Journal articles: 'Behavioral energy use'

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Swim, Janet K., Nathaniel Geiger, and Stephanie J. Zawadzki. "Psychology and Energy-Use Reduction Policies." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 2014): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548591.

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Local, state, and federal governments are continuing to design and pass programs and policies to decrease demand for energy. These programs and policies provide social, economic, and environmental benefits. Social and behavioral scientists can inform policymaking and evaluation because of their expertise in behavioral change. Specifically, policies will be more effective if they include a behavioral level analysis to help select behaviors, design behavioral change strategies that target appropriate motives and abilities, and attend to social and environmental contexts. After describing these principles, the article illustrates how they can inform the evaluation of labeling programs designed to encourage energy-efficient behaviors among consumers, manufacturers, and building owners.

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Lutzenhiser, Loren. "Social and Behavioral Aspects of Energy use." Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 18, no. 1 (November 1993): 247–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.18.110193.001335.

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Musti, Sashank, Katherine Kortum, and Kara M. Kockelman. "Household energy use and travel: Opportunities for behavioral change." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 16, no. 1 (January 2011): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2010.07.005.

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Attari, Shahzeen Z. "Transforming energy use." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 42 (December 2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.008.

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Nielsen, Kristian S., Sander van der Linden, and Paul C. Stern. "How Behavioral Interventions Can Reduce the Climate Impact of Energy Use." Joule 4, no. 8 (August 2020): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.008.

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Markon, Andre, Jorge E. Chavarro, Ming Ding, and Beverly Wolpert. "Demographic and Behavioral Correlates of Energy Drink Consumption." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_077.

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Abstract Objectives This study assessed energy drink consumption and high-risk behaviors, including alcohol and drug use, cross-sectionally among participants in three cohort studies—the Nurses’ Health Study 3 (NHS 3), the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) and GUTS2. Methods Questionnaires, including validated food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), collected participant demographics, risky behavior, and energy drink consumption data. [The specific question used for energy drink intake read as follows: “Do you drink energy drinks, e.g., Red Bull, Rock Star, Monster (8 oz. can)?” for NHS3, 2010–2019; GUTS, 2011; and GUTS2, 2011.] Following descriptive analysis, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression estimated associations between energy drink consumption and odds of risky behaviors, including pooled odds-ratios (pORs) across all cohorts. Results Of the 46,390 participants this study assessed, ∼13% reported energy drink consumption at least monthly. Risky behaviors associated with energy drink consumption included smoking [pOR: 1.88 (95% CI 1.55–2.29)], having higher body mass index [pORs: 1.31 (95% CI 1.11–1.53) for overweight (25–30 kg/m2) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.34–2.08) for obesity (≥30 kg/m2) compared to <25 kg/m2, respectively], insufficient sleep [pOR: 1.29 (95% CI 1.11–1.50) for <7 hours compared to 7–9 hours], tanning bed use [pOR: 2.31 (95% CI 1.96–2.72)], binge drinking [pOR: 2.53 (95% CI 2.09–3.07)], marijuana use [pOR: 1.49 (95% CI 1.28–1.73)], and use of any illegal drugs (other than marijuana) [pOR: 1.45 (95% CI 1.16–1.81)]. Demographic factors associated with consumption of energy drinks included higher education, which was associated with lower odds of energy drink consumption [pORs: 0.71 (95% CI 0.56–0.91) for bachelor's degree and 0.55 (95% CI 0.40–0.74) for master's degree, compared to no bachelor's degree, respectively], and race/ethnicity [pOR: 4.43 (95% CI: 2.41–8.15) comparing African Americans to non-Hispanic white]. Conclusions Both within and across the cohorts, risky behaviors were associated with higher odds of energy drink consumption. Funding Sources This study was funded via FDA contracts and NIH grants.

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Deng, Zhipeng, and Qingyan Chen. "Impact of occupant behavior on energy use of HVAC system in offices." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104055.

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The current methods for simulating building energy consumption are often inaccurate, and the error could be as large as 150%. Various types of occupant behavior may explain this inaccuracy. Therefore, it is important to identify an approach to estimate the impact of the behaviors on the energy consumption. The present study used EnergyPlus program to simulate the energy consumption of the HVAC system in an office building by implementing a behavioral artificial neural network (ANN) model. The behavioral ANN model calculates the probability of behavior occurrence according to indoor air temperature, relative humidity, clothing level and metabolic rate. The probability was used to predict energy use in 20 offices for one month in winter, spring and summer in 2018, respectively. Measured energy data from the offices were used to validate the simulated results. When a behavioral artificial neural network (ANN) model was implemented in the energy simulation, the difference between the simulated results and the measured data was less than 13%. Energy simulation using constant thermostat set point without considering occupant behavior was not accurate. Our further simulations found that adjustment of thermostat set point and clothing level by occupants could lead to 25% and 15% energy use variation in interior offices and exterior offices, respectively.

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Volker, Cassandra L., and Denise L. Herzing. "Aggressive Behaviors of Adult Male Atlantic Spotted Dolphins: Making Signals Count during Intraspecific and Interspecific Conflicts." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.01.04.2021.

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Some species exhibit behavioral plasticity by altering their aggressive behavior based on their opponent. Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are two sympatric species resident to the northern Bahamas. We examined whether groups of adult male spotted dolphins demonstrated behavioral plasticity during two different types of aggressive interactions. We described and compared the types of aggressive behaviors used during intraspecific aggression and interspecific aggression with bottlenose dolphins. Between the years 1991-2004, twenty-two aggressive encounters (11 intraspecific (spotted only), 11 interspecific (spotted vs. bottlenose)) were behaviorally analyzed. Twenty-three specific aggressive Behavioral Events, further grouped into three Behavioral Types, were examined throughout these encounters. Similarities and differences in the use of the Behavioral Types occurred during intra- and interspecific aggression. Groups of male Atlantic spotted dolphins altered their behavior during aggressive encounters with male bottlenose dolphins. Spotted dolphins increased their use of the Pursuit Behavioral Type and did not use the Display Behavioral Type significantly more than the Contact Behavioral Type during interspecific aggression. The increased use of a more overt and energy intensive Behavioral Type, Pursuit, suggests that Atlantic spotted dolphins altered their behavior during aggressive encounters with bottlenose dolphins to compensate during fights with a larger species and/or to effectively communicate with a different species.

