Academic literature on the topic 'Behavioral psychology'

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Journal articles on the topic "Behavioral psychology"

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TAKOOSHIAN, Harold. "Armenian-Americans in the Behavioral Sciences." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 18, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v18i2.374.

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How much are U.S. Armenians involved in psychology and the behavioural sciences? This three-part review details: (1) The origin of the Armenian Behavioral Science Association (ABSA) on 31 August 1987 in New York City. (2) Some highlights of U.S. Armenians involved in the behavioural sciences in general, and psychology in particular. (3) In conclusion, the value of a cross-national census of indigenous Armenian behavioural scientists.
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Kipnis, David. "Psychology and behavioral technology." American Psychologist 42, no. 1 (1987): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.42.1.30.

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Bouteska, Ahmed, and Boutheina Regaieg. "Psychology and behavioral finance." EuroMed Journal of Business 15, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-08-2018-0052.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detect quantitatively the existence of anchoring bias among financial analysts on the Tunisian stock market. Both non-parametric and parametric methods are used. Design/methodology/approach Two studies have been conducted over the period 2010–2014. A first analysis is non-parametric, based on observations of the sign taking by the surprise of result announcement according to the evolution of earning per share (EPS). A second analysis uses simple and multiple linear regression methods to quantify the anchor bias. Findings Non-parametric results show that in the majority of cases, the earning per share variations are followed by unexpected earnings surprises of the same direction, which verify the hypothesis of an anchoring bias of financial analysts to the past benefits. Parametric results confirm these first findings by testing different psychological anchors’ variables. Financial analysts are found to remain anchored to the previous benefits and carry out insufficient adjustments following the announcement of the results by the companies. There is also a tendency for an over/under-reaction in changes in forecasts. Analysts’ behavior is asymmetrical depending on the sign of the forecast changes: an over-reaction for positive prediction changes and a negative reaction for negative prediction changes. Originality/value The evidence provided in this paper largely validates the assumptions derived from the behavioral theory particularly the lessons learned by Kaestner (2005) and Amir and Ganzach (1998). The authors conclude that financial analysts on the Tunisian stock market suffer from anchoring, optimism, over and under-reaction biases when announcing the earnings.
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O'Brien, John S. "Psychology, a behavioral overview." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(92)90027-g.

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Macdonald, Paul S. "Francis bacon's behavioral psychology." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 43, no. 3 (2007): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20240.

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Horike, Kazuya. "Positive Psychology and Behavioral Sciences." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 9, no. 2 (2004): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.9.2_64.

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Behrend, Dawn. "Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection." Charleston Advisor 23, no. 3 (January 1, 2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.3.47.

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Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection is a primarily full-text journal database published by EBSCO Publishing Inc. for use by mental health practitioners, behavioral science researchers, and students at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Holdings include nearly 600 titles of which the vast majority are peer-reviewed and/or full-text. This database is touted for offering 290 full-text journals which are indexed in APA PsycInfo and which have the capability of being linked to results in PsycInfo for subscribing institutions. The EBSCOhost platform is intuitive and user-friendly with a variety of authentication methods and compatible browsers. In comparison to such competitive products as APA PsycArticles and ProQuest Psychology Database, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection offers sufficient unique content and number of full-text journals indexed in PsycInfo to justify its purchase either in addition to these products or as a standalone database. All three products are cross-searchable with PsycInfo with a subscription. Those institutions seeking more extensive historical content, greater depth of coverage of a range of subjects in the behavioral sciences, access to APA published journals or the specialized Thesaurus of Psychologist Index Terms, or who prefer the ProQuest or APA PsycNet platform may consider PsycArticles and/or Psychology Database as alternative subscription options.
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Maes, Michael. "Clinical psychology and behavioral medicine." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 10, no. 6 (November 1997): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199711000-00007.

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Cuthbert, Bruce, and Graham Turpin. "Clinical psychology and behavioral medicine." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 8, no. 6 (November 1995): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199511000-00009.

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Iwamasa, Gayle Y., and Sonya K. Smith. "Ethnic Diversity in Behavioral Psychology." Behavior Modification 20, no. 1 (January 1996): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455960201002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Behavioral psychology"

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Wrenn, Sara Cordelia. "Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and spontaneous attribution." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11062007-202035/.

