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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Behavioral psychology'

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1

Wrenn, Sara Cordelia. "Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and spontaneous attribution." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11062007-202035/.

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Multilevel linear modeling was used to evaluate the effects of situation- and individual-level variables on participants? appraisals of event outcomes. Situation vignettes were manipulated to have positive or negative and expected or unexpected outcomes; 180 undergraduate participants rated the valence and expectedness of these outcomes and completed Carver & White?s (1994) BIS/BAS scales. BIS/BAS scores accounted for significant variability in individuals? ratings of outcome valence and expectedness, beyond the significant main effects of the situational manipulations, and despite strong consensus on the direction of the manipulations. Results suggest that individuals vary in their appraisals of relatively unambiguous situations, and that individual differences in dispositional behavioral inhibition and activation systematically explain a meaningful component of this variation. These results suggest that further studies are warranted, to assess whether BIS and BAS are predictive of participants? propensities to engage in causal thinking in response to the same vignette manipulations, and whether BIS and BAS exert effects on causal thinking other than as a function of differences in appraisal.
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2

Williams, Jessica K. "Consultee-centered consultation within community-based residences for individuals with disabilities." Thesis, Alfred University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3737729.

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Managing the behavioral needs of individuals with developmental disabilities has been a long-standing concern for group home managers and direct care staff. Consultee-centered consultation has a history of documented benefits for children in schools and was theorized to be beneficial to adults with developmental disabilities residing in group homes. Adults with disabilities continue to experience behavioral difficulties while staff lack the training to maintain quality support services. Caplan’s consultee-centered consultation (1993) bridges the gap between client centered behavioral consultation and consultee effectiveness in addressing client behavioral concerns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consultee-centered consultation on client behavior and the group home environment. Three community-based group homes were chosen to participate in this study using matched assignment. Participants included ten clients with challenging behaviors, two consultees (managers of group-homes), three data collectors and direct-care staff working with clients. This study showed encouraging support of a decrease in the frequency of challenging behaviors exhibited by clients residing in two group homes that received consultee-centered consultation for twelve and six weeks. The level of job satisfaction for employees participating in this study did not demonstrate change over the course of the 15-week study. Despite a lack of support for a change in employee satisfaction, both consultees receiving consultee-centered consultation reported that consultation helped them to address staff concerns and improvements in their level of confidence and skills.

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Rinehart, Brenda L. "How Christian leaders become their best-self| A generic qualitative study." Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105296.

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The literature supports that as leaders pursue personal and professional growth, they achieve a sense of well-being, become healthier, more engaged, and more productive. This study explores how Christian leaders who have a strong core spiritual identity experience growth toward their best-self. According to the literature, the best-self is a positive psychology approach to personal growth that utilizes a person’s natural strengths and skills to describe one’s personal best. Adult identity development is multifaceted and influenced by numerous factors. A spiritual identity built upon strong beliefs results in a salient identity that influences every part of one’s life. Utilizing a generic qualitative methodology and a snowball sampling strategy, eight participants were interviewed. Multiple consistent themes were identified in the data: (a) an integration of spiritual identity (b) enhanced self-awareness (c) saliency of spiritual identity, (c) roles and motivations defined by faith, (d) altruism, (e) role identity as a calling, (f) faith-based decision-making, (g) intrapersonal and interpersonal prayer, a personal relationship with God, (h) the need to be supported by like-minded individuals, (i) the alignment of organizational values and personal values, and (j) personal growth defined by God. One unexpected finding was the way the participants defined best-self. Based on their narratives, the participants viewed their best-self, including their talents and abilities, as being defined by God, stating that to become the person that God designed them to be would be achieving best-self. The significance of spirituality in the workplace was discovered through the participants’ experiences. This was also supported in the literature. These themes are presented and explored along with recommendations for future research.

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4

Parsons, Mickey. "Positive Psychology Coaching and Its Impact on Midlife Executives." Thesis, California Southern University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283810.

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Scope of Study: This study was designed to investigate the lived experiences of middle to executive level leaders who participated in positive psychology coaching during midlife. Through personal interviews, participants shared comprehensive descriptions of their experiences in an effort to provide a deep understanding of the ways in which they benefited both personally and professionally while facing challenges typically associated with middle age.

Findings and Conclusions: This study generated three major findings that support this effort (1) participating in positive psychology executive coaching provides focus and confidence that facilitates personal and professional growth during midlife by helping clients identify and overcome real life and work challenges while pursuing their over-arching goals; (2) the coaching experience and associated results largely vary from participant to participant based on their wants, goals and aspirations for the future; and (3) the client’s perception of coaching impact was tied, at least in part to the length of coaching, the quality of their relationship with the coach and a perceived positive experience. These results support the employment of positive psychology interventions as part of an executive coaching engagement, showing that to do so with midlife clients not only supports their goal achievement, but also facilitates resolution of other work and life challenges over time and within a quality client-coach relationship.

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5

Xanthos, Evan D. "Angiotensin-II receptor blocker and its effects on depressive-like behavior during maternal separation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1437154659.

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6

Bimaj, Arjola. "Psychology of pricing." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162611.

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Price is the element of the marketing mix that has direct effect in the profits of a company. The right price can boost the profit and the wrong price can significantly shrink it. Thus, the businesses need to set the right price in order to maximize their revenues. However, the newest factors in the economic field, the continuous changes in the environment and the current financial situation in the world has eroded the pricing power and forces the managers to look in every direction in order to be able and keep up with the changes. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to study the psychology of pricing related to the factors that affect the consumers' psychology and behavior when it comes to purchasing decision. The information will be then useful inputs for the companies in order to understand these factors and use them to set the most suitable pricing method for their product.
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7

Cronberg, Emma, and Magdalena Peters. "Comparing a Behavioral and a Non-Behavioral Parenting Program for Children With Externalizing Behavior Problems." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15656.

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In this study we compared two theoretically different parenting programs for children with externalizing behavior problems, one behavioral, Comet, and one non-behavioral, Connect. Participants were 209 parents with children ages 8-12 who were randomized to the two programs. Parents experienced markedly less child externalizing behavior problems, both conduct problems and ADHD symptoms, as well as increased competence, improved family climate, and decreased emotional dyscontrol and levels of stress after both programs. The differences in effects between the programs were small and only measures of use of specific behavioral techniques had medium effects in favor of Comet. Thus, both Comet and Connect appear to be effective interventions but more research is needed, especially concerning long-term evaluations.
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8

Patel, Meg. "Further Comparison of Preference for Intervention With and Without Restricted Topics." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3711.

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Previous research has shown that individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may dwell on restricted topics of interest during conversations (Mercier et al., 2000; Smerbeck, 2019). Stocco et al. (in press) found that individuals may prefer a conversational-skill intervention that includes access to restricted topics over an intervention that only provides high-quality attention for speech about experimenter-led topics. We replicated and extended Stocco et al. in two ways. First, we evaluated if speech about restricted topics (a) occurred at high levels and (b) was sensitive to interested responses from a listener. Second, we experimentally evaluated the additive effects of using restricted topics as reinforcement on participant preference for intervention. Finally, we sought to evaluate the reliability and generality of previous findings by conducting this study using telehealth. All participants spoke about restricted topics at high levels, and their speech was sensitive to different qualities of attention. Additionally, two out of three participants preferred an intervention with access to restricted topics, compared to an intervention that only included differential attention. These outcomes may have implications for practitioners who are asked to conduct virtual assessments or interventions for clients who engage in speech about restricted topics.
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Wong, Daphne S. L. "Exploring the impact of team building on group cohesion of a multicultural team." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602057.

