Relevant bibliographies by topics / Behavioral thresholds

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Behavioral thresholds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 15 June 2024
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Behavioral thresholds"

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Van Dun, Bram, Harvey Dillon, and Mark Seeto. "Estimating Hearing Thresholds in Hearing-Impaired Adults through Objective Detection of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 04 (2015): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.4.5.

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Background: Hearing threshold estimation based on cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) has been applied for some decades. However, available research is scarce evaluating the accuracy of this technique with an automated paradigm for the objective detection of CAEPs. Purpose: To determine the difference between behavioral and CAEP thresholds detected using an objective paradigm based on the Hotelling’s T 2 statistic. To propose a decision tree to choose the next stimulus level in a sample of hearing-impaired adults. This knowledge potentially could increase the efficiency of clinical hearing threshold testing. Research Design: Correlational cohort study. Thresholds obtained behaviorally were compared with thresholds obtained through cortical testing. Study Sample: Thirty-four adults with hearing loss participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis: For each audiometric frequency and each ear, behavioral thresholds were collected with both pure-tone and 40-msec tone-burst stimuli. Then, corresponding cortical hearing thresholds were determined. An objective cortical-response detection algorithm based on the Hotelling’s T 2 statistic was applied to determine response presence. A decision tree was used to select the next stimulus level. In total, 241 behavioral-cortical threshold pairs were available for analysis. The differences between CAEP and behavioral thresholds (and their standard deviations [SDs]) were determined for each audiometric frequency. Cortical amplitudes and electroencephalogram noise levels were extracted. The practical applicability of the decision tree was evaluated and compared to a Hughson-Westlake paradigm. Results: It was shown that, when collapsed over all audiometric frequencies, behavioral pure-tone thresholds were on average 10 dB lower than 40-msec cortical tone-burst thresholds, with an SD of 10 dB. Four percent of CAEP thresholds, all obtained from just three individual participants, were more than 30 dB higher than their behavioral counterparts. The use of a decision tree instead of a Hughson-Westlake procedure to obtain a CAEP threshold did not seem to reduce test time, but there was significantly less variation in the number of CAEP trials needed to determine a threshold. Conclusions: Behavioral hearing thresholds in hearing-impaired adults can be determined with an acceptable degree of accuracy (mean threshold correction and SD of both 10 dB) using an objective statistical cortical-response detection algorithm in combination with a decision tree to determine the test levels.
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Ortiz, Elelbin A., Philip D. Campbell, Jessica C. Nelson, and Michael Granato. "A single base pair substitution in zebrafish distinguishes between innate and acute startle behavior regulation." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0300529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300529.

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Behavioral thresholds define the lowest stimulus intensities sufficient to elicit a behavioral response. Establishment of baseline behavioral thresholds during development is critical for proper responses throughout the animal’s life. Despite the relevance of such innate thresholds, the molecular mechanisms critical to establishing behavioral thresholds during development are not well understood. The acoustic startle response is a conserved behavior whose threshold is established during development yet is subsequently acutely regulated. We have previously identified a zebrafish mutant line (escapist) that displays a decreased baseline or innate acoustic startle threshold. Here, we identify a single base pair substitution on Chromosome 25 located within the coding sequence of the synaptotagmin 7a (syt7a) gene that is tightly linked to the escapist acoustic hypersensitivity phenotype. By generating animals in which we deleted the syt7a open reading frame, and subsequent complementation testing with the escapist line, we demonstrate that loss of syt7a function is not the cause of the escapist behavioral phenotype. Nonetheless, escapist mutants provide a powerful tool to decipher the overlap between acute and developmental regulation of behavioral thresholds. Extensive behavioral analyses reveal that in escapist mutants the establishment of the innate acoustic startle threshold is impaired, while regulation of its acute threshold remains intact. Moreover, our behavioral analyses reveal a deficit in baseline responses to visual stimuli, but not in the acute regulation of responses to visual stimuli. Together, this work eliminates loss of syt7a as causative for the escapist phenotype and suggests that mechanisms that regulate the establishment of behavioral thresholds in escapist larvae can operate independently from those regulating acute threshold regulation.
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Tedó, Carmen Muñoz, Pilar Herreros De Tejada, and Daniel G. Green. "Behavioral estimates of absolute threshold in rat." Visual Neuroscience 11, no. 6 (1994): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006891.

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AbstractDark-adapted thresholds of albino and pigmented rats were estimated using behavioral methods. Albino and pigmented rats who had been water deprived learned to bar press for water reinforcement when a light stimulus was presented. Absolute threshold was defined to be the light intensity at which bar pressing behavior was significantly modified by the presence of the light stimulus. Albino rats had an average threshold of −5.23 log cd/m2 and the pigmented rats had a threshold of −5.0 log cd/m2. These values are close to −5.3 log cd/m2, the psychophysical threshold of human observers in the same apparatus. Consistent with our earlier electrophysiology, these behavioral experiments provide no evidence for an albino/pigmented sensitivity difference. Comparisons are made between behavioral and electrophysiological determinations of absolute threshold in albino and pigmented rats. Thresholds determined behaviorally agree remarkably well with those derived from visual evoked potentials.
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Houser, Dorian S., Kyle Donohoe, Jason Mulsow, and James J. Finneran. "Quantifying differences in dolphin hearing thresholds obtained with behavioral and auditory evoked potential methods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 157, no. 3 (2025): 1955–68. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036153.

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Different methods of producing the auditory steady state response (ASSR) are used to test dolphin hearing, but each method affects the resulting ASSR threshold. Since behavioral thresholds are often desired, this study, using common ASSR methods, compared differences between ASSR and behavioral hearing thresholds in five dolphins. Sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tones or tone pip trains were presented to the dolphins through a contact transducer while they were in air or partially submerged under water. Underwater behavioral hearing thresholds were obtained with pure tone stimuli on the same days as ASSR testing. Independent of the test medium, SAM tone stimuli yielded thresholds that consistently overestimated (i.e., were higher than) behavioral thresholds. Tone pip trains consistently underestimated thresholds when presented in air, and while they underestimated thresholds at lower test frequencies, they overestimated thresholds at higher test frequencies when presented under water. The mean differences between ASSR and behavioral thresholds were almost always lower when using tone pip train stimuli, but were exaggerated up to –47 dB when testing frequencies just above the upper-frequency limit of hearing. Knowing the relationship between ASSR and behavioral thresholds enables better approximations of behavioral thresholds in dolphins for which only ASSR thresholds exist.
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Rahne, Torsten, and Thomas Ehelebe. "Objective Estimation of Frequency-Specific Pure-Tone Hearing Thresholds following Bone-Conduction Hearing Aid Stimulation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/247942.