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Bird, Stephen, and Lisa Legault. "Feedback and Behavioral Intervention in Residential Energy and Resource Use: a Review." Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 5, no. 1 (February 17, 2018): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40518-018-0106-8.

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Fujioka, Ken. "Sustained-release Naltrexone/Bupropion A Novel Pharmacologic Approach to Obesity and Food Craving." US Endocrinology 10, no. 01 (2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2014.10.01.53.

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Long-term pharmacologic strategies that may be used in conjunction with lifestyle changes to address the obesity epidemic have, until recently, been an unmet clinical need. Interestingly, pharmacologic interventions to date have not specifically focused on modifying the behavioral aspects of eating. Food intake is influenced by multiple pathways, including the homeostatic regulation of energy balance controlled by the hypothalamus and the mesolimbic reward system, dysregulation of which can lead to reward eating, food craving, and overconsumption of food. A growing body of evidence suggests that targeting the reward system can be a successful intervention for obesity management. Sustained-release naltrexone/bupropion is a novel combination therapy that targets both the hypothalamic melanocortin system and the reward system. In clinical trials, naltrexone/bupropion has been associated with sustained and clinically meaningful weight loss together with beneficial effects on eating behavior and improvements in cardiometabolic factors. Craving and control of food intake were also measured and correlated with improved outcome.

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MORI, Yasuhiro, and Susumu OHNUMA. "A study of energy-saving behavior in households using the real energy use as a behavioral measure." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 2EV—135–2EV—135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_2ev-135.

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Horhota, Michelle, Jenni Asman, Jeanine P. Stratton, and Angela C. Halfacre. "Identifying behavioral barriers to campus sustainability." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 15, no. 3 (July 7, 2014): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-07-2012-0065.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the behavioral barriers to sustainable action in a campus community. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports three different methodological approaches to the assessment of behavioral barriers to sustainable actions on a college campus. Focus groups and surveys were used to assess campus members’ opinions about the barriers that limit sustainable behaviors on campus. After identifying general barriers, behavioral assessment was used to assess specific barriers to energy conservation in a target location on campus and to develop an intervention to reduce energy use for that location. Findings – Across methodologies, four key behavioral barriers to sustainable actions were consistently reported: communication/awareness, inconvenience, financial concerns and lack of engagement. The intervention that was developed targeted the barriers of communication issues and lack of awareness and resulted in reduced energy use for a target campus location. Originality/value – This paper highlights the value of assessing barriers to ongoing sustainability efforts using multiple methods and using this information to develop an intervention to foster behavioral change. The paper also highlights strategies that have been implemented to address some of the barriers which were identified.

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Asensio, Omar I., and Magali A. Delmas. "Nonprice incentives and energy conservation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 6 (January 12, 2015): E510—E515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1401880112.

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In the electricity sector, energy conservation through technological and behavioral change is estimated to have a savings potential of 123 million metric tons of carbon per year, which represents 20% of US household direct emissions in the United States. In this article, we investigate the effectiveness of nonprice information strategies to motivate conservation behavior. We introduce environment and health-based messaging as a behavioral strategy to reduce energy use in the home and promote energy conservation. In a randomized controlled trial with real-time appliance-level energy metering, we find that environment and health-based information strategies, which communicate the environmental and public health externalities of electricity production, such as pounds of pollutants, childhood asthma, and cancer, outperform monetary savings information to drive behavioral change in the home. Environment and health-based information treatments motivated 8% energy savings versus control and were particularly effective on families with children, who achieved up to 19% energy savings. Our results are based on a panel of 3.4 million hourly appliance-level kilowatt–hour observations for 118 residences over 8 mo. We discuss the relative impacts of both cost-savings information and environmental health messaging strategies with residential consumers.

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Koene, F. G. H. (Frans), Y. (Yvonne) de Kluizenaar, T. (Tatyana) Bulavskaya, E. C. M. (Linda) Hoes-van Oeffelen, M. E. (Marleen) Spiekman, H. (Hedwig) Hofstetter, and I. J. (Ivo) Opstelten. "User Behavioral Models and their Effect on Predicted Energy Use for Heating in Dwellings." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.788.

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Song, Kwonsik, Kyle Anderson, SangHyun Lee, Kaitlin T. Raimi, and P. Sol Hart. "Non-Invasive Behavioral Reference Group Categorization Considering Temporal Granularity and Aggregation Level of Energy Use Data." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143678.

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Within residences, normative messaging interventions have been gaining interest as a cost-effective way to promote energy-saving behaviors. Behavioral reference groups are one important factor in determining the effectiveness of normative messages. More personally relevant and meaningful groups are likely to promote behavior change. Using readily available energy-use profiles in a non-invasive manner permits the creation of highly personalized reference groups. Unfortunately, how data granularity (e.g., minute and hour) and aggregation (e.g., one week and one month) affect the performance of energy profile-based reference group categorization is not well understood. This research evaluates reference group categorization performance across different levels of data granularity and aggregation. We conduct a clustering analysis using one-year of energy use data from 2248 households in Holland, Michigan USA. The clustering analysis reveals that using six-hour intervals results in more personalized energy profile-based reference groups compared to using more granular data (e.g., 15 min). This also minimizes computational burdens. Further, aggregating energy-use data over all days of twelve weeks increases the group similarity compared to less aggregated data (e.g., weekdays of twelve weeks). The proposed categorization framework enables interveners to create personalized and scalable normative feedback messages.

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Attia, Shady. "Spatial and Behavioral Thermal Adaptation in Net Zero Energy Buildings: An Exploratory Investigation." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197961.

