Journal articles: 'Behaviour Driven Development'

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Diepenbeck, Melanie, Ulrich Kühne, Mathias Soeken, Daniel Grosse, and Rolf Drechsler. "Behaviour Driven Development for Hardware Design." IPSJ Transactions on System LSI Design Methodology 11 (2018): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtsldm.11.29.

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Lazăr, Ioan, Simona Motogna, and Bazil Pârv. "Behaviour-Driven Development of Foundational UML Components." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 264, no. 1 (August 2010): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2010.07.007.

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Sukhorukov, Aleksandr. "Problems of test-driven aspect-oriented development." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 38, no. 38 (January 1, 2009): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-009-0016-8.

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Problems of test-driven aspect-oriented developmentTest-driven development and aspect-oriented programming are relatively new development techniques each having its own benefits. However, using aspect-oriented language like AspectJ in test-driven development leads to new types of problems that do not appear if these two approaches are applied separately. These problems arise mainly because aspect-oriented paradigm breaks encapsulation principle - behaviour of class is not implemented just in class itself like in traditional object-oriented programming but can be heavily affected by many external aspects. Traditional unit tests designed to test a single unit are not sufficient any more because behaviour being tested is distributed through several units at once, so test design becomes more complicated. In order to efficiently use these two techniques together such problems have to be identified and ways to workaround them have to be discovered. This paper focuses on those problems, describing the most notable ones. Problem descriptions are based on experience with AspectJ, but most of them are common to any aspect-oriented language with similar features. Some empirically discovered principles are provided that help softening negative impact of those problems.

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Gilbert, James, Nicole Pearcy, Rupert Norman, Thomas Millat, Klaus Winzer, John King, Charlie Hodgman, Nigel Minton, and Jamie Twycross. "Gsmodutils: a python based framework for test-driven genome scale metabolic model development." Bioinformatics 35, no. 18 (February 13, 2019): 3397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz088.

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AbstractMotivationGenome scale metabolic models (GSMMs) are increasingly important for systems biology and metabolic engineering research as they are capable of simulating complex steady-state behaviour. Constraints based models of this form can include thousands of reactions and metabolites, with many crucial pathways that only become activated in specific simulation settings. However, despite their widespread use, power and the availability of tools to aid with the construction and analysis of large scale models, little methodology is suggested for their continued management. For example, when genome annotations are updated or new understanding regarding behaviour is discovered, models often need to be altered to reflect this. This is quickly becoming an issue for industrial systems and synthetic biotechnology applications, which require good quality reusable models integral to the design, build, test and learn cycle.ResultsAs part of an ongoing effort to improve genome scale metabolic analysis, we have developed a test-driven development methodology for the continuous integration of validation data from different sources. Contributing to the open source technology based around COBRApy, we have developed the gsmodutils modelling framework placing an emphasis on test-driven design of models through defined test cases. Crucially, different conditions are configurable allowing users to examine how different designs or curation impact a wide range of system behaviours, minimizing error between model versions.Availability and implementationThe software framework described within this paper is open source and freely available from http://github.com/SBRCNottingham/gsmodutils.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Indraratna, B., A. S. Balasubramaniam, P. Phamvan, and Y. K. Wong. "Development of negative skin friction on driven piles in soft Bangkok clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-044.

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This paper describes the results of short-term pullout tests and long-term full-scale measurements of negative skin friction on driven piles in Bangkok subsoils. Two instrumented cylindrical (hollow) prestressed concrete piles were fully equipped with two independent load-measurement systems, load cells, and telltale rods. Pore pressures and ground movements in the vicinity of the piles were monitored throughout the period of investigation. The effect of bitumen coating on negative skin friction was also studied. The long-term behaviour of driven piles was compared with the estimated values obtained from short-term pullout tests and soil strength data. It was found that the negative skin friction can be predicted well by the effective stress approach using values of β between 0.1 and 0.2. The load–settlement and load–transfer behaviour were numerically modelled to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of negative skin friction developed on driven piles. A settlement-controlled concept is also introduced for piles subjected to negative skin friction, on the basis of these findings. Key words : consolidation, downdrag, driven pile, embankment, finite elements, pore pressures, pullout, settlements, soft clay.

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Deakins, David, Martina Battisti, Alan Coetzer, and Hernan Roxas. "Predicting Management Development and Learning Behaviour in New Zealand SMEs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13, no. 1 (February 2012): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2012.0060.

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Despite concern on the part of policy makers to raise managerial capability in SMEs, there is little evidence on the key drivers of owner-manager participation in management development programmes. The authors argue that such participation is poorly understood. The paper develops a predictive model of the drivers of participation in sources of learning by owner-managers. It tests a theoretical model, based on the small firm as a learning organization, which posits that participation is driven by owner-managers' learning orientation and the extent of their belief in self-improvement. The implications of the results are discussed in light of the provision of management development programmes.

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Nassar, Dina Mamdouh, and Marwa Kamel El-Sayed. "Urban Challenge Meets Hidden Potentials: Sustainable Development of El-Max Fishermen Village in Alexandria, Egypt." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 4 (August 7, 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.95.

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Slum upgrading programs in Egypt focus mainly on the provision of essential services. Social and environmental needs are neglected resulting in critical issues. A community-driven approach is proposed to unfold the potential of slums by giving control of decisions and resources to the community.The research examines ‘El-Max’ Fishermen Village based on its potential due to its unique urban pattern and characteristics. It argues the ability of an informal settlement to reach sustainability goals through a community driven approach. It sets out a framework for urban development, emphasising social sustainability built on sound governance and good urban management.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Slum Upgrading; Sustainable Urban Development; Community-Driven Development (CDD); Urban Management.

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Lavallée, Jacqueline F., Trish A. Gray, Jo C. Dumville, and Nicky Cullum. "Preventing pressure injury in nursing homes: developing a care bundle using the Behaviour Change Wheel." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e026639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026639.