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Patients suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss may benefit from bone-conduction hearing systems (BAHS). The amount of amplification provided by the hearing system is selected based on the individual’s sensorineural frequency-specific threshold. With patients who are not able to provide thresholds behaviorally, such as young children, objective methods are required to estimate the unaided and aided hearing threshold and thus the success of the hearing system fitting. In a prospective study with ten adult Baha softband users, aided and unaided frequency-specific thresholds were estimated. Aided thresholds to tone bursts via Baha stimulation were obtained behaviorally and electrophysiologically using cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and were compared to pure-tone thresholds using routine clinical audiometry. For all stimulation frequencies, the frequency-specific electrophysiological and behavioral hearing thresholds measured with Baha stimulation were highly correlated and not different. Increased thresholds were observed only with the 0.5 kHz Baha stimulation as compared to the pure-tone audiogram. Objective measurement of frequency-specific hearing thresholds with CAEPs is applicable to BAHS users.
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McCreery, Ryan, Elizabeth Walker, Meredith Spratford, Benjamin Kirby, Jacob Oleson, and Marc Brennan. "Stability of Audiometric Thresholds for Children with Hearing Aids Applying the American Academy of Audiology Pediatric Amplification Guideline: Implications for Safety." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 27, no. 03 (2016): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.15049.

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Background: Children who wear hearing aids may be at risk for further damage to their hearing from overamplification. Previous research on amplification-induced hearing loss has included children using linear amplification or simulations of predicted threshold shifts based on nonlinear amplification formulae. A relationship between threshold shifts and the use of nonlinear hearing aids in children has not been empirically verified. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare predicted threshold shifts from amplification to longitudinal behavioral thresholds in a large group of children who wear hearing aids to determine the likelihood of amplification-induced hearing loss. Research Design: An accelerated longitudinal design was used to collect behavioral threshold and amplification data prospectively. Study Sample: Two-hundred and thirteen children with mild-to-profound hearing loss who wore hearing aids were included in the analysis. Data Collection and Analysis: Behavioral audiometric thresholds, hearing aid outputs, and hearing aid use data were collected for each participant across four study visits. Individual ear- and frequency-specific safety limits were derived based on the Modified Power Law to determine the level at which increased amplification could result in permanent threshold shifts. Behavioral thresholds were used to estimate which children would be above the safety limit at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz using thresholds in dB HL and then in dB SPL in the ear canal. Changes in thresholds across visits were compared for children who were above and below the safety limits. Results: Behavioral thresholds decreased across study visits for all children, regardless of whether their amplification was above the safety limits. The magnitude of threshold change across time corresponded with changes in ear canal acoustics as measured by the real-ear-to-coupler difference. Conclusions: Predictions of threshold changes due to amplification for children with hearing loss did not correspond with observed changes in threshold over across 2–4 yr of monitoring amplification. Use of dB HL thresholds and predictions of hearing aid output to set the safety limit resulted in a larger number of children being classified as above the safety limit than when safety limits were based on dB SPL thresholds and measured hearing aid output. Children above the safety limit for the dB SPL criteria tended to be fit above prescriptive targets. Additional research should seek to explain how the Modified Power Law predictions of threshold shift overestimated risk for children who wear hearing aids.
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Naumova, I. V., A. V. Pashkov, I. V. Zelenkova, and D. S. Klyachko. "Registration of assr-thresholds in free field stimulation in normal hearing persons. Our experience." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 5 (2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-5-63-67.

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Background: Currently, for an objective assessment of the thresholds of auditory sensitivity, one of the most popular diagnostic methods is the method of recording of auditory steady state response - the ASSR test. One of the primary uses of ASSR is to assess sound thresholds correlated with tonal threshold audiometry. Actually, there are no reliable criteria for the norm for this study with free field stimulation, in conditions close to the natural listening environment. The identification of these criteria will allow this method to be applied as a routine in patients who cannot be tested in the usual way using headsets or in-ear phones (headphones). Objective: To determine the correlation of the ASSR thresholds with free field stimulation and the responses of insert-transducers stimulation and values of tonal threshold audiometry in the free field in normally hearing individuals. Design: Behavioral thresholds in a free field were compared with the results of ASSR in 20 normally hearing adults (40 ears) with stimulus delivery both via insert-transducers and using a loudspeaker. Conclusion: The ASSR thresholds in normal hearing adults obtained by free field were comparable to the thresholds obtained with a stimulus through insert- transducers and the results of behavioral thresholds. The correction coefficients for measuring ASSR thresholds and behavioral thresholds in free field in normal hearing adults have been obtained.
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Syed Bilal Hussain Shah, Zaimal Shahan, Maryiam Asghar, Mohammad Zubair Khan, Mohsin Raza, and Wajih-ud-din Shinwari. "Correlation of Electrophysiological and Behavioral Response in Cochlear Implant Candidates." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 74, no. 4 (2024): 1037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i4.9670.

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Objective: To determine the effect of Cochlear Implants on electrophysiological and behavioural response in children with hearing impairment at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2021 to Jul 2022. Methodology: Seventy children with hearing impairment aged 2-12 years of either gender, who had undergone cochlear implantation were part of the study. Language and hearing conditions were examined during the audiological assessment of candidates for cochlear implantation. At ER-tone 5A and TDH-39 using ISO 389-2 and 389-1 calibrations, warble tones given at different frequencies were used to derive behavioral air conduction thresholds. The Auditory Steady State Response test began with a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and advanced to frequencies of 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Thresholds were set using a 10 dB down and 5 dB up procedure until no responses could be captured. Behavioral and Auditory Steady State Response responses were noted in all patients. Results: Mean age of the patients was 6.66±2.74 years. Behavioral threshold>110 dB HL were obtained in 8(11.4%) subjects, 10(14.3%) had behavioral thresholds from 100 to 110 dB HL, and 52(74.3%) had <100 dB HL. Eleven patients obtained Auditory Steady State Response thresholds>110 dB HL (15.7%), 31(44%) achieved 100 to 110 dB HL and 28(40%) achieved <100 dB HL. The most common frequency was 500 Hz. Statistically insignificant difference was found between ....... Conclusion: Cochlear implantation has positive effect on behavioral and ...
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Kaf, Wafaa A., Enass S. Mohamed, and Hamza Elshafiey. "40-Hz Sinusoidal Auditory Steady-State Response and Tone Burst Auditory Brainstem Response Using a Kalman Filter to Determine Thresholds Pre- and Post-Myringotomy With Grommet Tube in Children With Mild, Low-Frequency Conductive Hearing Loss." American Journal of Audiology 25, no. 1 (2016): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_aja-15-0052.

