing efforts using experimental A/B methods. Additionally, areas for further improvements are explored and a design of future product features and marketing behavioral interventions is proposed.
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Kusters, Daniel. "Potencializando os efeitos do goal priming: um estudo experimental sobre a influência de diet reminders e activity equivalent labels na redução do consumo calórico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-25112016-115755/.
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Há consenso que a presença abundante de alimentos altamente calóricos contribui para o aumento do sobrepeso e obesidade nas populações. Considerada uma epidemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), este problema de saúde pública tem atraído a atenção de governos, gerando metas globais para combater o problema. O sobrepeso e obesidade não somente representam um problema social, como também afetam o bem-estar do próprio indivíduo. Pesquisas multidisciplinares nas áreas de psicologia, comportamento do consumidor, nutrição, medicina, e outros campos de interesse, desenvolveram teorias na tentativa de explicar as razões pelas quais os indivíduos - mesmo cientes dos malefícios - falham no controle de peso em certas ocasiões. Baseado na teoria do conflito de objetivos no comportamento alimentar e goal priming, estudos mostram relativo sucesso no uso de diet reminders como intervenção situacional, reativando os objetivos de redução de peso e suprimindo o prazer do consumo imediato para indivíduos em restrição calórica. Em outra iniciativa, seguindo nesta mesma linha, a britânica Royal Society for Public Health promoveu recentemente uma larga discussão na mídia sobre a inserção de activity equivalent labels nos rótulos de alimentos para mostrar aos consumidores o quanto devem se exercitar para compensar o ganho calórico. Entretanto, estas duas iniciativas recentes ainda apresentam pouco suporte empírico, e pesquisadores da área clamam por mais estudos. Um estudo experimental utilizando ambos os métodos e promovendo o avanço do conhecimento nesta área, foi aplicado em laboratório, simulando escolhas reais por meio do menu de uma conhecida rede de fast-food. Quatro tipos de estímulos (nenhuma informação, somente calorias, diet reminders e activity equivalent label) foram testadas em mais de quinhentos indivíduos. Utilizando-se primordialmente análises de covariâncias (ANCOVAs) para reduzir a interferência de outros efeitos, os resultados sugerem significativa redução de calorias devido ao efeito de goal priming. Adicionalmente, um achado inédito sugere que os efeitos do activity equivalent label podem potencializar a redução do consumo em indivíduos que praticam atividades físicas regulares. Este é o primeiro estudo experimental que une e compara estes dois tipos de intervenção - diet reminders e activity equivalent label-, contribuindo para o avanço teórico sobre o uso do goal priming como incentivo aos comportamentos alimentares saudáveis. Além disso, o estudo traz relevante contribuição gerencial, principalmente no auxílio da tomada de decisão envolvendo políticas públicas.There is a common understanding that ample availability of high caloric food contributes to an increase in excessive weight and obesity among populations. Considered an epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), this health issue has caught the attention of governments and led to the creation of global aims to fight the problem. Excessive weight and obesity not only represent social issues, but also affect individual well-being. Multidisciplinary research in psychology, consumer behavior, nutrition, medicine, and other fields of interest have posited theories trying to explain why individuals-even those aware of the harm-fail to control their weight in certain instances. Based on the theories of goal conflict model of eating behavior and of goal priming, studies have suggested relative success using diet-reminders as a useful situational intervention in reactivating weight-loss goal, as well as suppressing thoughts associated with food pleasure right at the time of consumption for restrained eaters. In another initiative studying the same issue, the British Royal Society for Public Health promoted ample discussion on media regarding the adoption of activity-equivalent labels on food-packaging in order to show consumers how much exercise they needed to burn intaken calories. However, both initiatives have gathered little empirical evidence of their efficiency and researchers are now claiming for more studies on the issue. An experiment using both methods and further advancing knowledge in this field, has been conducted in a laboratory simulating the real set of menu choices available at a well-known fast-food chain. Four experimental types of stimulus (no information given, amount of calories, diet reminders, and activity equivalent labels) were defined and tested on more than five hundred individuals. Using analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) to reduce the noise of other variables, results have suggested a significant reduction on the amount of calories ordered from the menu due to goal priming effects. Additionally, a new finding suggests activity equivalent labels may potentialize a reduction of calorie-intake in restrained eaters who also exercise regularly. This is the first experiment combining and comparing both types of intervention - diet reminders and activity equivalent labels -, and advancing knowledge regarding the use of goal priming to promote healthy eating behaviors. Furthermore, this study has managerial implications, especially in the form of an insight for public policies regarding decision-behavior.
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Kalanick, Julie Lynn. "An Experiment Examining the Relationship of Affect, Equity, and Equity Sensitivity, With Organizational Citizenship Behaviors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42349.
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This study employed an experimental design intended to be an analog to the workplace to simultaneously examine the affect orientation and equity theory explanations of OCBs, which were evaluated as prosocial behaviors. Participants were 188 undergraduates. Participantsâ dispositional variables were measured at time 1, and at time 2, participants experienced an equity manipulation and were given the opportunity to perform prosocial behaviors. Results indicated a distinction between the decision to help and helping effort, which has not been thoroughly examined in literature on OCBs. Results revealed that the threshold for the decision to help was raised by inequity, yet once the decision had been made, affect and personality variables affected effort of helping. Implications for research and practice are discussed.Master of Science
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Supamatheesiri, Nattavoot. "Immigrants and Swedish citizens An experimental study based on a public good game : A study on the contribution behavior and cooperation of experimental subjects in different immigration situations." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44358.