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ObjectiveTo develop, with nurse specialists and nursing home care staff, a theory and evidence-informedpressure injury preventioncare bundle for use in nursing home settings.DesignThe development of a care bundle.MethodsWe undertook a detailed, multistaged and theoretically driven development process. First, we identified evidence-informed pressure injury prevention practices: these formed an initial set of possible target behaviours to be considered for inclusion in the bundle. During a 4-hour workshop and supplemental email consultation with a total of 13 healthcare workers, we agreed the key target behaviours for the care bundle. We explored with staff the barriers and facilitators to prevention activity and defined intervention functions and behaviour change practices using the Behaviour Change Wheel.SettingNorth West England.ResultsThe target behaviours consisted of three elements: support surfaces, skin inspection and repositioning. We identified capability, opportunity and reflective motivation as influencing the pressure injury prevention behaviours of nursing home care staff. The intervention functions (education, training, modelling) and behaviour change techniques (information about social and environmental consequences, information on health consequences, feedback on behaviour, feedback on the outcome of behaviour, prompts/cues, instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of behaviour) were incorporated into the care bundle.ConclusionThis is the first description of a pressure injury prevention care bundle for nursing homes developed using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Key stakeholders identified and prioritised the appropriate target behaviours to aid pressure injury prevention in a nursing home setting.

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Jansson, J., J. Olofsson, and K. Salomonsson. "Simulation-driven product development of cast components with allowance for process-induced material behaviour." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa008.

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Abstract This paper presents a methodology that can be used to consider local variations in thermomechanical and thermophysical material properties, residual stresses, and strength-differential effects in finite element analyses of cast components. The methodology is based on applying process simulations and structural analyses together with experimentally established, or already available literature data, in order to describe element-specific material variations. A cast-iron cylinder head was used in order to evaluate the influence of several simplifications that are commonly performed in computer aided engineering. It is shown that non-trivial errors of a potentially large magnitude are introduced by not considering residual stresses, compressive behaviour, temperature dependence, and process-induced material property variations. By providing design engineers with tools that allow them to consider the complex relationships between these aspects early in the development phase, cast components have the potential to be further optimized with respect to both weight and performance.

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Arnall, Alex, David S. G. Thomas, Chasca Twyman, and Diana Liverman. "NGOs, elite capture and community-driven development: perspectives in rural Mozambique." Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x13000037.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines the problems of elite capture in community-driven development (CDD). Drawing on two case studies of non-governmental organisation (NGO) intervention in rural Mozambique, the authors consider two important variables – (1) the diverse and complex contributions of local elites to CDD in different locations and (2) the roles that non-elites play in monitoring and controlling leader activities – to argue that donors should be cautious about automatically assuming the prevalence of malevolent patrimonialism and its ill-effects in their projects. This is because the ‘checks and balances’ on elite behaviour that exist within locally defined and historically rooted forms of community-based governance are likely to be more effective than those introduced by the external intervener.

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Okajima, Kei, Shunsuke Shigaki, Takanobu Suko, Duc-Nhat Luong, Cesar Hernandez Reyes, Yuya Hattori, Kazushi Sanada, and Daisuke Kurabayashi. "A novel framework based on a data-driven approach for modelling the behaviour of organisms in chemical plume tracing." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 181 (August 2021): 20210171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0171.

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We propose a data-driven approach for modelling an organism's behaviour instead of conventional model-based strategies in chemical plume tracing (CPT). CPT models based on this approach show promise in faithfully reproducing organisms’ CPT behaviour. To construct the data-driven CPT model, a training dataset of the odour stimuli input toward the organism is needed, along with an output of the organism’s CPT behaviour. To this end, we constructed a measurement system comprising an array of alcohol sensors for the measurement of the input and a camera for tracking the output in a real scenario. Then, we determined a transfer function describing the input–output relationship as a stochastic process by applying Gaussian process regression, and established the data-driven CPT model based on measurements of the organism’s CPT behaviour. Through CPT experiments in simulations and a real environment, we evaluated the performance of the data-driven CPT model and compared its success rate with those obtained from conventional model-based strategies. As a result, the proposed data-driven CPT model demonstrated a better success rate than those obtained from conventional model-based strategies. Moreover, we considered that the data-driven CPT model could reflect the aspect of an organism’s adaptability that modulated its behaviour with respect to the surrounding environment. However, these useful results came from the CPT experiments conducted in simple settings of simulations and a real environment. If making the condition of the CPT experiments more complex, we confirmed that the data-driven CPT model would be less effective for locating an odour source. In this way, this paper not only poses major contributions toward the development of a novel framework based on a data-driven approach for modelling an organism’s CPT behaviour, but also displays a research limitation of a data-driven approach at this stage.

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Moe, Myint Myint. "Comparative Study of Test-Driven Development TDD, Behavior-Driven Development BDD and Acceptance Test–Driven Development ATDD." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23698.

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Demartoto, Argyo, and Akhmad Ramdhon. "Community Driven Development in Slum Management in Covid-19 Era." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131701063.

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Covid-19 pandemic spreads more widely in Indonesia. As a developing country with high population growth, urban areas in Indonesia are getting denser along with the high urbanization rate. Limited land in urban areas generates slums, for example, in Surakarta. The slum management phenomenon in Surakarta, Indonesia, is the object of this case study research using Community-driven development (CDD) theory. Data on public participation in slum environment arrangement and management in Surakarta was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and observation on and documentation related to the phenomenon. The result of the research showed some stages of slum arrangement in Surakarta: planning using FGD method conducted by citizens and stakeholders; implementing slum arrangement and management through repairing irrigation channel, providing feasible sanitation facility, building public open space, and developing Liquid Waste Processing Installation, and reviewing and evaluating the implementation of slum arrangement and management in Surakarta. The environment cleanliness and health maintaining behaviour is important to be habituated in urban communities to suppress Covid-19 transmission rate.

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Murillo-Zegarra, Miluska, Carla Ruiz-Mafe, and Silvia Sanz-Blas. "The Effects of Mobile Advertising Alerts and Perceived Value on Continuance Intention for Branded Mobile Apps." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 6753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176753.

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This paper examines consumers’ behaviours towards mobile advertising alerts offered by branded mobile apps in the fashion industry. While consumer-driven factors have attracted much attention, little research has examined the impact of data-driven mobile advertising alerts on consumer continuance intention for branded mobile apps. This paper analyses the combined influence of consumer beliefs, data-driven mobile advertising alerts, and perceived value on mobile advertising acceptance, intention to repurchase, and recommendation behaviour towards branded mobile apps on social media. In total, 340 valid responses from Spanish customers of an online fashion outlet, all social media users, who make their purchases from the company exclusively through its branded mobile application, were analysed to test the hypotheses, using structural equation modelling. The results showed that mobile advertising acceptance, intention to repurchase, and recommendation behaviour are driven by the perceived value of the branded mobile app. Perceived value is determined by the usefulness of the branded mobile app, attitudes towards mobile advertising alerts, and irritation. Mobile advertising content (informativeness and credibility) improves attitudes towards mobile advertising alerts. Ease of use increases perceived usefulness, while perceived control decreases irritation. Managerial implications are provided.