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PurposeAccurate estimation of mild, low-frequency hearing loss is difficult in young children. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of 40-Hz sinusoidal auditory steady-state response (sASSR) compared with tone burst auditory brainstem response (TB-ABR) to detect mild, low-frequency hearing loss in children with otitis media with effusion and to measure postoperative thresholds.MethodsThresholds at 500 and 4000 Hz were measured behaviorally and electrophysiologically using TB-ABR and 40-Hz sASSR with a Kalman filter in 26 children with otitis media with effusion. Recording was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively while children were actively awake. Repeated measures mixed analyses of variance were conducted to determine effects among measures and the two test frequencies.ResultsBoth 40-Hz sASSR and TB-ABR accurately detected preoperative and postoperative thresholds and were within 5–10 dB of the behavioral thresholds at 4000 Hz. At 500 Hz, the mean 40-Hz sASSR threshold was only 5 dB above the behavioral thresholds and 18 dB better than the 500-Hz ABR threshold. Positive correlations were found but not between 40-sASSR and TB-ABR at 500 Hz. Also, the interrater judgment of the response was better for sASSR (89%) than TB-ABR (83%).ConclusionThe 40-Hz sASSR is more accurate than TB-ABR in determining a mild, low-frequency threshold.
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Fitzgerald, Tracy S., and Beth A. Prieve. "COAE Thresholds." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 5 (1997): 1164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4005.1164.

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Although research has demonstrated that click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (COAEs) elicited by high-level stimuli are useful for identifying hearing loss, the ability of COAEs to predict behavioral thresholds has not been adequately tested. Results of studies comparing COAE thresholds and behavioral thresholds have been equivocal, perhaps due to the need for a more rigorous approach to COAE threshold estimation. The present study was designed to address several methodological concerns in COAE threshold testing, particularly the effects of two methods of stimulus presentation on COAE testing and threshold calculation. In an attempt to make COAE threshold estimation consistent across participants, COAE threshold calculations were based on mean noise floor levels across participants. COAE and noise floor levels were measured in 15 participants using both equal-amplitude clicks and a subtraction method. Broadband COAEs were analyzed into 1/3 octave bands, so that input/output functions could be examined and COAE thresholds could be calculated for each 1/3 octave band. Comparison of the two stimulus methods indicated several differences. Mean noise floor levels for the equal-amplitude method were approximately 6 dB lower than those measured for the subtraction method across frequency. In many cases COAEs evoked using the equal-amplitude method were higher in amplitude than those evoked using the subtraction method. COAE thresholds measured using the equal-amplitude click stimuli were significantly lower than those measured using the subtraction method. The significantly higher thresholds obtained using the subtraction method may be attributed in part to the reduction of COAE amplitude by the subtraction procedure, and not merely to the higher noise level. Slopes of the input/output functions were not significantly different between the two stimulus methods. These results suggest that the equal-amplitude method is preferable for COAE threshold testing because lower noise floor and larger amplitude COAEs may be obtained in the same test time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Behavioral thresholds"

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Harris, Frances Pauline. "Distortion-product emissions and pure-tone behavioral thresholds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184483.

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Distortion-product emissions (DPEs) are tonal responses that may be detected in the ear canal when the ear is stimulated simultaneously by two tones that are closely spaced in frequency. In experimental animals, DPEs are reduced in amplitude or are eliminated when cochlear function is disrupted. This association has not been investigated in human subjects. This study was designed to investigate the relation of cochlear status, as determined by pure-tone behavioral thresholds, to DPE amplitude in human subjects. Forty men were selected as subjects. Twenty had normal hearing and 20 had high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Pure-tone behavioral thresholds were determined using conventional audiometric procedures for eight frequencies from 750 to 8000 Hz. DPEs were generated in the test ear of each subject by stimulating the ear with two tones, f1 and f2. The stimuli were selected to approximate audiometric test frequencies. Responses were detected by a sensitive microphone that was placed in the ear canal and were extracted by spectral analysis. Results of the study indicated that DPE amplitude was associated with pure-tone threshold. When audiometric threshold was ≤10 dB HL, DPEs could be elicited at all test frequencies for 98% of subjects in both groups. Mean maximum emission amplitude ranged from 3 to 13 dB SPL across frequency. When pure-tone threshold was above 50 dB HL, DPEs were absent or were significantly attenuated. DPEs varied in amplitude when audiometric threshold was between these two extremes. The association of DPE amplitude were pure-tone threshold was frequency specific. DPE amplitude was maximal when pure-tone thresholds were ≤10 dB HL and decreased as pure-tone behavioral threshold increased in the same subject. Repetition of the DPE protocol with five subjects from each group during separate test sessions indicated that the results were reliable over time. Results of the study have clinical implications. The technique may have potential as a noninvasive means of monitoring the status of the cochlea in human subjects.
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Carbajal, M. Sandra. "Effects of moderate-level sound exposure on behavioral thresholds in chinchillas." Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597604.