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This research explored the topic of team building for a multicultural team and investigated the impact on group cohesion. The participants were members of a work group, each of a different nationality. Review of existing literature revealed a list of team building elements most suited for the multicultural context. A team building program incorporating those elements and customized for the participant group was designed and implemented. Pre and post survey data showed no significant difference in group cohesion, although there was a slight increase in the score for task cohesion. Qualitative interview data, however, suggested a positive impact on group cohesion, with the impact perceived to be greater on task cohesion than social cohesion. Elements of the team building program that were found to be the most impactful were: it provided an opportunity to generate a deeper awareness of others, it provided an opportunity to generate deeper self-awareness, it provided a platform for team collaboration, and it contained fun and interesting activities.

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Orey, Maureen. "It Worth It? The Career Benefits and Return on Investment of Volunteer Leadership as Perceived by Chapter Leaders in a Professional Talent Development Association." Thesis, Brandman University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10132132.

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PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify the career benefits and calculate the return on investment (ROI) of unpaid volunteer leadership as perceived by chapter leaders in a professional talent development industry association. The definition of career benefits was adapted from Hirschi’s Career Resources Model, which includes: social capital, human capital, career identity and psychological resources (2012). Additionally, this study used the ROI Institute’s ROI MethodologyTM to identify and calculate the costs and benefits of volunteer leadership to determine the ROI of time served as an unpaid volunteer leader (2013).

METHODS. This descriptive mixed-method study gathered quantitative and qualitative data via an online survey and semi-structured telephone interviews from 40 volunteer chapter leaders of the Association for Talent Development (ATD).

FINDINGS. There were multiple positive findings and several levels of ROI data documenting the strong value of volunteer leadership in a professional talent development association, and also demonstrating that there is very positive return from giving back to the profession. By giving their time and sometimes their money, volunteer leaders reaped multiple career benefits such as skill development, deeper relationships, publishing, contracts, speaking opportunities, new jobs and promotions. These specific career benefits resulted in a very significant positive financial ROI of 246%.

CONCLUSIONS. This study proved the paradox of volunteer leadership — often the main motivator is to give back, however what volunteer leaders receive is so much more. There is a strong tangible return on investment, as well as numerous intangible career benefits for serving as a volunteer leader in a professional talent development association. RECOMMENDATIONS. This study provides ideas for leveraging the value of volunteer leadership for individuals, associations and organizations. Individuals can improve or enhance their social capital, human capital, psychological resources and career identity. Associations can use this data to provide clear evidence of the value of volunteer leadership. Finally, corporations can encourage volunteer leadership as a tool to enhance or accelerate the leadership development of employees while also supporting professional industry associations.

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11

Wessner, Meredith B. "THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON PAIN AND DAILY LIVING IN FIBROMYALGIA." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1305225969.

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12

Cavanaugh, Jennifer A. "Does the way we measure fit matter?| Predicting behaviors and attitudes using different measures of fit." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10109998.

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The literature on person-organization (P-O) fit has been plagued with inconsistencies in the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of P-O fit. Despite numerous studies examining the relationship between P-O fit and outcomes, these inconsistencies in measurement and operationalization have led to mixed findings concerning specific individual outcomes. The goal of this dissertation was to address some of these inconsistencies by examining the relationship between P-O fit, using perceived and subjective measures of fit, and attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. In addition, previously unexplored mediators of the P-O fit-outcome relationships were examined. Although not formally hypothesized, it was believed that the magnitude of the relationships would differ such that perceived fit would have a stronger relationship with attitudinal outcomes than subjective fit, and that subjective fit would have a stronger relationship with job performance than perceived fit.

A sample of 188 entry-level managerial employees, working in a national transportation organization, was used to examine the relationship between P-O fit and job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors and turnover intentions) and supervisor rated job performance. The results of this dissertation suggest that perceived fit is related to positive attitudes and better job performance. Furthermore, perceived organizational support partially mediates the relationship between perceived fit and the attitudinal outcomes studied, lending partial support for hypotheses. Role ambiguity was also examined as a potential mediator between fit and job performance, however, although perceived fit was significantly related to role ambiguity, the results did not support the relationship between role ambiguity and job performance. Tests of the specific hypotheses for subjective fit were not supported. Instead, the results indicated that organizational values, rather than fit between person and organizational values, were a strong predictor of attitudinal outcomes.

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Collier, Misty L. "The influence of culture on the relationship between perceptions of management of behavior and organizational commitment." Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10164297.

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This study examined the relationship between employees’ Organizational Commitment and the perception of the management of deviant behavior and examined if Organizational Culture moderated the strength of the relationship between Organizational Commitment and the perception of the management of deviant behavior. Three assessments were administered either electronically or in hardcopy form and were completed by 114 participants who were employed adults ages 18 and above, managed by someone else, in the southeastern U.S. The Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI) developed by Cooke and Lafferty (2013) measured overall Organizational Culture of employees at an individual level of assessment. The instrument used to measure employee Organizational Commitment was the TCM Employee Commitment Survey (Wellspring Worldwide, LLC, 2010). The instrument used to measure the perception of the management of deviant behavior was derived from a non-self-report measure created by Stewart, Bing, Davidson, Woehr, and McIntyre (2009). A moderated multiple regression analysis determined that the relationship between the perception of the management of deviant behavior and organizational commitment was not predicted by a constructive, aggressive/defensive, or passive/defensive culture style. The study found that the perception of the management of deviant behavior did not have a statistically significant predictive relationship with regards to organizational commitment, nor did workplace culture moderate the perceptions or attitudes of employees. The empirical evidence provided in this study enhanced the body of knowledge related to workplace culture. Specifically, the results of the study provided quantitative information, which provided a valuable understanding that a macro-variable such as workplace culture does not necessarily attenuate the relationship between perception of management and organizational commitment within certain diverse workplaces.

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Meyer, Nanette R. "A phenomenological exploration of followers' well-being as influenced by their authentic leaders." Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10164298.

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This transcendental phenomenological study sought to understand how the followers of authentic leaders in a multi-national healthcare organization experienced well-being. Twenty followers of 5 authentic leaders participated in the research and shared their lived experiences. Followers reported they experienced workplace well-being by maintaining work-life balance, feeling fulfilled/doing meaningful work, and feeling appreciated/recognized for their contributions. Workplace well-being was experienced as a result of their perceptions of feeling trusted and cared about as a whole being and not just an employee by their leaders. Followers also reported that the organizational culture provided support for leaders to demonstrate behaviors of authentic leadership, caring, trust, appreciation, respect, valuing others, openness, honesty, and transparency, which led them to feel an attachment to their leaders and organizations. Followers were motivated to exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors by providing extra or discretionary effort beyond their expected role requirements. These findings indicate that authentic leaders can provide value by cultivating well-being in the workplace. Findings also suggest recommendations for establishing organizational best practices.

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Ehret, Michael Gregory. "Situational Awareness and Transparency as Core Concepts of Authentic Leadership." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10844017.

