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1
Government R&D Funding and Company Behaviour: Measuring Behavioural Additionality. Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2006.
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Radley, Keith C., and Evan H. Dart, eds. Handbook of Behavioral Interventions in Schools. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190843229.001.0001.
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Teachers face a number of challenges when educating students. While tasked with providing effective instruction, teachers are also required to manage student behavior. Prevalence of student problem behavior is a strong indicator of failing schools, with problem behavior being correlated with reduced academic achievement, truancy, bullying, and loss of teacher time. Given the increased focus on school and teacher accountability, there also has been an increased demand for intervention programs that may effectively reduce levels of problem behavior in school settings. Though many practices have been found to be effective in modifying behavioral trajectories, researchers have often found that evidence-based practices are underutilized in applied settings. Given that many empirically supported interventions have failed to be widely adopted, this book provides school-based personnel (in training and practice) with a thorough description of the application of behavioral interventions in schools. Interventions are described in terms of a tiered model of service delivery. For intervention strategies described, case examples are provided to illustrate application of the described strategies. Additionally, book chapters have been developed to align with the Behavior Analysis Certification Board Task List (5th ed.). The book walks trainees and practitioners through the entire process of assessment of problem behaviors to intervention and progress monitoring.
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Akinsanya, Adefolake. Behavioral and Social Sciences. Edited by Isis Burgos-Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265557.003.0002.
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In this chapter topics on psychology including experimental and behavioral psychology, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology and social psychology will be reviewed. Additionally, essential topics in sociology including anthropology, culture, ethnicity and race will be reviewed. Other topics that will be reviewed in this chapter include ethology, psychoanalytic theory and spirituality
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Baker, H. Kent, Greg Filbeck, and Victor Ricciardi, eds. Financial Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.001.0001.
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This book provides a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on the financial behavior of major stakeholders, financial services, investment products, and financial markets. It offers a different way of looking at financial and emotional well-being and the processing of beliefs, emotions, and behaviors related to money than provided by traditional academic finance. The book provides important insights into how cognitive and emotional biases influence various financial decision makers, services, products, and markets. Because noted scholars and practitioners write on their areas of expertise, readers can gain an in-depth understanding of multiple topic from experts around the world. In today’s financial setting, the discipline of behavioral finance continues to evolve at a rapid pace. This book familiarizes readers with not only the core topics and issues but also the latest trends, cutting-edge research developments, and real-world situations. Additionally, discussion of cognitive and emotional issues is supported with research in the field. Overall, the book covers a critical topic, from the theoretical to the practical, while offering a useful balance of detailed and user-friendly discussions. Those interested in a broad survey will benefit, as will those seeking in-depth coverage of biases and other aspect of behavioral finance. As the seventh book in the Financial Markets and Investment Series, Financial Behavior: Players, Services, Products, and Markets offers a fresh look at this fascinating area of behavioral finance.
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Bickel, Warren, E. Terry Mueller, James MacKillop, and Richard Yi. Behavioral-Economic and Neuroeconomic Perspectives on Addiction. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.015.
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Behavioral economics construes addiction as a pattern of pathological decisions favoring consumption of drugs versus healthy reinforcers. This chapter introduces basic behavioral-economic concepts and reviews results from operant laboratory studies, purchase task studies, and clinical studies that validate the concepts’ utility in addiction research. Research and theory about the economic significance of the delay to receipt of a chosen commodity (delay discounting) is reviewed. Additionally, research bearing on the validity of the competing neurobehavioral decision systems hypothesis, a neuroeconomic theory, is considered by drawing on a diversity of data including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fRMI) and genetic studies. This new theory proposes that addiction is due to hyperactive impulsive and hypoactive executive systems in the brain. Future directions for research and treatment are reviewed.
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Lockwood, Dana, Houri Parsi, Wendy Packman, and Bruce Bongar. Legal and Ethical Risk Management with Behavioral Emergencies. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.39.