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<p>Normal audiometric thresholds following noise exposure have generally been considered as an indication of a recovered cochlea and intact peripheral auditory system, yet recent animal work has challenged this classic assumption. Moderately noise-exposed animals have been shown to have permanent loss of synapses on inner hair cells (IHCs) and permanent damage to auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), specifically the low-spontaneous rate fibers (low-SR), despite normal electrophysiological thresholds. Loss of cochlear synapses, known as cochlear synaptopathy, disrupts auditory-nerve signaling, which may result in perceptual speech deficits in noise despite normal audiometric thresholds. Perceptual deficit studies in humans have shown evidence consistent with the idea of cochlear synaptopathy. To date, there has been no direct evidence linking cochlear synaptopathy and perceptual deficits. Our research aims to develop a cochlear synaptopathy model in chinchilla, similar to previously established mouse and guinea pig models, to provide a model in which the effects of cochlear synaptopathy on behavioral and physiological measures of low-frequency temporal coding can be explored. </p><p> Positive-reinforcement operant-conditioning was used to train animals to perform auditory detection behavioral tasks for four frequencies: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Our goal was to evaluate the detection abilities of chinchillas for tone-in-noise and sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tone behavioral tasks, which are tasks thought to rely on low-SR ANFs for encoding. Testing was performed before and after exposure to an octave-band noise exposure centered at 1 kHz for 2 hours at 98.5 dB SPL. This noise exposure produced the synaptopathy phenotype in na&iuml;ve chinchillas, based on auditory-brainstem responses (ABRs), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and histological analyses. Threshold shift and inferred synaptopathy was determined from ABR and OAE measures in our behavioral animals. </p><p> Overall, we have shown that chinchillas, similar to mice and guinea pigs, can display cochlear synaptopathy phenotype following moderate-level sound exposure. This finding was seen in na&iuml;ve exposed chinchillas, but our results suggest the susceptibility to noise can vary between na&iuml;ve and behavioral cohorts because minimal physiological evidence for synaptopathy was observed in the behavioral group. Hearing sensitivity determined by a tone-in-quiet behavioral task on normal hearing chinchillas followed trends reported previously, and supported the lack of permanent threshold shift following moderate noise exposure. As we expected, thresholds determined in a tone-in-noise behavioral task were higher than thresholds measured in quiet. Behavioral thresholds measured in noise after moderate noise exposure did not show threshold shifts relative to pre-exposure thresholds in noise. As expected, chinchillas were more sensitive at detecting fully modulated SAM-tone signals than less modulated, with individual modulation depth thresholds falling within previously reported mammalian ranges. </p><p> Although we have only been able to confirm cochlear synaptopathy in pilot assays with na&iuml;ve animals so far (i.e., not in the pilot behavioral animals), this project has developed an awake protocol for moderate-level noise exposure, an extension to our lab&rsquo;s previous experience with high-level permanent damage noise exposure under anesthesia. Also, we successfully established chinchilla behavioral training and testing protocols on several auditory tasks, a new methodology to our laboratory, which we hope will ultimately allow us to identify changes in auditory perception resulting from moderate-level noise exposure. </p>
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Lee, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Comparison of Auditory Thresholds Obtained with a Conditioned and an Unconditioned Response." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1325738685.

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Kelly, John Kip. "Estimation of Behavioral Thresholds in Normal Hearing Listeners Using Auditory Steady State Responses." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237559225.

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Palestro, James J. "Some Tasks' Demands Require Collapsing Bounds: Evidence from a Behavioral Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514901294586086.

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Kelly, J. Kip. "Estimation of behavioral hearing thresholds in normal hearing listeners using auditory steady state responses." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237559225.

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El, Assad Meryem. "Trois études autour des annonces groupées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD001.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le contexte dans lequel les entreprises américaines procèdent à des annonces groupées de résultats et les ressorts psychologiques sur lesquels elles s'appuient. Le premier chapitre explore des hypothèses alternatives sur les raisons pour lesquelles les managers regroupent les annonces de résultats en se basant sur les théories de la finance comportementale. En particulier, nous utilisons des idées dérivées de la théorie des perspectives et de la comptabilité mentale, et nous les mettons en relation avec les stratégies de communication. Nos résultats indiquent que les dirigeants ont tendance à regrouper des nouvelles de signes contradictoires afin de compenser l'effet négatif des mauvaises nouvelles et de réduire la pénalisation du marché. Après avoir examiné l'hypothèse des théories de la finance comportementale, nous menons une étude d'événement pour déterminer si les entreprises publient stratégiquement des annonces de bénéfices groupées pour exploiter l'inattention des investisseurs. Nous constatons que les réactions du marché sont similaires pour les annonces de résultats groupés et les annonces de résultats isolés. Le deuxième chapitre est basé sur la relation entre la stratégie de regroupement et les seuils comportementaux. En particulier, nous soutenons que les dirigeants ont tendance à regrouper stratégiquement les annonces de résultats avec d'autres informations afin d'éviter les conséquences décevantes d'un manquement aux seuils de résultats. Nos résultats indiquent que les entreprises dont les bénéfices dépassent de peu les attentes des analystes sont plus susceptibles de regrouper les annonces de bénéfices. En revanche, les entreprises dont les bénéfices sont les plus et les moins surprenants regroupent moins leurs annonces de bénéfices. Le troisième essai examine la relation entre les caractéristiques du dirigeant et la stratégie de regroupement des annonces de résultats. Nous soutenons que le dirigeant est impliqué dans la prise de décision concernant les annonces groupées. Plus précisément, nous examinons l'excès de confiance, l'âge, le sexe, la durée du mandat et la dualité du dirigeant pour expliquer la décision stratégique de publier des informations simultanées avec les annonces de résultats. Nous constatons que l'excès de confiance du dirigeant est associé à la décision de regrouper les annonces de résultats. En outre, la probabilité de regrouper les informations sur les bénéfices augmente, en général, si l'entreprise a publié une information groupée au cours de l'année précédente. Le regroupement est également positivement associé à la moyenne des nouvelles regroupées dans le même secteur<br>The purpose of this thesis is to study the context in which US firms carry out bundled announcements of earnings and the psychological springs on which they rely. The first chapter explores alternative hypothesis about why managers bundled earnings announcements based on behavioral finance theories. Specially, we use ideas deriving from the prospect theory and mental accounting, and relates them to disclosures strategies. Our results indicate that managers tend to bundle news of conflicting signs to offset the negative effect of the bad news and reduce the market penalization. After investigating the hypothesis of behavioral finance theories, we conduct an event study to examine whether firms strategically release bundled earnings announcements to exploit investors’ inattention. We find similar return reactions to bundled and non-bundled earnings announcements. The second chapter is based on the relation between the bundling strategy and the behavioral thresholds. Specially, we argue that managers tend to strategically bundle the earnings announcements with other disclosures to avoid the disappointing consequences of missing the earnings thresholds. Our results indicate that firms with earnings that just exceed the analysts’ expectations are more likely to bundle earnings announcements. In contrast, firms with the highest and lowest earnings surprises bundle less their earnings announcements. The third essay examines the relationship of the CEO characteristics and the bundling strategy of earnings announcements. We argue that the CEO is engaged in decision making of bundled announcements. Specifically, we examine the CEO’s overconfidence, age, gender, tenure, and duality in explaining the strategic decision of releasing concurrent information with earnings announcements. We find that CEO overconfidence is associated with the decision of bundling earnings news. Moreover, the probability of bundling earnings news increases, in general, if the firm issued a bundled news in the last year. The bundling is also positively associated with the average of bundled news in the same industry
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Kuhlman, Christopher James. "Generalizations of Threshold Graph Dynamical Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76765.