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There is not a common, agreed upon definition of authentic leadership. There are varying opinions as to whether authenticity is a trait or a style; however, most scholars believe authenticity is a purpose and value based characteristic (Gardner, Cogliser, Davis, & Dickens, 2011) that is developed over time (George, 2003). Transparency is a core concept of authentic leadership, and situational awareness is a critical skill for leaders to determine the degree of transparency that they should demonstrate. There is limited theoretical and empirical research on how transparency and self-monitoring can be used in conjunction with situational leadership and situational awareness theory. This study measures the impact of a leader’s expression of transparency on follower’s confidence in his or her ability with consideration of a number of covariates. The findings of this study are intended to help advance authentic leadership theory with specific focus on situational awareness and transparency as core concepts of authenticity. Implications are discussed on the advancement of leadership theory, authentic leadership, and transparency as a core concept of authenticity.

Data collection used Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and yielded 1,006 global participants who met the inclusion criteria. In general, higher degrees of leadership transparency yield higher levels of follower confidence. Situation can impact how expressions of transparency impact follower confidence. Thus, situational awareness and situational leadership are critical competencies for leaders to use transparency effectively. Leader-Member Exchange does not, generally, moderate the relationship between a leader’s transparency and his or her follower’s confidence. There was statistical significance in the difference in responses between geographies, but there were not statistically significant differences in the results when considering gender, years of work experience, education, age, and race in the US.

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Zuniga, Ruth. "The influence of group medical visits on patients' behavioral intentions, self-management behaviors, and clinical outcomes." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561520.

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Diabetes is linked to behavior and requires patients to engage in complex self-management practices to attain glycemic control and prevent complications. Group medical visits (GMVs)—which are shared medical appointments used in primary care—provide a model of care to help patients adhere to self-management behaviors. Developing, implementing, and translating this model of care in a clinical setting has proven challenging, and the underlying mechanisms related to improved outcomes found in participants of GMVs are undetermined. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate GMVs for diabetes care in a primary-care and residency-training facility and explore changes in behavioral intentions, self-management behaviors, and blood HbA1c levels. The study also explored whether behavioral intentions and self-management behaviors functioned as mediators of changes in HbA1C levels.

A repeated measures design with 37 participants examined the behavioral intentions to diet, to exercise, and to adhere to medication; self-management behaviors (i.e., diet, exercise, and adherence to medication); and HbA 1C levels of participants with Type 2 diabetes during and after the GMVs. Behavioral intentions and self-management behaviors were measured through self-report instruments at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up; HbA1C values were measured at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Self-reported adherence to diet changed significantly from baseline to posttreatment and remained at 3-month follow-up.

Self-reported exercise changed significantly from baseline to posttreatment; changes were not sustained at 3-month follow-up. Clinical and statically significant changes in HbA1C levels were seen at 3-month follow-up. A reduction of 0.7% in blood glucose levels was observed; the majority of the participants (59.5%) attained diabetes control at 3-month follow-up. No mediation relationship was found between behavioral intentions, self-management behaviors, and HbA 1C levels.

This study is the first reported examination of GMVs that found significance in biophysical outcomes without research-based funding. GMVs focused on health-behavior change can be executed and sustained in primary care and residency-training facilities. This program modality is a promising model of care for motivated patients and may help patients reach self-care goals and diabetes control. Future research with a larger sample size and a control group is needed to enhance the current findings.

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Waung, Marie Pauline. "The effects of behavioral and cognitive/affective coping orientation on job withdrawal behaviors /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779439846485.

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18

Aguilar, Juliana. "The Effects of Culturally-based Accommodations on Behavioral Skills Training." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850732.

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) come from different ethnicities and backgrounds. With the growing Hispanic population and increased prevalence of ASD, it is imperative that our evidence-based practices support and assist Hispanic families. Behavioral Skills Training (BST) is a supported practice that satisfies evidence-based criteria and has been used to train caregivers in applied behavior analysis (ABA) techniques to teach their children new skills and manage challenging behaviors. We completed a quality improvement project on a BST based parent training program used to teach parents ABA interventions. We evaluated the fidelity of implementation of the intervention during a training provided in English via a video interpreter and fidelity of implementation during a training provided with cultural accommodations (a bilingual clinician and documentation translated into the participant’s dominant language). Fidelity of implementation was evaluated with a clinician and with the participant’s child during in-vivo trials. This program was completed with three participants using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across skills for each participant. BST with cultural accommodations was needed for training to mastery in at least one ABA intervention across all participants, however the skill that required accommodations varied. For some, there was a clear difference between rates of acquisition in clinician trials and in-vivo trials. Social validity measures showed that parent preference for treatment presentation was related to their response on level of proficiency in either language.

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Bakarich, Whitney Shea. "Effects of variability in duration and delay of reinforcement on food responding in rats." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1570462.

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Understanding the variables that maintain reinforcer effectiveness has important implications for basic research to inform applied behavior analysis. The goal of the current study was to investigate the combined effects of rate of reinforcement and variability in duration and delay of reinforcement on within-session changes in operant responding in two experiments. In each experiment, Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) lever pressed for liquid sucrose on three fixed interval (FI) schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, subjects lever pressed for liquid sucrose on either a constant or a varied duration of access to reinforcement. In Experiment 2, subjects were exposed to a constant or variable delay of reinforcement. Results showed two fundamental properties of behavior undergoing habituation. First, within-session decreases in responding were steeper (greater habituation) at higher rates of reinforcement than at lower rates. Second, within-session rates of responding declined more slowly (slower habituation) when access to the reinforcer was presented in a variable versus constant manner. Because habituation occurs for both ingestive and noningestive stimuli, the present study adds to the body of literature on habituation and can inform clinical practice on the variables that sustain operant behavior through varying the delivery of the reinforcer.

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Bullard, González Alfredo, Domingo Rivarola, Crovetto Guillermo Cabieses, and Rozas Freddy Escobar. "Discussion on the contribution of behavioral psychology and neuroscience in Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122648.

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The current round table gathers four renowned specialists infields such as Law and Economics, Civil Law, Litigation, and others, inorder to discuss the relevance and impact of the development of behavioral psychology and neuroscience in Law. thus, the guests addressthe criticism directed from the mentioned study fields to the modelof individual rationality that underlies traditional legal institutions.
La presente mesa redonda convoca a cuatro reconocidos especialistas en materias como el Análisis económico del Derecho, Derecho Civil, Derecho Procesal, entre otras, con la finalidad de discutir la relevancia e impacto que tienen los recientes descubrimientos realizados por el desarrollo de la psicología conductual y las neurociencias en el Derecho. De esta forma, los invitados abordan el cuestionamiento que se dirige desde las áreas de estudio referidas hacia el modelo de racionalidad individual que subyace a las instituciones jurídicas clásicas.
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Moscoso, Manolete S. "The health psychology: a multidisciplinary approach about stress and behavioral change." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102061.

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This article reviews research and professional trends in the field of health psychology and behavioral medicine. I also discuss recent research on stress, immune system, behavioral change and health promotion. An increasing focus on the human immunodeficiencyvirus (HN/AIDS) is very important given the Rde of health psychology in terms of prevencing further spread of the epidemic and in maintaining a good qualiry of life. I examined psychosocial and immune system stress responses in individuals before and after their nocification of HN status andas a consequence of stress management intervention procedures. Psychological and social factors in the development of illness are considered.
Este articulo revisa líneas de investigación y profesionales en el campo de la psicología de la salud y la medicina conductual. Se discuten investigaciones recientes acerca del estrés, el sistema inmunológico, los cambios conducruales y la promoción de la salud. Un énfasis en el virus de inmunodeficiencia (HN/SIDA) es muy importante dado el rol de la psicología de la salud para prevenir la expansión de la epidemia y mantener una buena calidad de vida. Se han examinado las respuestas psicosociales y del sistema inmunológico de individuos antes y después de ser notificados de su status de HN y como consecuencia de los procedimientos de intervención para manejar el estrés. Se consideran los factores psicológicos y sociológicos en el desarrollo de la enfermedad.
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Truc, Alexandre. "Transforming economics through psychology : an assessment of the behavioral economics 'revolution'." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080067/document.