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Working with patients presenting with serious harm to themselves or others is an experience many mental health professionals will have during their careers. The possibility of working with this population might cause some apprehension for treatment providers because of the patient and professional risks involved. In this chapter we review the applicable legal theories of professional negligence and focus on the potential legal and professional ramifications that occur when mental health professionals do not rise to the applicable standard of care when working with suicidal or aggressive patients. Additionally, this chapter provides an outline of the legally imposed duties that treatment providers have to their patients so as to promote effective and ethical treatment of those presenting with the possibility of serious harm to themselves and others.
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Bearss, Karen, Cynthia R. Johnson, Benjamin L. Handen, Eric Butter, Luc Lecavalier, Tristram Smith, and Lawrence Scahill. Parent Training for Disruptive Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190627812.001.0001.
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The RUBI Autism Network has developed and tested a structured parent training manual for children with autism spectrum disorder and disruptive behaviors. The manual is based on principles of applied behavior analysis and is designed for therapists to use with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring challenging behaviors, such as tantrums, noncompliance, difficulties with transitions, and aggression. A trained therapist utilizes the manual to guide the parent in applying techniques and tools to help manage the child’s challenging behaviors. The treatment includes 11 Core sessions, 7 Supplemental sessions, a home visit, and follow-up telephone booster sessions. Each of the sessions contains a therapist script, activity sheets, a parent handout, and treatment fidelity checklists. Additionally, accompanying each core session are video vignettes that the therapist uses to demonstrate concepts taught in the session. The videos include 30- to 60-second vignettes demonstrating common parenting mistakes as well as implementation (to varying degrees of success) of the strategies being taught. The treatment manual is designed to be delivered individually to parents in weekly outpatient visits. Parents are given homework assignments between sessions that focus on applying techniques to specific behaviors.
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Bearss, Karen, Cynthia R. Johnson, Benjamin L. Handen, Eric Butter, Luc Lecavalier, Tristram Smith, and Lawrence Scahill. Parent Training for Disruptive Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190627843.001.0001.
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The RUBI Autism Network has developed and tested a structured parent training manual for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disruptive behaviors. The manual is based on principles of applied behavior analysis and is designed for therapists to use with parents of children with ASD and co-occurring challenging behaviors, such as tantrums, noncompliance, difficulties with transitions, and aggression. A trained therapist utilizes the manual and parent workbook to guide the parent in applying techniques and tools to help manage the child’s challenging behaviors. The treatment includes 11 Core sessions, 7 Supplemental sessions, a home visit, and follow-up telephone booster sessions. Each of the sessions contains a therapist script, activity sheets, a parent handout, and treatment fidelity checklists. Additionally, accompanying each core session are video vignettes that the therapist uses to demonstrate concepts taught in the session. The videos include 30- to 60-second vignettes demonstrating common parenting mistakes as well as implementation (to varying degrees of success) of the strategies being taught. The treatment is designed to be delivered individually to parents in weekly outpatient visits. Parents are given homework assignments between sessions that focus on applying techniques to specific behaviors.
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McNeil, Daniel W., Sarah H. Addicks, and Cameron L. Randall. Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Interactions for Health Behavior Change and Maintenance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.013.21.
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Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered and collaborative approach to clinical care (Miller & Rollnick, 2013). This narrative review describes MI and then concentrates on evidence for its use with patients to help enhance health behaviors in a variety of settings. Because of the proliferation of research in the area, this overview necessarily is selective. This review focuses on some of the most common chronic health behavior problems, such as those associated with obesity, oral hygiene behavior, and chronic disease management. Additionally, motivational interactions (MIACTs), which are spoken and nonverbal communications from health professionals with patients, are proposed as very brief communications that are based on MI spirit and other MI principles. These MIACTs may promote positive interactions between patients and providers, enhance patient satisfaction with healthcare, and help to establish rapport, even when the time available for healthcare interactions does not allow a true implementation of MI.
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Coyne, Sarah M., and Jamie M. Ostrov. The Development of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview to The Development of Relational Aggression. It focusses on one type of nonphysical aggression—namely, relational aggression. Relational aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to harm another’s relationships or feelings of inclusion in a group. Unlike physical aggression, the scars of relational aggression are more difficult to see. However, victims (and aggressors) may experience strong and long-lasting consequences, including reduced self-esteem, loneliness, substance use, eating pathology, depression, and anxiety. The field of relational, indirect, and social aggression is introduced in this chapter and the need for research on these topics is delineated. Each chapter in the volume is briefly described and the major points summarized. Additionally, this chapter synthesizes the book as a whole and describes the need to examine these behaviors in a developmental context.