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Climate responsive design can amplify the positive environmental effects necessary for human habitation and constructively engage and reduce the energy use of existing buildings. This paper aims to assess the role of the thermal adaptation design strategy on thermal comfort perception, occupant behavior, and building energy use in twelve high-performance Belgian households. Thermal adaptation involves thermal zoning and behavioral adaptation to achieve thermal comfort and reduce energy use in homes. Based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork and in-depth interviews conducted in Brussels, the paper provides insights on the impact of using mechanical systems in twelve newly renovated nearly- and net-zero energy households. The article calls for embracing thermal adaptation as a crucial design principle in future energy efficiency standards and codes. Results confirm the rebound effect in nearly zero energy buildings and the limitation of the current building energy efficiency standards. The paper offers a fresh perspective to the field of building energy efficiency that will appeal to researchers and architects, as well as policymakers.

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Knittel, Christopher R., and Samuel Stolper. "Machine Learning about Treatment Effect Heterogeneity: The Case of Household Energy Use." AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211090.

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We use causal forests to evaluate the heterogeneous treatment effects (TEs) of repeated behavioral nudges toward household energy conservation. The average response to treatment is a monthly electricity reduction of 9 kilowatt-hours (kWh), but the full distribution of responses ranges from -40 to +10 kWh. Households learn to reduce more over time, conditional on having responded in year one. Pre-treatment consumption and home value are the most commonly used predictors in the forest. The results suggest the ability to use machine learning techniques for improved targeting and tailoring of treatment.

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Dijkstra, Peter T. "Gedragseconomische valkuilen bij de energietransitie : Hoe te zorgen voor een gedragsverandering in het kader van verduurzaming en energieverbruik?" Mens en maatschappij 95, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mem2020.3.004.dijk.

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Abstract Behavioral-economic pitfalls in the energy transitionThe energy transition requires large investments. The public debate in the Netherlands focuses on the associated costs, and the government uses traditional instruments such as subsidies. From the perspective of behavioral economics this approach has a few drawbacks. The goal of this article is to discuss behavioral-economic pitfalls which are important for two topics regarding the energy transition. First, households need to take measures themselves with regard to the switch to alternative energy sources. Several behavior-economic pitfalls influence households’ decisions. The most important ones are risk aversion, loss aversion, choice overload and motivation crowding out. A number of measures are discussed which the government might employ to facilitate this behavioral change by households. Second, large investments will be needed in the electricity network due to the energy transition. These costs might be mitigated by a behavioral change in energy use of households and firms: either by using less energy or by using energy at other times of the day. This might be achieved by introducing dynamic electricity tariffs. However, behavioral-economic pitfalls will affect the interest in such tariffs, most notably motivation crowding out and moral licensing. Their effects will be lessened if financial incentives are not emphasized.

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Dascalaki, Elena G., and Constantinos A. Balaras. "Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 6254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146254.

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In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), while less than half heated their entire dwellings and only a fifth maintained an indoor setpoint temperature of 20 °C, corresponding to standard comfort conditions. Mainstream energy conservation measures include system maintenance, switching to more efficient systems, reducing heat losses and installing controls. This information is then used to derive empirical adaptation factors for bridging the gap between the calculated and actual energy use, making more realistic estimates of the expected energy savings following building renovations, setting prudent targets for energy efficiency and developing effective plans toward a decarbonized building stock.

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Borozan, Djula, and Luka Borozan. "Examining the Industrial Energy Consumption Determinants: A Panel Bayesian Model Averaging Approach." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010070.

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The paper explores the impact of early stage and established entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption across European countries for the period 2001–2017. It proposes that industrial energy consumption is a complex multifaceted result of value-added activities conducted by different types of entrepreneurs and the quality of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial framework conditions, which support or hinder entrepreneurial activity and consequently energy use. After selecting the most appropriate model using a panel Bayesian averaging model approach, a fixed effects panel regression analysis was conducted to investigate more deeply the impact of different types of entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption. The results show that early stage and established entrepreneurs exhibit different behavioral patterns with respect to energy use. The former follows, although statistically insignificantly, a U-shaped energy use curve. By contrast, the latter follows statistically significantly an inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, the results confirm the important role of the governments and other policy authorities in creating favorable framework conditions, which can support the changes in behavioral energy practices and the development of new or established businesses aiming for sustainability.

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Baharoon, Dhyia Aidroos, Hasimah Abdul Rahman, and Saeed Obaid Fadhl. "Publics׳ knowledge, attitudes and behavioral toward the use of solar energy in Yemen power sector." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60 (July 2016): 498–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.110.

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Brown, Craig, Mark Gorgolewski, and Alasdair Goodwill. "Using physical, behavioral, and demographic variables to explain suite-level energy use in multiresidential buildings." Building and Environment 89 (July 2015): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.039.

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Yu, Biying, Junyi Zhang, and Akimasa Fujiwara. "A Household Time-Use and Energy-Consumption Model with Multiple Behavioral Interactions and Zero Consumption." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 40, no. 2 (April 2013): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b38213.

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Lill, A. "Behavioral Energetics of Overwintering in the Rifleman, Acanthisitta-Chloris." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 6 (1991): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910643.

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The role of behavioural adjustments in meeting increased daily energy requirements in winter was investigated in rifleman, Acanthisitta chloris, inhabiting lowland forest in South I., New Zealand, by comparing their population density, time-activity budget and foraging behaviour in autumn and winter. Rifleman foraged for 83% of daytime in both seasons. The combined effects on the birds' winter energy budget of increased thermoregulation costs and the shorter daylength for foraging were at least partly offset by an estimated 23-29% decrease in the amount of energy expended daily on activity and a 78% increment in prey caught per day. The reduced energy expenditure on activity resulted from rifleman spending less time on expensive flying and more time roosting. The increase in prey capture rate may have stemmed from a 35% seasonal reduction in the birds' population density and reduced prey mobility at lower ambient temperatures. Marked sexual size dimorphism was not reflected in gender differences in activity budgeting or prey capture rate, but the sexes differed in their relative use of foraging substrates. Rifleman showed few seasonal changes in daily activity rhythm or microhabitat use. The behavioural energetic overwintering tactics of rifleman are compared with those of other Australasian and north temperate zone land-birds.