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Si l'économie comportementale (EC) est désormais reconnue, de récents débats ont soulevé des questions quant à la nature de cette « révolution » pour l'économie. L’objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'EC d'un point de vue philosophique, sociologique et historique afin de cerner les enjeux qui entourent son émergence. Contrairement à une partie de la littérature qui tend à comparer l'EC, l’économie néoclassique et les hétérodoxies côte à côte, nous avons utilisé une approche kuhnienne actualisée mettant l’accent sur les interactions intra et interdisciplinaires. L’adoption de certaines postures rhétoriques ont conduit à ce que nous avons appelé une « révolution ambiguë » qui mélange des transformations majeures pour l'économie (rôle de l'interdisciplinarité) avec des éléments conservateurs visibles (structure formelle des modèles). Si l’EC a été adoptée par une partie importante des économistes, notre étude de cas portant sur des controverses récentes nous a amenés à soutenir que l’EC est localement incommensurable avec certaines approches défendant l’économie comme discipline autonome. Nous avons également mis en avant des interprétations conflictuelles sur la nature de l’EC à l’intérieur même du champ. En utilisant une approche quantitative, nous soutenons que la mobilité disciplinaire affichée par les fondateurs de l’EC a été interprétée de deux manières. Alors que certains plaident en faveur d'un retour à une « science normale », compatible avec le reste des sciences économiques, d'autres ont adopté l'interdisciplinarité pratiquée par les fondateurs pour repousser les frontières de l'économie dans des directions plus éloignées du cœur traditionnelle de l’économie
While Behavioral economics (BE) is successful, recent debates prompted questions about the nature of this 'revolution' for economics. The aim of this thesis is to investigate BE from a philosophical, sociological, and historical perspective to better qualify what the tensions and stakes surrounding the change brought about by it are. Contrasting with most of the literature that tends to compare BE, neoclassical economics, and heterodoxies side-by-side, we use an up-to-date Kuhnian approach to focus on intra and interdisciplinary interactions. Because of the role of outsiders in BE, its proponents adopted particular rhetorical stances that led to what we call a ‘revolution on the fence’ that mixes important transformations for economics (e.g. emphasis on interdisciplinarity and empirics) with visible conservative elements (e.g. structure of formal models). While many economists have partly adopted the practices introduced by BE, we argue based on a case-study of incommensurability in recent controversies that BE is locally incompatible with the strongest interpretations of the methodology of revealed preferences, as well as with the interpretation of economics as an insular disciplines. Moreover, we also find contradictory interpretations of what BE is within the field. Using quantitative and networks analysis, we argue that the initial disciplinary mobility displayed by BE’s founders, is interpreted in two ways. While some argue for a return to ‘normal science’ compatible with most of economics, others adopted the interdisciplinarity praised by BE’s founders to push the frontiers of economics in directions further away from the core of traditional economics concerns
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Dupuy, Jean-Bernard. "Behavioral charqacterization of apolipoprotein e-knockout mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30373.

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Apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoEKO) mice were characterized behaviorally to evaluate the impact of apolipoprotein E deficiency on spatial learning and memory function at different ages. Wild type and knockout mice were tested in two tasks assessing spatial memory function, Morris water maze (MWM) and Radial arm maze (RAM). Both young and aged apoEKO mice backcrossed six generations displayed deficits in the MWM. However, young and aged 10th generation apoEKO mice did not display any deficits in the MWM or the RAM when spatial cues that could be used to solve these tasks were provided. Removal of spatial cues after training had occurred also did not result in an impairment. In contrast, apoEKO mice were impaired when spatial cues were removed from the beginning of training. This result suggests that these mice are less able to utilize non-spatial cues to solve these tasks. The impairments observed in the MWM and RAM were not the result of impaired reference memory function, but rather appeared to arise from a dysfunction in working memory. Additional tests assessing sensorimotor gating function (Prepulse inhibition), and emotionality (the Open field, the Elevated plus maze) suggested that these cognitive deficits did not arise from alterations in sensorimotor gating function or emotionality, as both young and aged apoEKO mice performed at levels similar to those observed in their aged C57BL/6J control groups.
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Kelly, George III. "Identifying Predictor Characteristics of Cohort Influenced Donor Behavior in Non-Profit Organizations." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640926.

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Donor behavior in the non-profit organizational environment is a complex matrix of social influences that include social expectations from social media sites, direct cohort and peer influence, and perceptions of organizational performance, transparency and fundraising expenditures. A widespread general problem in non-profit organizations (NPOs) is that organizational members (cohorts) can exert an influence on the donor behavior of others, and organizational fundraising objectives can be adversely impacted. The purpose of this research was to identify those predictor characteristics that negatively influence donor behavior and would assist in minimizing costs associated with fundraising. I employed a quantitative study using a correlational design of multivariate analyses to identify a set of predictor characteristics originating from the influence of organizational cohorts on donor behavior. This study used a modified original survey to collect data from 244 non-randomized participants from the State of Colorado who donated to non-profit organizations (NPOs) in the last year.

A series of backward regressions produced five statistically significant models that showed positive correlations among the fifteen dependent variables that were included in the survey. In addition, the statistical evidence (p >.001) provided additional support for the three alternate hypotheses in all three research questions. In this study, I attempt to provide correlations that serve as predictor characteristics of cohort influence in the non-profit organizational environment. This data also provides additional information on donation behavior patterns for the three-key areas of interest: Donation Amounts, donation frequency, and volunteer hours. Additional research across other demographic and geographic areas is recommended.

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Leeming, Emily M. "Mental Toughness| An Investigation of Verbal Processes on Athletic Performance." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126158.

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Athletes are given many forms of advice about how to think in ways that promote persistence in the face of aversive and fatigue-producing events. This study evaluated the impact of different kinds of verbal statements on task persistence by athletes. Competitive CrossFit athletes from the Western United States were recruited to participate in one of two experiments. Experiment 1 employed a within subject, alternating treatments design (ATD); Experiment 2-used a pre-and-post group comparison. The ATD investigated the efficacy of three kinds of specific statements designed to increase performance during a demanding and stress-producing task: two were suggested by traditional sports psychology (a statement to focus on the task and a statement to distract from the task), and one suggested by Relational Frame Theory (RFT) and the concept of psychological flexibility (a statement to focus on willingness to persist in the face of aversive emotions). The pre/post group design aimed to replicate and statistically improve the power of the effects indicated in Experiment 1. Results from this program of research suggest that the statement focused on openness to experience improved task persistence significantly over baseline, and more so than a statement instructing athletes to distract themselves from the task. The willingness statement was also marginally more effective than the statement prompting the athletes to focus directly on the task.

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Meier, John George III. "The Relation among Employee Alignment, Perceived Organizational Support, and Employee Engagement." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28157641.

