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Bravo, Cristián, Lyn C. Thomas, and Richard Weber. "Improving credit scoring by differentiating defaulter behaviour." Journal of the Operational Research Society 66, no. 5 (2015): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.2014.50.
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Rebitschek, Felix G., Gerd Gigerenzer, Ariane Keitel, Sarah Sommer, Christian Groß, and Gert G. Wagner. "Acceptance of criteria for health and driver scoring in the general public in Germany." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250224.
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Numerous health insurers offer bonus programmes that score customers’ health behaviour, and car insurers offer telematics tariffs that score driving behaviour. In many countries, however, only a minority of customers participate in these programmes. In a population-representative survey of private households in Germany (N = 2,215), we study the acceptance of the criteria (features) on which the scoring programmes are based: the features for driver scoring (speed, texting while driving, time of driving, area of driving, accelerating and braking behaviour, respectively) and for health scoring (walking distance per day, sleeping hours per night, alcohol consumption, weight, participation in recommended cancer screenings, smoking status). In a second step, we model participants’ acceptance of both programmes with regard to the underlying feature acceptance. We find that insurers in Germany rarely use the features which the participants consider to be the most relevant and justifiable, that is, smoking status for health scoring and smartphone use for driver scoring. Heuristic models (fast-and-frugal trees) show that programme acceptance depends on the acceptance of a few features. These models can help to understand customers’ preferences and to design scoring programmes that are based on scientific evidence regarding behaviours and factors associated with good health and safe driving and are thus more likely to be accepted.
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Fritz, Sebastian, and Detlef Hosemann. "Restructuring the credit process: behaviour scoring for german corporates." International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management 9, no. 1 (2000): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1174(200003)9:1<9::aid-isaf168>3.0.co;2-q.
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Ngesan, Mohd Riduan, and Syed Sobri Syed Zubir. "Assessing Nighttime Place Identity using Measurable Indicator Scoring Technique." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.119.
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This paper is a comparative study of place identity of nighttime urban public parks between Shah Alam that was built in 1957 and Putrajaya in 1999. This study used four research domains that form place identity adapted from Relph, 1976 and Cheshmehzangi, 2012. The method of this study involves the behavior mapping survey and the questionnaire survey. The data were then analysed using Measurable Indicator Scoring Technique (Karim, 2008) to ensure constant comparative process by creating analytic codes. It is hope that the findings from this study would help to improve the place identity and functions of future nighttime urban public parks.Keywords: Nighttime place identity; urban public park; Measurable Indicator Scoring TechniqueeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Burón, P., S. Al-Halabí, E. Díaz-Mesa, et al. "Suicide attempts and suicide ideation in adolescents: SDQ scores in the Spanish sample of “saving and empowering young lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73313-2.
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IntroductionBehaviour disorders in adolescents are a risk factor associated with suicidal behavior.AimTo examine the distribution of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in the Spanish sample of adolescents from the “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project and study the differences according to the gender and the relationship with both suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI).Method875 pupils from 12 secondary schools sited in Asturias (Spain) [50.7% males; mean age (SD) =14.5 (0.72)] were assessed through the SDQ and Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS).ResultsNo significant differences were found in the SDQ total score by gender, but were found (p< 0.001) in some subscales as emotional symptoms (t=-6.769) (women scoring higher), hyperactivity (t=3.283) and prosocial (t=5.260) (men scoring higher). Regarding PSS, 3.1% tried to take their life during past six months. No significant differences were found in SA by gender but were found (p< 0.050) for the thought that life not worth (t=-3.597), women scoring higher, and about wish to be dead (t=-2.630), men scoring higher. Previous SA were significant related (p< 0.001) with SDQ total score (X2=38,437), emotional symptoms (X2=25,528), hyperactivity (X2=13,572) and behaviour disorders (X2=7,505). SI was significant related (p< 0.001) with SDQ total score (X2=38,437), emotional symptoms (X2=31,077), behaviour disorders (X2=33,011), peer problems (X2=35,161) and prosocial behavior (X2=17,978).ConclusionSA and SI were related with difficulties (SDQ criteria), mainly on emotional symptoms and behaviour disorders. Prevention strategies in high risk groups are likely to become increasingly important.
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BLACKWELL, MARTIN, and CHRIS SYKES. "The assignment of credit limits with a behaviour-scoring system." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 4, no. 1 (1992): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/4.1.73.
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Marqués, A. I., V. García, and J. S. Sánchez. "Exploring the behaviour of base classifiers in credit scoring ensembles." Expert Systems with Applications 39, no. 11 (2012): 10244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.092.
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Diaz-Lundahl, Sofia, Selina Hellestveit, Solveig Marie Stubsjøen, Clare J. Phythian, Randi Oppermann Moe, and Karianne Muri. "Intra- and Inter-Observer Reliability of Qualitative Behaviour Assessments of Housed Sheep in Norway." Animals 9, no. 8 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080569.
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This study tested the reliability of a Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) protocol developed for the Norwegian Sheep House (FåreBygg) project. The aim was to verify whether QBA scores were consistent between different observers, i.e., inter-observer reliability, and between scorings of the same observers on different time points, i.e., intra-observer reliability. Six trained observers, including two veterinary students, two animal welfare inspectors and two sheep farmers observed sheep in 16 videos, and independently scored 14 pre-defined behavioural descriptors on visual analogue scales (VAS). The procedure was repeated one week after the first scoring session. QBA scores were analysed using Principal Component Analysis. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). Principal component 1 (PC 1) and 2 (PC 2) combined explained >60% of the total variation in the QBA scores in both scoring sessions. PC 1 (44.5% in sessions 1 and 2) ranged from the positive descriptors calm, content, relaxed and friendly to the negative descriptors uneasy, vigilant and fearful, and was therefore labelled mood. PC 2 (18% in session 1, 16.6% in session 2) ranged from bright to dejected and apathetic, and was therefore labelled arousal. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of PC 1 for all observers was high in the two scoring sessions (W = 0.87 and 0.85, respectively), indicating good inter-observer reliability. For PC 2, the agreement for all observers was moderate in both video sessions (W = 0.45 and 0.65). The intra-observer agreement was very high for all observers for PC 1 (W > 0.9) except for one, where the agreement was considered to be high (W = 0.89). For PC 2, Kendall’s coefficient was very high for the veterinary students and interpreted as moderate for the two farmers and welfare inspectors. This study indicates that the QBA approach and the terms included in the Fårebygg protocol were reliable for assessing video recordings of sheep behaviour when applied by trained observers, regardless of whether they were a veterinary student, animal welfare inspector or sheep farmer. Further work is needed to examine the reliability of the QBA protocol when tested on-farms for sheep managed under Norwegian housing systems.