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Palmer, Karen, and Margaret Walls. "Limited Attention and the Residential Energy Efficiency Gap." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151009.

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Inattention may be an important contributor to the energy efficiency gap and may be particularly acute in residential buildings where many different features will determine a home's energy use. Energy audits can provide information on how to reduce energy loss in a home, but the use of audits is rare. We use data from a national survey of 1700 homeowners to study the factors affecting a home owner's choice to have an audit. We create an index of energy inattention for our survey respondents. This index and two additional behavioral factors prove to be important determinants of the audit choice.

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Abrahamse, Wokje, Linda Steg, Charles Vlek, and Talib Rothengatter. "The effect of tailored information, goal setting, and tailored feedback on household energy use, energy-related behaviors, and behavioral antecedents." Journal of Environmental Psychology 27, no. 4 (December 2007): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.08.002.

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KC, Rajan, Hom Bahadur Rijal, Masanori Shukuya, and Kazui Yoshida. "Importance of Behavioral Adjustments for Adaptive Thermal Comfort in a Condominium with HEMS System." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32175.

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The energy use in residential dwellings has been increasing due to increasing use of modern electric appliances to make the lifestyle easier, entertaining and better. One of the major purposes of indoor energy use is for improving indoor thermal environment for adjusting thermal comfort. Along with the use of passive means like the use of mechanical devices, the occupants in any dwellings use active means such as the use of natural ventilation, window opening, and clothing adjustment. In fact, the use of active means when the outdoor environment is good enough might be more suitable to improve indoor thermal environment than the use of mechanical air conditioning units, which necessarily require electricity. Therefore, the people in developing countries like Nepal need to understand to what extent the occupants can use active means to manage their own indoor thermal comfort. The use of active means during good outdoor environment might be an effective way to manage increasing energy demand in the future. We have made a field survey on the occupants’ adaptive behaviors for thermal comfort in a Japanese condominium equipped with Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Online questionnaire survey was conducted in a condominium with 356 families from November 2015 to October 2016 to understand the occupants’ behaviors. The number of 17036 votes from 39 families was collected. The indoor air temperature, relative humidity and illuminance were measured at the interval of 2-10 minutes to know indoor thermal environmental conditions. The occupants were found using different active behaviors for thermal comfort adjustments even in rather harsh summer and winter. Around 80% of the occupants surveyed opened windows when the outdoor air temperature was 30⁰C in free running (FR) mode and the clothing insulation was 0.93 clo when the outdoor air temperature was 0⁰C. The result showed that the use of mechanical heating and cooling was not necessarily the first priority to improve indoor thermal environment. Our result along with other results in residential buildings showed that the adaptive behaviors of the occupants are one of the primary ways to adjust indoor thermal comfort. This fact is important in enhancing the energy saving building design.

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Andrews, Richard N. L., and Evan Johnson. "Energy use, behavioral change, and business organizations: Reviewing recent findings and proposing a future research agenda." Energy Research & Social Science 11 (January 2016): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.09.001.

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Calleja-Rodríguez, Gloria, Juan Jacobo Peralta-Escalante, Noemi Jiménez-Redondo, Francisco Javier Márquez-Pocostales, and Paula Anghelita. "Potential on Comfort Enhancement and Energy Saving through Behavioral Change of Energy Users in Real European Buildings." Proceedings 65, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065004.

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The study monitored 10 real European buildings to identify comfort enhancement potential and energy saving potential based on changing the behavior of building users. The results show that the office building could have saved up to EUR 2500 in energy during the study period while the healthcare centers could have saved more than EUR 1000. The highest energy saving potential is related to the use of the Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system. It has also been found out that there is a potential to improve comfort conditions in all the pilot buildings. The highest potential on comfort is identified in the improvement of the luminance conditions.

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Ji, Wei, Chengpeng Lu, Jinhuang Mao, Yiping Liu, Muchen Hou, and Xiaoli Pan. "Public’s Intention and Influencing Factors of Dockless Bike-Sharing in Central Urban Areas: A Case Study of Lanzhou City, China." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 9265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169265.

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Taking the main district in Lanzhou city of China as an example, the questionnaires were designed and distributed, and then the effects of five factors, i.e., behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, on the behavioral intention of dockless bike-sharing (DBS) use were empirically analyzed based on the integrated model of technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as well as the structural equation model. Results show that the five factors all impose significantly positive effects on the public’s behavioral intention of DBS use but differ in influencing degrees. Behavioral attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control can all directly affect the public’s behavioral intention of DBS use, with direct influence coefficients of 0.691, 0.257 and 0.198, while perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness impose indirectly effects on behavioral intention, with indirect influence coefficients of 0.372 and 0.396. Overall, behavioral attitude imposes the most significant effect, followed by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm, and finally perceived behavioral control. This indicates that the public’s behavioral intention of DBS use depends heavily on their behavioral attitude towards the shared bikes. In view of the limited open space of the main district in Lanzhou, the explosive growth of shared bikes, oversaturated arrangements, disordered competition, unclear and unscientific divisions of parking regions, and hindrance of traffic, this study proposes a lot of policy suggestions from the research results. A series of supporting service systems related to DBS should be formulated. The shared bikes with different characteristics should be launched for different age groups, gender groups and work groups. The corresponding feedback platform for realtime acquisition, organization, analysis and solution of data information, as well as the adequate platform feedback mechanism, should be established.

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Indraganti, Madhavi, Djamel Boussaa, Somayeh Assadi, and Ehsan Mostavi. "User satisfaction and energy use behavior in offices in Qatar." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 4 (January 9, 2018): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417751388.