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Multilevel linear modeling was used to evaluate the effects of situation- and individual-level variables on participants? appraisals of event outcomes. Situation vignettes were manipulated to have positive or negative and expected or unexpected outcomes; 180 undergraduate participants rated the valence and expectedness of these outcomes and completed Carver & White?s (1994) BIS/BAS scales. BIS/BAS scores accounted for significant variability in individuals? ratings of outcome valence and expectedness, beyond the significant main effects of the situational manipulations, and despite strong consensus on the direction of the manipulations. Results suggest that individuals vary in their appraisals of relatively unambiguous situations, and that individual differences in dispositional behavioral inhibition and activation systematically explain a meaningful component of this variation. These results suggest that further studies are warranted, to assess whether BIS and BAS are predictive of participants? propensities to engage in causal thinking in response to the same vignette manipulations, and whether BIS and BAS exert effects on causal thinking other than as a function of differences in appraisal.
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Williams, Jessica K. "Consultee-centered consultation within community-based residences for individuals with disabilities." Thesis, Alfred University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3737729.

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Managing the behavioral needs of individuals with developmental disabilities has been a long-standing concern for group home managers and direct care staff. Consultee-centered consultation has a history of documented benefits for children in schools and was theorized to be beneficial to adults with developmental disabilities residing in group homes. Adults with disabilities continue to experience behavioral difficulties while staff lack the training to maintain quality support services. Caplan’s consultee-centered consultation (1993) bridges the gap between client centered behavioral consultation and consultee effectiveness in addressing client behavioral concerns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consultee-centered consultation on client behavior and the group home environment. Three community-based group homes were chosen to participate in this study using matched assignment. Participants included ten clients with challenging behaviors, two consultees (managers of group-homes), three data collectors and direct-care staff working with clients. This study showed encouraging support of a decrease in the frequency of challenging behaviors exhibited by clients residing in two group homes that received consultee-centered consultation for twelve and six weeks. The level of job satisfaction for employees participating in this study did not demonstrate change over the course of the 15-week study. Despite a lack of support for a change in employee satisfaction, both consultees receiving consultee-centered consultation reported that consultation helped them to address staff concerns and improvements in their level of confidence and skills.

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Rinehart, Brenda L. "How Christian leaders become their best-self| A generic qualitative study." Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105296.

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The literature supports that as leaders pursue personal and professional growth, they achieve a sense of well-being, become healthier, more engaged, and more productive. This study explores how Christian leaders who have a strong core spiritual identity experience growth toward their best-self. According to the literature, the best-self is a positive psychology approach to personal growth that utilizes a person’s natural strengths and skills to describe one’s personal best. Adult identity development is multifaceted and influenced by numerous factors. A spiritual identity built upon strong beliefs results in a salient identity that influences every part of one’s life. Utilizing a generic qualitative methodology and a snowball sampling strategy, eight participants were interviewed. Multiple consistent themes were identified in the data: (a) an integration of spiritual identity (b) enhanced self-awareness (c) saliency of spiritual identity, (c) roles and motivations defined by faith, (d) altruism, (e) role identity as a calling, (f) faith-based decision-making, (g) intrapersonal and interpersonal prayer, a personal relationship with God, (h) the need to be supported by like-minded individuals, (i) the alignment of organizational values and personal values, and (j) personal growth defined by God. One unexpected finding was the way the participants defined best-self. Based on their narratives, the participants viewed their best-self, including their talents and abilities, as being defined by God, stating that to become the person that God designed them to be would be achieving best-self. The significance of spirituality in the workplace was discovered through the participants’ experiences. This was also supported in the literature. These themes are presented and explored along with recommendations for future research.

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Parsons, Mickey. "Positive Psychology Coaching and Its Impact on Midlife Executives." Thesis, California Southern University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283810.

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Scope of Study: This study was designed to investigate the lived experiences of middle to executive level leaders who participated in positive psychology coaching during midlife. Through personal interviews, participants shared comprehensive descriptions of their experiences in an effort to provide a deep understanding of the ways in which they benefited both personally and professionally while facing challenges typically associated with middle age.

Findings and Conclusions: This study generated three major findings that support this effort (1) participating in positive psychology executive coaching provides focus and confidence that facilitates personal and professional growth during midlife by helping clients identify and overcome real life and work challenges while pursuing their over-arching goals; (2) the coaching experience and associated results largely vary from participant to participant based on their wants, goals and aspirations for the future; and (3) the client’s perception of coaching impact was tied, at least in part to the length of coaching, the quality of their relationship with the coach and a perceived positive experience. These results support the employment of positive psychology interventions as part of an executive coaching engagement, showing that to do so with midlife clients not only supports their goal achievement, but also facilitates resolution of other work and life challenges over time and within a quality client-coach relationship.