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This paper studies the contribution behavior and cooperation of subjects in different immigration situations via a dynamic public good game. This dynamic environment, in which a subject’s income at the end of the decision will become an endowment for the next decision, also offers an opportunity to study growth as measured by group income and inequality via the Gini coefficient. Overall, contribution does not converge to zero, nor does it decrease over time, and subjects are very contributive in nature. The best scenario to boost contributions among subjects is when immigrants reduce a subject’s income in the current period, but promise to increase growth in the future. In all treatments, inequality significantly increases over time for the unsuccessful group (below the median group income), while the successful group (above the median group income) mostly has lower inequality with a constant, or slightly increasing, trend. There is a positive relationship between growth and inequality in the treatment where immigrants have no impact on subjects’ income, and also where immigrants reduce subjects’ income without future promise. This positive relationship implies that the group growth can be achieved only with an increase in inequality (or less cooperation between subjects). However, a slightly negative relationship occurs in the scenario where the immigrants reduce subjects’ income in the current period, but promise to increase growth in the future. This negative relationship implies that group growth can be achieved without any inequality (or more cooperation between subjects). The overall findings in this paper provide insights into the contribution behavior and cooperation of subjects, when considering the different economic impacts of immigrants in their society.
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Mirbashiri, Clara, and Linnea Möller. "The Power of Signs : How Recommendation Signs Affect Consumer Behavior at Supermarkets." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172271.
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Background/Problematization: Many purchase decisions are made in-store and one wayof influencing the decision making process is through signs. Signs are said to drawattention to the product on which they are placed and result in increased sales. Sale signsare widely used to influence purchase decisions, but are there other types of signs that canimpact the purchase decision? Recommendations have also shown to affect consumer’spurchase decisions. However, most of the research within the subject have been done on thepower of social influences from friends and family, e.g. strong-tie relationships. Howrecommendations from experts (e.g. weak-tie relationships) can influence purchases is lessresearched, especially which type of recommendation sign have the most effect. Purpose: The purpose is to examine and map how different types of signs on shelvesrelated to staff recommendations for specific products affect their sales. Method: The scientific approach of the study is deductive and the corresponding researchmethod is a quantitative study with an experimental design and a descriptive focus. Anexperiment was executed in a supermarket on 28 products to test stimuli with differentlevels of information concerning staff recommendations with the use of signs. Result/Conclusion: The result showed only one stimuli to have significantly increasedsales. The stimuli consisted of adding a name of a specific staff member to therecommendation sign. The increase in sales might however have been caused by otherfactors than the applied sign as the outbreak of Covid-19 resulted in changed consumerbehavior at the time of the experiment. The results showed that no significant differences insales could be seen according to the number of alternatives each product had. This mighthowever be a result of the tampered data caused by the changed consumer behavior.
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Megersa, Daniel. "Evaluation of sorption behavior of two reactive filter materials using dual column laboratory investigation." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180281.
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Phosphorous and nitrogen are vital elements for the well-being of biological life. Industrial discharges, waste water infiltration systems, conventional waste water collection and treatment systems, agricultural runoffs and landfill leachates had been emitting significant quantity of these nutrients into water bodies. These induced negative consequences to the environment including eutrophication of aquatic water bodies, toxicity to marine life and depletion of phosphate resources. Reactive filter technology is developed based on the need to remove and retain nutrients from waste water while improving the quality of effluents from emission sources. Reactive filter materials are used to build filter bed systems that treats domestic waste water, storm water, landfill leachates and contaminated subsurface water to the desired quality. In the past natural minerals such as zeolites and industrially produced polonite had been subject to laboratory study for the sorption of ammonium, heavy metals and phosphorous. The following paper is based on the results of experiment consisting of two columns packed with mordenite and polonite reactive materials filtering in series to reduce NH4 and PO4 content of a waste water. Septic tank effluent pre filtered using 0.45 μm filter is used as influent waste water into the dual columns. The dual column filtered a total of 24.07l s (372PV) and 23.42 ls (496PV) of the waste water. Sampling of the feed water and filtrates of both columns were done every second day with measurement of pH, conductivity and temperature. Analyzed samples confirmed that the dual column filtration resulted in re-moval efficiency of 84.39 % (PO4), 67.98 % (NH4) and -37.762.8 % (NOx). Filtration in the first (mordenite) column resulted in relatively larger proportion of the influent ammonium ion exchange than sorption of phosphate while the filtration in the second (polonite) column sorbed quite high amount of phosphorous than ammonium from effluent of the first column. Saturation of mordenite occurred faster even though there was sorption potential for few more of influent ammonium. All PO4 removal in mordenite column occurred above breakthrough condition. Polonite packed column was in a condition of a third of it’s saturation potential for PO4 removal at the end of the experiment. pH of samples was the parameter which is correlated significantly with filtration in polonite column than temperature and electrical conductivity. The performance of polonite was higher at higher pH than at lower pH. The mean concentrations of the dual column effluent were 0.77 mg-PO4/l and 11.13 mg-NH4/l. This is acceptable by the standards of environmental laws. The result of the experiment is valuable in prediction of performance and designing of real time filter bed.
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Mackel, John Vincent. "An experiment in demand management, reduction in resource use using a patient-based behavior modification program for chronic hypertensive patients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ29010.pdf.
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Reinaker, Andrew Dennis. "INTERNAL CUSTOMER VALUE CREATION AND COMMUNICATION CHOICES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/465702.
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Business Administration/MarketingPh.D.