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Vandenbroeck David et al.,, Vandenbroeck David et al ,. "Bridging the Communication Gap between Business and it with Behaviour-Driven Development, A Custom Approach." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 10315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020987.

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Carrera, Álvaro, Carlos A. Iglesias, and Mercedes Garijo. "Beast methodology: An agile testing methodology for multi-agent systems based on behaviour driven development." Information Systems Frontiers 16, no. 2 (July 18, 2013): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10796-013-9438-5.

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Zia Khan, Naheed. "Instinctive Behaviour, Producer Surplus, and Corporate Social Responsibility." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.631-642.

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In a broader sense, CSR became an issue mainly in the recent years. The evolution of this phenomenon is largely to be credited to the neoliberalist era that began in the last quarter of the 20th century and continues to dominate the new millennium. Not surprisingly, the conceptual and operational definitions of CSR are subject to as many controversies and disappointments as is the outcome of neoliberalist economics manifested in looming threats to social, economic and environmental sustainability. The scope of this study is, however, only limited to addressing the issue of CSR. The analysis is carried out by adopting an inductive approach while probing into both interconnected aspects and disconnected separate currents of the phenomenon. The interconnectivity of CSR relates the capitalist paradigm with the individual/collective human behaviour. The disconnection on the other hand refers to specific real world issues with local and global contexts involving simultaneous but unequal capitalist development in the North and the South. The paper is divided into three parts. Part 1 reflects on the relationship between instinctive and ethical behaviour of the entrepreneurs. The former is driven by the motivational force of self-interest exhibited in efforts to accumulate producer surplus, while the latter demands social responsibility under the influence of intrinsic and/or extrinsic regulations. Part II presents a brief review of the literature on CSR, largely relating to the corporate sector in the North. Finally, Part III of the paper analyses the literature on CSR in the developing countries and highlights its recent origins in a world where Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) are increasingly underscoring the North-South divide in gains from economic globalisation.

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Docherty, Barbara, Nicolette Sheridan, and Timothy Kenealy. "Developing Brief Opportunistic Interactions: practitioners facilitate patients to identify and change health risk behaviours at an early preventive stage." Primary Health Care Research & Development 17, no. 04 (November 20, 2015): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423615000511.

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AimTo identify shortcomings in existing models of patient behaviour change, and present the development and testing of a novel approach using practitioner facilitation and person-focussed conversations that identifies and addresses behaviours at an earlier stage than current models.BackgroundSystematic strategies used by health professionals to change patient behaviours began with motivational interviewing and brief intervention approaches for serious addictive behaviours. Practitioners typically presume they should drive the process of patient behaviour change. Attempts to transfer these approaches to primary care, and a broader range of health risk behaviours, have been less successful. The TADS programme (Tobacco, Alcohol and Other Drugs, later Training and Development Services) began teaching motivational interviewing and brief interventions to practitioners in New Zealand in 1996. Formal and informal evaluations showed that practitioners used screening tools that patients rejected and that led to incomplete disclosure, used language that did not engage patients, failed to identify the behaviours patients wished to address and therefore misdirected interventions.MethodsIterative development of new tools with input from patients and primary care clinicians.FindingsThe TADS programme developed a questionnaire whose results remained private to the patient, which enabled the patient to identify personal behaviours that they might choose to change (the TADS Personal Assessment Choice Tool). This was assisted by a brief conversation that facilitated and supported any change prioritised by the patient (the TADS Brief Opportunistic Interaction). The need for this approach, and its effectiveness, appeared to be similar across adults, youth, different ethnic groups and people in different socio-economic circumstances. Behaviours patients identified were often linked to other health risk behaviours or early-stage mental health disorders that were not easily detected by practitioner-driven screening or inquiry. The long-term effectiveness of this approach in different populations in primary health care settings requires further evaluation.

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Certosini, Cesare, Francesco Vinattieri, Renzo Capitani, and Claudio Annicchiarico. "Development of a real-time steering system model for driving simulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (October 8, 2018): 2701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018804389.

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Driving simulators have boosted the vehicle design with the introduction of human beings in the simulation loop. For a realistic functioning, the steering system must provide an accurate behaviour, since the hand wheel is a crucial human interface. Despite a large diffusion of steering models, this paper deals with the creation of a specific solution for real-time applications, characterized by precise features as numerical stability and low computational cost. The proposed model is based on a physical structure and considers all the key phenomena, such as the system elasticities, the power steering effects and friction hysteresis, making the model more accurate in terms of steering wheel torque and lateral acceleration than other angle-driven models. Its two degrees of freedom design allows a proper behaviour of the power steering sub-model; another key aspect is the friction model: the use of the LuGre formulation greatly improves accuracy and stability in comparison to the lookup table friction models. Compared to the literature reference torque-driven model, it does not need the use of a torque sensor when implemented in driving simulators having an angle-driven formulation (the input of the steering wheel is its angle and the torque needed is its output), hence it is cheaper to implement; nevertheless, its accuracy is close to state-of-art reference. An original parametrization procedure is proposed since a generalized one is not available in literature; using a steering test-rig, all the model variables are defined. The validation phase combines offline and online simulations, assessing objectively and subjectively the model’s capabilities and showing accurate results in terms of steering wheel torque, lateral acceleration and steering feeling. In addition, a minor contribution of this paper shows how different analyses (steering effort evaluation, experimental data comparison or simulator feedback computation) require different output torques.

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Kurz, Veronika, Stefan Hüsig, and Michael Dowling. "What drives different employee types of innovative behaviour? Development and test of an integrative model of employee driven innovation in German firms." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 22, no. 4/5 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2018.092955.

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Kurz, Veronika, Stefan Hüsig, and Michael Dowling. "What drives different employee types of innovative behaviour? Development and test of an integrative model of employee driven innovation in German firms." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 22, no. 4/5 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2018.10013635.

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Ke, Qiulin, and Karen Sieracki. "Exploring sentiment-driven trading behaviour of different types of investors in the London office market." Journal of Property Research 36, no. 2 (March 22, 2019): 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09599916.2019.1593220.