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Xanthos, Evan D. "Angiotensin-II receptor blocker and its effects on depressive-like behavior during maternal separation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1437154659.

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Bimaj, Arjola. "Psychology of pricing." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162611.

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Price is the element of the marketing mix that has direct effect in the profits of a company. The right price can boost the profit and the wrong price can significantly shrink it. Thus, the businesses need to set the right price in order to maximize their revenues. However, the newest factors in the economic field, the continuous changes in the environment and the current financial situation in the world has eroded the pricing power and forces the managers to look in every direction in order to be able and keep up with the changes. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to study the psychology of pricing related to the factors that affect the consumers' psychology and behavior when it comes to purchasing decision. The information will be then useful inputs for the companies in order to understand these factors and use them to set the most suitable pricing method for their product.
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Cronberg, Emma, and Magdalena Peters. "Comparing a Behavioral and a Non-Behavioral Parenting Program for Children With Externalizing Behavior Problems." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15656.

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In this study we compared two theoretically different parenting programs for children with externalizing behavior problems, one behavioral, Comet, and one non-behavioral, Connect. Participants were 209 parents with children ages 8-12 who were randomized to the two programs. Parents experienced markedly less child externalizing behavior problems, both conduct problems and ADHD symptoms, as well as increased competence, improved family climate, and decreased emotional dyscontrol and levels of stress after both programs. The differences in effects between the programs were small and only measures of use of specific behavioral techniques had medium effects in favor of Comet. Thus, both Comet and Connect appear to be effective interventions but more research is needed, especially concerning long-term evaluations.
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Patel, Meg. "Further Comparison of Preference for Intervention With and Without Restricted Topics." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3711.

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Previous research has shown that individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may dwell on restricted topics of interest during conversations (Mercier et al., 2000; Smerbeck, 2019). Stocco et al. (in press) found that individuals may prefer a conversational-skill intervention that includes access to restricted topics over an intervention that only provides high-quality attention for speech about experimenter-led topics. We replicated and extended Stocco et al. in two ways. First, we evaluated if speech about restricted topics (a) occurred at high levels and (b) was sensitive to interested responses from a listener. Second, we experimentally evaluated the additive effects of using restricted topics as reinforcement on participant preference for intervention. Finally, we sought to evaluate the reliability and generality of previous findings by conducting this study using telehealth. All participants spoke about restricted topics at high levels, and their speech was sensitive to different qualities of attention. Additionally, two out of three participants preferred an intervention with access to restricted topics, compared to an intervention that only included differential attention. These outcomes may have implications for practitioners who are asked to conduct virtual assessments or interventions for clients who engage in speech about restricted topics.
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Wong, Daphne S. L. "Exploring the impact of team building on group cohesion of a multicultural team." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602057.

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This research explored the topic of team building for a multicultural team and investigated the impact on group cohesion. The participants were members of a work group, each of a different nationality. Review of existing literature revealed a list of team building elements most suited for the multicultural context. A team building program incorporating those elements and customized for the participant group was designed and implemented. Pre and post survey data showed no significant difference in group cohesion, although there was a slight increase in the score for task cohesion. Qualitative interview data, however, suggested a positive impact on group cohesion, with the impact perceived to be greater on task cohesion than social cohesion. Elements of the team building program that were found to be the most impactful were: it provided an opportunity to generate a deeper awareness of others, it provided an opportunity to generate deeper self-awareness, it provided a platform for team collaboration, and it contained fun and interesting activities.

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Orey, Maureen. "It Worth It? The Career Benefits and Return on Investment of Volunteer Leadership as Perceived by Chapter Leaders in a Professional Talent Development Association." Thesis, Brandman University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10132132.

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PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify the career benefits and calculate the return on investment (ROI) of unpaid volunteer leadership as perceived by chapter leaders in a professional talent development industry association. The definition of career benefits was adapted from Hirschi’s Career Resources Model, which includes: social capital, human capital, career identity and psychological resources (2012). Additionally, this study used the ROI Institute’s ROI MethodologyTM to identify and calculate the costs and benefits of volunteer leadership to determine the ROI of time served as an unpaid volunteer leader (2013).