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The occupant behavior significantly contributes to the total energy use in buildings and its understanding is greatly needed in energy analysis/simulation studies. Uncertainties about the occupant behavior adversely affect the building performance predictability of the simulation models. As field data in Qatar on occupant energy use and behavior was unavailable, we conducted an environmental satisfaction and energy use survey in the city of Doha, Qatar in seven office buildings. Building occupants were highly satisfied with their work environments with respect to most of the environmental parameters excepting acoustics. Access to operable controls such as windows, thermostats improved their satisfaction. Subjects in private offices were more satisfied with their work environments. We noted the self-declared productivity of respondents to be high in general. It was significantly higher in offices with better occupant access to temperature controls. Noise level dissatisfaction was the highest in high partitioned cubicle offices and satisfaction was high in open plan offices. These findings provide vital design direction for new offices and environmental systems design and for managerial motivational campaigns. Practical application: Using field study data, we analyzed the occupant behavior and environmental satisfaction in offices in Doha, Qatar. The Middle East in general and Qatar in particular are known to consume enormous energy for buildings leaving a large ecological footprint. The finding of this study informs the designers of air-conditioning systems about the user behavioral patterns. Further, these findings help the building managers in designing targeted energy awareness/saving campaigns, as user motivation is vital in energy saving.

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Brutman, Julianna, Jon F. Davis, and Sunil Sirohi. "Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 20 (June 21, 2020): 2309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200206092231.

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A complex interplay of peripheral and central signaling mechanisms within the body of an organism maintains energy homeostasis. In addition, energy/food intake is modified by various external factors (e.g., palatability, food availability, social and environmental triggers). Highly palatable foods can provoke maladaptive feeding behavior, which in turn disrupts normal homeostatic regulation resulting in numerous health consequences. Furthermore, neuroendocrine peptides, traditionally considered to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis, also control the intake and reinforcing properties of alcohol and drugs of abuse. Therefore, dysregulated eating as a result of a hedonic/binge-like intake of hyper-palatable food may impact alcohol drinking behavior. Relevant in this case is the fact that eating disorders are highly comorbid with several neuropsychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder. The present review is intended to summarize the neurobiological and functional consequences of hedonic feeding on alcohol intake.

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Wang, Ming You, Yang Song, and Liu He Ji. "Safeguard Mechanism Research for Effective Implementation of Energy Tax Policy Reform." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.516.

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Energy tax policy has an irreplaceable role in promoting conventional energy conservation, sustainable use and promotion of new energy sources. But China's current energy taxes still has many problems and needs an energy tax reforms. The effective implementation of the energy tax policy reform must have relevant supporting mechanisms to ensure implementation of the policy. Thus we need analyze the behavioral characteristics and trade-offs involved in policy-related aspects to achieve the establishment of appropriate safeguards.

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Klein, David R. "Comparative ecological and behavioral adaptations of Ovibos moschatus and Rangifer tarandus." Rangifer 12, no. 2 (October 1, 1992): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.12.2.1016.

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Caribou/reindeer and muskoxen are the only two ungulate species that have successfully occupied arctic tundra habitats. Although confronted with similar environmental constraints, their morphological dissimilarities have enabled them to develop unique behavioral and ecological adaptations that under most circumstances result in minimal overlap in use of forage resources. The large body and gut capacity of muskoxen have enabled them to adopt a strategy maximizing rate of forage intake and energy conservation, whereas caribou/reindeer of substantially smaller body size must pursue selective feeding, requiring high mobility and high energy expenditure. Responses to predators and insects by the two species show similar contrasts in associated energy costs. When confronted with environmental extremes that limit forage availability, competition for food may occur and the resulting differential success is a reflection of their divergent evolutionary routes.

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Tsou, Hung-Tai, Ja-Shen Chen, Yunhsin Chou, and Tzu-Wen Chen. "Sharing Economy Service Experience and Its Effects on Behavioral Intention." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 5050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185050.

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The sharing economy allows consumers to share spare resources through online platforms and to reduce the transaction costs by using platform services. Shared enterprises use idle resources in a more intelligent manner and share the resulting benefits with consumers. This study connects the shared enterprises’ service innovations with service experience. This study examines the consumers’ energy sharing experience and its impact on their experiential values, which in turn, affects their continued sharing energy intention. In addition, this study further examines the moderating effects of social influence and sustainability on experiential value and behavioral intentions. Data were collected from 460 Taiwanese consumers. The consumers were asked to complete a survey about their experience with Gogoro energy sharing services. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was adopted to analyze the data via IBM SPSS AMOS 25.0 (Armonk, New York, U.S.). As a result, a new four-element sharing economy service experience model was suggested; the service experience had a significant and positive effect on the behavioral intention. Additionally, the experiential values had significant and positive effects on the behavioral intention. Moreover, social influence and sustainability had significant and positive moderating effects on the relationships between experiential values and behavioral intention.

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Niamir, Leila, Gregor Kiesewetter, Fabian Wagner, Wolfgang Schöpp, Tatiana Filatova, Alexey Voinov, and Hans Bressers. "Assessing the macroeconomic impacts of individual behavioral changes on carbon emissions." Climatic Change 158, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02566-8.

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Abstract In the last decade, instigated by the Paris agreement and United Nations Climate Change Conferences (COP22 and COP23), the efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels are expanding. The required reductions in greenhouse gas emissions imply a massive decarbonization worldwide with much involvement of regions, cities, businesses, and individuals in addition to the commitments at the national levels. Improving end-use efficiency is emphasized in previous IPCC reports (IPCC 2014). Serving as the primary ‘agents of change’ in the transformative process towards green economies, households have a key role in global emission reduction. Individual actions, especially when amplified through social dynamics, shape green energy demand and affect investments in new energy technologies that collectively can curb regional and national emissions. However, most energy-economics models—usually based on equilibrium and optimization assumptions—have a very limited representation of household heterogeneity and treat households as purely rational economic actors. This paper illustrates how computational social science models can complement traditional models by addressing this limitation. We demonstrate the usefulness of behaviorally rich agent-based computational models by simulating various behavioral and climate scenarios for residential electricity demand and compare them with the business as usual (SSP2) scenario. Our results show that residential energy demand is strongly linked to personal and social norms. Empirical evidence from surveys reveals that social norms have an essential role in shaping personal norms. When assessing the cumulative impacts of these behavioral processes, we quantify individual and combined effects of social dynamics and of carbon pricing on individual energy efficiency and on the aggregated regional energy demand and emissions. The intensity of social interactions and learning plays an equally important role for the uptake of green technologies as economic considerations, and therefore in addition to carbon-price policies (top-down approach), implementing policies on education, social and cultural practices can significantly reduce residential carbon emissions.