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Coyne, Sarah M., and Jamie M. Ostrov, eds. The Development of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.001.0001.
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The Development of Relational Aggression provides a rich and detailed literature review on developmental processes associated with the perpetration of relational aggression (and related terms of indirect aggression and social aggression) across childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood (with a brief mention of relational aggression in adulthood). Relational aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to harm another’s relationships or feelings of inclusion in a group. Unlike physical aggression, the scars of relational aggression are more difficult to see. However, victims (and aggressors) may experience strong and long-lasting consequences, including reduced self-esteem, loneliness, substance use, eating pathology, depression, and anxiety. This volume begins by providing an overview of the field, including a discussion of definitions, developmental trajectories, methodology, and theoretical approaches. Additionally, the volume examines the biobehavioral and evolutionary processes associated with this type of behavior. The book also examines a number of risk factors and socializing agents and contexts (e.g., family, peers, media, school, culture) that lead to the development of relational aggression over time. An understanding of how these behaviors develop will help inform intervention strategies to curb the use of relational aggression in schools, peer groups, and family relationships, which are addressed in an extended chapter.
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Harris, James C. Intellectual Disability. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195178852.001.0001.
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It is estimated that 7.2 million people in the United States have mental retardation or associated impairments - a spectrum now referred to as "intellectual disability." This book provides professionals with the latest and most reliable information on these disabilities. It utilizes a developmental perspective and reviews the various types of intellectual disabilities, discusses approaches to classification, diagnosis, and appropriate interventions, and provides information on resources that may offer additional help. Case examples are included in each section to highlight specific diagnostic and treatment issues. The emphasis in this book is on the development of the person, the provision of interventions for behavioral and emotional problems associated with intellectual disability, and the positive support necessary for self-determination. It discusses the facilitation of transitions throughout the lifespan from infancy to maturity and old age. Additionally, the book reviews evaluations for behavioral and emotional problems, genetic factors, appropriate psychosocial, medical, and pharmacological interventions, and family and community support.
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Stoddard Jr, Frederick J., David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. History and Evolution of the Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides the historical context leading to our present conceptualization of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. As an introduction to the rest of the book, it describes examples of the range of traumatic experience through history and depicted in literature and art. This chapter reviews the manner in which the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects of traumatic experience have been subsequently classified in global medical nosology. Additionally, it provides an overview of changes in the classification of trauma- and stressor-related disorders in the three major diagnostic systems used in the United States, with a particular focus on the increasing recognition of these disorders’ dimensionality.
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Cohen, Alex S., Dallas A. Callaway, and Tracey L. Auster. Schizophrenia. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.011.
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Depressive symptoms commonly occur in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Empirical investigation of this comorbidity has revealed a number of interesting and potentially confusing findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize this literature, focusing on clinical, cognitive, behavioral, phenomenological, and neurobiological processes that are common and potentially disparate to these disorders. Additionally, the review will discuss four depression-related paradoxes that have emerged within the schizophrenia literature. It concludes with a brief summary of treatment considerations for patients with schizophrenia with co-morbid depressive symptoms. It is hoped that this chapter can serve as an organizing framework for future research and can help focus efforts on designing new treatments for ameliorating depression-related symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Phillips, Katharine A., Rachel A. Simmons, and Joseph Donahue. Three Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder : Cases and Commentary. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0002.
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This chapter provides three representative case descriptions of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). These cases convey BDD’s core, universal features: appearance preoccupations, resulting repetitive behaviors (rituals, compulsions), and resulting distress or impairment in functioning. The cases also convey the broader range of symptoms that patients experience and the different ways in which BDD can manifest in patients’ lives. We additionally illustrate two variants of BDD: muscle dysmorphia and BDD by proxy. We follow each case with a commentary in which we discuss some key aspects of each patient’s presentation.
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Kim, Johnny S., Michael S. Kelly, and Cynthia Franklin. SFBT and Evidence-Based Practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190607258.003.0003.