METHODS. This descriptive mixed-method study gathered quantitative and qualitative data via an online survey and semi-structured telephone interviews from 40 volunteer chapter leaders of the Association for Talent Development (ATD).

FINDINGS. There were multiple positive findings and several levels of ROI data documenting the strong value of volunteer leadership in a professional talent development association, and also demonstrating that there is very positive return from giving back to the profession. By giving their time and sometimes their money, volunteer leaders reaped multiple career benefits such as skill development, deeper relationships, publishing, contracts, speaking opportunities, new jobs and promotions. These specific career benefits resulted in a very significant positive financial ROI of 246%.

CONCLUSIONS. This study proved the paradox of volunteer leadership — often the main motivator is to give back, however what volunteer leaders receive is so much more. There is a strong tangible return on investment, as well as numerous intangible career benefits for serving as a volunteer leader in a professional talent development association. RECOMMENDATIONS. This study provides ideas for leveraging the value of volunteer leadership for individuals, associations and organizations. Individuals can improve or enhance their social capital, human capital, psychological resources and career identity. Associations can use this data to provide clear evidence of the value of volunteer leadership. Finally, corporations can encourage volunteer leadership as a tool to enhance or accelerate the leadership development of employees while also supporting professional industry associations.

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Books on the topic "Behavioral psychology"

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Luiselli, James K., and Derek D. Reed, eds. Behavioral Sport Psychology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0070-7.

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Ruggeri, Kai. Psychology and Behavioral Economics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003181873.

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Ninness, H. A. Chris, Glen McCuller, and Lisa Ozenne. School and Behavioral Psychology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4355-8.

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Peter, Fittskirk, and Shohov Serge P, eds. Focus on behavioral psychology. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003.

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D, Poling Alan, ed. Psychology: A behavioral overview. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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Krug, Ronald S. Behavioral sciences. 4th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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R, Cass Alvah, ed. Behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Krug, Ronald S. Behavioral sciences. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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R, Cass Alvah, ed. Behavioral sciences. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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University of Oklahoma. Health Sciences Center, ed. Behavioral sciences. Oklahoma City, Okla.]: University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City Campus, Health Sciences Center, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Behavioral psychology"

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Patterson, Wayne, and Cynthia E. Winston-Proctor. "Psychology and Cybersecurity." In Behavioral Cybersecurity, 23–25. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429461484-3.

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Eysenck, H. J. "Behavioral Psychotherapy." In Clinical Psychology, 417–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9715-2_16.

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Shelton, Terri L., Arthur D. Anastopoulos, and Charles H. Elliott. "Behavioral Medicine." In Clinical Psychology, 443–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9715-2_17.

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Chatterjee, Swarn, and Joseph Goetz. "Behavioral Finance." In Client Psychology, 11–18. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119440895.ch2.

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Patterson, Wayne, and Cynthia E. Winston-Proctor. "The Psychology of Gender." In Behavioral Cybersecurity, 80–85. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003052029-10.

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Ricciardi, Victor. "the Psychology of Risk." In Behavioral Finance, 131–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118258415.ch8.

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Patterson, Wayne, and Cynthia E. Winston-Proctor. "The Psychology of Gender." In Behavioral Cybersecurity, 115–20. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429461484-15.

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Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer, et al. "Abnormal Psychology." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100007.

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Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer, et al. "Adolescent Psychology." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100034.

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Upchurch Sweeney, C. Renn, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Chad Barrett, Ana Victoria Soto, William Whang, Carolyn Korbel, et al. "Developmental Psychology." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 573. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100457.

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Conference papers on the topic "Behavioral psychology"

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Jeong, Ansuk. "TEACHING BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN PSYCHOLOGY." In 34th International Academic Conference, Florence. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.034.022.

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Tran, Xuan. "Consumers’ Feedback in Mathematics and Psychology Proceeding." In The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2024. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2187-4743.2024.11.

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Seibt, Tatjana, and Michael Hager. "Behavioral Patterns among the Business Psychology Students." In The 5th Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2017.5.1.246.

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S.K., Berdibayeva, Massalimova A.R., Yelubayeva M.C., Imangaliyeva S., Mursaliyeva A., and Berdibayev S. "The Art of “Aitys” in Modern Ethnic Psychology of Kazakhstan." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp15.59.