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Mwalupaso, Gershom Endelani, Shangao Wang, Zhangxing Xu, and Xu Tian. "Towards Auspicious Agricultural Informatization—Implication of Farmers’ Behavioral Intention Apropos of Mobile Phone Use in Agriculture." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 6282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226282.

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The success of agricultural development programs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is subject to the extent and nature of information communication technology (ICT) usage, particularly mobile phones. In comparison to other ICTs, the mobile phone is less demanding in terms of user capabilities, infrastructure requirements, and affordability. Mobile phone technology plays a vital role in facilitating the realization of benefits for farmers through access to useful agricultural information. However, up till now farmers' behavioral intention towards mobile phone use has hardly been evaluated yet it is a critical issue that policymakers and development partners need to comprehend. Is mobile phone use in agriculture dependent upon farmers’ behavioral intention? We address this topic using cross-sectional data from Zambia obtained through a two-stage sampling procedure. Our results establish that a strong association consistent with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) exists. This suggests that positive behavioral intention has a substantial likelihood to elicit auspicious agricultural informatization and consequently, household economic development. We further find that mobile phone ownership, family size, wealth, and marital status can significantly influence smallholders’ behavioral change towards mobile phone use in agriculture. Therefore, in an effort to promote sustainable agricultural information access in rural settings, our study strongly demonstrates the relevance of farmers’ behavioral intent towards mobile phone use, and also enriches the discussion on the implementation of mobile phone use for collecting agricultural information.

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Gerarden, Todd, Richard G. Newell, and Robert N. Stavins. "Deconstructing the Energy-Efficiency Gap: Conceptual Frameworks and Evidence." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012.

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Energy-efficient technologies offer considerable promise for reducing the financial costs and environmental damages associated with energy use, but these technologies appear not to be adopted to the degree that appears justified, even on a purely private basis. We present two complementary frameworks for understanding this so-called “energy paradox” or “energy efficiency gap.” First, we build upon previous literature by dividing potential explanations for the energy efficiency gap into three categories: market failures, behavioral anomalies, and model and measurement errors. Second, we examine the elements of cost-minimizing energy efficiency decisions, the typical benchmark used in assessing the gap's magnitude.

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Baeza Torres, Emmanuel Said, Sara Eugenia Cruz Morales, and Jennifer Lira Mandujano. "Evaluación de activación conductual en universitarios que consumen mariguana: estudio piloto." Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones 7, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2021.2.02.

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Introduction: In Mexico, marijuana consumption has increased in adults and university students, triggering problems in attention, concentration, anxiety, depression, dependence, and cardio-respiratory difficulties. Psychological interventions like brief motivational treatment (BMT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have reported some difficulties such as a low and medium effect size, decreased consumption without reaching abstinence, and heterogeneity in the use of both cognitive and behavioral techniques. The use of behavioral techniques in Behavioral Activation has reported effectiveness in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and recently in alcohol and tobacco. Objective: to evaluate the effect size of a Behavioral Activation treatment in abstinence of marijuana (BA-M) measured in units, occasions, and quantity of consumption. Method: in a sample of university students (n = 8), the intervention of behavioral activation was applied, which includes functional analysis, planning and goal setting, contingency management, skills training, and relapse prevention. It was carried out a multielement single case design with eight replications, calculating the effect size through the non-overlapping index of all pairs. Results: high effect size was obtained in the consumption pattern, ranging between 91.10% and 100%, 5 university students achieved abstinence. Discussion and conclusions: treatment in BA-M obtained a high effect size in abstinence and a decrease in marijuana abuse these results are similar to those reported in alcohol and tobacco.

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Martynyuk, Oleksandr M., Olesandr Va Drozd, Sergiy A. Nesterenko, Vadym Yu Skobtsov, and Thuong Van Bui. "BEHAVIORAL HIDDEN TESTING OF DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OF ENERGY." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.02.2021.3.

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The introduction of new energy-consuming properties for positions and transitions into the checked properties of the extended reference Petri net, for which the deviations of the tested Petri net are determined and a testing model is developed, provides new diagnostic possibilities. Keeping the class of checked properties in the composition of deviations of incidence relations, correspondences and marking functions of positions and transitions for the checked and reference Petri nets, the new properties make it possible to record the appearance of critical temperature regimes that are a consequence of errors or directly leading to their appearance. This versatility of testing helps to increase its completeness, accuracy and efficiency. The energy-heavy testing model is based on verification of incidence, correspondence, and markup functions. Checking the markup functions when generating events in positions, performing actions in transitions, as well as the proposed checking of the energy consumption indicators accumulated in the monitor tokens, is performed when checking the incidence, correspondences. The features of the testing model include the input of generalized energy-loaded Petri nets recorders, accumulating information about energy consumption in the behavior of positions/transitions, topological components and subnets, the entire Petri net in the process of its functioning. The testing model is also distinguished by the recognition of the reference energy-loaded behavior when checking the Petri net based on behavioral identification and coincidence of subsets of positions/transitions, the determination of behavior, the use of check primitives and transactions. The behavioral testing model defines the formal conditions for behavioral testing procedures, including the analysis of the correctness of energy consumption. The dimensionality of the testing model was estimated using the representation of Petri net graphs, special graphs of attainable states, including Rabin-Scott automata, using list structures. These estimates define the limits of applicability of the formal testing model

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Hattori, Shunichi, Teruhisa Miura, Reiko Ichikawa, and Daiki Sawai. "In-Home Behavioral Observation Method Employing Internet of Things Sensors for Barrier Investigation of Energy Saving Activities." Proceedings 31, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019031031.