Understanding why organizational stakeholders choose to communicate company-relevant information to others in their network is an area of ongoing interest to both academics and practitioners. This dissertation advances internal marketing literature by conceptualizing employees as internal customers and modeling their communication behaviors as value exchanges. Communication choices were hypothesized to be based on the perceived values of available communication options, deriving influence from both employee internal characteristics and situational variations in the decision context. This framework was applied and analyzed within two contexts. The first essay examined the dynamics of internal customers’ propensity to “blow the whistle” on peer misconduct to organization higher-ups. These studies revealed that employees disclosed or withheld firm-damaging information based on the social and functional value characteristics presented in available communication options. The second essay examined the motivating factors behind front-line employees’ decisions to convey brand information to external customers. These studies showed that employees were driven by factors affecting the perceived intrinsic value of engaging in discussions about the brand topic, as well as the perceived extrinsic value of rewards expected as a result of having such customer interactions. Overall, this dissertation suggests that companies may enable the diffusion of company information by creating conditions that increase employees’ perceived value of engaging in brand communications.
Temple University--Theses
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Breshears, Robert Louis. "An Investigation of the Productivity of Information System Helpdesk User Support Professsionals as Impacted by Their Communication Behavior : A Field Experiment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278811/.
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This research conducted an interdisciplinary field experiment to identify relationships between productivity, user satisfaction and IS Helpdesk USP's use of effective communication behavior. An experimental group of Helpdesk USPs of a large retail organization were trained by communication professionals in communication effectiveness, with emphasis on the needs of the telephone environment.
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Holm, Christian Franz. "Spatial habitat use of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in response to changing stream discharge and population density : testing the instream flow model concept in a controlled experiment." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26677.
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Many rivers are affected by man-induced regulations of stream-flow. The effects of these on the instream biota have been studied widely and it is generally accepted that assessment tools for the management of regulated rivers are of vital importance. In particular predictive instream habitat models like the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) have become popular for this purpose with users world-wide. These models predict discharge-related changes in instream habitat availability for target species by modelling the hydraulic geometry of the river reach on the one and the microhabitat preferences of the species on the other side. Despite their popularity, validation studies for this approach have met many difficulties which are mostly related to the biological part of the model, the habitat preference curves. A review of these studies undertaken here reveals that very little information has been published on two main assumptions of the models: 1. The habitat preference of a species is independent of stream discharge 2. The habitat preference of a species is independent of the species population density Most validation studies are undertaken in field situations. As such they frequently have had problems relating to sampling the microhabitat use consistently, a lack of experimental control and variations in other secondary variables. It was thus decided to conduct controlled experiments in a large indoor flume. Young-of-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caught in a nearby stream were stocked into pool-riffle sequences, landscaped within a natural substrate, in observation areas of 3.6 metres length and 1 metre width. Microhabitat use of fish was recorded at three different discharges within a 15-fold discharge variation. It was found that the mean column velocity preference of the juvenile salmon, calculated by the standard method, varied largely, mainly due to a shift of preference for low water velocities. "Weighted usable area" (WUA) calculations, the final output of instream habitat models, varied up to two-fold due to these differences in preference. Habitat preference also varied with population density. Fish preferred the riffle habitat at low population density and the pool habitat during high population density. Fish used higher mean column velocities during low population density. There are hence fundamental problems related to the approach of using density functions as preference indices as is commonly done for building habitat preference curves, because of a bias for habitat availability. A new approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is taken by comparing the microhabitat conditions fish experience at their chosen positions with the conditions fish would have experienced had they maintained the positions used at the other discharges. It was found that fish adjusted their positions towards significantly different microhabitats between low flow positions and the positions at the other two flows. This research demonstrates how microhabitat use and preference of wild-caught juvenile salmon varied with discharge and population density in a large near-natural flume. The error introduced by these variations to instream habitat model predictions was large. It confirms that habitat preference curves built as density functions on empirical fish observation data are bound to misrepresent the overall habitat requirements of a species life stage which in the case of juvenile salmon appeared wide and flexible over the range of discharge.
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Zeng, Qiang. "Poromechanical behavior of cement-based materials subjected to freeze-thaw actions with salts : modeling and experiments." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1131/document.