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Hirata, Yutaro, Masako Iida, and Kayo Kamimura. "Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods in Clinical Psychology in Japan." In The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2024. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2187-4743.2024.31.

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"Social media, crowd psychology and public opinion special track." In 2017 International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, Socio-cultural Computing (BESC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/besc.2017.8256399.

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Auken, Hugh J. Van. "Psychopaths, Sociopaths, and Serial Killers: Engaging Undergraduate Students in Innovative Psychology Programming." In The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2024. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2187-4743.2024.12.

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Dannisworo, Cantyo Atindriyo, Dra Ina Saraswati, Adhityawarman Menaldi, and Lathifah Hanum. "Anger Management using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach in Dating Relationship." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp16.24.

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Shareh, Hossein, and Fatemeh Bazri. "A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Protocol for Trichotillomania: A Case Study." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp61.

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Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya. "Emotional Eating in Thai Adolescents: Examining the Eating Characteristics of a Vulnerable Group of Dieting Females." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp13.50.

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Reports on the topic "Behavioral psychology"

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Luoto, Jill, and Katherine Grace Carman. Behavioral Economics Guidelines with Applications for Health Interventions. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009206.

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Chronic diseases have risen in prominence in recent years and are now the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The rise in rates of obesity and aging populations are two primary drivers of this global trend, which is predicted to continue to rise in the absence of effective interventions. Notably, much of this disease burden is due to individual behaviors such as physical inactivity, tobacco use, poor eating habits, and lack of proper preventive care. The growing field of behavioral economics combines the fields of psychology and economics to present a potentially promising new understanding of the causes for when and why people's short term decisions often undermine their long-term interests, and people's behavior deviates from a fully rational model. This paper shows how, by incorporating these insights, behavioral economics may be used to inform the design of more effective health policies and projects.
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Corscadden, Louise, and Arpaporn Sutipatanasomboon. What Is Operant Behavior And How To Study It. Maze Engineers, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/me2022127.

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Operant behavior describes a type of voluntary goal-directed actions in animals based on the repercussions of previous occurrences. It develops when animals learn to specifically respond to recurring situations based on the outcome of their past experience. American psychologist B.F. Skinner was the first to use operant to describe the behaviors he observed in his landmark experiments in laboratory animals. Operant behavior and conditioning refine the nuance between conscious and unconscious behavioral responses, which influence psychology, and applied behavior analysis, and improve our understanding of addiction, substance dependence, child development, and decision-making.
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Rheinberger, Christoph, and Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.

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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Dinarte, Lelys, Pablo Egaña del Sol, and Claudia Martínez. When Emotion Regulation Matters: The Efficacy of Socio-Emotional Learning to Address School-Based Violence in Central America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012854.

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After-school programs (ASP) that keep youth protected while engaging them in socio-emotional learning might address school-based violent behaviors. This paper experimentally studies the socio-emotional-learning component of an ASP targeted to teenagers in public schools in the most violent neighborhoods of El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. Participant schools were randomly assigned to different ASP variations, some of them including psychology-based interventions. Results indicate that including psychology-based activities as part of the ASP increases by 23 percentage points the probability that students are well-behaved at school. The effect is driven by the most at-risk students. Using data gathered from task-based games and AI-powered emotion-detection algorithms, this paper shows that improvement in emotion regulation is likely driving the effect. When comparing a psychology-based curriculum aiming to strengthen participants' character and another based on mindfulness principles, results show that the latter improves violent behaviors while reducing school dropout.
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SOLOVEVA, N., and V. TARAKANOVA. TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-27-39.