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This chapter offers an up-to-date survey of the best available evidence for SFBT. There is a lot of good news here for SFBT practitioners and researchers alike. First of all, as this chapter amply demonstrates, SFBT has been increasingly shown to be an effective treatment for a range of mental health and behavioral problems and is now listed as an evidence-based practice by federal agencies like Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA). Additionally, the research base for SFBT as an evidence-based practice in school settings is also growing, indicating that SFBT is a workable and empirically-supported alternative to other approaches that are more driven by deficit thinking and labeling of students. This chapter outlines the “state of the science” for this exciting approach.
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Jackman, Simon. Measurement. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0006.
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This article shows that the words ‘behavioural’ and ‘behaviour’ turn out to be better measures as judged by tests of criterion and convergent validity. It specifically discusses measurement problems. Further, it pertains to statistical models that link latent variables and their observed indicators as measurement models. The success of measurement — the quality of the inferences provided by a measurement model — is usually assessed with reference to two key concepts: validity and reliability. The distinct uses of measures of latent variables are reported. The article then deals with the costs of ignoring measurement error. Additionally, a quick introduction to factor analysis, item-response models, and a very general class of latent variable models are briefly given. Moreover, it describes the inference for discrete latent variables and the measurement in a dynamic setting.
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Allen, Timothy A., and Colin G. DeYoung. Personality Neuroscience and the Five Factor Model. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.26.
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Personality psychology seeks both to understand how individuals differ from one another in behavior, motivation, emotion, and cognition and to explain the causes of those differences. The goal of personality neuroscience is to identify the underlying sources of personality traits in neurobiological systems. This chapter reviews neuroscience research on the traits of the Five Factor Model (the Big Five: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness/Intellect, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness). The review emphasizes the importance of theoretically informed neuroscience by framing results in light of a theory of the psychological functions underlying each of the Big Five. The chapter additionally reviews the various neuroscientific methods available for personality research and highlights pitfalls and best practices in personality neuroscience.
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Balzafiore, Danielle, Thalia Robakis, Sarah Borish, Vena Budhan, and Natalie Rasgon. The treatment of bipolar disorder in women. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0020.
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Sex-specific effects in the clinical presentation and course of bipolar disorder in women have important treatment implications for the management of symptoms across the menstrual cycle and reproductive lifespan. Women with bipolar disorder are particularly vulnerable to premenstrual mood symptoms, menstrual abnormalities, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Special considerations include understanding the interactions between these reproductive issues, oral contraceptives, and mood-stabilizing agents. Additionally, the management of bipolar disorder during the perinatal period requires a careful approach to psychotropic medication to optimize the maintenance of mood stability while minimizing the potential for adverse risk of fetal and neonatal outcomes. Non-pharmaceutical approaches, including electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, selected psychotherapies, and social and behavioural interventions may represent efficacious treatment options to reduce medication burden. Lastly, women with bipolar disorder may be at particular risk for worsening of affective symptoms during the menopausal transition, and strategies to reduce sleep disruption are imperative.
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Fleischman, Alan R. Ethical Issues in Giving Birth to a Baby. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199354474.003.0003.
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This chapter defines term and preterm delivery and explores the ethical concerns in delivery at the threshold viability. It examines the medical and ethical issues associated with elective delivery prior to 39 weeks gestation, do-not-resuscitate orders in the delivery room, and maternal illness and illicit behavior that jeopardize the fetus before birth. The beneficence-based moral obligations of practitioners working in the fields of obstetrics, neonatology and pediatrics are discussed, as well as the beneficence-based moral obligations of pregnant women. Additionally the knotty ethical problems of DNR decisions in the delivery room and the equally difficult decision-making that needs to take place in the event that the mother is declared brain dead are both covered in the chapter.
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Hairston, Patrece, and Ingrid A. Binswanger. Programming. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0044.