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As organizations struggle to become and remain competitive, the engagement of employees may be a critical enabler in achieving organizational goals, enhancing organizational competitiveness, and improving employee well-being. To this end, scholars have identified a continuing need for research focused on organizational factors within the purview of managers to improve the engagement of employees (Alagaraja & Shuck, 2015; Coyle-Shapiro & Shore, 2007; Eldor & Vigoda-Gadot, 2017; Oswick, 2015; Whittington et al., 2017; Whittington & Galpin, 2010). Using the employee engagement framework proposed by Shuck and Reio (2011), this research examined the relation among employee alignment, perceived organizational support, and employee engagement in an organizational context. The research site was the human resources department of a not-for-profit health care organization located in the southern region of the United States. Census sampling was used to identify the actual sample (Fritz & Morgan, 2010) of 109 full-time nonsupervisory employees whose data was used in the analysis. Three self-report survey instruments were used: (a) the Employee Engagement Scale (Shuck, Adelson, et al., 2017), (b) the Stringer Strategic Alignment Scale (Stringer, 2007), and (c) the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al., 1986). Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to test the research hypotheses. The results provided evidence of partial support for the researcher’s hypotheses, with four of the seven hypotheses supported. Evidence was found for a positive relation among employee alignment, perceived organizational support, and employee engagement, as well as the statistically significant contribution of employee alignment in explaining unique variance in employee engagement (i.e., 23.4%). Contrary to expectations, the results did not provide evidence that perceived organizational support had a statistically significant direct effect on employee engagement. Additionally, the results did not provide statistically significant evidence of either a moderation or mediation effect of perceived organizational support on the relation between employee alignment and employee engagement. This study provides preliminary evidence that suggests that employee alignment, and to a lesser extent perceived organizational support, are two factors within the purview of managers that can be useful in creating the requisite organizational environment in which engagement may thrive.
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Delmendo, Xeres. "Evaluation of reinforcers: A unit price analysis." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2613.

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The purpose of the present study was to develop an approach to determining relative reinforcer value for children, using unit price theory. A free operant preference assessment was conducted with four children, followed by a reinforcer assessment to determine reinforcer efficacy. Following the reinforcer assessment, the unit price evaluation was conducted. The number of reinforcers and number of responses required were manipulated by varying the number of reinforcers provided and the fixed-ratio (FR) requirement, respectively. Four or five different unit price values were compared for each child, and each child's performance was compared with two combinations of FR schedule and number of reinforcers earned for each unit price. The study tested a prediction of unit price theory that as unit price increases, number of responses will increase to an asymptote and decrease thereafter. Results showed that responding increased and then decreased as unit price increased for 2 of the 4 children for one of the two unit price series. Another unit price theory prediction tested was that the rate of consumption of obtained reinforcers at a given price will be a constant regardless of the response requirement and magnitude of reinforcer that make up the unit price. Results showed that consumption was usually similar given equal unit price values but differing FR and amount of consumables received for all 4 participants. These data suggest that unit price theory may be a useful framework for assessing relative reinforcer value. From a clinical perspective, these results suggest that reinforcers may be potent in terms of work rate under one reinforcement schedule and number of reinforcer units combination but not another combination. In terms of consumption, reinforcers may be approximately equally potent under various reinforcement schedule and number of reinforcer units combinations.
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Woolley, Jane Louise. "Cohesion and satisfaction in relationships as a function of gender and sexual orientation." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2929.

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Previous comparisons of relationship cohesion and satisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual couples have produced mixed results. Based on recent empirical findings, the hypotheses in the present investigation were as follows: (1) Female homosexuals would report significantly higher relationship satisfaction than would all other subjects; (2) female homosexuals would score significantly higher on all measures of relationship cohesion than would other groups, with heterosexual women scoring significantly higher than all men; (3) cohesion would correlate more positively with high satisfaction for female homosexuals than for any other group; and (4) the Cohesion Scale would correlate positively with the Peplau Dyadic Attachment and Spanier Dyadic Cohesion Scales. A total of 27 male heterosexuals, 26 female heterosexuals, 23 male homosexuals, and 39 female homosexuals who had been involved in their current relationships for at least 1 year completed a relationship questionnaire. None of the hypotheses were supported; however, homosexuals reported significantly higher relationship satisfaction and obtained significantly higher scores on the Peplau Dyadic Attachment Scale than did heterosexuals, regardless of sex. The present findings suggest that female homosexuals are not as distinct a group with regard to relationship cohesion as previous literature would suggest. Scale validity and implications for further research are discussed.
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Mills, Kristin Michele. "Positive video self-modeling to decrease performance anxiety." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2928.

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Anxiety is considered as having trait and state characteristics. The multidimensional theory of state anxiety separates this construct into cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of positive video self-modeling at reducing performance anxiety. I hypothesized that following positive video self-modeling athletes would experience: (a) decreased cognitive and somatic anxiety, (b) increased self-confidence, and (c) improved competitive performance. Nine male collegiate volleyball players were blocked into a low, medium, or high anxiety groups, and were then randomly assigned into either a: (a) positive video self-modeling group, (b) relaxation training group, or (c) no treatment control group. Positive video self-modeling participants each received five sessions of viewing their positively self-modeled videotape, relaxation group participants each received five sessions of respiratory relief training, and the control group remained in baseline. A graphical analysis of the dependent measures suggested that none of the hypotheses were supported.
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La, Bash Heidi A. J. "Do Trauma Survivors Experience Shame after Fear? An Experimental Examination of a Basic Assumption in the Trauma Literature." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10001495.

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The dominant theory of PTSD and, subsequently, current gold standard PTSD treatments are based on a model of dysregulated fear. However, a growing body of research suggests that other emotional responses, like shame, are important contributors to PTSD symptom maintenance. The current study sought to forward the trauma literature by using an experimental paradigm to test if trauma survivors, especially those distressed by an interpersonal (vs. non-interpersonal) trauma, experience shame in response to day-to-day experiences of fear. This experimental study used a pre-post between group design in which participants (N = 178) were randomized to receive either a fear or neutral emotion prime with postmanipulation state shame serving as the outcome measure. As predicted, the fear emotion prime interacted with PTSD symptom level to significantly predict postmanipulation state shame. Among participants who reported an interpersonal index trauma and received the fear emotion prime, those with high PTSD symptom levels reported significantly more postmanipulation shame than those with low symptom levels. Interestingly, among participants who reported a non-interpersonal index and received the fear emotion prime, those with high PTSD symptom levels reported significantly less postmanipulation shame than those with low symptom levels. Exploratory analyses did not implicate emotion regulation skill deficits in this relationship. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the relationship of shame to daily experiences of fear in the maintenance of PTSD symptoms, but further exploration into the dynamics of fear, shame, and PTSD represents a priority for the field of traumatology. This is, in part, because shame may impede the treatment and emotional processing of traumas in current gold standard exposure-based treatments.

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Chern, Larissa. "Nudging Towards Social Change: The Application of Psychology and Behavioral Economics in Promoting Responsible Consumption." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1641.

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With workplace disasters in developing countries increasingly in the news, a major question is how to encourage consumers to use corporate social responsibility as a criterion in purchasing. Distinct from environmental concerns, social responsibility is defined here with respect to the humanitarian aspects of corporate practice, including fair wages and working conditions, equitable treatment of the disadvantaged, and restriction of child labor. Although the idea of socially responsible consumption (SRC) was first identified over forty years ago, most recent research on changing consumption habits focuses specifically on environmentally responsible consumption (ERC). Combining the psychological concept of social norms with economic emphasis on choice framing, research in behavioral economics has suggested that ERC can be promoted by “nudges,” low-cost initiatives that alter the decision environment to favor specific options. Here, we provide an overview of the existing literature on nudges and consumer choice, including the role of social norms, as well as other factors involved in successful social messaging. Previous research on ERC suggests that social norm nudges may result in higher rates of energy conservation, recycling and reuse, and purchasing of ecologically-friendly products. Applying these findings to the domain of SRC, we propose a set of possible interventions to increase consumer attention to social responsibility, highlighting the distinguishing roles of empathy and targeted demographic appeals in nudging consumers towards social change.
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Tarbox, Jonathan J. "Articulation and evaluation of radical behavioral systematics." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3210932.