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Frank, Cairina E., Kathy N. Speechley, Jennifer J. Macnab, and M. Karen Campbell. "Infants Born Large for Gestational Age and Developmental Attainment in Early Childhood." International Journal of Pediatrics 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9181497.
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Objectives. To investigate if an association exists between being born large for gestational age (LGA) and verbal ability or externalizing behaviour problems at ages 4-5 years. Method. A secondary analysis was conducted using the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, including singleton births in 2004-2005 followed till 4-5 years (n=1685). LGA was defined as a birth weight > 90th percentile. Outcomes included poor verbal ability (scoring < 15th percentile on the Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and externalizing behaviour problems (scoring > 90th percentile on externalizing behaviour scales). Multivariable logistic regression with longitudinal standardized funnel weights and bootstrapping estimation were used. Results. Infants born LGA were not found to be at increased risk for poor verbal ability (aOR: 1.16 [0.49,2.72] and aOR: 0.83 [0.37,1.87] for girls and boys, resp.) or externalizing behaviour problems (aOR: 1.24 [0.52,2.93] and aOR: 1.24 [0.66,2.36] for girls and boys, resp.). Social factors were found to impact developmental attainment. Maternal smoking led to an increased risk for externalizing behaviour problems (aOR: 3.33 [1.60,6.94] and aOR: 2.12 [1.09,4.13] for girls and boys, resp.). Conclusion. There is no evidence to suggest that infants born LGA are at increased risk for poor verbal ability or externalizing behaviour problems.
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Honess, Paul E., Jessica L. Gimpel, Sarah E. Wolfensohn, and Georgia J. Mason. "Alopecia Scoring: The Quantitative Assessment of Hair Loss in Captive Macaques." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 33, no. 3 (2005): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290503300308.
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Many captive animals show forms of pelage loss that are absent in wild or free-living con-specifics, which result from grooming or plucking behaviours directed at themselves or at other individuals. For instance, dorsal hair loss in primates such as rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) in research facilities, results from excessive hair-pulling or over-grooming by cage-mates. This behaviour appears to be associated with stress, and is controllable to some extent with environmental enrichment. Quantifying alopecia in primates (as in many species) is therefore potentially useful for welfare assessment. A simple system for scoring alopecia was developed and its reliability was tested. Study 1 showed high interobserver reliability between two independent scorers in assessing the state of monkeys’ coats from photographs. Study 2 showed that there were no significant differences between the scores derived from photographs and from direct observations. Thus, where hair loss due to hair pulling exists in captive primates, this scoring system provides an easy, rapid, and validated quantitative method, for use in assessing the success of attempts to reduce it via improved husbandry. In the future, such scoring systems might also prove useful for quantifying barbering in laboratory rodents.
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Mohammad, Jamilah Al-Muhammady, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim, Mohd Zarawi Mat Nor, Rozaziana Ahmad, and Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff. "Supportive mentoring behaviours in a public medical school." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 8, no. 2 (2019): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-12-2017-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate mentoring behaviours in a public medical school in Malaysia and examine factors associated with those mentoring behaviours. The study is important because effective mentoring promotes the personal and professional growth of mentees. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 632 medical students. The authors used the Mentor Behaviour Scale (MBS) to measure four domains of mentoring behaviour: mentoring relationship structure, engagement, autonomy support and competency support. The authors evaluated the scoring of these domains as high, moderate or low scores. Findings A total of 508 (80.4 per cent) medical students in Years 2–5 participated in this study. Mentoring relationship structure, engagement and competency support were perceived as moderate scores, whereas autonomy support was perceived as a low score. Students in the early phases of study had better attitudes regarding mentoring behaviours. More frequent meetings and longer duration of meetings were significantly associated with better attitudes towards mentoring behaviour. Originality/value This paper evaluates contemporary mentoring behaviours in a Malaysian public medical school and contributes to non-western literature on mentoring. These behaviours were reflected in the four domains of the theory-based MBS.
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Green, Paul C., Perry Alter, and Adam F. Carr. "Development of Standard Anchors for Scoring Generic Past-Behaviour Questions in Structured Interviews." International Journal of Selection and Assessment 1, no. 4 (1993): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.1993.tb00114.x.
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Duca, Stefano, and Heinrich H. Nax. "Groups and scores: the decline of cooperation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 144 (2018): 20180158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0158.
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Cooperation among unrelated individuals in social-dilemma-type situations is a key topic in social and biological sciences. It has been shown that, without suitable mechanisms, high levels of cooperation/contributions in repeated public goods games are not stable in the long run. Reputation, as a driver of indirect reciprocity, is often proposed as a mechanism that leads to cooperation. A simple and prominent reputation dynamic function through scoring: contributing behaviour increases one's score, non-contributing reduces it. Indeed, many experiments have established that scoring can sustain cooperation in two-player prisoner's dilemmas and donation games. However, these prior studies focused on pairwise interactions, with no experiment studying reputation mechanisms in more general group interactions. In this paper, we focus on groups and scores, proposing and testing several scoring rules that could apply to multi-player prisoners' dilemmas played in groups, which we test in a laboratory experiment. Results are unambiguously negative: we observe a steady decline of cooperation for every tested scoring mechanism. All scoring systems suffer from it in much the same way. We conclude that the positive results obtained by scoring in pairwise interactions do not apply to multi-player prisoner's dilemmas, and that alternative mechanisms are needed.