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Dynamics of social processes in populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, language, mass movements, and warfare (often referred to individually and collectively as contagions), are increasingly studied because of their social, political, and economic impacts. Discrete dynamical systems (discrete in time and discrete in agent states) are often used to quantify contagion propagation in populations that are cast as graphs, where vertices represent agents and edges represent agent interactions. We refer to such formulations as graph dynamical systems. For social applications, threshold models are used extensively for agent state transition rules (i.e., for vertex functions). In its simplest form, each agent can be in one of two states (state 0 (1) means that an agent does not (does) possess a contagion), and an agent contracts a contagion if at least a threshold number of its distance-1 neighbors already possess it. The transition to state 0 is not permitted. In this study, we extend threshold models in three ways. First, we allow transitions to states 0 and 1, and we study the long-term dynamics of these bithreshold systems, wherein there are two distinct thresholds for each vertex; one governing each of the transitions to states 0 and 1. Second, we extend the model from a binary vertex state set to an arbitrary number r of states, and allow transitions between every pair of states. Third, we analyze a recent hierarchical model from the literature where inputs to vertex functions take into account subgraphs induced on the distance-1 neighbors of a vertex. We state, prove, and analyze conditions characterizing long-term dynamics of all of these models.<br>Master of Science
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Heiden, Marina. "Psychophysiological reactions to experimental stress : relations to pain sensitivity, position sense and stress perception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-879.

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Osugi, Mizuho. "Measuring Auditory Thresholds in Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula)." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2422.

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A total of 9 brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained to perform a two-manipulanda, conditional discrimination task. The possums learned to press a right lever in the presence of a tone (80 dB(A)) during tone-on trials, and a left lever in the absence of the tone on tone-off trials. Overall sessions of 11 conditions contained tone frequency between 100 Hz and 35 kHz were tested. Each condition contained training and then probe sessions. In training sessions, the possums were presented with tone-on and tone-off trials, pseudo-randomly. Once the possums responded with over 90% accuracy for five consecutive sessions, then probe sessions were introduced. Probe sessions were similar to the training sessions, except that the tone intensity for tone-on trials was reduced by 8 dB(A) across blocks of 20 trials until their response accuracy in a block fall below 60% or reached 24 dB(A). Data were analysed using overall percentages correct and log d analysis. Both measures indicated that overall response accuracy decreased for all possum as tone intensity reduced. Based on these data analyses, threshold values were calculated using the criterions at 75% correct and a log d of 0.48. The threshold values for each possum and across all possums were plotted as a function of the tone frequency to produce an audiogram. A curvilinear regression was fitted for each threshold values. The functions of both measures were very similar. Both audiograms showed that the possums could hear the tones between 100 Hz and 35 kHz, and were most sensitive to tones between 15 and 20 kHz. This experiment involved many difficulties with producing and measuring tones especially outside of human hearing range. Due to these difficulties, several problems and concerns were raised during the experiment, these were discussed in this study and also recommendations for future research were then presented.
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Books on the topic "Behavioral thresholds"

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Breer, Vladimir V., Dmitry A. Novikov, and Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51865-7.

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Simon, Niemeyer, ESRC Environment and Human Behaviour Programme., and University of Birmingham. School of Geography., eds. Understanding thresholds in human behavior and responses to rapid climate change: ESRC Environment and Human Behavior Programme : working paper 04/01. School of Geography, University of B'ham, 2004.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Analyses of fatigue crack growth and closure near threshold conditions for large-crack behavior. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Analyses of fatigue crack growth and closure near threshold conditions for large-crack behavior. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Novikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir V. Breer, and Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer, 2018.

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Novikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir V. Breer, and Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.

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Mahesh, V. S. Thresholds of Motivation: Nurturing Human Growth in the Organization. Mcgraw-Hill, 1994.

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Rollmann, Sarah. The 40 percent threshold and "underclass" behaviors: A look at Minneapolis poverty. 2006.

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Sternberg, Sue. Assessing aggression thresholds in dogs: Using the Assess-a-Pet protocol to better understand aggression. 2017.

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Murray-Slutsky, Carolyn, and Betty A. Paris. Is It Sensory or Is It Behavior?: Behavior Problem Identification, Assessment, and Intervention. Hammill Institute on Disabilities, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Behavioral thresholds"

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Tutz, Gerhard. "The Thresholds Model: A Common Framework for Discrete and Continuous Responses." In Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87271-6_6.

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Coons, Michael James, and Jeremy Steglitz. "Pain Threshold." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1160.

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Coons, Michael James, and Jeremy Steglitz. "Pain Threshold." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1160.

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Macedo-Rego, Renato C., and Eduardo S. A. Santos. "Polygyny Threshold (Behavioral Ecology)." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3613-1.

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Macedo-Rego, Renato C., and Eduardo S. A. Santos. "Polygyny Threshold (Behavioral Ecology)." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_3613.

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Fukuhara, Makoto, Lin Wang, Shangning Tao, et al. "A Risk Evaluation Method of Unstable Slopes Using Multipoint Tilting Sensors." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 1, 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39012-8_11.