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Les matériaux cimentaires peuvent se détériorer grandement lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des cycles de gel/dégel avec ou sans sels de déverglaçage. Ceci peut porter atteinte à la durabilité à long terme des bétons/mortiers dans les régions aux hivers froids. Laissant de côté les processus d'endommagement et de rupture mécanique à l'oeuvre dans de tels problèmes, ce mémoire de thèse est consacré aux phénomènes physiques et thermo-mécaniques accompagnant la solidification de l'eau dans des solides poreux cohésifs, avec une attention particulière aux «propriétés matériau» issues de l'hydratation du ciment et de l'évolution de la microstructure. Ce travail reprend la poromécanique des milieux poreux partiellement gelés telle que développée par Olivier Coussy, tout en lui adjoignant une analyse de l'effet de la fin de la surfusion (en volume, hors contribution capillaire) et de la présence de sels dans le liquide saturant l'espace poreux. Nous avons mesuré la température de fin de surfusion en fonction de la concentration en sel. Ceci nous permet ensuite de calculer l'angle de contact entre la glace et les parois des pores dans le cadre classique de la nucléation hétérogène : on trouve que cet angle diminue avec la concentration en sel. Nous montrons que la dilatation instantanée consécutive à la fin de la surfusion dépend de la structure poreuse puisque cette dernière détermine la teneur en glace dans l'espace poreux. À l'aide de la distribution de tailles de pores estimée par porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure, nous estimons le degré de saturation en glace en fonction de la température et de la concentration initiale en sel via la relation de Gibbs-Thomson. Nous avons mesuré la déformation d'échantilllons de pâte de ciment saturées. L'analyse poromécanique montre que la déformation dépend de la concentration initiale en sel et de la structure poreuse des pâtes de ciment. En utilisant la même approche expérimentale sur des pâtes de ciment sèches, nous trouvons que la porosité (avec ou sans vide d'air entraîné) influence significativement le coefficient d'expansion thermique du matériau. En ce qui concerne les pâtes de ciment saturées, les mesures expérimentales et l'approche poromécanique en condition drainée ou non-drainée montrent que le degré de saturation initiale en liquide des vides d'air entraîné a un impact important sur la déformation de l'échantillon avec la températureWhen subject to freezing/thawing cycles with or without deicing salt, cement-based materials can suffer severe damage, which raises the long term sustainability problem of concrete/mortar in cold regions. Leaving aside the precise fracture mechanics and damage processes in this kind of problem, this PhD deals with the physical and thermomechanical phenomena undergone by cohesive porous solids under freezing, with particular attention to the material properties arising from cement hydration and microstructure development. The present work revisits the poromechanics of freezing porous materials developed by Olivier Coussy. This gives the opportunity to add the effect of the bulk supercooling and of salt in the liquid saturating the porous space.We measured the relation between depressed temperature at the end of bulk supercooling and salt concentration. We then obtained that the contact angle between ice and pore wall by heterogeneous nucleation decreases as salt concentration increases. We showed that the instantaneous dilation at the end of bulk supercooling is related to the pore structure because the latter determines the in-pore ice content. Using the pore size distribution measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, we estimated the ice saturation degree with temperature and NaCl solution at different concentration through the Gibbs-Thomson equation. We measured the deformation of saturated cement pastes. The poromechanical analyses show that the strains depend on the initial salt concentration and pore structure of our cement pastes. By the same experimental approach on dried cement pastes, we concluded that the porosity (with or without air voids) has significant influence on the thermal expansion coefficient of our cement pastes. We also performed measurements on the deformation of saturated air entrained cement pastes. The results obtained by both experiments and poromechanical analyses under drained and undrained conditions showed that the initial saturation degree in air-voids has significant influence on the deformation curves with temperature
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Botkins, Elizbeth R. "Three Essays on the Economics of Food and Health Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149208205990797.
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Mangus, Dax L. "Reducing Reliance on Supplemental Winter Feeding in Elk (Cervus canadensis): An Applied Management Experiment at Deseret Land and Livestock Ranch, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/951.
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Wildlife managers have fed elk in North America for nearly 100 years. Giving winter feed to elk can compensate for a shortage of natural winter range and may boost elk populations while also helping prevent commingling with livestock and depredation of winter feed intended for livestock. In contrast to these benefits of supplemental feeding, there are economic and environmental costs associated with feeding, and elk herds that winter on feeding grounds have a higher risk of contracting and transmitting disease. Brucellosis is of primary concern now, and Chronic Wasting Disease may be in the future. Many see the discontinuation of winter-feeding programs as a necessary step for decreasing the risk of disease spread due to high animal densities associated with feeding during winter. My research evaluated the use of behavioral training to reduce reliance on supplemental winter feeding of elk, while minimizing population reductions and human-wildlife conflicts. My study was conducted at Deseret Land & Livestock (DLL) in Rich County, UT, where managers at DLL have over 20 years of data on elk feeding during winters of varying intensities. I tested the effectiveness of range improvements, strategic cattle grazing, dispersed supplemental feeding, hunting, and herding to distribute and hold elk in desired areas during winter. I compared elk numbers on the feed ground during this study with historic data on DLL, and also contrasted elk responses with other comparable feed sites in Wyoming that served as controls. In 2 mild winters we completely eliminated elk feeding without incident and were able to reduce the quantity and duration of feeding during 1 severe winter. Since the conclusion of my study, DLL has further reduced quantity and duration of feeding during severe winters, and has completely eliminated feeding in light winters. Based on a Before After Control Impact (BACI) analysis, the reduction in the proportion of the elk population fed at the study site was significantly less than the proportion of the elk populations fed at the control sites in Wyoming (P = 0.057). Based on these results, I anticipate wildlife managers can decrease dependence on costly supplemental winter feeding and reduce the risks of disease while keeping human-wildlife conflicts at a minimum. This research illustrates an adaptive method that can enable wildlife managers to keep elk populations in northern Utah at or near their current size, while constraining disease outbreak and transmission risks within "acceptable" levels.
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Lu, Chuyuan. "How Cutting the Cost of Using a Bank Affects Household’s Behavior of Remittance Transfers: Evidence From a Field Experiment in Rural Malawi." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1372.
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Using a randomized experiment in rural Malawi, this paper finds that providing information on mobile bank buses’ services leads to a higher probability of adopting savings accounts in the treatment group. Households in the treated villages are 3.06 percentage points more likely to adopt savings accounts than households in the control group. Second, the information treatment leads to an increase of in the probability of households receiving remittances in the treated villages, as well as an increase in the amount of remittances received. In particular, the effect is strongest for households that lived at least three kilometers away from the trade centers, which suggests that the main cost of transferring remittance is the cost of traveling to a bank. Third, the 2SLS regression provides suggestive evidence that adopting savings accounts leads to an increase in households’ remittance activities. The 63.3 percentage points increase in the possibility of households receiving remittances after adopting savings accounts suggests that there previously exist high costs associated with the informal channels of transferring remittances.