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Pečiulytė, Greta, Giedrė Jonušienė, Laurynas Žemaitis, and Darijus Skaudickas. "AN INTERACTION BETWEEN CHRONIC PROSTATITIS AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR." Health Sciences 30, no. 5 (2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2020.112.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms, sexual function, personality traits and peculiarities of sexual behaviour in men with chronic prostatitis. The study included men aged 20-45 (n=81). Investigation group included 24 men with chronic prostatitis and the control group included 52 generally healthy men. The surveys, which were not filled in properly, were excluded from the statistical analysis (n=5). All the participants completed the survey describing socio-demographic factors, chronic prostatitis symptoms (NIH-CPSI), sexual function (BMSFI) and personality traits (B5PQ). There have been found correlations between the influences of symptoms on everyday activities, sexual drive, overall satisfaction, problem assessment, neuroticism and the score of pain. Neuroticism trait differed between the investigation group (score – 18.88±5.32) and the control group (score – 15.39±4.83) (p=0.007). Odds ratio for suffering from chronic prostatitis (95% CI) was 5.077 (1.634-15.772) (p=0.005) of men having dominant neuroticism trait, 3.429 (1.176-9.994) (p=0.024) of men having ≤11 problem assessment score and 3.200 (1.124-9.113) (p=0.029) of men having overall satisfaction score. There masturbated 44.4% of men scoring ≥3 and 100.0% of men scoring for BMSFI overall satisfaction (in age group 35 to 44) (p=0.038). In this age group 100.0% of investigation group and 36.4% of control group masturbated (p=0.017). There are correlations between the symptoms of chronic prostatitis, sexual function, personal traits and peculiarities of sexual behaviour. Neuroticism is dominant trait among chronic prostatitis patients. Neuroticism, worse problem assessment and low satisfaction indicate higher chances of having chronic prostatitis. Men, aged 35-44 years, complaining of low satisfaction or being already diagnosed with chronic prostatitis are more tend to masturbate.
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Westerholt, Rene, Heinrich Lorei, and Bernhard Höfle. "Behavioural Effects of Spatially Structured Scoring Systems in Location-Based Serious Games—A Case Study in the Context of OpenStreetMap." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020129.
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Location-based games have become popular in recent years, with Pokémon Go and Ingress being two very prominent examples. Some location-based games, known as Serious Games, go beyond entertainment and serve additional purposes such as data collection. Such games are also found in the OpenStreetMap context and playfully enrich the project’s geodatabase. Examples include Kort and StreetComplete. This article examines the role of spatially structured scoring systems as a motivational element. It is analysed how spatial structure in scoring systems is correlated with changes observed in the game behaviour. For this purpose, our study included two groups of subjects who played a modified game based on StreetComplete in a real urban environment. One group played the game with a spatially structured scoring system and the other with a spatially random scoring system. We evaluated different indicators and analysed the players’ GPS trajectories. In addition, the players filled out questionnaires to investigate whether they had become aware of the scoring system they were playing. The results obtained show that players who are confronted with a spatially structured scoring system are more likely to be in areas with high scores, have a longer playing time, walk longer distances and are more willing to take detours. Furthermore, discrepancies between the perception of a possible system in the scoring system and corresponding actions were revealed. The results are informative for game design, but also for a better understanding of how players interact with their geographical context during location-based games.
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Ham, Jackson R., Malin K. Lilley, and Heather M. Manitzas Hill. "Conspecific scarring on wild belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cunningham Inlet." Behaviour 158, no. 8-9 (2021): 663–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10086.
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Abstract Intra-specific aggression is not frequently observed in wild cetaceans, including belugas. One proxy, identified in past research, that indicates past aggressive behaviour is the presence of rake marks (scars left on skin by the teeth of conspecifics). Behavioural observations of belugas, compared to bottlenose dolphins, suggest that belugas engage in less physically aggressive behaviour; yet, a detailed study of beluga aggressive behaviour remains to be conducted. Beluga intra-specific aggression was assessed by scoring photographs taken from July to August in 2015 at Cunningham Inlet, Canada for the presence/absence and body location of rake marks. Of the 252 belugas analysed, 44% had rake marks. The results suggest that physical aggression occurs comparatively less with only half of the observed beluga population having rake marks compared to almost all bottlenose dolphins previously surveyed. We suggest social structure, skin pigmentation, and/or species-specific behaviours as explanations for the differences in rake marks among species.
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Anane, Eric, and Jephtar Adu-Mensah. "Teachers Scoring and Grading of Students’ Responses to Tasks: The Ghanaian Basic School Experience." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0009.
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Abstract This paper explored the scoring and grading practices of teachers in basic schools. The study sought to understand the various factors teachers take into account when scoring students’ responses to tasks in the classroom. The stratified sampling procedure was used to select 278 primary and junior high school teachers from whom data were collected for the study. In the descriptive analysis, the results revealed that teachers considered students’ behaviour such as punctuality, interest in subject and neatness of work presented, and number of questions attempted by a student, and awarded marks when grading. These academic and non-academic factors considered by teachers in this study during scoring and grading are consistent with the literature. In independent samples t-test analyses, primary school teachers did not differ significantly from their counterparts in the junior high schools in terms of factors they considered during the scoring and grading of students’ responses to tasks in the classroom. This study adds a circumstantial data to the existing debate on teacher classroom assessment practices.
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Roughan, John V., and Paul A. Flecknell. "Evaluation of a short duration behaviour-based post-operative pain scoring system in rats." European Journal of Pain 7, no. 5 (2003): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-3801(02)00140-4.
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van Zeeland, Yvonne R. A., Madeleine J. Bergers, Lisette van der Valk, Nico J. Schoemaker, and Johannes T. Lumeij. "Evaluation of a novel feather scoring system for monitoring feather damaging behaviour in parrots." Veterinary Journal 196, no. 2 (2013): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.08.020.
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Rey, Joseph M., and Kevin D. Bird. "Sex Differences in Suicidal Behaviour of Referred Adolescents." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 6 (1991): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.6.776.
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Reports of suicidal behaviour from four countries using the same measures were higher for girls than for boys, and higher in self-reports than in parent reports for both referred and normal adolescents. In a sample of 480 referred adolescents, patterns of ‘low’ and ‘high’ suicidal scores were different when age, sex and diagnosis were considered. The probability of high scores for girls showed only a marginal increase with age, while there was a striking rise for boys. An affective diagnosis doubled the probability of high scores for both boys and girls, while it had no effect on low scores. Psychosocial stressors also increased the probability of high suicidal scores, particularly in adolescents with an affective disorder. Sex differences in suicidal behaviour were marked in the low-scoring groups.
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Grajfoner, D., F. Wemelsfelder, and E. Austin. "The qualitative assessment of pig behaviour using Repertory Grid Technique." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007237.
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Most studies which provide qualitative assessments of animal behaviour use prefixed lists of adjectives (e.g. shy, bold, interested). However,Wemelsfelder et al. (2000, 2001), using Free-Choice-Profiling (FCP) methodology, allowed observers to develop their own descriptors for scoring pigs, and found this method to be highly reliable and repeatable. Repertory grid technique (RGT) is a frequently used method in human psychology and resembles FCP. Recently RTG has also been applied to assess personality in chimpanzees (Dutton et al., 1997). The purpose of the present study was to apply RGT to pigs and to correlate obtained pig scores with those previously obtained through FCP.