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The nexus of substance use disorders and criminal justice involvement is considerable. This is particularly the case in the United States, where 48% of individuals in federal prisons were incarcerated for drug-related convictions in 2011. In the last year for which national data are available, approximately half of the individuals incarcerated in state and federal prisons met criteria for drug abuse or dependence. Tobacco and alcohol use are also more common in correctional populations than in the general, non-institutionalized population. Thus, criminal justice populations have a significant need for evidence-based treatment of addiction and interventions to reduce the medical complications of drug use. While many programs to address substance use disorder among correctional populations exist, many individuals fail to receive adequate care and continue to experience complications of substance use disorders. Thus, correctional clinicians and staff, researchers, and patients will need to continue to advocate for improved and enhanced dissemination of integrated, evidence-based behavioral and pharmacological treatment for substance use disorder across the continuum of criminal justice involvement. This chapter describes the evolution of addiction programming within correctional settings from the late 1700s to contemporary practices. Beginning with a discussion of mutual aid societies as one of the earliest providers of ‘treatment,’ this chapter outlines important aspects of early treatment. Additionally, current levels of care and specialized modalities for individuals involved in the criminal justice system are presented, such as cognitive-behavioral interventions, drug courts, therapeutic communities, pharmacologically supported therapy, and harm reduction approaches.
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Deery, Oisín. Naturally Free Action. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789796.001.0001.
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Do we have free will? This book argues that the answer to that question is “yes,” by showing how the concept of free will refers to many actual behaviors, and how free actions are a natural kind. Additionally, the book addresses the role of phenomenology in fixing the reference of the concept, and argues that free-agency phenomenology is typically accurate, even if determinism is true. The result is a realist, naturalistic framework for theorizing about free will, according to which free will exists and we act freely. For the most part, this verdict is reached independently of addressing the compatibility question, which asks whether free will is compatible with determinism. Even so, the book weighs in on that question, arguing that the natural-kind view both supports compatibilism and provides compatibilists with an attractive way to be realists about free will. The resulting position is preferable to previous natural-kind accounts as well as to revisionist accounts of free will and moral responsibility. Finally, the view defuses recent empirical threats to free will and is able to address emerging questions about whether an artificially intelligent agent might ever act freely or be responsible for its behaviors.
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Basu, Sanjay. Complexities of Epidemic Modeling. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0010.
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The prior chapter derived and simulated the most basic epidemic model, assuming that people can be in only one of three states (susceptible, infected, or recovered) and that people mix homogeneously throughout the population. In this chapter, the author examines how the Kermack-McKendrick model can be extended to simulate a wide variety of complex diseases and circumstances and be adapted to incorporate the complex ways that people contact each other. Once we leave the context of the Kermack-McKendrick model, the calculation of R0 becomes complicated, so that the researcher must resort to simulation to identify what effect a disease will have in a population and to measure the potential impact of a public health intervention on the disease. The author additionally describes methods for simulating individual behavior in response to an epidemic.
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Lee, Bruce Y., Andrew B. Newberg, and Shahla J. Modir. Interaction of Spirituality and Religion with Health, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0021.
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Medical and scientific communities have become interested in the effects of religion on health, mental health, and substance abuse. Coverage of the interplay of religion and health is more frequent in the main stream media. There is a surge in the popularity of spiritual activities, such as yoga and mindfulness meditation, that aim to improve physical and mental health, as well as help with substance abuse. Many patients consider religion to be important and have indicated they would like to discuss religious issues with their psychiatrists. This chapter reviews the clinical effects of religious and spiritual practices on physical, mental health and health-related behaviors. Additionally, we will review the interactive effect of AA on spirituality and recovery, and the impact spirituality can have on improving abstinence from substance abuse. We also will discuss future directions in the roles of religion and spirituality in health care.
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Förster, André, and Malte Kaukal. Economic Performance and Turnout in Regional Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792130.003.0007.
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Following the idea that the behavior of individuals is framed by their contextual setting, this chapter tackles the persistent research gap regarding the impact of regionally varying economic performance on individual turnout. By looking at German districts and applying a multilevel design, we analyze the interplay of an individual’s characteristics and the regional economic performance regarding the decision to cast a vote. Results do not show a direct effect of regional economic performance in the data for 2009 and 2013, but high regional unemployment rates enforce the negative effect of individual unemployment on turnout in the German federal election in 2009, in the middle of the European economic crisis. Additionally, we find evidence that during this crisis election in 2009, East Germans seem to be more susceptible to economic threat scenarios than West Germans, as the former tend to withdraw from voting when regional unemployment rates are high.