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Hermawan, Dedy, and Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung. "Development of community participation based on behaviour in managing participative programs." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 32, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v32i32019.312-322.

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The government uses the participation approach in the efforts to overcome the socio-economic problem capacity within the community since it was able to increase community empowerment indirectly, even though to the probability of fake participation in the program implementation still exist. The purpose of this research is to find out the participation form that raised by the government programs, by looking at the community behaviour factors that determine the success of participation and a behaviour-based model of community participation to overcome the participation problem. The research type is descriptive with a qualitative approach through the application of several methods of data collection, in-depth interviews, secondary data studies and observations. The informants of this study were 20 people from local government, program implementers and target groups. The analysis data is using the qualitative technique. The results identified the typology of participation that emerged in the management of community participation programs in Lampung Province in the area of non-participation, delegation of authority and partnerships. The conditions of participation that occur driven by community behaviour factors. Consist of three factors, namely: 1) Trust or opportunity to participate; 2) Ability to participate, and 3) Willingness to participate in each activity determined by the presence or absence of the interests concerned. In the end, a behaviour-based participation management model built by adopting the concept of community engagement and personal engagement.

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EVANS, CLIVE W., PAUL CZIKO, CHI-HING CHRISTINA CHENG, and ARTHUR L. DEVRIES. "Spawning behaviour and early development in the naked dragonfish Gymnodraco acuticeps." Antarctic Science 17, no. 3 (August 17, 2005): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102005002749.

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Nesting sites of the naked dragonfish Gymnodraco acuticeps have been identified in 15–35 m water under fast ice adjacent to McMurdo Station, making it possible to examine embryonic development and early larval growth. Egg-laying (predominantly in October) is preceded by a distinctive whirling behavioural pattern driven by the male prodding the side of the female's abdomen. The eggs (3.42 ± 0.19 mm in diameter) are laid on rocks as a single adherent layer (c. 2500 per patch). Development is unusually protracted, the first cleavage occurring after about 24 hr at about −1.9°C. Hatching occurs about 10 months post-fertilization, beginning soon after the sun rises above the horizon. During this period one of the parents may act as a guard in an attempt to keep predators at bay. Upon hatching, the larvae (12.09 ± 0.36 mm long) swim towards the surface ice where they presumably seek refuge. Yolk absorption is complete in about 15 days. Larvae (grown in aquaria at a density of 0.7 larvae l−1) display an average daily growth rate of 0.42% over nine weeks. Hatching in aquaria can occur up to 100 days in advance of that seen in the field, suggesting that under natural conditions hatching may be delayed until an appropriate stimulus (such as the return of the sun) is received.

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Luesse, Hiershenee B., Pamela Koch, and Isobel R. Contento. "Applying the nutrition education DESIGN procedure to the development of the In Defence of Food Curriculum." Health Education Journal 78, no. 7 (May 22, 2019): 824–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919850597.

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Objective: This study describes the use of the Nutrition Education DESIGN Procedure for developing the In Defence of Food Curriculum, a health education curriculum serving as the companion guide to the In Defence of Food documentary film based on the book with the same title. Design: The DESIGN Procedure is a systematic stepwise framework that produces behaviourally focused, theory-driven health education programmes and evaluation plans. Methods: DESIGN begins with an audience assessment and literature review that guides the selection of desired behaviours and psycho-social theory. For the In Defence of Food Curriculum, the desired behaviour changes were increased intake of whole/minimally processed plant-based foods and decreased intake of highly processed foods. A theoretical framework combining social cognitive and social determination theories guided programme development and evaluation plans. Education theory guided translating this framework into a ready-to-deliver curriculum. DESIGN aims to ensure alignment of theory determinants/mediators, behaviour change strategies, objectives, instructional activities and evaluation measures for systematically addressing desired behaviour changes. Over the course of 10 lessons, young people participate in interactive activities that explore the benefits of healthy eating, while appreciating how the ubiquity of heavily marketed and highly processed foods make healthy eating challenging. The evaluation plan guides measurement of target behaviours and the theory-based determinants/mediators. Results: This case study describes the development of the In Defence of Food curriculum using the DESIGN Procedure and demonstrates how a comprehensive and structured method for health education curriculum development and evaluation planning can be applied. Conclusion: The DESIGN Procedure has relevance for researchers, practitioners and programme planners.

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Phillips, B. F., and P. S. McWilliam. "The Pelagic Phase of Spiny Lobster Development." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-264.

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A reappraisal of the pelagic phase of development in palinurid lobsters, in conjunction with recent oceanographic data, shows that the ontogenetic changes in the vertical migratory behaviour of phyllosoma larvae operate as a biological strategy to effect larval recruitment. Wind-driven surface currents can transport the larvae in the opposite direction to the general circulation of the upper 300 m water layer. Ocean circulation charts are unreliable indicators of likely paths of larval transport because of their gross scale, lack of seasonal information, and the absence of indications of wind-driven surface currents. The majority of larvae are transported beyond the continental shelf to areas greater than 100 km offshore. This appears to be the principal source of larval recruitment to benthic populations, although some local recruitment from coastal areas may occur. Larval transport between populations of Jasus sp. in the Southern Ocean appears likely but is unconfirmed. For some insular populations this may be the sole, or major, source of recruitment. Delayed development of phyllosomata, or of pueruli, may account for year-round settlement in some species. Salinity changes are implicated as a factor stimulating metamorphosis from the final phyllosoma larval stage. The pelagic phase is completed by the nektonic, puerulus stage which swims (possibly directionally) across the continental shelf before settling and metamorphosing into the benthic stage.

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Kannengiesser, Udo, and John S. Gero. "What distinguishes a model of systems engineering from other models of designing? An ontological, data-driven analysis." Research in Engineering Design 33, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 129–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-021-00382-9.

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AbstractThis paper investigates how the core technical processes of the INCOSE model of systems engineering differ from other models of designing used in the domains of mechanical engineering, software engineering and service design. The study is based on fine-grained datasets produced using mappings of the different models onto the function-behaviour-structure (FBS) ontology. By representing every model uniformly, the same statistical analyses can be carried out independently of the domain of the model. Results of correspondence analysis, cumulative occurrence analysis and Markov model analysis show that the INCOSE model differs from the other models in its increased emphasis on requirements and on behaviours derived from structure, in the uniqueness of its verification and validation phases, and in some patterns related to the temporal development and frequency distributions of FBS design issues.