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Toumi, Mira. "Etude expérimentale de l’impact des incitations et préférences sociales sur les comportements pro-environnementaux." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0010/document.
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Dans un contexte de préoccupation croissante pour le défi environnemental, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter quelques pistes de réflexion sur les liens entre incitations et les préférences sociales dans un contexte de choix impliquant des conséquences environnementales. Le chapitre 1 constitue une introduction générale au contexte de notre _étude. Le chapitre 2 vise à fournir un aperçu de la recherche expérimentale étudiant le comportement environnemental dans les disciplines de l'_économie et la psychologie expérimentales. Grâce à un inventaire thématique bibliographique des expériences publiées, nous indentions les principaux déterminants du comportement pro-environnemental et nous décrivons l'évolution de ces études au fil du temps. Le chapitre 3 adapte un jeu de bien public (PGG) à la question de la gestion des déchets. Poursuivant le but de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, les décideurs conçoivent différents types d'incitations pour agir sur les comportements individuels. Dans notre expérience, les acteurs doivent coopérer afin de réduire le coût du traitement du tri des déchets, ce dernier modélisé au moyen d'un taux d'imposition variable. Les résultats montrent que le conseil, la sanction et la menace de sanction augmentent considérablement la coopération, avec un effet disciplinant plus fort pour la sanction. Le chapitre 4 considère la nature de l'expression des préférences des individus. Ce chapitre étudie la relation entre les préférences sociales et la contribution attentionnelle dans un environnement pro-social. A cette fin, nous présentons une nouvelle expérience où les sujets investissent une réelle attention pour exprimer leurs préférences, puis nous comparons une incitation du type égoïste à une autre pro-sociale. Les résultats montrent que les deux incitations augmentent l'attention accordée. De plus, contrairement aux enseignements de la théorie économique standard, nous trouvons que les préférences sociales des sujets n'expliquent pas la contribution attentionnelle dans un environnement pro-socialIn the context of growing concern for the environmental challenge, the objective of this thesis is to bring some insights on possible links between incentives, social preferences and the environmental context. Chapter 1 is a general introduction. Chapter 2 provides a survey of the experimental research disciplines studying Pro-Environmental Behavior both in the discipline of Economics and Psychology. Thanks to a thematic inventory of the published experiments, we identify the main determinants of Pro-Environmental Behaviors investigated in economics and psychology. Moreover, we provide a statistical description of studies evolution in time. Chapter 3 adapts a public good game to waste management issue. In the context of greenhouse gases emissions reduction, policy makers design different types of incentives to act on individual behaviors. In the experiment, the players have to cooperate in order to reduce the cost of waste sorting treatment. We compare the impact of a sanctioning tax with the impact of a nudge in the form of a third party advice. Results show that advice, sanction and the threat of sanction significantly increase cooperation, with a stronger disciplinary effect for the applied sanction. Chapter 4 considers the nature of individuals' preferences expression, namely a monetary salient effort and an attentional effort. In this chapter we investigate the relation between social preferences and attentional contribution in a pro-social environment. For this purpose, we present a new experiment where subjects have to invest real attention, then we compare a selfish and prosocial incentives. The results show that both incentives increase allocated attention. Moreover, in contradiction with economic theory, we find that subjects' social preferences failed to explain attentional contribution in pro-social environments
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Bienenfeld, Jason Michael. "Consumer Willingness to Pay for Organic, Environmental and Country of Origin Attributes of Food Products." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396017355.
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Isabella, Giuliana. "The influence of emotional contagion on products evaluation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8195.
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Emotional Contagion is the mechanism that includes mimicking and the automatic synchronization of facial expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements with another person and, consequently, convergence of emotions between the sender and receiver. Researches of this mechanism conducted usually in the fields of Psychology and Marketing tends to investigate face-to-face interactions. However, the question remains to what extent, if any, emotional contagion may occur with facial expressions in photos, since many purchase situations are brought on by catalogues or websites. This thesis has the goal to verify this gap and, in addition, verify whether emotional contagion is more common in females than in males as stated in previous studies. Emotions have been studied because it is intuitively apparent that emotions affect the dynamics of the interaction between a salesperson and customers (Verbeke, 1997); in other words, emotions may significantly affect consumer behavior. Therefore, this thesis also verified whether the facial expressions that transmit emotions could be associated to product evaluations. To investigate these questions, an experiment was done with 171 participants, which were exposed to either smiling (positive emotion) or neutral advertising. The differences between the individual advertisements were limited to the facial expressions of figures in the advertisements (either smiling or neutral/without smiling). One specialist and two students analyzed videotaped records of the participants’ responses, and found that participants who saw the positive stimulus mimicked the picture (smiling back) confirming the Emotional Contagion in Photos (the first hypothesis). The second hypothesis was to analyze if there is difference based in gender. The results demonstrated that there is not a significant difference between genders; female and male equally suffer Emotional Contagion. The third hypothesis was related to whether the positive emotions vs. neutral emotions acquired from the positive facial expression in the photo are associated to a positive evaluation of the product also displayed in the photo. Evidences show that the ad with a positive expression could change more positively the attitude, the sympathy, the reliability, and the intention of purpose of the participant compared to those who were exposed to the neutral condition. Therefore, the analysis concludes that the facial expressions displayed in photos produce emotional contagion and may interfere on the evaluation product. A discussion of the theoretical and practical implications and limitations for these findings are presented.