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Rebmann, Matthew John. "A behavioral treatment of denial of deficits in brain-injured adults: A multiple-baseline study." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2951.

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This study examined the efficacy of an intervention for increasing the accuracy of brain-injured clients' estimation of symptom severity, using a multiple-baseline design across six subjects. High initial predicted test scores, relative to test performance, were considered underestimations of symptom severity. An estimation technique (similar to Youngjohn & Altman, 1989) and explicit positive reinforcement for decreases in discrepancies between predicted test scores and actual scores were used to increase awareness of memory deficits. It was hypothesized that clients' predicted scores would significantly decrease over time following treatment. Meanwhile, the predicted scores of clients not yet receiving treatment would not significantly change. Reduced differences between predicted and actual scores were clearly obtained for two of the six clients, despite no significant decreases in predicted scores. Results are interpreted in the light of threats to the study's internal validity and directions for future research are suggested.
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Brubaker, Matthew W. "Apology as a leadership behavior| A meta-analysis with implications for organizational leaders." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3712131.

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Leaders are frequently called to apologize on behalf of their organizations, in some cases skillfully resolving episodes of failure while meeting the unique, competing needs of diverse stakeholders. However, too often leaders handle apology poorly, exacerbating tense situations and alienating key constituents. This study is an examination of the practice of apology as a leadership behavior in an organizational context. To answer the question, How might the existing literatures on apology be examined, integrated and refocused to apply specifically to leaders operating within an organizational context ? the study provides a meta-analysis of the diverse literatures that address the practice of apology. Examining literature from theology and philosophy, the social sciences, law, public relations and organizational management, the study builds a framework to understand and evaluate apology and its appropriate application to episodes of organizational failure. The literature integration and analysis demonstrates a diversity of perspectives on the definition of apology, its purpose and goals, the modes through which apology is delivered, the process or steps involved in apology, and the alternatives to apology. Using the adaptive leadership framework and a stakeholder management perspective on organization, the research is organized around the unique and distinct needs of organizational leaders. The Organizational Apology Model, offered in Chapter 5, provides a robust set of tools and examples designed to support organizational leaders considering the practice of apology.

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35

Walton, Brien C. "Is emotional intelligence predictive or entrepreneurial success?" Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158700.

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There are more self-made, billionaire entrepreneurs than billionaires who simply inherited their fortunes, but the majority of startup ventures fail within five years. A possible factor in business success or failure could be the emotional intelligence (EI) level of the entrepreneur, defined broadly as the ability to perceive, interpret, and manage emotions. Although there is substantial literature on EI applications in established organizations, there are few empirical studies exploring the predictive value of EI in the context of success for startup entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EI scores can predict how successful an entrepreneur will be using objective success criteria, as defined in this study (Hypothesis 1), and which, if any, EI competencies are particularly relevant for entrepreneurs (Hypothesis 2). Hypotheses were tested using Spearman correlation and Ordinal regression, with sensitivity testing with Pearson correlation and Ordinary Least Squares regression, respectively. Each analysis controlled for the entrepreneur’s demographic profile and subjective success measures. Regression analysis (n=31); ordinal analysis and correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of only one of the 15 EI scores (Empathy) on entrepreneurial success, as defined in this study, but the exponentiated coefficients from the ordinal regression indicate that improving Overall EI scores can increase Overall Success. Specifically, six of the 15 EI scores were more than two times more likely to increase Overall Success scores (Empathy, Interpersonal Relationships, Social Responsibility, Flexibility, Stress Tolerance, and Optimism), which is consistent with Hypothesis 2. This study is one of the first to empirically examine the EI construct in the context of entrepreneurial success with a population of entrepreneurs seeking assistance using the EQ-i 2.0 emotional intelligence assessment. A key implication of the results is that teachers, emergency services personnel, legal and financial services personnel, even sports coaches and single parents, can all develop competencies to make them more successful in their chosen endeavor, have a sense of fulfillment, and increase the success rate of industries that go far beyond entrepreneurs.

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Washburn, Sandra S. "Stress management training: Massed versus distributed practice for child care workers." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2801.

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This study investigated two different training schedules for a stress management course offered to 36 child care workers. The study included three groups, a massed training group, distributed training group, and an untreated control group. Based on learning theory as presented in the paper, it was hypothesized that the distributed format (1 hour per week for 8 weeks) would yield greater changes in reported stress than would the massed format (4 hours in 2 sessions) or the wait-list control. Results indicated that statistically the training was effective in changing the number of hours absent from work, that the distributed format was superior to the massed in changing number of hours absent from work, and that the massed format was preferred by participants. Trends further tended toward support for the hypothesis that the distributed format would be more effective, particularly with the Emotional Exhaustion pre-/post-training scores. Critique and suggestions for further study are included in this paper.
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Sabbag, Michael Fred. "A behavioral approach to suggestion systems." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2955.

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It was hypothesized that a suggestion system based on behavioral principles would lead to the submission of an increased number of suggestions and improve employees' expectations of suggestion contribution. Friday Night Live Program employees of San Joaquin Youth Services (n=2) were assigned to an experimental group and received a suggestion box (baseline phase) for 6 weeks followed by the behavioral suggestion system (treatment) for 6 weeks. Other employees at San Joaquin Youth Services formed a control group ($n=12$) and were in a continuous baseline phase. Both groups were given a pretest and a post-test survey concerning their expectations of suggestion contributions. During the 12 weeks of the study, the control group contributed no suggestions, while the experimental group contributed a mean of 4.4 suggestions per week during treatment and no suggestions during their baseline phase. Additionally, survey scores showed an improved attitude toward suggestions for the experimental group and declining attitudes toward suggestions for the control group. These results support the hypothesis.
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Morgan, Theresa Anne. "Links between temperament and behavioral function." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3501.

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Despite a mutual interest in disordered behavior, the psychological approaches of individual differences and behaviorism historically have had little common research or discourse. Moreover, over time, both fields independently have developed methods of assessment and treatment that--despite being broadly applicable across populations--exist only in parallel. This also is despite the facts that (1) individual differences frequently are defined by specific types of behavior (or lack thereof), and (2) behavioral analyses may include "organism" variables that share features with temperament variables. The primary goal of the current study is to examine relations between broad temperament factors and the function of problem behavior(s) identified through formal clinical assessment. The proposed model hypothesizes unique contributions of extraversion/surgency/positive affectivity (E/SPA) and neuroticism/negative affectivity (NNA) to the behavior functions of attention and escape, respectively. Subsidiary goals of the study included replicating previously identified temperament factors in this sample and assessing relations among temperament scales and behavioral form(s). Fifty-three children and their caregivers were recruited from 4 behavior treatment clinics at the University of Iowa. Caregivers were asked to complete two measures of temperament/personality: the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form (CBQ) and the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality--Other Report Form (SNAP-ORF). Children also underwent behavior assessment procedures as part of their scheduled clinic appointment, and these records were subsequently accessed to code function, form, frequency, and severity of problem behaviors. Results showed significant, positive relations between E/S-PA and measures of attention function. These findings were consistent across several (though not all) measures of E/S/PA and attention function. In contrast, no significant relation between N-NA and either escape or attention was found. Structural modeling of temperament/personality was broadly consistent with the three factors proposed by the CBQ and SNAP-ORF. Several unique findings at the lower order trait level also were noted and are discussed. The results from the current study provide an important first step in linking behavior and personality with regard to function in addition to behavioral form. Implications for the definitions of traits and function used in this project are discussed. Future research should expand on these preliminary findings to replicate and clarify relations among individual differences and behavioral functions.
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Dickerhoof, Alison M. "Associative Learning versus Rule-Learning: A Computer Model of Pattern Phrasing Effects." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1335706258.