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AbstractSlope monitoring and early warning systems (EWS) are a promising approach toward mitigating landslide-induced disasters. Many large-scale sediment disasters result in the destruction of infrastructure and loss of human life. The mitigation of vulnerability to slope and landslide hazards will benefit significantly from early warning alerts. The authors have been developing monitoring technology that uses a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) tilt sensor array that detects the precursory movement of vulnerable slopes and informs the issuance of emergency caution and warning alerts. In this regard, the determination of alarm thresholds is very important. Although previous studies have investigated the recording of threshold values by an extensometer which installation at appropriate sites is rather difficult. The authors prefer tilt sensors and have proposed a novel threshold for the tilt angle, which was validated in this study. This threshold has an interesting similarity to the previously reported values using viscous models. Additionally, multi-point monitoring has recently emerged and allows for many sensors to be deployed at vulnerable slopes without disregarding the slope’s precursory local behavior. With this new technology, the detailed spatial and temporal variation of the behavior of vulnerable slopes can be determined as the displacement proceeds toward failure.
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Aman, Bogdan, and Gabriel Ciobanu. "Behavioural Types Inspired by Cellular Thresholds." In Software Engineering and Formal Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_3.

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Grønstøl, Gaute. "Polygyny Threshold Model." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_460.

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Grønstøl, Gaute. "Polygyny Threshold Model." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_460-1.

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Drăgoi, Vlad-Florin, and Valeriu Beiu. "Consecutive Systems Asymptotic Threshold Behaviors." In Soft Computing Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23636-5_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Behavioral thresholds"

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Schutz, R. W., M. Xiao, and T. A. Bednarowicz. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ti-3Al-8v-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo Alloy under Deep Sour Gas Well Conditions." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92051.

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Abstract Standard and Pd-enhanced Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo (Ti-38644 or Beta-C™ titanium) alloy plate, billet, and tubular materials were evaluated with respect to their SCC resistance in a simulated worst-case deep sour gas well environment up to 274° C (525° F). Long term C-ring tests of standard Ti-38644 tubulars revealed no SCC susceptibility below 232° C (450° F) within test matrix parameters. Slow strain rate (SSR) testing of standard Ti-38644 tubulars, however, produced much more conservative SCC thresholds of 163-177°C (325-350°F) for extruded/STA pipe and 177-191°C (350-375°F) for the more ductile cold pilgered/STA pipe. Stress cracking above these threshold temperatures was primarily transgranular cleavage and probably anodically controlled. SSR testing of all Pd-enhanced Ti-38644 products revealed SCC threshold improvements over standard Ti-38644 in the range of 42-83°C (75-150°F) in this worst-case environment. SCC resistance was synergistically elevated when both cold processing and Pd enhancement were incorporated into the Ti-38644 alloy product, achieving SCC thresholds in excess of 246°C (475°F). This SSR data base suggests that Pd-enhanced Ti-38644 can provide more than adequate SCC resistance for the worst-case deep sour gas well environments currently anticipated.
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Wang, Zheng, Zhenyuan Zhang, Yuqi Wang, Sihai Wen, Ying Liu, and Binxie Ren. "Threshold Method Incorporated CNN Based Non-invasive Load Behavior Identification." In 2024 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&CPS Asia). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpsasia61913.2024.10761688.

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Liu, Enduo, and Jialin Cai. "Threshold Optimized CSWPL Behavioral Model for RF Power Transistors Based on Cuckoo Search Algorithm." In 2024 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iws61525.2024.10713601.

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Thebault, Florian, Vincent Designolle, and Laurent Delattre. "Stress Cracking and Fatigue Resistance of Seamless Pipes for Hydrogen Storage and Transport Applications." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19050.

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Abstract With an increasing number of projects involving production and use of low-carbon hydrogen, the compatibility of assets for storage and transport of hydrogen gas shall be guaranteed. Fracture toughness resistance and corrosion fatigue behavior of a selection of seamless pipes for OCTG, pipeline and pressure vessels, in pressurized H2 service, is investigated. Fracture toughness evaluations were performed via fatigue pre-cracked bolt-load specimens exposed to 100 bar hydrogen gas during 1000 h at room temperature. All materials presented hydrogen stress intensity factor thresholds KIH largely above 55 MPa.m1/2, compliant with the ASME B31.12 option B requirement that defines materials requirements for hydrogen service. Corrosion fatigue tests were performed on compact tensile specimens, also prior pre-cracking. Fatigue crack growth rate measurements were determined from 0.01 to 30 Hz and load ratios at 0.1 or 0.9 for covering applications susceptible to present very different internal pressure variations during service life. A focus is given on the influence of load ratios on threshold ΔK for initiating fatigue in presence of hydrogen. Data provided can be used for building Failure Assessment Diagram, decisive tool for predicting the safe domain of usage of structures.
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Halder, Subir, Amrita Ghosal, Thomas Newe, and Sajal K. Das. "Dynamic Anomaly Threshold based Malicious Behavior Detection in LoRa-Assisted Industrial IoT." In 2025 IEEE 26th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/wowmom65615.2025.00023.

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Hatcher, P. R., and K. E. Szklarz. "Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of a Low Alloy Steel in Pressurized Dilute Brine Solutions." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92150.

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Abstract Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were conducted on low alloy steels in ambient air and pressurized dilute brine solutions with pH at 6.5 or 10.5, and pressure at 6.9 MPa. The load shedding technique was used to determine near-threshold FCP behavior. FCP rates in the brine solutions were compared with FCP rates in air. Results showed that a stress level or crack growth rate existed above which mechanical effects governed fatigue crack growth rates and below which corrosion at the crack tip accelerated growth rates. Under test conditions of 1 Hz and R=0.1 (ratio of minimum to maximum load), this transition occurred at a stress intensity factor range of approximately 30 MPa √m and a crack growth rate of 9x10−5 mm/cycle. Steel exposed to the brine at a pH of 6.5 exhibited higher crack growth rates than steel exposed to the brine at a pH of 10.5. The threshold stress intensity factor ranges in both fluids were higher than the threshold range in air. This was attributed to crack closure resulting from corrosion product buildup between the crack surfaces.
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Fischer, Thomas, Torben Fischer, and Cristiano Ceccato. "Distributed Agents for Morphologic and Behavioral Expression in Cellular Design Systems." In ACADIA 2002: Thresholds Between Physical and Virtual. ACADIA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.111.

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Goshorn, Edward, Kimberly Ward, Charles Marx, and Preston Lewis. "Relationship between behavioral and electrophysiological thresholds." In 2017 ICU Honolulu: Sixth International Congress on Ultrasonics. Acoustical Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000750.