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Dang, Wengang. "Shear behavior of plane joints under CNL and DNL conditions: Lab testing and numerical simulation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-227649.
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The aim of this research work is to deepen the understanding of joint shear behavior under different boundary conditions. For this purpose, joint closure tests under quasi-static and dynamic conditions, direct shear and cyclic shear tests under CNL and DNL boundary conditions of plane joints are performed using GS-1000 big shear box device. The dissertation also presents the procedure to simulate the shear box device and simulating the behavior of plane joints at the micro-scale using FLAC3D. Special attention has been given to understand the influencing factors of the normal stress level, direct shear rate, horizontal cyclic shear frequency, normal impact frequency, horizontal cyclic shear displacement amplitude and vertical impact force amplitude.
Lab test and numerical simulation results show that the quasi-static joint stiffness increases with increasing normal force. Dynamic joint stiffness decreases with increasing superimposed normal force amplitudes. Normal impact frequencies have little influence on the joint stiffness. Rotations and stress changes at the plane joint during shearing are proven. Rotations and development of stress gradients can be decreased significantly by increasing the size of the bottom specimen and applying a shear velocity at the upper shear box and normal loading piston. Furthermore, peak shear force increases with increasing normal force. Friction angle of cyclic shear tests is smaller than that of direct shear tests. Moreover, significant time shifts between normal and shear force (shear force delay), normal force and friction coefficient (friction coefficient delay) during direct shear tests under DNL boundary conditions are observed and the reference quantity ‘shear-velocity-normal-impact-frequency’ (SV-NIF) to describe the behavior under DNL boundary conditions is defined. Peak shear force and minimum friction coefficient increase with increasing SV-NIF. Relative time shift between normal force and shear force decreases with increase of SV-NIF. The mechanical behavior of the GS-1000 big shear box device is simulated and the loss of normal force caused by the tilting of the loading plate is quantified.
Finally, the novel direct and cyclic shear strength criterions under DNL conditions are put forward. The shear strength criterions are in close agreement with the measured values, which indicates that the novel shear strength criterions are able to predict the shear strength under DNL conditions.
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Olsen, Erik Charles Buck. "Modeling Slow Lead Vehicle Lane Changing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29889.
Full textAbstract:
Driving field experiment data were used to investigate lane changes in which a slow lead vehicle was present to:
1) characterize lane changes,
2) develop predictive models,
3) provide collision avoidance system (CAS) design guidelines.
A total of 3,227 slow lead vehicle lane changes over 23,949 miles were completed by sixteen commuters. Two instrumented vehicles, a sedan and an SUV, were outfitted with video, sensor, and radar data systems that collected data in an unobtrusive manner.
Results indicate that 37.2% of lane changes are slow lead vehicle lane changes, with a mean completion time of 6.3 s; most slow lead vehicle lane changes are leftward, rated low in urgency and severity. A stratified sample of 120 lane changes was selected to include a range of maneuvers. On the interstate, lane changes are performed less often, t(30) = 2.83, p = 0.008, with lower urgency ratings, F(1, 31) = 5.24, p = 0.05, as compared to highway lane changes, as interstates are designed for smooth flow. Drivers who usually drive sedans are more likely to make lane changes than drivers of SUVs, X ²⁺(1)= 99.6247, p < 0.0001, suggesting that driving style is maintained regardless of which experimental vehicle is driven.
Turn signals are used 64% of the time but some drivers signal after the lane change starts. Of cases in which signals are not used, 70% of them are made with other vehicles nearby. Eyeglance analysis revealed that the forward view, rearview mirror, and left mirror are the most likely glance locations. There are also distinct eyeglance patterns for lane changing and baseline driving.
Recommendations are to use forward view or mirror-based visual displays to indicate presence detection, and auditory displays for imminent warnings.
The "vehicle + signal" logistic regression model is best overall since it takes advantage of the distance to the front and rear adjacent vehicle, forward time-to-collision (TTC), and turn signal activation. The use of additional regressors would also improve the model. Five design guidelines are included to aid in the development of CAS that are useable, safe, and integrated with other systems, given testing and development.Ph. D.
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Mantovani, Marco. "Essays in forward looking behavior in strategic interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209492.
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The general topic of our thesis is forward looking behavior in strategic situations. Mixing theoretical and experimental analysis, we document how strategic thinking is affected by the specific features of a dynamic interaction. The overarching result is that the information regarding decisions that are close to the current one, receive a qualitatively different consideration, with respect to distant ones. That is, the actual decisions are based on reasoning over a limited number of steps, close to actual decison node. We capture this feature of behavior both in a strategic (limited backward induction) and in a non-strategic (limited farsightedness) set up, and we identify relevant consequences on the outcome of the interaction, which powerfullly explain many observed experimental regularities.In the first essay, we present a general out-of-equilibrium framework for strategic thinking in sequential games. It assumes the agents to take decisions on restricted game trees, according to their (limited) foresight level, following backward induction. Therefore we talk of limited backward induction (LBI). We test for LBI using a variant of the race game. Our design allows to identify restricted game trees and backward reasoning, thus properly disentangling LBI behavior. The results provide strong support in favor of LBI. Most players solve intermediate tasks - i.e. restricted games - without reasoning on the terminal histories. Only a small fraction of subjects play close to equilibrium, and (slow) convergence toward it appears, though only in the base game. An intermediate task keeps the subjects off the equilibrium path longer than in the base game. The results cannot be rationalized using the most popular models of strategic reasoning, let alone equilibrium analysis.