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Parasuraman, S., Phua Seong Hock, MKA Ahamed Khan, D. Kingsly Jeba Singh, and Chin Yun Han. "Behaviour coordinations and motion synchronizations for humanoid robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 5 (2017): 172988141772845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417728453.
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Many features have to be solved by humanoid robot during soccer game to get evidences from the environment such as detect ball, goal, lines and other robotmates. Having these data, the robot has to self-localize and proceed for next action reactively and ensure sense–think–act process efficiently. Sense–think–act processes are still a challenge task for humanoid robots. Hence, a modular framework is proposed for soccer ball game in which the architecture is mainly composed of object detection, field detection and motion synchronization behaviours. Object detection is modularized into ball detection, segmentation and depth estimation to facilitate the control actions. Similarly, field detection is modularized into goalpost and boundaries detection. Motion synchronization is modularized into primitives such as scoring, kip up and diving which uses the proposed support polygon and centre of moment methods. The behaviour synchronization and execution takes place in multilayers which include player and keeper mode as expert layer, modular behaviours as reactive layers and servo and motor command are executed in skill layer. The behaviour analysis and performance are targeted on the trigonometric depth estimation, grid-based segmentation pattern learning and recognition as well as support polygon and Centre Of Mass (COM). Experimental results are demonstrated and discussed. The proposed modular framework in this work has been tested using the NAO robot.
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Ball, Lauren, Katelyn Barnes, Michael Leveritt, et al. "Developing research priorities in Australian primary health care: a focus on nutrition and physical activity." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 6 (2017): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16068.
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Research priority setting is an important component of research planning, particularly when research options exceed available resources. This study identified the research priorities for supporting healthy lifestyle behaviours in the Australian primary healthcare setting. A five-step stakeholder engagement process was undertaken. Ten stakeholder organisations participated in the process, including patient representatives, health professional associations, health educators, researchers, government advisors and policymakers. Each organisation was asked to provide up to three research questions deemed as a priority. Research questions were critically appraised by the project team for answerability, sustainability, effectiveness, potential for translation and potential to affect disease burden. A blinded scoring system was used to rank the appraised questions, with higher scores indicating higher priority (range of scores possible 87–156). Thirteen unique research questions were submitted by stakeholders and achieved a range of scores from 87 to 139 points. The highest scoring research questions focused on: (i) the effectiveness of different health professionals at facilitating healthy lifestyle behaviours; (ii) the effect of health literacy on behaviour change; and (iii) cost-benefit analysis of healthy lifestyle promotion in primary health care. These priorities can be used to ensure future research projects directly align with the needs and preferences of research end-users.
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Adelman, Daniel. "An Efficient Frontier Approach to Scoring and Ranking Hospital Performance." Operations Research 68, no. 3 (2020): 762–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1972.
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For many years, stakeholders have been complaining about how hospital scores are computed in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) hospital star ratings. In “An Efficient Frontier Approach to Scoring and Ranking Hospital Performance,” author Dan Adelman shows how the current system can lower the scores even of hospitals that improve along every quality measure. He proposes a new approach, based on an optimization framework, that he proves does not exhibit this behaviour, and thus creates better incentives for hospitals to improve. The approach scores hospitals as closely as possible to the best scoring hospital on the efficient frontier of hospital performance, under the same measure weights. It is flexible enough to incorporate constraints that represent stakeholder interests, such as giving higher weight to measures that impact more people. Using this new approach, he computes new scores for nearly every hospital in the United States and shows that there are significant differences with the current CMS hospital star ratings.
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Chen, Xiao-Ping, Xiaofei Xie, and Shiqing Chang. "Cooperative and Competitive Orientation among Chinese People: Scale Development and Validation." Management and Organization Review 7, no. 2 (2011): 353–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00215.x.
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Chinese people are known to be strong in dialectical thinking – a cognitive tendency toward the acceptance of contradiction. Based on this finding, we conceptualized cooperative and competitive orientation as two distinct constructs that represent individual beliefs about and attitudes toward the nature of their relationship with others. We hypothesized that as stable individual differences, cooperative and competitive orientation would have differential effects on people's cognition and behaviour. Adopting a contextualization approach to Chinese management research, we developed a seven-item cooperative orientation scale and a six-item competitive orientation scale that demonstrated high reliabilities and validities. A laboratory experiment using the response latency method showed that people scoring higher on cooperative orientation responded significantly faster toward words of a cooperative nature, whereas people scoring higher on competitive orientation responded significantly faster toward words of a competitive nature. A field survey in multiple Chinese organizations further showed that cooperative and competitive orientation had differential effects on employee task performance and organizational citizenship behaviour beyond the effects of the personality differences. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed in the context of work groups in Chinese organizations and beyond.
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Sugiarto, Agung Joko, and Iva Milia Hani Rahmawati. "Pengaruh metode Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) terhadap kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis." Jurnal Keperawatan 18, no. 2 (2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35874/jkp.v18i2.819.
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Gangguan interaksi sosial membuat anak autis terasingkan dengan lingkungannya. Pemberian metode Applied Behaviouir Analysis (ABA) dapat membantu mereka mempelajari keterampilan sosial dasar seperti memperhatikan, mempertahankan kontak mata, dan dapat membantu mengontrol masalah perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa pengaruh Metode Applied Behaviouir Analysis (ABA) terhadap kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis.
 Desain penelitian menggunakan pra eksperimental one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua anak autis yang ada di SLB Autis Seribu Warna Kepanjen, dengan sampel berjumlah 33 anak. Teknik sampling menggunakan simple random sampling. Variable independen metode Applied Behaviouir Analysis (ABA) dan dependen kemampuan interaksi sosial. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi. Pengolahan data editing, coding, scoring dan tabulating dan analisa menggunakan uji Wilcoxon sign rank test.
 Hasil Penelitian sebelum diberikan metode ABA menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki kriteria kurang (66,7%) dengan jumlah 22, setelah diberikan metode ABA menunjukkan hampir seluruh responden dengan kategori cukup (81,8) dengan jumlah 27 responden. Hasil uji statistik dengan metode uji wilcoxon didapatkan hasil nilai p sebesar 0,000 < α=0,05 sehingga H1 diterima. Kemampuan interaksi sosial setelah dilakukan metode ABA menunjukkan.
 Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ada pengaruh metode Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) terhadap Kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis di SLB Autis Seribu Warna Kepanjen Kabupaten Jombang. Metode Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu stimulasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pendidikan pendamping yang dapat diterapkan di sekolah.