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Odom, J. Vernon, and Gung-mei Chao. "Stereoacuity: A Preliminary Comparison of VEP and Behavioral Thresholds." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1986.md3.

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Stereopsis is one of the finest discriminations of the visual system. Not surprisingly, it is one of the discriminations most easily disrupted by abnormal visual experience. Therefore, tests of stereopsis have great premise as screening tests for abnormal visual function.
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Levina, Anna, Natalia Shiryaeva, Alexander Vaido, and Natalia Dyuzhikova. "LONG-TERM BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS DYNAMICS IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM EXCITABILITY THRESHOLDS." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2823.sudak.ns2022-18/206.

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Reports on the topic "Behavioral thresholds"

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Dufour-Simard, Xavier, Pierre-Carl Michaud, and Michael Smart. Is the elasticity of taxable income mostly an income effect ? CIRANO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54932/xpae6815.

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We use variation in marginal tax rates and in tax bracket thresholds at which they apply in order to identify the substitution and income effects of tax reforms. We use a triple-difference estimator that exploits variation from subnational tax reforms, for which behavioral responses to taxes are identified e ven i n t he p r esence o f unobservable shocks to the income distribution. While high-income taxpayers respond more to tax changes, our results suggest this reflects much more the income or salience effects of tax reforms, rather than inherent heterogeneity in substitution effects. We discuss the implications for optimal redistributive tax policies.
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Janas, Moritz, Nikos Nikiforakis, and Simon Siegenthaler. Eliciting Thresholds for Interdependent Behavior. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32847.

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Leis and Walsh. L51575 Mechanics-Based Analysis of SCC in a Carbonate-Bicarbonate Environment. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010306.

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Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs occasionally in line-pipe steels. Reviews of this cracking indicate that the environment is carbonate-bicarbonate and that the cracking is primarily intergranular. Research sponsored by the PRCI Line Pipe Research Supervisory Committee (LPRSC) has over the years identified metallurgical and electrochemical parameters as playing a role in the process. This work has also argued the significance of strain rate and its relationship to the service loading, given that dissolution is indicated as the controlling mechanism. While much has been learned about the mechanism of cracking, very little has been learned about how to directly relate the nucleation and growth of cracks to the loading, the metallurgy, and the environmental parameters. The continual development of new line-pipe steels, the probable development of reliable in-line inspection (ILI) tools to detect SCC, and the occasional discovery of cracking colonies during field surveys have recently centered attention on methods to rank line-pipe resistance to SCC and characterize crack-growth rates. Ranking line-pipe resistance to SCC may be done in terms of a threshold stress for nucleation of SCC or the rate of crack growth at some crack depth beyond nucleation. Estimating remaining life of cracks located by an ILI tool or confirmed in a field survey involves only crack growth rate data or data that define a threshold stress for continued growth. Recent attention of the SCC subgroup of the LPRSC, therefore, has focussed on experimental protocols to assess susceptibility, determine thresholds, and establish growth rate behavior. The tapered-tension test (TTT) has been developed to determine stress thresholds for crack nucleation, whereas several different prenotched or precracked geometries have been or are now being used to assess crack growth. Attention has also focussed on modelling SCC thresholds and crack growth behavior so that data developed under laboratory conditions can be adapted to assess field cracking situations. Models are being explored for both threshold and crack-growth conditions. This report presents the development and validation for a model that is being adapted to line-pipe problems for the SCC subgroup. This model deals with the threshold for and the growth of SCC cracks up to about 0.020-inch deep.
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Riggs, Lynn, Dean R. Hyslop, and David C. Maré. Estimating the impact of the Families Package changes in financial incentives. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.06.

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In this paper we analyse behavioural responses to changes in financial incentives associated with the 2018 Families Package. For this analysis, we followed the methods pioneered by Saez (2010) and Chetty et al. (2013), which use bunching around kink points in the income schedule to estimate the degree of behavioural response. In general, the role of financial incentives in labour supply behaviour has been the subject of investigation for many decades, and although there is considerable concern about adverse labour supply responses to increased generosity of benefits, the available evidence on labour supply responses is mixed and surprisingly muted. We find no evidence of response around the salient kink points related to the policy changes; however, in contrast to the lack of bunching around the policy points, we see clear evidence of bunching around the top two marginal tax rate (MTR) thresholds, as well as at twice these amounts by coupled parental units. This suggests the methodology is able to identify such behavioural responses if they exist. Moreover, according to the theoretical model established in Saez (2010), the degree of bunching around the MTR thresholds should be similar if not less than that around the Families Package policy points we examine. The results in that respect are surprising, though Saez (2010), Chetty et al. (2013), and others find that bunching tends to occur around high visibility, easily understood kink points which have large impacts on disposable income.
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Zanoni, Wladimir, Paul Carrillo-Maldonado, Juan Pantano, and Nicolás Chuquimarca. Irrational Bunching? Tax Regimes, Brackets, and Taxpayer Behaviors. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013005.

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In this study, we examine the behavior of self-employed taxpayers who “bunch" at an income level just below a critical threshold, which triggers a transition from a simple tax regime to a more complex one. Under the simple regime, individuals complete their tax forms independently, while the complex regime mandates the use of a public accountant for maintaining accounting records. Utilizing data from the Ecuadorian tax authority from 2011 to 2014, we initially observed and documented the bunching behavior prompted by the shift between regimes. Subsequently, we assess the impact of this regime transition on the amount of taxes paid by those self-employed taxpayers who choose to fill taxes in the complex regime. Our methodology employs both parametric and semi-parametric “donut” estimators to evaluate these effects. We find that the regime shift indeed prompts taxpayers to bunch below the income threshold, opting to remain within the simpler regime. Interestingly, those who transition into the complex regime tend to pay less in taxes. This pattern holds across various bunching windows and is consistent across several estimators used. Our results suggest that accountants are the key mechanism behind the effects, for they help taxpayers better navigate tax deductions and benefits, leading individuals to pay zero taxes.
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Anadu, Kenechukwu, Pablo Azar, Marco Cipriani, et al. Runs and Flights to Safety: Are Stablecoins the New Money Market Funds? Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1073.