In the second essay, a subtle implication of the model is investigated: the sensitivity of the players’ foresight to the accessibility and completeness of the information they have, using a Centipede game. By manipulating the way in which information is provided to subjects, we show that reduced availability of information is sufficient to shift the distribution of take-nodes further from the equilibrium prediction. On the other hand, similar results are obtained in a treatment where reduced availability of information is combined with an attempt to elicit preferences for reciprocity, through the presentation of the centipede as a repeated trust game. Our results could be interpreted as cognitive limitations being more effective than preferences in determining (shifts in) behavior in our experimental centipede. Furthermore our results are at odds with the recent ones in Cox [2012], suggesting caution in generalizing their results. Reducing the availability of information may hamper backward induction or induce myopic behavior, depending on the strategic environment.
The third essay consists of an experimental investigation of farsighted versus myopic behavior in network formation. Pairwise stability Jackson and Wolinsky [1996] is the standard stability concept in network formation. It assumes myopic behavior of the agents in the sense that they do not forecast how others might react to their actions. Assuming that agents are perfectly farsighted, related stability concepts have been proposed. We design a simple network formation experiment to test these extreme theories, but find evidence against both of them: the subjects are consistent with an intermediate rule of behavior, which we interpret as a form of limited farsightedness. On aggregate, the selection among multiple pairwise stable networks (and the performance of farsighted stability) crucially depends on the level of farsightedness needed to sustain them, and not on efficiency or cooperative considerations. Individual behavior analysis corroborates this interpretation, and suggests, in general, a low level of farsightedness (around two steps) on the part of the agents.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Adkins, Jason Michael. "Politics from the Pulpit: A Critical Test of Elite Cues in American Politics." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531927892623716.
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Jhunjhunwala, Tanushree Jhunjhunwala. "Essays in Behavioral and Experimental Economics." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152388532104035.
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Botting, Jennifer Lynette. "An investigation of biases in social learning and social attention in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus) and captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12260.
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Researchers in the field of social learning have suggested that certain biases may exist in whom animals learn from, creating a non-random flow of social information. A number of potential biases have been proposed based upon theoretical models, including biases to copy more dominant individuals or individuals who receive the best payoff from their behaviour, but empirical evidence for these biases is lacking. This thesis presents the first examination of dominance-based bias in a wild population of primates and of a payoff-based bias in captive capuchins. In two field experiments, dominant and low-ranking females from each of three wild groups of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were trained to demonstrate contrasting behaviours to their group before observers were provided with a choice between the two modelled preferences. No evidence was found for a consistent bias to copy the behaviour of the dominant female in either experiment. Instead, in both experiments, a preference for one behaviour emerged, regardless of model rank. In the latter experiment, higher-ranking females were significantly more likely to match the dominant model's action than were low-ranking females. The low-ranking models were more likely than their high-ranking counterparts to switch behaviours, despite their trained behaviour continuing to be productive. An analyses of the observations revealed that observers were biased towards attending to kin, and observer age appeared to influence access to the dominant models, but no overall preference to attend to the dominant female was found. Together these findings indicate that kinship, sex, age and preferences for specific behaviours are more important factors than model rank in vervet monkey social learning. Finally, I examined whether captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella) utilized a payoff-based social learning bias in their foraging decisions. Subjects did not utilize public information when choosing between demonstrated resource-rich and resource-poor sites, suggesting that the social learning abilities of capuchins may not extend to determining the profitability of feeding sites, although limitations of the study are discussed.
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Gotthard, Real Alexander. "Essays in Behavioral Economics." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429818327.
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Almeida, Tatiane Nunes Viana de. "Intenção de compra de um produto eletrônico e comentários online: um experimento na Internet." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18896.
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Em um ambiente extremamente competitivo, muitas empresas lançam novos produtos de forma sistemática com o intuito de obter um diferencial perante seus concorrentes. Todavia, o excesso de opções no mercado pode confundir e sobrecarregar o consumidor que deseja adquirir um novo produto. Neste contexto, a comunicação boca a boca online surge como uma forma de superar a assimetria de informação ao descrever os atributos do produto em termos de situações de uso, mensurando sua qualidade sob o ponto de vista do usuário, diminuindo o risco do consumidor. Assim, esta tese tem como objetivo geral analisar empiricamente um modelo téorico, baseado na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, que relacione a atitude em relação à marca, a confiança na marca, o controle comportamental percebido, a norma subjetiva e intenção de compra de um produto eletrônico, em contextos em que os consumidores se deparam com comentários online positivos e negativos. A influência deste tipo de comunicação boca a boca na intenção de compra, em contextos de baixo e alto envolvimento, também foi verificada. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o experimental, sendo o delineamento estudo de grupo de controle pré-teste/pós-teste, com esquema fatorial 2 x 3. A amostra final válida foi de 690 alunos de IES de Salvador/BA. A abordagem de pesquisa foi quantitativa e foram utilizados métodos da estatística descritiva, análise fatorial, teste t e modelagem de equações struturais para a análise dos dados. Os resultaram comprovaram que os comentários online influenciam a intenção de compra, sendo que o maior efeito foi verificado em relação as informações positivas. Os indivíduos com baixo envolvimento foram mais influenciados pelos comentáriosonline positivos, enquanto que os com alto envolvimento foram mais impactados pelos comentários online negativos. Em relação ao modelo teórico, foi incluído um construto de segunda ordem, denominado fatores motivacionais da intenção de compra, responsável pela maior variação na intenção de compra em todos os modelos analisados. Os fatores de ordem pessoal – confiança na marca e atitude em relação à marca – foram os que apresentaram maior impacto na formação do construto de segunda ordem e também os que, de forma indireta, explicaram a maior variação na intenção de compra em todos os modelos analisados. De uma forma geral, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de as empresas investirem em marcas fortes e confiáveis, dedicando maior atenção às estratégias de comunicação e à manutenção de relacionamentos de longo prazo com seus clientes. Não obstante, ressalta-se que os comentários online não devem ser negligenciados. In an extremely competitive environment, many companies launch new products in a systematic way in order to get a differential to its competitors. However, the excess of options in the market can confuse and overwhelm consumers who wish to purchase a new product. In this context,electronic word-of-mouth appears as a way to overcome information asymmetry in describing the attributes of the product in terms of situations, measuring its quality from the user's point of view, reducing the consumer's risk. Thus, this thesis has the general objective to empirically analyze a theoretical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, which relates the attitude toward the brand, trust in the brand, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm and purchase intent of an electronics products, in contexts where consumers are faced with positive and negative online consumers reviews. The influence of this type of word-of-mouth communication in purchase intent, contexts of below and high involvement, was also checked. The research method adopted was the experimental, and the study design pretest control group before-test/post-test with factorial 2 x 3. The valid final sample was of 690 students from Universities at Salvador/BA. The research approach was quantitative and were used methods of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test and structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The result proved that the online consumers reviews influence purchase intent, with the greatest effect it was checked against the positive information. Individuals with low involvement were more influenced by the positive online consumers reviews, while with high involvement were most impacted by the negative online consumers reviews. Regarding the theoretical model, it was included a second-order construct, called motivational factors of intent to purchase, accounted for most variation in purchase intent in all the analyzed models. The factors of personal order - trust in the brand and attitude toward the brand - presented the main contribution to the second-order construct and also those who, indirectly, explained most variation in purchase intent for all models analyzed. In general, the results point to the need for companies to invest in strong and trusted brands, devoting more attention to communication strategies and maintaining long-term relationships with their customers. However, the online consumers reviews should not be overlooked.
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HSIAO, YU-SHAN, and 蕭佑珊. "The Experiment Behavior, Engagement, and Concept Comprehension of Grade 7 Students’ Virtual Experiments of Radiation Pollution." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a7k362.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
數位學習與教育研究所
105
The main purpose of this study is to understand how learners promote their science concept through experiments to observe learners' experimental behavior and analyze it. 23 seventh grade students when they conducted inquiry using virtual experiments of radiation pollution. Data collected include students using virtual experiment behavior, pre-tests, post-tests that measured knowledge and explanation ability, and the emotional and cognitive engagement survey to identify significant variables that can explain the learning outcomes of students' understanding of the effects of radiation on ecology. The results of this study as follows：(1) There is a significant improvement in the learning outcomes of students' understanding of the effects of radiation on ecology, and the significant variables are "the pre-tests score", "the number of changes in radiation dose", "the number of observed macroscopic changes" and "the number of experiments with control variables". (2) According to past literature, students conducted the experiment with controlled variables is a very important experimental behavior, so "the number of experiments with control variables" as the dependent variable, the other experimental behavior as the explain variables to identify significant variables that can explain the experimental behavior, "the number of experiments with control variables". The results show that the significant variables are "observation of all environmental objects", "the number of changes in radiation dose" and "the number of observed macroscopic changes". (3) Students had postive emotional and cognitive engagement during the virtual experiment activity, but emotional and cognitive engagement are not the significant explained variables of students' understanding of the effects of radiation on ecology.
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Chang, Leh-Chiun, and 張樂均. "Experiment on seismic behavior of RC frame with slitted walls." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sct9n5.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
107
The literature shows that RC filled walls are effective for improving the strength of earthquake resistance. However, the RC filled walls has problems such as increased structure stiffness, shortened structure period, and poor deformation capability. The wall simulation work during the design is complicated, which makes the engineers ignore the RC filled walls of the unstructured walls. The four-phase study before the study completed the experiment of the interaction between the wallboard and the boundary column between 12 RC pure frames and wall frame structures. There are two important findings: 1. Whether the wall frame can maintain the toughness and flexural behavior after the ultimate strength is related to the shear strength of the column and the wall.When the shear strength of the boundary column is higher than that of the wall, the behavior of the bending frame can be preserved. The crack develops along the interface between the wall panel and the column beam likeㄇ. The degree of the behavior of the bending frame is also positively correlated with the ratio of the shear strength of the column and wall. When the shear strength of the boundary column is smaller than that of the wall, there is no behavior of the bending frame, and the crack develops diagonally, and the wall and the column are destroyed at the same time. For the type of behavior that retains the bending frame. 2. For the type of behavior of retaining the bending structure, if the vertical crack test body on both sides of the wall appears first, the horizontally cracked structure firstly has a more complete anti-bending structure behavior, that is, the seismic behavior is better when the vertical crack occurs first. Therefore, this study carried out three RC wall frame specimens with different column depth and wall thickness ratios. The thickness of the wall at the interface of the column wall was measured by the slotting method to reduce the thickness of the section to control the crack development order, and the wall of the forced column wall interface. The vertical cracks are prioritized to develop a more complete bending and tough frame behavior, improve and maintain the integrity of the toughness and bending structure, and then optimize the seismic behavior of the wall-framed structure.