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Rostami, Nasrin, Mohsen Khyareh, and Reza Mazhari. "Competitiveness, entrepreneurship, and economic performance: Evidence from factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries." Ekonomski anali 64, no. 221 (2019): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1921033r.

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Many scholars have highlighted the importance of economic competitiveness for entrepreneurial activity, and hence economic growth. However, few studies quantitatively analyse the interrelationship between competitiveness and its role in increasing entrepreneurial activity at various stages of development. The aim of this study is to fill this gap in the entrepreneurship literature and to study the causal relationship between the ?pillars? of competitiveness and the different macroeconomic effects of entrepreneurship, mediated by entrepreneurial behaviour, in a panel of 81 factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries during 2012-2017. Using a MIMIC model, the results show that innovation, higher education, and technological readiness have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the three groups of countries. In addition, development of the financial market and market size has a positive impact on entrepreneurship in factor-driven countries. Higher education and institutional strengthening have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurship in the efficiency- and innovation-driven countries, but are not significant in factor-driven countries. Moreover, the impact of infrastructure on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the factor-, efficiency-, and innovationdriven countries is positive. Good entrepreneurial behaviour generates a simultaneous and/or medium-term favourable effect on the growth of gross domestic product, exports, imports, and employment rate. Therefore, besides immediate growth, it also assures sustainable economic and social progress in the analysed countries. Our results confirm previous findings of empirical studies in the field. These findings are consistent with received economic theory on how national context affects entrepreneurial activity.

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Naspi, Federica, Marco Arnesano, Francesca Stazi, Marco D’Orazio, and Gian Marco Revel. "Measuring Occupants’ Behaviour for Buildings’ Dynamic Cosimulation." Journal of Sensors 2018 (November 26, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2756542.

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Measuring and identifying human behaviours are key aspects to support the simulation processes that have a significant role in buildings’ (and cities’) design and management. In fact, layout assessments and control strategies are deeply influenced by the prediction of building performance. However, the missing inclusion of the human component within the building-related processes leads to large discrepancies between actual and simulated outcomes. This paper presents a methodology for measuring specific human behaviours in buildings and developing human-in-the-loop design applied to retrofit and renovation interventions. The framework concerns the detailed building monitoring and the development of stochastic and data-driven behavioural models and their coupling within energy simulation software using a cosimulation approach. The methodology has been applied to a real case study to illustrate its applicability. A one-year monitoring has been carried out through a dedicated sensor network for the data recording and to identify the triggers of users’ actions. Then, two stochastic behavioural models (i.e., one for predicting light switching and one for window opening) have been developed (using the measured data) and coupled within the IESVE simulation software. A simplified energy model of the case study has been created to test the behavioural approach. The outcomes highlight that the behavioural approach provides more accurate results than a standard one when compared to real profiles. The adoption of behavioural profiles leads to a reduction of the discrepancy with respect to real profiles up to 58% and 26% when simulating light switching and ventilation, respectively, in comparison to standard profiles. Using data-driven techniques to include the human component in the simulation processes would lead to better predictions both in terms of energy use and occupants’ comfort sensations. These aspects can be also included in building control processes (e.g., building management systems) to enhance the environmental and system management.

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Hägerling, René, Cathrin Pollmann, Ludmila Kremer, Volker Andresen, and Friedemann Kiefer. "Intravital two-photon microscopy of lymphatic vessel development and function using a transgenic Prox1 promoter-directed mOrange2 reporter mouse." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 6 (November 21, 2011): 1674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110722.

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Lymphatic vessels, the second vascular system of higher vertebrates, are indispensable for fluid tissue homoeostasis, dietary fat resorption and immune surveillance. Not only are lymphatic vessels formed during fetal development, when the lymphatic endothelium differentiates and separates from blood endothelial cells, but also lymphangiogenesis occurs during adult life under conditions of inflammation, wound healing and tumour formation. Under all of these conditions, haemopoietic cells can exert instructive influences on lymph vessel growth and are essential for the vital separation of blood and lymphatic vessels. LECs (lymphatic endothelial cells) are characterized by expression of a number of unique genes that distinguish them from blood endothelium and can be utilized to drive reporter genes in a lymph endothelial-specific fashion. In the present paper, we describe the Prox1 (prospero homeobox protein 1) promoter-driven expression of the fluorescent protein mOrange2, which allows the specific intravital visualization of lymph vessel growth and behaviour during mouse fetal development and in adult mice.

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Selman, Moisés, Carlos López-Otín, and Annie Pardo. "Age-driven developmental drift in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00398-2016.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually lethal disease of unknown aetiology. A growing body of evidence supports that IPF represents an epithelial-driven process characterised by aberrant epithelial cell behaviour, fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix with the subsequent destruction of the lung architecture. The mechanisms involved in the abnormal hyper-activation of the epithelium are unclear, but we propose that recapitulation of pathways and processes critical to embryological development associated with a tissue specific age-related stochastic epigenetic drift may be implicated. These pathways may also contribute to the distinctive behaviour of IPF fibroblasts. Genomic and epigenomic studies have revealed that wingless/Int, sonic hedgehog and other developmental signalling pathways are reactivated and deregulated in IPF. Moreover, some of these pathways cross-talk with transforming growth factor-β activating a profibrotic feedback loop. The expression pattern of microRNAs is also dysregulated in IPF and exhibits a similar expression profile to embryonic lungs. In addition, senescence, a process usually associated with ageing, which occurs early in alveolar epithelial cells of IPF lungs, likely represents a conserved programmed developmental mechanism. Here, we review the major developmental pathways that get twisted in IPF, and discuss the connection with ageing and potential therapeutic approaches.

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Mizunami, Makoto, Sho Hirohata, Ai Sato, Ryoichi Arai, Kanta Terao, Misato Sato, and Yukihisa Matsumoto. "Development of behavioural automaticity by extended Pavlovian training in an insect." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (January 9, 2019): 20182132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2132.