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Stablecoins and money market funds both seek to provide investors with safe, money-like assets but are vulnerable to runs in times of stress. In this paper, we investigate similarities and differences between the two, comparing investor behavior during the stablecoin runs of 2022 and 2023 to investor behavior during the money market fund runs of 2008 and 2020. We document that, similarly to money market fund investors, stablecoin investors engage in flight to safety, with net flows from riskier to safer stablecoins during run periods. However, whereas in money market funds, run risk has historically materialized only in prime funds, with stablecoins, runs occurred in different stablecoin types across the 2022 and 2023 episodes. We also show that, similarly to intrafamily flows in money market funds, stablecoin flows tend to be within blockchains. Finally, for stablecoins, we estimate a discrete “break-the-buck” threshold of $0.99, below which redemptions accelerate.
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Christman. L51577 Prediction of SCC Susceptibility Based on Mechanical Properties of Line Pipe Steels. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010278.

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If a relationship between the deformation properties of a line pipe steel and its stress-corrosion cracking resistance can be established, then steels may be selected or designed for improved stress-corrosion resistance, based on their mechanical properties. Benefit: In this research program three line pipe steels, removed from long-term service, were examined to determine if there is a correlation between their mechanical properties and stress-corrosion cracking resistance. The hypothesis was that the steel with the greatest tendency for strain hardening, under cyclic and monotonic stress conditions would also have the highest threshold stress for stress-corrosion crack initiation. This hypothesis was verified by the laboratory experiments, which showed the steel with the greatest tendency for strain hardening to have the highest resistance to stress-corrosion. Two other steels, with distinctly lower resistance to plastic deformation, had lower threshold stresses for stress-corrosion. This observation is consistent with the present concept of stress-corrosion crack growth, which holds that crack tip dissolution, and hence crack propagation, occurs because localized plastic deformation ruptures passive films or prevents film formation resulting in crack growth. Result: The cyclic strain behavior of these three steels is consistent with their monotonic stress-strain curves. Both Steels A and B showed a point of extreme strain as the cyclic stress was increased. Their monotonic stress-strain curves both showed well pronounced yield points above which a considerable strain accompanied a small stress increment (low strain hardening). For both steels the rapid increase in cyclic strain occurred at approximately the elevated temperature yield point (\45 ksi for Steel A
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Sakulneya, Apidej, and Jeffery Roesler. Smart Construction Work-Zone Safety with V2I Passive Material Sensing. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-027.

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This study explored new vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) technology in construction work zones (CWZ), where speeding, unsafe driving behaviors, and drivers' failure to obey traffic signs contribute significantly to elevated accident rates and fatalities. The objective of this research to advance CWZ safety by evaluating the potential of 3-axis magnetometers attached to a moving cart and traversing over a pavement-assisted passive sensing system can improve vehicle lateral positioning and warning in CWZ. Secondly, to develop a process to implement a programmable ferromagnetic oxide material for roadway coatings to interface with vehicles containing magnetometers on a field site. The research testing used a custom-built cart equipped with multiple 3-axis magnetometer to detect EM signals from invisible markings composed of 10% and 20% CrO₂, that were created to alert for speed, lane merges, and lane-keeping. The invisible marking strips were oriented and positioned in various ways to test the repeatability and ability to reliable detect a signal and signature that could be interpreted with automated algorithm. The experimental test results were acquired in a parking and signal-processing technique was established that normalized the raw signals, removed background EM signals not related to the created EM signatures, filtered high- and low-frequency noise, and took the derivative of the EM flux density with respect to the number of points. The V2I signals in the Y and Z-axes occasionally failed to exceed the minimum threshold set for the experiments, but the X-axis signals consistently exceeded the minimum value of ±200nT throughout the testing. The minimum threshold signals were used to calculate the speed of the cart, indicate a lane merge, and determine the lateral lane position of the cart. The detected speed signals closely correlated with the GPS speed measurements on the cart as well as provided accurate cart positioning and maneuvering actions. This pilot study demonstrated the potential of V2I communication specifically EM pavement signatures to enhance CWZ safety and provide detectable and actionable feedback to the vehicle.
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Tacsir, Ezequiel, and Mariano Pereira. Gender Contribution to the Innovation-Productivity Relationship in the Wake of COVID-19: Evidence for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004770.

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This study presents new findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity and innovation for Caribbean firms, with particular focus on the effects on firm gender diversity and workforce composition. Research on the impact of women's participation on firm performance and innovation has so far produced mixed results, though there is some evidence to suggest that for Latin America, larger shares of women in the knowledge creation and innovation process may increase innovative behavior and, as a consequence, lead to greater labor productivity. In the current context, female participation in firms becomes an even more pressing issue, given the early indications of the pandemics disproportionately negative burden on women s income and jobs in different regions. We found that the gender composition of the personnel has an interesting direct effect on productivity. At the same time, our results show that the expected reductions in female personnel due to the pandemic, have a negative effect in the shares of female participation which, in turn, have the potential to nullify the mentioned productivity channel. This suggests the existence of a minimum threshold of female participation to profit from diversity. Hence, it seems that policy should focus particularly on protecting female jobs, particularly in the wake of dramatic shocks affecting revenues and/or employment.
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Roth, Christian. Evaluation of the In-vehicle Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023009.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Modern in-vehicle experiences are brimming with functionalities and convenience driven by automation, digitalization, and electrification. While automotive manufacturers are competing to provide the best systems to their customers, there is no common ground to evaluate these in-vehicle experiences as they become increasingly complex. Existing automotive guidelines do not offer thresholds for cognitive distraction, or—more appropriately—“disengagement.” What can researchers can do to change this?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Evaluation of the In-vehicle Experience&lt;/b&gt; discusses acceptable levels of disengagement by evaluating the driving context and exploring how system reliability can translate to distraction and frustration. It also covers the need to test systems for their complexity and ease of use, and to prevent users from resorting to alternative systems while driving (e.g., smartphones). It highlights the value in naturalistic data generation using vehicles already sold to customers and the issues around privacy and trust concerning such methods. Lastly, it talks about the opportunities and challenges behind developing automated testing methods for in-vehicle experiences that simulate human behavior and how to shorten evaluation timelines to enabling a much larger scale of systems testing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt;Click here to access the full SAE EDGE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt; Research Report portfolio.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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