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This paper proposes an in-home behavioral observation method employing Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. Behavioral change programs based on information provision approaches have begun to be employed in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the residential sector. To improve efforts to save energy, a behavioral observation method that aims to understand the reality of users’ daily activities could be an effective approach. However, problems with existing methods include observations costs, privacy implications and the other complications regarding the specific behaviors of the person being observed. An in-home behavioral observation method employing IoT sensors is therefore proposed to both reduce costs and alleviate the privacy impact on user’s in-home activities. The use of sensor-based observation presents several relevant advantages. For example, the cost of sensor-based observation is relatively cheap compared to human-based approaches. In addition, it employs a minimum number of necessary sensors and has a relatively small impact on privacy and personal activities. These advantages imply that the proposed method could allow long-term observations targeting a number of households, thus enabling exhaustive investigations. Sensory-based observation approaches are applied to investigations of the barriers to in-home energy-saving activities with a goal of improving relevant behavioral change programs. The results showed that the in-home activities of the twenty target households were successfully observed for six weeks with various barriers having been extracted and organized.

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Nagasaka, Ken, Hiroshi Takamori, and Eiroku Go. "A Mechanism Design for Managing Emissions in Energy Supply Sector." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2013): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2013.p0094.

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The strategic design for a program for managing the commons involves devising a scheme where those regulated are not trapped into inefficient equilibrium of moral hazardous behavior. This paper studies the auctionmechanism for allocating allowance or licenses for CO2 emission and also pricing transferable allowance. For the sake of clear presentation, we use a behavioral model of an electricity supplier firm to define key ingredients in the auction mechanism. Program implementation is evaluated by simulating the firm’s response to various levels of constraint under the program.

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Gotay, Carolyn C. "Behavior and Cancer Prevention." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 2 (January 10, 2005): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.06.069.

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This paper reviews research on the effects of behavioral risk factors on cancer incidence, as well as behavioral interventions for cancer prevention. Risk factors discussed here—tobacco use, diet, physical activity, and obesity/energy balance—are all linked with cancer etiology, and effective behavioral interventions have been developed in all of these areas. The most effective interventions appear to incorporate various components; for example, including individual as well as family activities, and involving multiple community organizations in behavior-changing activities. Behavioral theories have guided the design of these interventions, providing support that certain influences on behavior, such as self-efficacy, problem-solving skills, and social support, are important regardless of the specific behavioral target. As illustrated by the recent lowered lung cancer incidence and mortality rates for men and women, behavior change is possible and effective in cancer prevention. Clinical guidelines have been established for behavioral aspects of treatments for smoking cessation, dietary guideline compliance, physical activity, and obesity reduction, and new tools for dissemination of effective intervention materials will be helpful in increasing their use. Documenting the cost-effectiveness of behavioral interventions, using new technology interventions, and building on translational research to tailor interventions to individuals offer considerable promise for the future.

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Ali, Qadeer, Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem, Fahim Ullah, and Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. "The Performance Gap in Energy-Efficient Office Buildings: How the Occupants Can Help?" Energies 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061480.

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Rising demand and limited production of electricity are instrumental in spreading the awareness of cautious energy use, leading to the global demand for energy-efficient buildings. This compels the construction industry to smartly design and effectively construct these buildings to ensure energy performance as per design expectations. However, the research tells a different tale: energy-efficient buildings have performance issues. Among several reasons behind the energy performance gap, occupant behavior is critical. The occupant behavior is dynamic and changes over time under formal and informal influences, but the traditional energy simulation programs assume it as static throughout the occupancy. Effective behavioral interventions can lead to optimized energy use. To find out the energy-saving potential based on simulated modified behavior, this study gathers primary building and occupant data from three energy-efficient office buildings in major cities of Pakistan and categorizes the occupants into high, medium, and low energy consumers. Additionally, agent-based modeling simulates the change in occupant behavior under the direct and indirect interventions over a three-year period. Finally, energy savings are quantified to highlight a 25.4% potential over the simulation period. This is a unique attempt at quantifying the potential impact on energy usage due to behavior modification which will help facility managers to plan and execute necessary interventions and software experts to develop effective tools to model the dynamic usage behavior. This will also help policymakers in devising subtle but effective behavior training strategies to reduce energy usage. Such behavioral retrofitting comes at a much lower cost than the physical or technological retrofit options to achieve the same purpose and this study establishes the foundation for it.

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Manolas, Evangelos, Georgios Tsantopoulos, and Kyriaki Dimoudi. "Energy saving and the use of “green” bank products: the views of the citizens." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2016-0042.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the views of citizens on issues related to energy saving and the realization of bank products in buildings under renovation such as energy saving interventions in the building envelope, installment of maximum efficiency air-conditioning systems, etc. Design/methodology/approach The collection of data was done through a structured questionnaire. The data are important because they show the attitudes of citizens while they simultaneously assess the effectiveness of the program after the application for many years of the energy saving program by the state. Findings The results of the research show that with regard to responsible actions by citizens as far as impacts on climate change are concerned, cognitive factors are more important than behavioral factors. The most important reason with regard to citizens restricting the consumption of electrical energy is saving money. Finally, the vast majority of citizens declare that they know about the existence of “green” bank financial programs and claim that these contribute to environmental protection. Despite all this, a very small percentage of citizens have realized some sort of financial program in order to save energy claiming that the main reason for their choice was the country’s economic crisis. Originality/value This investigation of the views of citizens may constitute a tool both for designing of effective environmental policy but also for the assessment of energy saving programs such as the one discussed in this paper.