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The article discusses technological approaches to training in Higher Education Institution. The essence of technological approach to training consists in the transformation of educational processes into process with the guaranteed result. It supplements scientific approaches of pedagogy, psychology, sociology and other directions of science and practice. Purpose. To reveal how technological approaches to training in higher education institution influence on knowledge got by students. Scientific novelty. The article reveals development of the personality, creative abilities and it is necessary to use technological approaches of training, various creative tasks, research projects at the lectures. On the first and second years of education the pedagogical technology which is based on motivation of educational cognitive activity through communication and cooperation influences on the intellectual and behavioral status of students. Training is more effective, than the better methodology and technology of educational process will be coordinated with technology of assimilation the knowledge. It is important that all students in a higher educational institution could acquire material and began to use it in practice in the work. The signs of technology, a model of pedagogical technology, the scheme of technological creation of educational process and the results of expense of time in digestion of material by students are described in the article. Technological approach modernizes training on a basis of activity of students. Thanks to it, students achieve goals in the form of assimilation the knowledge in easier and productive way. When using technological approach there is an involvement of each student in educational process, knowledge is put into practice, there is always an access to necessary information (including the Internet), there is a communication and cooperation not only with the lecturer, but also with fellow students and what is more important is a constant test of the forces for overcoming the arising problems. Features of pedagogical technologies consist in activity of the lecturers and students. The activity of the lecturers is in that he knows well psychological and personal features of students and can introduce amendments on the training process course. The lecturer, as directly, and by means of technical means carries out the organizing, operating, motivating and controlling functions in the course of training. Practical significance. The practical importance consists in the use in practice of technological approaches to training in Higher Education Institution that promotes the guaranteed achievement of the set educational objects, the organization of all course of training in compliance to the purposes and tasks, assessment of the current results and their correction in case of need and also final assessment of results.
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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Koomar, Saalim. What is 'Nudging' and How Does it Change Behaviour in Education? EdTech Hub, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.1011.

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This Learning Brief is part of the EdTech Hub Learning Brief Series, providing practical resources for people working to improve the use of technology in education. In this brief, we look at the behaviour change strategy of leveraging concise messages at strategic decision points (i.e., ‘nudging’) to influence the behaviour of a recipient towards a desired outcome. We focus on EdTech Hub’s work concerning nudge messaging. It builds on work from messaging interventions in Ghana and Kenya, linking these to the broader literature on the topic. It emphasises that although there is a strong and growing evidence base for nudge technologies, effective implementation remains dependent upon context-specific adaptation. It is not inevitable that nudge messaging interventions will lead to positive outcomes — indeed, outcomes are often mixed. It is therefore vital to understand the specific impacts of interventions on particular groups of recipients. We present findings and recommendations that should inform how nudging technologies in education are approached and what decision-makers need to consider in order to ensure uptake and minimise risks. Lastly, we explore areas that require further research, namely, the changing nature of nudging due to artificial intelligence, the safeguarding risks of nudging, persisting questions about cost-effectiveness, and how nudging can more specifically target learning. Keywords: Behavioural psychology; EdTech; education; messaging; nudging; participation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
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Yatsymirska, Mariya, and Bohdan Markevych. MEDIA TEXTS AND PERSUASION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12170.

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Abstract. The article clarifies specific concepts of persuasion in media texts; describes new techniques of media influence based on materials of online publications; shows the role of expressive means of language and emotions in visual communication. In social communication, persuasive logos refer to meaningful words and thoughts conveyed through mass media and logically perceived as a reasonable persuasion to proper actions based on the principles of morality, ethics, and culture; informational and influential accents. In modern science (Philosophy, Psychology, Rhetoric, Linguistics), logos has acquired not only new meanings, but also has become an important concept of rational expression of free ideas, meanings, reflections. From this perspective, new media serve as the most concentrated source of logosphere and eidosphere creation, which should be thoroughly studied and analyzed every day. The research on multimedia texts, genre diversity, new platforms, and online publications has significantly contributed to the Media Studies. Techniques of persuasive communication, methods of argumentation, and verbal tools form a separate area of the research within the field. Unlike manipulation, persuasion is the conscious use of written or spoken language, interactive visualization, and infographics to influence someone’s beliefs, views, or actions; gain someone’s support, approve the suggested ways of behavior, intentions, etc. Means of persuasion in media texts serve as logical information accents aimed at the proper perception of the corresponding meanings. In general, factors of persuasion are to influence the masses and the motivation of their actions, modify views, and form public opinion. In journalism, these are meaningful words, thoughts, principles of high-quality narrative with the use of convincing arguments, facts and, most importantly, positive intentions for the readers. Persuasive media texts exclude manipulation of public opinion, trust and people’s inclination to perceive doctrines imposed on them. Keywords: persuasion, concept, visual information, social communication.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.

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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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IDB Behavioral Economics Group: Project Highlights of the Last Decade. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003868.

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The IDB Behavioral Economics Group is an interdepartmental working group on behavioral economics. For nearly a decade, armed with the tools and insights offered by psychology and economics, the IDB has been partnering with local and national governments in Latin America and the Caribbean to promote knowledge related to individual and collective decision-making in the region. Through this work, we hope to serve our countries better and continue improving peoples' lives.
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