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The effect of repetitive training on learned actions has been a major subject in behavioural neuroscience. Many studies of instrumental conditioning in mammals, including humans, suggested that learned actions early in training are goal-driven and controlled by outcome expectancy, but they become more automatic and insensitive to reduction in the value of the outcome after extended training. It was unknown, however, whether the development of value-insensitive behaviour also occurs by extended training of Pavlovian conditioning in any animals. Here we show that crickets Gryllus bimaculatus that had received minimal training to associate an odour with water (unconditioned stimulus, US) did not exhibit conditioned response (CR) to the odour when they were given water until satiation before the test, but those that had received extended training exhibited CR even when they were satiated with water. Further pharmacological experiments suggested that octopamine neurons, the invertebrate counterparts of noradrenaline neurons, mediate US value signals and control execution of CR after minimal training, but the control diminishes with the progress of training and hence the CR becomes insensitive to US devaluation. The results suggest that repetitive sensory experiences can lead to a change from a goal-driven response to a more automatic one in crickets.

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Judas, Milos, and Ivica Kostovic. "Maturation of Cerebral Connections and Fetal Behavior." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, no. 3 (2008): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1068.

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Abstract Modern imaging methods enabled systematic studies of fetal behaviour as well as a continuation of that behaviour in prematurely born infants (for a review, see 1-4). The following question represents a great challenge for human developmental neurobiologist: what is the neurobiological basis of various behavioural patterns observed in human fetuses and preterm infants?2 First of all, it is essential to determine whether there is an early spontaneous (nonsensory- driven) activity and to what extent the cerebrum and the cerebral cortex may be involved. In addition, it is necessary to describe for each successive phase, the developmental status of neuronal circuitry and synaptic organization. In this review, we present evidence on the development of cortical connections during different phases of fetal development and evaluate a possible functional significance of cerebral involvement.

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Modolo, Julien, Alexandre Legros, Alex W. Thomas, and Anne Beuter. "Model-driven therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders: reshaping brain rhythms with neuromodulation." Interface Focus 1, no. 1 (November 17, 2010): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0509.

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Electric stimulation has been investigated for several decades to treat, with various degrees of success, a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Historically, the development of these methods has been largely empirical but has led to a remarkably efficient, yet invasive treatment: deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, the efficiency of DBS is limited by our lack of understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms and by the complex relationship existing between brain processing and behaviour. Biophysical modelling of brain activity, describing multi-scale spatio-temporal patterns of neuronal activity using a mathematical model and taking into account the physical properties of brain tissue, represents one way to fill this gap. In this review, we illustrate how biophysical modelling is beginning to emerge as a driving force orienting the development of innovative brain stimulation methods that may move DBS forward. We present examples of modelling works that have provided fruitful insights in regards to DBS underlying mechanisms, and others that also suggest potential improvements for this neurosurgical procedure. The reviewed literature emphasizes that biophysical modelling is a valuable tool to assist a rational development of electrical and/or magnetic brain stimulation methods tailored to both the disease and the patient's characteristics.

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Plygawko, Andrew T., Shohei Kan, and Kyra Campbell. "Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity: emerging parallels between tissue morphogenesis and cancer metastasis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1809 (August 24, 2020): 20200087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0087.

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Many cells possess epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which allows them to shift reversibly between adherent, static and more detached, migratory states. These changes in cell behaviour are driven by the programmes of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), both of which play vital roles during normal development and tissue homeostasis. However, the aberrant activation of these processes can also drive distinct stages of cancer progression, including tumour invasiveness, cell dissemination and metastatic colonization and outgrowth. This review examines emerging common themes underlying EMP during tissue morphogenesis and malignant progression, such as the context dependence of EMT transcription factors, a central role for partial EMTs and the nonlinear relationship between EMT and MET. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis'.

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Hume, Linda, Nadia Khan, and Martin Reilly. "Building capable environments using practice leadership." Tizard Learning Disability Review 26, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-07-2020-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the development and piloting of a training intervention for social care staff that uses a capable environments framework to improve the quality of staff support. Design/methodology/approach A single case study was used to evaluate changes in the quality of staff support and in levels of engagement and challenging behaviour for one of the individuals supported. Findings The case study demonstrates the usefulness of the capable environments framework as a model for training and development of support planning. Staff provided more positive interaction and support to the individual, who displayed increased participation in activities and reductions in the occurrence and episodic severity of challenging behaviour. Originality/value Capable environments is a systematic, theoretically-driven approach, which is focussed on the quality of support design and provision for people with intellectual disability. The use of such a framework as an intervention assists staff in the provision of effective personalised supports, a foundation for positive behaviour support.

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Trad, Antoine. "The Business Transformation Enterprise Architecture Framework." International Journal of Distributed Artificial Intelligence 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 74–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdai.2021010104.

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This chapter's author based his cross-functional research on an authentic and proprietary mixed research method that is supported by intelligent neural networks combined with a heuristics motor, named the applied mathematical model (AMM). The proposed AMM base functions like the human empiric decision-making process that can be compared to the behaviour-driven development. The AMM is supported by many real-life cases of business and architecture transformation projects in the domain of intelligent strategic development and operations (iSDevOps) that is supported by the alignment of various standards and development strategies that biases the standard market development and operations (DevOps) procedures, which are Sisyphean tasks.

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Kuniyoshi, Yasuo. "Fusing autonomy and sociality via embodied emergence and development of behaviour and cognition from fetal period." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1771 (March 11, 2019): 20180031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0031.

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Human-centred AI/Robotics are quickly becoming important. Their core claim is that AI systems or robots must be designed and work for the benefits of humans with no harm or uneasiness. It essentially requires the realization of autonomy, sociality and their fusion at all levels of system organization, even beyond programming or pre-training. The biologically inspired core principle of such a system is described as the emergence and development of embodied behaviour and cognition. The importance of embodiment, emergence and continuous autonomous development is explained in the context of developmental robotics and dynamical systems view of human development. We present a hypothetical early developmental scenario that fills in the very beginning part of the comprehensive scenarios proposed in developmental robotics. Then our model and experiments on emergent embodied behaviour are presented. They consist of chaotic maps embedded in sensory–motor loops and coupled via embodiment. Behaviours that are consistent with embodiment and adaptive to environmental structure emerge within a few seconds without any external reward or learning. Next, our model and experiments on human fetal development are presented. A precise musculo-skeletal fetal body model is placed in a uterus model. Driven by spinal nonlinear oscillator circuits coupled together via embodiment, somatosensory signals are evoked and learned by a model of the cerebral cortex with 2.6 million neurons and 5.3 billion synapses. The model acquired cortical representations of self–body and multi-modal sensory integration. This work is important because it models very early autonomous development in realistic detailed human embodiment. Finally, discussions toward human-like cognition are presented including other important factors such as motivation, emotion, internal organs and genetic factors. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction’.