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Jason, Leonard A., Warren W. Tryon, Renee R. Taylor, Caroline King, Erin L. Frankenberry, and Karen M. Jordan. "Monitoring and Assessing Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Use of Time Series Regression." Psychological Reports 85, no. 1 (August 1999): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.1.121.

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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome's principal symptoms are severe and include prolonged fatigue and a number of other minor symptoms. Behavioral data collection methods were used in a case study to show some of the benefits that can be derived from monitoring symptoms hourly and daily. Using time series regression, several statistically significant correlates of fatigue were found both within days and between days. Perceived energy, physical exertion, and mental exertion were significantly related to fatigue in both analyses. Collection of such data may help resolve a number of theoretical and methodological problems in research on the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

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Looney, Shannon M., and Hollie A. Raynor. "Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention in the Treatment of Obesity." Health Services Insights 6 (January 2013): HSI.S10474. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/hsi.s10474.

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This article provides an overview of research regarding adult behavioral lifestyle intervention for obesity treatment. We first describe two trials using a behavioral lifestyle intervention to induce weight loss in adults, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. We then review the three main components of a behavioral lifestyle intervention program: behavior therapy, an energy- and fat-restricted diet, and a moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity prescription. Research regarding the influence of dietary prescriptions focusing on macronutrient composition, meal replacements, and more novel dietary approaches (such as reducing dietary variety and energy density) on weight loss is examined. Methods to assist with meeting physical activity goals, such as shortening exercise bouts, using a pedometer, and having access to exercise equipment within the home, are reviewed. To assist with improving weight loss outcomes, broadening activity goals to include resistance training and a reduction in sedentary behavior are considered. To increase the accessibility of behavioral lifestyle interventions to treat obesity in the broader population, translation of efficacious interventions such as the DPP, must be undertaken. Translational studies have successfully altered the DPP to reduce treatment intensity and/or used alternative modalities to implement the DPP in primary care, worksite, and church settings; several examples are provided. The use of new methodologies or technologies that provide individualized treatment and real-time feedback, and which may further enhance weight loss in behavioral lifestyle interventions, is also discussed.

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Schukat, Sirkka, and Heinke Heise. "Towards an Understanding of the Behavioral Intentions and Actual Use of Smart Products among German Farmers." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126666.

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Innovative technologies in the context of smart farming are expected to play a significant role in the adaptation of the agricultural sector to climate change and sustainable agriculture. However, the adoption of smart farming solutions, in this case so-called smart products, depends indispensably on the acceptance of farmers. For this reason, it is important to develop an understanding of what determinants are decisive for farmers in the adoption of these technologies. In order to address this research gap, farmers in Germany were surveyed via a large-scale online survey in 2020 (n = 523). Based on an extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, a Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was performed. The results indicate that hedonic motivation significantly influences farmers’ behavioral intention to use smart products. In addition, behavioral intention is affected by social determinants and the personal performance expectations of smart products. Trust, as well as facilitating conditions, also has an impact on behavioral intention. Furthermore, facilitating conditions are an important determinant of the actual use behavior. In addition, use behavior is influenced by behavioral intention. It was further found that technology readiness plays a significant role in the adoption of smart products. Moderating effects of age, work experience, and farm size were identified that influence farmers’ willingness to use smart products. The study holds important managerial implications for technology companies in the field of smart farming and can help develop approaches for tailored technical solutions that meet farmers’ needs.

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Grund, Charlotte, Christof Neumann, Klaus Zuberbühler, and Thibaud Gruber. "Necessity creates opportunities for chimpanzee tool use." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 1136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz062.

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AbstractAlthough social transmission mechanisms of animal cultures are well studied, little is known about the origins of behavioral innovations, even in established tool users such as chimpanzees. Previous work has suggested that wild chimpanzees are especially prone to engaging with tools during extended periods of low food availability and after long travel, supporting the hypothesis that cultural innovation is facilitated by necessity revealing opportunities. Here, we tested this hypothesis with a field experiment that directly compared subjects’ immediate variation in measures of current energy balance with their interest in a novel foraging problem, liquid honey enclosed in an apparatus accessible by tool use. We found that the previous distance traveled directly predicted subjects’ manipulations of both the apparatus and the tool, whereas previous feeding time was negatively correlated to manipulation time. We conclude that “necessity” augments chimpanzees’ likelihood of engaging with ecological “opportunities,” suggesting that both factors are scaffolding foraging innovation in this and potentially other species.

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Lenz, Katrina R., Laurie A. Mitan, Susan R. Kleinhenz, and Abigail Matthews. "When Outpatient Care Is Not Enough: Successful Use of an Inpatient Behavioral Intervention for a Child With ARFID." Clinical Case Studies 17, no. 6 (August 29, 2018): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650118796562.

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Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by restrictive eating in the absence of body image disturbance or drive for thinness, resulting in the persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs and/or psychosocial impairment. ARFID is a heterogeneous diagnosis with diverse etiologies. Thus, identification of best practice guidelines and evidence-based treatments for ARFID is challenging and, to our knowledge, randomized treatment studies have not been published. Existing literature promotes a multidisciplinary care approach that integrates behavioral, cognitive behavioral, and family-based interventions. In this report, we present the case of an 8-year-old female with ARFID who began restricting her food and fluid intake following a viral illness. The patient also choked on a lozenge at school and peers laughed in response, resulting in heightened fears of eating, subsequent dehydration, and admission to a gastroenterology unit at a pediatric hospital. While hospitalized, she was diagnosed with ARFID, a nasogastric tube (NGT) was placed, and was referred to outpatient eating disorder specialists. Despite participating in 16-outpatient therapy sessions, progress was limited and the patient was medically admitted to safely remove the NGT in the context of behavioral interventions targeting food refusal. This case report describes the successful use of an intensive inpatient behavioral intervention used for the patient, which resulted in the rapid resumption of food and fluid intake, by mouth. This case study supports the use of such intervention for ARFID when sufficient progress is not achieved in outpatient care.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioral energy use'

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