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Ahmed, M., C. L. Knight, A. T. Papageorghiou, and J. A. Noble. "P23.03: Eye tracking as a tool to assess sonographer behaviour when quality-scoring fetal ultrasound images." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 44, S1 (2014): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.14446.
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Chaplin, S., and L. Munksgaard. "Evaluation of a simple method for assessment of rising behaviour in tethered dairy cows." Animal Science 72, no. 1 (2001): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055685.
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AbstractProblems with getting up can affect welfare, therefore a simple method for use in assessing rising behaviour was evaluated. Sixty-one Danish Friesian cows housed in two identical tie-stall barns were used. The cows were in their first (no. = 30), second (no. = 16) or third lactation (no. = 15). There were 19 cows in early lactation (<100 days in milk), 18 late lactation cows (>200 days in milk) and 24 dry cows, divided between the age groups. Rising was scored at three times of day for five consecutive days. Two observers scored the cows at 11:30 h and one of these observers scored them at 15:00 and 17:30 h. Cows were encouraged to rise using increasing levels of encouragement but the minimum possible force and were scored for rising (between 1 - normal rising sequence, smooth movement and 5 - rising front first) and the level of encouragement required. The behaviour of each cow was recorded on video for 21·5 h. Total lying time; lying frequency; maximum lying bout length; time to lie down; time for preparatory phase of lying; time to rise, and time for final phase of rising were recorded from the videos and video records of rising were scored. The rising score was repeatable and was unaffected by the different scoring conditions tested (presence of observer, day of scoring, time of day, level of encouragement). Stage of lactation affected total lying time, number of lying bouts, maximum bout length and rising behaviour, while lactation number only had a minor effect on lying behaviour. The proposed score for rising reliably reflected whether the cows in tie-stalls had difficulty rising when at least three observations were included. The proportion of cows in different stages of lactation and of different parities should be included in any assessment of rising behaviour, since stage of lactation and parity significantly affected rising behaviour.
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Myers, Shirley N., and Jon B. Ellis. "IQ DISCREPANCIES AMONG IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE INMATES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 20, no. 3 (1992): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1992.20.3.213.
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The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between the right and left hemispheres of the brain and criminal behaviour. It was predicted that prisoners scoring higher on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale of the WAIS-R would tend to commit more analytical thought-out crimes. Those scoring higher on the Performance scale may be more impulsive type criminals and tend to commit crimes less thought out. A total of 51 inmates were tested with the WAIS-R. Inmates who scored lower on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale tended to be more impulsive. Due to the overlap in crimes committed by both types of criminals, it was recommended that future research in this area may include a third category of both impulsive-non-impulsive along with the separation of the two categories.
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Harris, M. J., and H. W. Gonyou. "Savaging behaviour in domestic gilts: A study of seven commercial farms." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 3 (2003): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-001.
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Piglet-directed aggression at farrowing was investigated on seven large, new pig units. Gilts were subject to a light (continuous or diurnal light) and/or sound (newborn piglet vocalisations or no vocalisations) treatment around the time of farrowing. Behaviour records were collected for the first farrowing of 6625 crossbred gilts. The incidence of savaging, number of piglets affected by it and factors associated with piglet-directed aggressive behaviour were recorded. Piglet-directed aggression was scored as 0 (none), 1 (moderate) or 2 (severe). Effects of the light and sound treatments, situation of the farrowing crate within the farrowing room and time (from first to fourth fill of the farrowing rooms) were examined. Three hundred and thirty-one gilts (5.3%) displayed some degree of aggression towards their piglets (scoring either 1 or 2), while 201 (2.9%) killed piglets.
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Blomert, Leo, Ch Koster, H. van Mier, and M.-L. Kean. "Verbaal Communicatieve Vaardigheden Van Afasie-Patienten." Psycholinguistiek en taalstoornissen 24 (January 1, 1986): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.24.03blo.
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A test "Alledaagse Taalvaardigheidstest" (Everyday Language Abilities Test) was developed to measure the communicative abilities of patiens with language disorders. The test is composed of 15 everyday situations. These situations have a strong conven-tional character and a well-defined fixed structure. This was reflected in the very consistent response pattern given by 30 normal subjects used to standardise the test. A scoring system was designed with 2 separate scores; one for at least adequate communicative behaviour and one for conventional verbal behaviour. 17 Broca and 12 Wernicke aphasies were tested. Aphasies achieve a relatively high score for adequate communica-tive behaviour. This is relatively independent of their achievement level on a standard aphasia test. As to their conventional verbal behaviour Broca en Wernicke patients differ significantly from normals but not from each other. The ATT has obvious theoretical relevance. In addition the test can also be used as a diagnostic and therapy evaluative tool.
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Kourkounasiou, Maria A., and Emmanouil K. Skordilis. "Validity and Reliability Evidence of the TOCA–C in a Sample of Greek Students." Psychological Reports 115, no. 3 (2014): 766–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/08.11.pr0.115c31z5.
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Validity and reliability evidence of the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation–Checklist (TOCA–C) was examined in 186 Greek students through exploratory factor analysis, divergent and concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The TOCA–C showed a high internal consistency for the three factors of Concentration Problems, Disruptive/Aggressive Behaviour, and Prosocial Behaviour (αs = .89−.96), and acceptable two-week test-retest reliability. The three-factor solution explained 74.50% of the total variance. Regarding divergent validity, a significant Sex × Disability interaction was evident for Disruptive Behaviour, with women scoring higher in ‘special’ and lower in ‘general’ schools compared to men. Main effects were significant across disability, but not across sex. Correlations with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire suggested convergent and divergent validity evidence. The TOCA–C should be useful in testing Greek students with and without disabilities.
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Kailasam, Manimegalai, Yin Maw Hsann, Priyanka Vankayalapati, and Kok Soong Yang. "Prevalence of community health-promoting practices in Singapore." Health Promotion International 34, no. 3 (2017): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax101.