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Schewe, Elizabeth Marie. "Re-establishing Connections| Listening to Women Psychology Students Talk about Recovery." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257962.

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This dissertation seeks to understand how five women currently enrolled in doctoral level psychology programs emotionally and relationally experience the process of recovery from an eating disorder. Contemporary interdisciplinary discourses are inconsistent in their discussion of recovery, with differing accounts of what constitutes recovery and the typical course of recovery. Using a voice-centered and relational approach, I interviewed five female doctoral-level students in the fields of clinical and counseling psychology about their experience of recovering from eating disorders. Interview data was analyzed using the Listening Guide Method (Brown & Gilligan, 1992; Gilligan, 2015) in order to emphasize the emotional and relational qualities of informant voices. My interest in this subject is, in part, inspired by my personal eating disorder history and doctoral training experiences. Although my personal experiences no doubt shaped what I asked and how I listened to the women in this study, I found that these courageous and honest women independently corroborated three interrelated themes. One, these women’s stories each directly addressed a controversial issue in the literature: What is the nature of eating disorder recovery? Is it an end-state or an ongoing process? Two, connection and disconnection from the self and others, which in many respects is perpetuated by societal pressures and expectations placed on women, plays a critical role in the development of eating disorders. And three, the informants highlighted the potentially critical role of self-disclosure in addressing the sensed disconnections from self and others, within both clinical-therapeutic and professional-academic relationships.

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41

Powell, Lindsey Jane. "Infants' Understanding of Social Affiliation and Behavioral Conformity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10626.

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This dissertation engages in two major hypotheses regarding infants' naïve theory of social relationships. First, it proposes that infants may apply a domain-specific understanding to represent and reason about social groups defined by affiliation amongst their members. Second, it argues that infants may have an understanding of the causal role that behavioral conformity plays in promoting affiliation, and that this understanding may help to determine how infants reason about the coalitional social groups referred to in the first hypothesis. Experiments across three chapters address different aspects of these hypotheses. The experiments in Chapter 2 ask whether infants selectively use coalitional groups to make certain sorts of behavioral inferences, in contrast to the inferences they draw regarding other animate and inanimate categories. The experiments in Chapter 3 investigate the role of similarity of appearance in infants' representations of coalitional groups. Finally, the experiments in Chapter 4 look at how infants evaluate behavioral conformity and what they think it indicates about the attitudes of conformers and their targets. Chapter 5 synthesizes this work and discusses how it might apply to the study of imitation in both developmental and comparative fields.
Psychology
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Rhody, Kathryn Haynes. "Behavioral differences in depressed and conduct-disordered youth." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618483.

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This study investigated the behavioral parameters of depression in children and adolescents. Demographic information, DSM-III psychiatric diagnosis, scores on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and admitting problem (POR) behaviors were obtained from an archival data pool collected at four different child psychiatric hospitals on 630 inpatient subjects 5 to 20 years of age.;Subjects were assigned to one of four research groups defined by psychiatric diagnosis (DSM-III) and/or by scores on the CDI, i.e., CDI only groups (high vs. low scorers), DSM-III only groups (depressed vs. conduct-disordered), DSM-III + CDI groups (depressed high scorers vs. conduct-disordered low scorers), and DSM-III only (depressed children vs. depressed adolescents). Forty POR behaviors previously identified as being symptoms or associated features of childhood depression were used in a discriminant function analysis for each research question.;There was no difference between groups on POR behaviors when separated only by CDI scores. Results supported some behavioral difference between psychiatrically diagnosed depressed and conduct-disordered youth. Sadness appeared to be the most powerful discriminating variable for predicting depression as separate from conduct disorder when depression was defined by DSM-III criteria alone and in conjunction with CDI cutoff scores of 11 or higher. Aggression was significant in predicting conduct disorder for the DSM-III only groups. Poor self-concept and school underachievement were also indicated as behavior variables having discriminating power when depression was defined by DSM-III only. Age differences in POR behaviors for DSM-III depressed children and adolescents were not significant.;Results were discussed in terms of trends in the data that may be useful for further investigative efforts. The presence of a number of behaviors in DSM-III and DSM-III plus CDI depressed groups supported findings of previous psychometric studies; support was also found for several overlapping behaviors between depressed and conduct-disordered groups as reported in the literature. It was concluded that further behavioral study is needed with depressed children and adolescents to confirm findings from previous psychiatrically and psychometrically based studies. Findings would ultimately be useful in formulating developmental refinements in the assessment criteria for childhood depression and aiding in the differential diagnosis of depression and conduct disorder.
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Perrin, Frances A. "Progressive Response Effort Preference Assessments." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/34629.

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Educational Psychology
Ph.D.
The identification of preferred and reinforcing stimuli has long been a focus of behavior analysts in applied settings. Research has primarily focused on different methodologies for assessing whether stimuli are preferred and there has been additional research on identifying under what conditions those stimuli will function as reinforcers. Recently, research has begun to examine responses and reinforcers from a behavioral economic perspective. The present study compared responding in a situation where the price of one item was increased, but the price of alternative items remained the same, to a situation where the price of all available items increased. Multiple stimulus with replacement (MS) preference assessment methodology was used and price was altered by increasing the distance of the stimuli from the participant. During the first assessment, the item chosen most frequently in the first session was systematically moved 6 - 24 inches beyond the other items during subsequent sessions. During the second assessment, all items were systematically moved 6 - 24 inches beyond the starting point in front of the participant during subsequent sessions. Results for the first assessment indicated that for four of the five participants, consumption of the target item decreased as a function of increased price for that item. Results for the second assessment indicated that at high costs, clear preference for one item was observed for three of the five participants. Taken collectively, these results suggest that response effort is a variable that should be taken into consideration when evaluating effective treatments for individuals with disabilities. Preference and reinforcer effectiveness may shift as individuals are presented with tasks that require increased response effort in terms of reaching or moving about their environment.
Temple University--Theses
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South, Brian N. "Paraprofessionals' Use of Direct Behavior Rating for Collecting Functional Behavior Assessment Data| Agreement and Acceptability." Thesis, Alfred University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10687657.