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Whitfill, Travis, Heidi Rossetti, and Michael C. Gottlieb. Psychological Testing and Assessment. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.22.
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Psychological evaluations are commonly conducted within psychiatric settings with the goal of informing treatment decisions that are intended to benefit the patient. In addition to a clinical interview and review of records, the evaluation includes the selection, administration, scoring, and interpretation of psychological testing. Guided by the question(s) from the referring party, this multifaceted process occurs within a setting of existing care that requires clarification of the roles/duties of the professionals and organizations relative to each other and the patient. Additionally, psychological testing involves unique ethical considerations (e.g., psychometrics) not typically encountered during psychotherapy or psychiatric care. A variety of standards, provided in the form of rules that require or prohibit specific behaviors, has been created by governing organizations in order to inform the ethical decision-making process while conducting psychological assessments. These standards are understood within the broader framework of aspirational principles of ethics (e.g., nonmaleficence) universal to biomedical practice.
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Borch, Fred L. “Asia for the Asians,” Bushido, and Japanese War Crimes in the Netherlands East Indies, 1942 to 1946. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777168.003.0003.
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The 300,000 Europeans and Eurasians residing in the Indies in March 1942 soon learned that the Japanese occupiers planned to implement political, economic, and cultural policies that would integrate the newly “liberated” colony into the “Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere.” This goal of “Japanization” was to transform everyone living in the Indies into loyal subjects of the Emperor, with one important exception: “Asia for the Asians” meant there was no place for the white race in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI). Additionally, the Japanese in the archipelago were true believers in the warrior code of Bushido, which led to widespread mistreatment of prisoners of war and spilled-over into the treatment of civilian internees. This chapter explains how the Japanese intended to eradicate Dutch civilization and how the “Asia for the Asians” philosophy and Bushido code of behavior resulted in the commission of horrific war crimes, especially against whites and Eurasians.
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Guerin, Dava, Terry Bivens, Jack E. Davis, and Floyd Scholz. The Eagle on My Arm. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180021.001.0001.
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The Eagle on My Arm details the journey to recovery of Vietnam veteran Patrick Bradley. Enlisting at the age of eighteen, Bradley was mortified by the scenes in the North Vietnam jungles, and found himself unable to cope. At a psychiatrist’s recommendation, Bradley traveled to the Canadian wilderness where he spent three years studying and documenting bald eagles and their behavior. He made groundbreaking discoveries during his research, linking the use of chemical DDT to the decrease in southern bald eagle populations. Additionally, he made notable progress in his recovery, able to better control his previously unmitigated anger and rage. Bradley teamed up with other veterans to form the Avian Veteran Alliance in 2015, a non-profit that pairs wounded warriors with injured birds of prey. Where the Eagles Soar, written by biographers Dava Guerin and Terry Bivens, is one of only a handful of books concerned with the unique link between avian therapy and wounded warrior recovery. Introducing the psychiatric benefits of avian and animal therapy is crucial to the cultural climate regarding mental health, and sheds light on positive and exciting alternatives in the study of PTSD among war veterans.
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Virdi, Sundeep, and Robert L. Trestman. Personality disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0036.
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Personality disorders are highly prevalent and highly problematic in jails in prisons. Personality disorders, by definition, are associated with significant functional impairment of the affected individual and may negatively impact those around them. That impairment results from the way these individuals think and feel about themselves and others. Patients with personality disorder are often challenging to manage in the community. The difficulties associated with their care are accentuated in the confines and highly structured environments presented by jails and prisons. Inmates with personality disorders often require a disproportionate level of attention from correctional staff and their behavior can contribute to a dangerous environment inside a facility. Additionally, when compared to offenders with other psychiatric disorders or non-mentally disordered offenders, offenders with personality disorders have higher rates of violence, criminality, and recidivism. There are 4 personality disorders that are of particular clinical relevance to the correctional psychiatry setting: borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and paranoid personality disorder. Research also reflects that these disorders have the highest correctional prevalence rates among the personality disorders. For each of these four disorders, this chapter presents in turn a description and some management concerns and challenges, data on correctional prevalence, appropriate psychotherapy, and potential psychopharmacologic interventions.