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Summary Both living and working environments have a substantial influence on promoting healthy living habits. A holistic and accurate assessment of the community health-promoting practices is important to identify gaps and to make continuous, tangible improvements. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of the Singapore community health-promoting practices. The community health-promoting practices in all residential zones of an electoral constituency were assessed based on a composite health promotion scoring system comprising of 44 measurable elements under the 5 domains of community support and resources; healthy behaviours; chronic conditions; mental health; and common medical emergencies. An alphabetical grading system was used based on the score ranges: grade ‘A’ (75% and above), grade ‘B’ (60% to below 75%), grade ‘C’ (50% to below 60%) and grade ‘D’ (below 50%). The community health-promoting practices were graded ‘D’ with an overall average score of 41%. The constituency achieved grade ‘C’ (59%) for mental health domain and grade ‘B’ (72%) for common medical emergencies. The health-promoting practices for the other domains were graded ‘D’ (<50%) except for healthy behaviour (physical activity) sub-domain which achieved grade ‘B’ (65%). Significant gaps were identified in the community health-promoting practices. The residential zones may benefit from the scoring system to identify gaps and prioritize high-impact strategies to improve their health practices.
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Chopra, R., M. Mittal, K. Bansal, and P. Chaudhuri. "Buccal Midazolam Spray as an Alternative to Intranasal Route for Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 38, no. 2 (2013): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.2.n055763721297702.
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Objectives: To evaluate the acceptance of midazolam spray through buccal route as compared to intranasal route and compare the efficacy of the drug through both the routes. Study Design: 30 patients aged 2-8 years with Grade I or II Frankl's Behaviour Rating Scale were selected who required similar treatment under local anesthesia on two teeth. Midazolam spray was administered randomly through buccal or intranasal routes for the two appointments. Scoring was done for the acceptance of drug and Houpt's score was recorded for the behaviour of patients during the treatment. Results: Acceptance of drug through buccal route was significantly better than the intranasal route (p&lt;0.05) but no statistically significant difference was found in the behaviour scores for the two routes of administration (p≯0.05). Conclusion: Midazolam spray can be effectively used through the buccal mucosa in children who give poor compliance with the intranasal administration.
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Chaulagain, Ramesh Prasad. "Contribution of Financial Literacy on Behaviour: A Nepali Perspective." Journal of Education and Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v8i2.27380.
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Financial literacy and behaviour are emerging personal financial agendas both in education and finance. However, financial literacy has behavioural implication and effect on the financial well-being of individuals. Therefore, assessing financial behaviour by measuring financial literacy of individuals is important research attention. In this paper, the contribution of financial literacy on the financial behaviour of small borrowers is measured and analysed. The study follows a quantitative research methodology under the post-positivistic research paradigm. A simple scoring method is used to measure financial literacy and the logistic regression model is used to measure the probabilistic contribution of financial literacy on behaviour. By using a sample survey, the study collects 393 sets of responses from small borrowers selected randomly from four districts of Nepal. Theory of planned behaviour is used to interpret the finding. The theory of planned behaviour states that the literacy i.e. knowledge and skill in financial matters will develop an attitude, and if the attitude is positive, the persons will behave accordingly. The finding explores that improved level of financial literacy contributes financial behaviour of the small borrowers positively. The study concludes that for enhancing financial behaviour, contemporary and contextual financial literacy programs are necessary to educate the individuals. The study also connects financial well-beings with enhanced financial behaviour. Findings of this study are useful for policymakers, financial service users, academicians and financial service providers in Nepal.
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Berrocoso, Esther, Kazutaka Ikeda, Ichiro Sora, George R. Uhl, Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez, and Juan Antonio Mico. "Active behaviours produced by antidepressants and opioids in the mouse tail suspension test." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 1 (2013): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145711001842.
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Abstract Most classical preclinical tests to predict antidepressant activity were initially developed to detect compounds that influenced noradrenergic and/or serotonergic activity, in accordance with the monoaminergic hypothesis of depression. However, central opioid systems are also known to influence the pathophysiology of depression. While the tail suspension test (TST) is very sensitive to several types of antidepressant, the traditional form of scoring the TST does not distinguish between different modes of action. The present study was designed to compare the behavioural effects of classical noradrenergic and/or serotonergic antidepressants in the TST with those of opioids. We developed a sampling technique to differentiate between behaviours in the TST, namely, curling, swinging and immobility. Antidepressants that inhibit noradrenaline and/or serotonin re-uptake (imipramine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, desipramine and citalopram) decreased the immobility of mice, increasing their swinging but with no effect on their curling behaviour. No differences were observed between antidepressants that act on noradrenergic or serotoninergic transmission. While opioid compounds also decreased the immobility of the mice [morphine, codeine, levorphanol, (−)-methadone, (±)-tramadol and (+)-tramadol], they selectively increased curling behaviour. Blocking opioid receptors with naloxone prevented the antidepressant-like effect of codeine, and µ-opioid receptor knockout decreased normal curling behaviour and blocked (±)-tramadol-induced curling, further demonstrating the reliability and validity of this approach. These results show that at least two behaviourally distinct processes occur in the TST, highlighting the antidepressant-like effects of opioids evident in this test. Furthermore, our data suggest that swinging and curling behaviours are mediated by enhanced monoamine and opioid neurotransmission, respectively.
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Fenner, Kate, Sarah Matlock, Jane Williams, et al. "Validation of the Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ): A New Survey Instrument for Exploring and Monitoring the Domestic Equine Triad." Animals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111982.
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The Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) was developed to obtain quantitative data on the domestic equine triad: training, management and behaviour. It can be taken repeatedly, thus collecting longitudinal data to enable evaluation of how changes in a horse’s training and management are reflected in that horse’s behaviour over time and how these changes can impact horse welfare in the longer term. Questionnaire validation and reliability were tested by determining (a) whether an owner’s subjective ratings of their horse’s problematic behaviours or undesirable temperament traits were reflected in the questionnaire scores obtained for that horse (construct validity), (b) whether two respondents, equally familiar with a particular horse, reported comparable scores for that horse through the questionnaire (inter-rater reliability), and (c) whether the same respondent, scoring the same horse after a known interval of time, recorded similar responses (intra-rater reliability). Construct validity testing of 1923 responses showed significant alignment between owners’ reported experience of focal horses’ behaviour and those horses’ E-BARQ scores, with scores varying from 1.13 to 1.34 for ridden horse behaviour (all p < 0.001) and from 1.06 to 1.43 for non-ridden horse behaviour (all p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability testing of ten horse–rider pairs revealed that 203 of the 215 question items were significantly aligned (p < 0.001) when tested by two independent raters. Of the remaining 19 items, four had fair alignment (ĸ = 0.174–0.316; p = 0.281) and ten items, largely related to whether the horse shows behavioural signs related to anxiety when taken away from home, did not align (ĸ = 0; p = 1). Intra-rater reliability tests showed that the responses significantly aligned on all 215 question items tested (p < 0.001). The results of these tests confirmed the construct validity and reliability of E-BARQ as a standardised behavioural assessment tool for horses.