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This paper reviews existing literature on Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and the benefits and challenges associated with conducting the cornerstone of behavioral observation, Systematic Direct Observation (SDO), in schools. It also presents literature on Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) and its application to conducting an FBA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate paraprofessionals’ ability to generate believable data using DBR to assess functional relationships relative to SDO and to examine their perceptions regarding DBR’s acceptability. In the study, paraprofessionals (n = 7) observed the behavior of 16 students in their classroom setting and then completed DBR ratings of disruptive behavior and four potential consequences (adult attention, peer attention, escape/avoidance, access to tangibles). Concurrently, an expert observer collected SDO data using a combination of a 15-second partial interval recording system and frequency count. Estimates of the true occurrence of disruptive behavior and the percentage of disruptive behavior met with each consequence were calculated based upon the SDO data. Differences in agreement between the DBR and SDO data were examined to obtain an understanding of the degree of association between the two observation methods. The results of this study indicated strong levels of agreement between the DBR and SDO data for overall disruptive behavior. However, despite a visual analysis of the data that suggested similar conclusions would be reached regarding the function of the disruptive behavior, weaker levels of agreement were found regarding the similarity of the data for each of the consequence targets. Results did indicate paraprofessionals perceived DBR to be an acceptable tool for collecting data related to functional contingencies. Guidelines for implementing DBR when conducting an FBA, limitations of the study, and suggested directions for future research are discussed.

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Aldana, Erendira Neri. "Growing Leadership at Ho'oulu 'Aina| Matching Up Gifts and Kuleana in Order to Heal Land, People, and Community." Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13418684.

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Early literature on leadership focused on the traits of a single individual, usually male, who manages employees within a clearly defined hierarchy for a U.S.-based company. The last several decades have seen the concept of leadership expand to include followers, peers, supervisors, the public and the non-profit sectors, and culture across a diverse sample of populations globally. Indigenous leadership contributes to this discussion by including a social, historical, and political context that acknowledges connection to land. However, leadership theories have yet to address the topic of reconciliation and overall community wellbeing. To address this gap, this paper explored what leadership looks like in a more holistic community context where a community program that includes food production, native reforestation, cultural education revitalization, and healing are all meaningful components of leadership development and community transformation. The following questions were explored: 1) What does leadership look like when one seeks to provide people of a community the freedom and space to build meaningful relationships with land, each other, and themselves? and 2) How can we help leaders flourish in our communities to work towards this and other types of reconciliation? Using phenomenology as a method of inquiry, interviews and participant observations were used to capture the stories of staff and volunteers as part of program connected to a comprehensive health center in Kalihi. Leadership in this program is understood as the matching of gifts to kuleana. This leadership model recognizes the potential for all members of the community to fulfill meaningful leadership roles. The synergistic process of offering a gift, and having it valued is healing for both an individual and a community. Being in a safe and welcoming space offers an environment where people are free to explore what their gift and kuleana may be. Parallels between shared leadership, multicultural leadership, and Indigenous leadership are presented. This model of leadership contributes to the literature by grounding leadership in reconciliation and healing for all. This model and how leaders are developed within it are discussed.

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Ward, Kaius E. "An Investigation of the Effects of Various Fluency Aims on the Emergence of Derived Relational Responding for Various Populations." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13427088.

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The present study investigated the effects of various fluency aims on the emergence of derived relational responding for various populations. Derived relational responding is a skill needed to develop complex language. Determining fluency aims to ensure derived relations can impact how we teach language and other complex skills. A parametric analysis of various fluency aims was completed using a multiple treatments design with ongoing probes of derived relational responding. Participants’ performance during accuracy and fluency tasks was assessed using a computer program designed for this study and presented on a tablet computer. The computer program recorded correct responses per minute and number of correct responses out of a total number of responses. A fluency aim could be experimentally verified if participants met criterion during tests of derived relational responding at an initial aim, that aim could be replicated with a novel symbol set, the participant met criterion during a test probe after performing at a higher frequency and failed to meet criterion during a test probe after performing at a lower frequency. Across all populations recruited for this study, a fluency aim that was empirically verified was not found. Participants performance did not match the performance described above and in some cases, performance was opposite, meaning participants passed a test probe after performing at a lower aim and failed the test probe after performing at a higher aim.

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Fenn, Nirupa Ruth. "Teaching laundry skills to individuals with mental illness: A comparison of three task analyses." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2611.

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The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three task analysis prompting procedures—text only, picture only, or text plus picture—in increasing, maintaining, and generalizing laundry skills of nine adult participants diagnosed with mental illness. A small group design using counterbalancing was used and participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups or to a control group. Results demonstrated that all task analyses were effective in improving the target behavior, although the text plus picture task analysis required fewer trials and resulted in faster skill acquisition. Treatment results and implications of this study are discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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Sy, Jolene R. "Parametric analysis of presession exposure to edible and nonedible stimuli." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2644.

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I conducted a parametric evaluation of presession exposure to edible and nonedible reinforcers in order to determine the effects of “small,” “medium,” and “large” periods of presession access on response rates during sessions immediately following these periods. For 2 participants, presession access to edible and nonedible reinforcers for “small,” “medium,” and “large” durations decreased the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli. For the remaining 2 participants, presession access to edible and nonedible reinforcers either maintained or increased the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli. The results suggest that presession access to edible or nonedible reinforcers has idiosyncratic effects across individuals. Additionally, the results suggest that minimal differences exist between rates of responding after “small,” “medium,” and “large” periods of presession access, using the values assessed in the current study.
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Graham, Stephen. "Quasi-Experimental Examination of Voluntary Disfigurement, Stigmatization, and the Behavioral Immune System." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10827563.

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Assuming the perspective of evolutionary psychology it was hypothesized that tattoo stigma is the result of evolved socially exclusionary mechanisms activated by heuristic cues signaling a potential threat of infectious disease. It was conjectured that perception of atypical morphology, like the discoloration associated with significant tattooing, would activate into working memory implicit associations linking tattooing with infectious disease, triggering an aversive reaction. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental approach, the study measured participant implicit associations between disease connoting concepts and the perception of images of tattooed people as compared with images of non-tattooed people. Implicit associations between disease connoting concepts and tattooing were measured using an Implicit Association Test. An assumption made by the IAT developers that people accomplish tasks faster and with greater accuracy when the tasks are based on well-established learned cognitive routines or associations that are the product of evolved adaptive mechanisms, as compared with unpracticed tasks. This study provides the first empirical test of a causal link between tattooing, disease threat management, and stigma. Findings indicate that a significant majority of the sample associated tattooing with infectious disease, this association is not affected by the participants having tattoos or expressing a positive or neutral attitude toward tattooed people. Given these findings, it is recommended that future research more broadly test the construct of voluntary disfigurement (e.g., body scaring, piercing, and “face painting”) which BIS theory predicts would be likely triggers for BIS reactions.

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Wahonick, Jennifer. "TEACHING COLLEGE STUDENTS HOW TO ANSWER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS: CONTENT, FLUENCY, AND SOCIAL VALIDITY." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3722.

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Poor interview performance may be one factor contributing to the unemployment and underemployment of recent college graduates, and content and fluency of interview answers seem to be especially important. Although decades of research have shown improvements in interview skills using instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, researchers have noted that the duration of training could limit the practicality of using these procedures in college classrooms or career centers. Additional time could be saved if teaching one skill led to collateral changes in another. Although previous research reported collateral changes in speech disfluencies after targeting elements of answer content (Hollandsworth et al., 1978), this study examined the reliability, validity, and generality of these findings. Training effects were evaluated using simulated interviews with the experimenter acting as the interviewer. To evaluate the durability of changes in answer content and fluency, students participated in simulated interviews one week after completing training (maintenance) and with an individual who frequently conducts interviews before and after training (generality). Answer content improved for all 3 participants after only 2 training sessions, and these improvements maintained after a week and during generality probes. However, there were no collateral improvements in speech disfluencies.
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