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Dos Santos Martins, Rui Helder. "Sustainable Development Requires an Integrated Design Discipline to Address Unique Problems." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i1.179.

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Sustainable development has taken centre stage in our global conscience. Until recently, wehave been focused on economic prosperity, driven by the mechanistic worldviewof the scientific method. Once the cracks appeared, as a society, we have beenlooking for a deeper meaning and approach to life. Through a literature review,the paper proposes that current ‘experts’, using the engineering profession asan example, are not able to address the wicked problems confronting us, sincethey prevail within the reductionist mode of knowledge production. We needdesign thinkers - who are natural systemic practitioners -to solve systemicproblems, which is characterised by sustainable development.A futuresecond paper will draw on the behaviour of non-linear, complex adaptive systemsas self-organising emergence at the edge of chaos and re-interpret the designthinking process in a way which encompasses the intuitive, non-linear andqualitative way in which sustainable development problems need to be addressed.

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Dos Santos Martins, Rui Helder. "Sustainable Development Requires an Integrated Design Discipline to Address Unique Problems." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss1pp28-35.

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Sustainable development has taken centre stage in our global conscience. Until recently, wehave been focused on economic prosperity, driven by the mechanistic worldviewof the scientific method. Once the cracks appeared, as a society, we have beenlooking for a deeper meaning and approach to life. Through a literature review,the paper proposes that current ‘experts’, using the engineering profession asan example, are not able to address the wicked problems confronting us, sincethey prevail within the reductionist mode of knowledge production. We needdesign thinkers - who are natural systemic practitioners -to solve systemicproblems, which is characterised by sustainable development.A futuresecond paper will draw on the behaviour of non-linear, complex adaptive systemsas self-organising emergence at the edge of chaos and re-interpret the designthinking process in a way which encompasses the intuitive, non-linear andqualitative way in which sustainable development problems need to be addressed.

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Krebs, G., M. A. Waszczuk, H. M. S. Zavos, D. Bolton, and T. C. Eley. "Genetic and environmental influences on obsessive–compulsive behaviour across development: a longitudinal twin study." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 7 (December 12, 2014): 1539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714002761.

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BackgroundLittle is known about the factors influencing the stability of obsessive–compulsive behaviour (OCB) from childhood to adolescence. The current study aimed to investigate: (1) the stability of paediatric OCB over a 12-year period; (2) the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence stability; and (3) the extent to which these influences are stable or dynamic across development.MethodThe sample included 14 743 twins from a population-based study. Parental ratings of severity of OCB were collected at ages 4, 7, 9 and 16 years.ResultsOCB was found to be moderately stable over time. The genetic influence on OCB at each age was moderate, with significant effects also of non-shared environment. Genetic factors exerted a substantial influence on OCB persistence, explaining 59–80% of the stability over time. The results indicated genetic continuity, whereby genetic influences at each age continue to affect the expression of OCB at subsequent ages. However, we also found evidence for genetic attenuation in that genetic influences at one age decline in their influence over time, and genetic innovation whereby new genes ‘come on line’ at each age. Non-shared environment influenced stability of OCB to a lesser extent and effects were largely unique to each age and displayed negligible influences on OCB at later time points.ConclusionsOCB appears to be moderately stable across development, and stability is largely driven by genetic factors. However, the genetic effects are not entirely constant, but rather the genetic influence on OCB appears to be a developmentally dynamic process.

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Hales, Mike. "Information Systems Strategy, a Cultural Borderland, Some Monstrous Behaviour." Sociological Review 42, no. 1_suppl (May 1994): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb03412.x.

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Does it help to think ‘culture’ when addressing multinational practices of information systems strategy? This paper says it depends on where you stand yourself, what you're attempting to articulate, and whether you can address topographies and systematic violations as well as meanings and situated actions. Discussing an actual case of organization-development consultancy, and seriously mixing its metaphors, the argument uses: a (materialist) distinction between meanings and powers, to suggest that the culture disciplines may not give sufficient help in producing actual change; ‘terrain’, to voice the possibility that computer systems strategy work may be done monstrously; and ‘theatre’, to invoke the construction of research-and-development borderlands which have as their harvest not only meanings but also (unacademic) powers. Antoine Artaud wrote tracts describing … another theatre … working like the plague, by intoxication, by infection, by analogy, by magic; a theatre in which the play, the event itself, stands in place of a text. (Brook, 1990:54). [Artaud] was always speaking of a complete way of life, of a theatre in which the activity of the actor and the activity of the spectator were driven by the same desperate need… . [I]t is easier to apply the rules to the work of a handful of dedicated actors than to the lives of the unknown spectators who happen by chance to come through the theatre door. (Brook, 1990:60–61).

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Kunc, Hansjoerg P., Kirsty Elizabeth McLaughlin, and Rouven Schmidt. "Aquatic noise pollution: implications for individuals, populations, and ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1836 (August 17, 2016): 20160839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0839.

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Anthropogenically driven environmental changes affect our planet at an unprecedented scale and are considered to be a key threat to biodiversity. According to the World Health Organization, anthropogenic noise is one of the most hazardous forms of anthropogenically driven environmental change and is recognized as a major global pollutant. However, crucial advances in the rapidly emerging research on noise pollution focus exclusively on single aspects of noise pollution, e.g. on behaviour, physiology, terrestrial ecosystems, or on certain taxa. Given that more than two-thirds of our planet is covered with water, there is a pressing need to get a holistic understanding of the effects of anthropogenic noise in aquatic ecosystems. We found experimental evidence for negative effects of anthropogenic noise on an individual's development, physiology, and/or behaviour in both invertebrates and vertebrates. We also found that species differ in their response to noise, and highlight the potential underlying mechanisms for these differences. Finally, we point out challenges in the study of aquatic noise pollution and provide directions for future research, which will enhance our understanding of this globally present pollutant.

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Naudé, Wim, and Ricardo Vinuesa. "Data deprivations, data gaps and digital divides: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic." Big Data & Society 8, no. 2 (July 2021): 205395172110255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517211025545.

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This paper draws lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for the relationship between data-driven decision making and global development. The lessons are that (i) users should keep in mind the shifting value of data during a crisis, and the pitfalls its use can create; (ii) predictions carry costs in terms of inertia, overreaction and herding behaviour; (iii) data can be devalued by digital and data deluges; (iv) lack of interoperability and difficulty reusing data will limit value from data; (v) data deprivation, digital gaps and digital divides are not just a by-product of unequal global development, but will magnify the unequal impacts of a global crisis, and will be magnified in turn by global crises; (vi) having more data and even better data analytical techniques, such as artificial intelligence, does not guarantee that development outcomes will improve; (vii) decentralised data gathering and use can help to build trust – particularly important for coordination of behaviour.