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Anagbogu, Mercy Aku, Christopher Amobi Nwankwo, and Ifeanyi Mathew Azuji. "Effect of socio-cognitive skills training on aggressive secondary school adolescents in Anambra State Nigeria." OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies 16 (October 2, 2020): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v16i1.5.
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Aggressive behaviour is a serious malady to students, especially those in their adolescent stage. This study investigated the effect of Socio-cognitive skills training on aggressive secondary school adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria. One research question guided the study and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design for the study is quasi-experimental, non-randomised pre-test and post-test, control group design. The population of the study was 323 senior secondary school adolescents with high aggressive behaviour in Anambra State. A sample size of 32 adolescents were purposively drawn from two schools with the highest number of adolescents with high aggressive behaviour and used for the study. Instrument for data collection was adopted from Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The internal consistency reliability coefficient for Nigeria sample is 0.80. The completed instruments were scored following the scoring instructions provided in the BPAQ manual. Mean scores were used to answer the research question, while the null hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA). The norm of 70.25 provided in BPAQ guided the decision. The finding of the study revealed that socio-cognitive skills’ training was effective in reducing aggressive behaviour of secondary school adolescents. The findings further revealed that the difference in the effect of socio-cognitive skills training on aggressive secondary school adolescents was significant when compared with those in the control group. Based on the findings it was recommended that the practicing counsellors and therapists should adopt the use of the technique in managing aggressive behaviours of secondary school adolescents.
 Keywords: Aggressive Behaviour, Secondary School Adolescents, Socio-cognitive Skills,Training
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Nau, B. S. "Mechanical seal face materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 211, no. 3 (1997): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650971542408.
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Mechanical seal face materials are described with an explanation of the properties affecting performance and the significance of surface texture including bi-Gaussian surface statistics. Aspects of seal behaviour attributable to face materials are discussed in detail, including random fluctuations of friction and thermal excursions. Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon-graphites and other ceramics are described. The role of tribolayers and transfer layers is highlighted. Failure modes are discussed including structural fracture, surface crazing, pitting and scoring, blistering, solids deposition and ‘squeal’ (‘ringing’). Many references are given.
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Vellone, Ercole, Tiny Jaarsma, Anna Strömberg, et al. "The European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale: New insights into factorial structure, reliability, precision and scoring procedure." Patient Education and Counseling 94, no. 1 (2014): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.09.014.
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Lawrence, Joanna, Petronelle Eastwick-Field, Anne Maloney, and Helen Higham. "In situ deteriorating patient simulation in general practice." British Journal of General Practice 70, suppl 1 (2020): bjgp20X711425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x711425.
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BackgroundGP practices have limited access to medical emergency training and basic life support is often taught out of context as a skills-based event.AimTo develop and evaluate a whole team integrated simulation-based education, to enhance learning, change behaviours and provide safer care.MethodPhase 1: 10 practices piloted a 3-hour programme delivering 40 minutes BLS and AED skills and 2-hour deteriorating patient simulation. Three scenarios where developed: adult chest pain, child anaphylaxis and baby bronchiolitis. An adult simulation patient and relative were used and a child and baby manikin. Two facilitators trained in coaching and debriefing used the 3D debriefing model. Phase 2: 12 new practices undertook identical training derived from Phase 1, with pre- and post-course questionnaires. Teams were scored on: team working, communication, early recognition and systematic approach. The team developed action plans derived from their learning to inform future response. Ten of the 12 practices from Phase 2 received an emergency drill within 6 months of the original session. Three to four members of the whole team integrated training, attended the drill, but were unaware of the nature of the scenario before. Scoring was repeated and action plans were revisited to determine behaviour changes.ResultsEvery emergency drill demonstrated improved scoring in skills and behaviour.ConclusionA combination of: in situ GP simulation, appropriately qualified facilitators in simulation and debriefing, and action plans developed by the whole team suggests safer care for patients experiencing a medical emergency.
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Keller, H., M. Müller-Engelmann, M. Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, T. Krones, N. Donner-Banzhoff, and O. Hirsch. "Trying to Optimise the German Version of the OPTION Scale Regarding the Dyadic Aspect of Shared Decision Making." Methods of Information in Medicine 52, no. 06 (2013): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me13-01-0011.
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Summary Objectives: The OPTION scale (“observing patient involvement in decision making”) assesses the extent to which clinicians involve patients in decisions across a range of situations in clinical practice. It so far just covers physician behavior. We intended to modify the scoring of the OPTION scale to incorpo -rate active patient behavior in consultations. Methods: Modification was done on scoring level, attempting a dyadic, relationship-centred approach in that high ratings can be evoked also by the behaviour of active patients. The German version of the OPTION scale was compared with a modified version by analysing video recordings of primary care consultations dealing with cardiovascular prevention. Fifteen general practitioners provided 40 videotaped consultations. Videos were analysed by two rater pairs and two experts in shared decision making (SDM). Results: Reliability measures of the modified version were lower than those of the original scale. Significant associations of the dichotomised scale with the expert SDM rating as well as with physicians’ expertise in SDM were only found for the modified OPTION scale. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses confirmed a valid differentiation between the presence of SDM (yes/no) on total score level, even though the cut-off point was quite low. Standard deviations of the single items in the modified version were higher compared to the original OPTION scale, while the means of total scores were similar. Conclusions: The original OPTION scale is physician-centered and neglects the activity and a possible self-involvement of the patient. Our modified instruction was able to capture the dyadic element partially. The development of a separate dyadic instrument might be more promising.
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Whitaker, T. C., A. A. Mills, R. Kane, and R. Murray. "The relationship between judge assessment of ‘collective marks’ and overall performance within an elite level dressage competition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620002843x.
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Dressage competitions consist of the subjective scoring of a number of set movements performed in a specific order within an arena. Hinnemann and van Baalen (2003) suggested that the ‘collective’ marks awarded are a good judgement of the relative behaviour of a horse performing a dressage test. Those animals that are observed to be more relaxed, calm and appear comfortable in their work are generally awarded higher collective marks. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between collective marks and overall score (i.e. level of performance) within a dressage competition.
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Kis, Anna, Borbála Turcsán, Ádám Miklósi, and Márta Gácsi. "The effect of the owner’s personality on the behaviour of owner-dog dyads." Interaction Studies 13, no. 3 (2012): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.13.3.03kis.
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We describe the relationships between dog owners’ personality attributes (assessed via questionnaire), their behaviours and the dog’s behaviours observed during brief dog-owner and dog-stranger interactions (N = 78). Interactions comprised the owner commanding the dog to sit, and the stranger showing a ball to the restrained dog and then hiding it. Owners scoring higher on neuroticism and openness used more commands (gestural and verbal) when asking the dog to sit, and the dogs of owners higher on neuroticism obeyed with a longer latency and spent more time looking at the stranger. More extraverted owners praised their dog more, and it took longer for their dogs to look at the stranger but they spent more time looking at the stranger, whereas dogs of more agreeable owners spent more time looking at the ball. Based on these results we conclude that some aspects of owners’ personality appear to be tied to their dog’s attentional concerns. Keywords: dog-human interaction; personality; multivariate statistical methods
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Ilyas, Asnelly, and Eliwatis Eliwatis. "KAJIAN PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERDASARKAN KURIKULUM 2013 DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KEC. LIMA KAUM KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR." Ta'dib 12, no. 2 (2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jt.v19i2.467.
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Decreasing attitude and/or moral values among students forced Indonesian government to be responsible to solve this problem through character building. Considering ‘Undang-Undang RI No.17 Tahun 2005’, this is a must for every school to over-come all problems that contribute to the decreasing attitute/ moral values of the students. Inhence, this research was done to know how was the implementation character education at schools. The design of the research was qualitative one. The researcher came to the class to observe the teaching and learning proseses (pre, whilst, and post activities) in order to get complete data. After analyzing the lesson plan and observation result of the teaching and learning proseses in the classroom, it could be known that there was the information of character building in the lesson plan (the learning objective, teaching steps and measurment). Then, the moral values were integrated in teaching materials by using cooperative learning, active learning, contexttual and expository strategy. In measuring the students’ attitute/ behaviour, the teacher faced difficulties in interpreting and scoring because there was no clear information of scoring students’ character/ attitute.
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Rix, Anne, Natascha Drude, Anna Mrugalla, Felix M. Mottaghy, René H. Tolba, and Fabian Kiessling. "Performance of severity parameters to detect chemotherapy-induced pain and distress in mice." Laboratory Animals 54, no. 5 (2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219883327.
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According to European Union directive 2010/63/EU a severity classification of experimental procedures performed on laboratory animals is mandatory. This includes a prospective evaluation of all interventions performed within the experiment, as well as an assessment of the actual burden of each animal during the experiment. In this regard, the evaluation and scoring of defined criteria regarding the health state of animals could help to early identify deteriorations in animal health and facilitate the application of humane endpoints. This article discusses the applicability of an adapted score sheet in BALB/cAnNRj mice receiving either cisplatin, doxorubicin or busulfan, three chemotherapeutic agents with different toxicological profiles and longitudinal non-invasive molecular imaging. The health state was investigated by score sheets documenting general state, body weight, spontaneous behaviour and treatment specific parameters (e.g. anaemia, neurotoxicity, persistent diarrhoea). Although blood and serum analyses clearly indicated various organ damage, most scoring parameters except for body weight did not report on the deceasing animal health state. Thus, there is need for more sensitive observational parameters to judge the animal's health state and welfare.
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Gilang Purnajati, Oscar, Rachmadya Nur Hidayah, and Gandes Retno Rahayu. "Does objective structured clinical examination examiners’ backgrounds influence the score agreement?" Asia Pacific Scholar 6, no. 2 (2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-2/oa2367.
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Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) examiners come from various backgrounds. This background variability may affect the way they score examinees. This study aimed to understand the effect of background variability influencing the examiners’ score agreement in OSCE’s procedural skill. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted with explanatory sequential design. OSCE examiners (n=64) in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana (FoM-UKDW) took part to assess two videos of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) competence to get their level of agreement by using Fleiss Kappa. One video portrayed CPR according to performance guideline, and the other portrayed CPR not according to performance guidelines. Primary survey, CPR procedure, and professional behaviour were assessed. To confirm the assessment results qualitatively, in-depth interviews were also conducted. Results: Fifty-one examiners (79.7%) completed the assessment forms. From 18 background categories, there was a good agreement (>60%) in: Primary survey (4 groups), CPR procedure (15 groups), and professional behaviour (7 groups). In-depth interviews revealed several personal factors involved in scoring decisions: 1) Examiners use different references in assessing the skills; 2) Examiners use different ways in weighting competence; 3) The first impression might affect the examiners’ decision; and 4) Clinical practice experience drives examiners to establish a personal standard. Conclusions: This study identifies several factors of examiner background that allow better agreement of procedural section (CPR procedure) with specific assessment guidelines. We should address personal factors affecting scoring decisions found in this study in preparing faculty members as OSCE examiners.
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Lukason, Oliver, and María-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. "What Best Explains Reporting Delays? A SME Population Level Study of Different Factors." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094663.
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The objective of this paper is to find out which factors best explain why SMEs delay their annual reports (DAR). Relying on various theoretical streams, we use three types of variables to explain DAR: past DAR behaviour of managers, corporate governance characteristics and occurrence of financial distress. The study is based on the whole population data from Estonia, with a total 59,294 unique firms. Two types of DAR, i.e., short- and long-term delays, are used as dependent variables in the logistic regression analysis. The paper indicates that both types of today’s DAR are best explained by the previous DAR behaviour of managers, especially in the nearest past. Financial distress has a lower, but still acceptable explanatory power, while it remains weak for the corporate governance characteristics. Firm size and age have an impact on the results. As the paper indicates the prominence of recurrent violation behaviour in explaining DAR, the legal framework and its implementation could be adjusted to take account of this fact. The linkage of DAR and financial distress suggests the inclusion of the former into credit scoring models.
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Roughan, John V., and Paul A. Flecknell. "Training in behaviour-based post-operative pain scoring in rats—An evaluation based on improved recognition of analgesic requirements." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 96, no. 3-4 (2006): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.012.
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Bjørkly, Stål. "Report Form for Aggressive Episodes: Preliminary Report." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3_suppl (1996): 1139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1139.
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This paper gives a description of the development and initial empirical testing of the Report Form for Aggressive Episodes, a behavioural rating scale used to measure displayed aggressive behaviour and the situational determinant(s) according to a list of 30 potential precipitants to aggression. Findings from a one-year study in a special secure unit for the long-term treatment of dangerous patients show very high rates of underreporting of aggressive episodes in ward journals and patient files compared to this scale. Illustrations of the clinical use of the scale are provided by scoring examples and two case vignettes.