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Lam, Alfred King-yin. "Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Updates of Clinical and Pathological Features after Renewed World Health Organisation Classification and Pathology Staging." Biomedicines 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020175.

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Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a heterogenous group of diseases with different clinical behaviour between adult and paediatric patients. In addition, three histological variants, oncocytic, myxoid and sarcomatoid are noted on the recent World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of ACC. A review of recent literature showed that the different types of ACC have distinctive demographic data, clinical presentation, pathology, biological behaviour, genomic and patients’ prognosis. In addition, recent updates of pathology staging for ACC allow refinement of prognostic grouping for planning treatment of the patients with ACC. These advances in genomic, pathology and staging have driven the development of standardisation of pathology reporting. International standardisation of pathological reporting of adrenocortical carcinoma and adaption to local pathology communities provide universal platforms for clinicians and researchers involved in the management of patients with ACC. To conclude, all these advances in the field of pathology will improve development of management strategies including improvement of clinical care, development of prognostic markers and testing of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.

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Kock, Udo, and Yan Sun. "Remittances in Pakistan: Why They Have Gone Up and Why They Are Not Coming Down." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i3pp.189-208.

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The flow of workers’ remittances to Pakistan has more than quadrupled in the last eight years and shows no sign of slowing down, despite the economic downturn in the Gulf Cooperation Council and other important host countries for Pakistani workers. This paper analyses the forces that have driven remittance flows to Pakistan in recent years. A methodological innovation is that we study the behaviour of per capita remittances and draw a close link between remittances and remitters’ earning capacity, in the belief that higher earning power leads to more remittances. Our main conclusions are that (i) the growth in the inflow of workers’ remittances to Pakistan is in large part due to an increase in worker migration, (ii) the higher skill levels of migrating workers has helped boost remittances, and (iii) other imporant determinants of remittances to Pakistan are agricultural output and the relative yield on investments in the host and home countries. JEL classification: F22, F24 Keywords: Workers’ Remittances, Migration, Pakistan

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Lahtinen, Katriina, Satu Aaltonen, Marika Järvinen, Outi Teittinen, and Mikko Pirttimäki. "Framework Towards a Virtual Tool for the Front-End of Employee-Driven Innovation in Healthcare." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2017010102.

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This paper combines entrepreneurial behaviour and service innovation in order to investigate the use of the Idea Window; a virtual tool planned for employee-driven service development in a healthcare organisation. The empirical study investigates the tool used as a method for supporting employees' collaborative knowledge sharing in front-end of innovation in two study cases. Particularly, the research findings focus on how the virtual tool can be used for tackling the unknown - tacit knowledge, hidden possibilities, and initiatives in the context. The results are based on Idea Window entries and survey data collected in a Finnish hospital ward.

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Booth, Natalia, Nicki A. Dowling, Jason Landon, Dan I. Lubman, Stephanie S. Merkouris, and Simone N. Rodda. "Affected Others Responsivity to Gambling Harm: An International Taxonomy of Consumer-Derived Behaviour Change Techniques." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040583.

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Affected others impacted by someone else’s gambling utilise numerous behaviour change strategies to minimise gambling-related harm but knowledge on what these strategies are and how they are implemented is limited. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive data-driven taxonomy of the types of self-help strategies used by affected others, and to categorize these into high-level behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Two taxonomies were developed using an inductive and deductive approach which was applied to a dataset of online sources and organised into the Rubicon model of action phases. These taxonomies were family-focused (how to reduce the impact of gambling harm on families) and gambler-focused (how to support the gambler in behaviour change). In total, 329 online sources containing 3536 different strategies were identified. The family-focused classification contained 16 BCTs, and the most frequent were professional support, financial management and planned consequences. The gambler-focused classification contained 11 BCTs, and the most frequent were feedback on behaviours, professional support and financial management. The majority of family- and gambler-focused BCTs fell under the actional phase of the Rubicon model. Grounded in lived experience, the findings highlight the need for intervention and resource development that includes a wide range of specific techniques that affected others can utilise.

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MATIZA, Tafadzwa, and Elmarie SLABBERT. "TOURISM IS TOO DANGEROUS! PERCEIVED RISK AND THE SUBJECTIVE SAFETY OF TOURISM ACTIVITY IN THE ERA OF COVID-19." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 36, no. 2spl (June 30, 2021): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.362spl04-686.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the risk associated with tourism and induced a paradigm shift in tourist behaviour. The study explores the nexus between COVID-19 induced perceived risk the subjective safety associated with tourism activity. A cross-sectional deductive study was conducted. Data were generated from a respondent-driven snowball sample of 323 potential tourists from all over the world. The key findings indicate perceived physical, psychological and social COVID-19 pandemic induced risk negatively influenced the overall subjective safety associated with tourism activity. Moreover, further analysis indicated heterogeneity in the influence of the perceived risk on specific tourism activity. Tourism practitioners are provided with timely empirical evidence-based insights that contribute to a better understanding of tourists' evolving behaviour.

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Goulard, Roman, Cornelia Buehlmann, Jeremy E. Niven, Paul Graham, and Barbara Webb. "A motion compensation treadmill for untethered wood ants (Formica rufa): evidence for transfer of orientation memories from free-walking training." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): jeb228601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.228601.

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ABSTRACTThe natural scale of insect navigation during foraging makes it challenging to study under controlled conditions. Virtual reality and trackball setups have offered experimental control over visual environments while studying tethered insects, but potential limitations and confounds introduced by tethering motivates the development of alternative untethered solutions. In this paper, we validate the use of a motion compensator (or ‘treadmill’) to study visually driven behaviour of freely moving wood ants (Formica rufa). We show how this setup allows naturalistic walking behaviour and preserves foraging motivation over long time frames. Furthermore, we show that ants are able to transfer associative and navigational memories from classical maze and arena contexts to our treadmill. Thus, we demonstrate the possibility to study navigational behaviour over ecologically relevant durations (and virtual distances) in precisely controlled environments, bridging the gap between natural and highly controlled laboratory experiments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Behaviour Driven Development'

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