Journal articles: 'Behavioural activation system (BIS/BAS)'

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Bowins, Brad E. "Augmenting Behavioural Activation Treatment with the Behavioural Activation and Inhibition Scales." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40, no. 2 (July 18, 2011): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465811000415.

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Background: Although behavioural activation therapy is effective for depression there is always room for improvement, and also the need to extend this treatment modality to anxiety disorders. Method: A search was conducted for an easy to apply and effective method of achieving these aims. Results: To both enhance the effectiveness of behavioural activation treatment for depression and facilitate its extension to anxiety disorders, it is proposed that the Behavioral Approach/Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) be incorporated. BIS/BAS Scales are easy to administer and evaluate ensuring that there is minimal added complexity. Overall, BAS, BAS subscale (Drive, Reward Responsiveness, and Fun Seeking) and BIS scores provide valuable information pertaining to a person's approach and avoidance responses. This general information, plus that derived from specific scale items, can be used to guide more focused and effective behavioural activation strategies. Brief case examples are provided to demonstrate how the BIS/BAS Scales can be applied. Conclusion: BIS/BAS Scales offer an easy to apply and effective means of enhancing behavioural activation therapy for depression and extending this treatment modality to anxiety disorders.

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Dempsey, R. C., P. A. Gooding, and S. H. Jones. "A prospective study of bipolar disorder vulnerability in relation to behavioural activation, behavioural inhibition and dysregulation of the Behavioural Activation System." European Psychiatry 44 (July 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.03.005.

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AbstractBackground:The weak regulation, or “dysregulation”, of the Behavioural Activation System (BAS) is implicated in the development and recurrence of bipolar disorder. However, there has been a lack of prospective studies investigating the predictive role of BAS dysregulation in relation to bipolar-vulnerability. Furthermore, no studies have tested the prospective predictive utility of the DYS self-report measure of BAS dysregulation in an analogue sample. The goal of the current study was to redress this gap.Methods:Participants (n = 127) completed baseline self-report measures of mood symptoms (Internal States Scale [ISS]), the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), behavioural activation, inhibition and dysregulation of BAS (BIS/BAS and DYS), and at six months, the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ).Results:Linear regression analysis indicated a significant main effect of BAS Dysregulation, and a significant interaction between BIS and BAS Fun Seeking, on prospective MDQ scores whilst controlling for baseline mood symptoms and HPS scores. The interaction effect indicated that the relationship between high BAS Fun Seeking and follow-up MDQ scores was strongest when BIS scores were high, whilst the lowest MDQ scores were observed for a combination of low BAS Fun Seeking and high BIS. However, DYS scores were the stronger predictor of MDQ scores compared to the BAS Fun Seeking and BIS interaction.Conclusions:Bipolar-vulnerability is prospectively associated with heightened BAS Dysregulation, as measured by the DYS subscale, similar to prior findings in clinical samples. Further research investigating the longer-term associations between BAS Dysregulation with the development of clinically significant bipolar mood symptoms is required.

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Leone, Luigi, Marco Perugini, Richard P. Bagozzi, Antonio Pierro, and Lucia Mannetti. "Construct validity and generalizability of the Carver–White behavioural inhibition system/behavioural activation system scales." European Journal of Personality 15, no. 5 (September 2001): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.415.

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The factorial structure and invariance of the BIS/BAS scales of Carver and White were assessed across three samples from the USA, UK, and Italy. Previous validation studies of the BIS/BAS scales relied on individual samples drawn from English‐speaking populations only and failed to formally assess generalizability. The current study shows that the four‐factor structure proposed by Carver and White—i.e. one BIS and three BAS facets—achieved satisfactory psychometric properties in all three samples and that measurement invariance was obtained across countries. Latent mean differences due to gender and country were also investigated. Theoretical issues concerning the validity of the BIS/BAS scales are addressed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Quilty, Lena C., and Jonathan M. Oakman. "The assessment of behavioural activation—the relationship between positive emotionality and the behavioural activation system." European Journal of Personality 18, no. 7 (November 2004): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.530.

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Much personality research suggests that the variance in personality can be accounted for by a few dimensions, often hypothesized to be connected to neurological circuits. Gray's (1982) behavioural activation system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) in particular propose to explain for a variety of behaviour. This investigation sought to determine whether Positive Emotionality is an appropriate measure of the BAS, and how Tellegen's (1985) constructs are related to BAS activity. Measures of BAS and Positive Emotionality were administered to undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that, while Positive Emotionality can be used as an indicator of BAS activity, it is better conceived of as a distinct, correlated construct. In addition, not all components of Positive Emotionality were related to BAS activity, and BAS was further related to components of Negative Emotionality and Constraint. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Dolenc, B., L. Sprah, and M. Dernovsek. "P01-203-Motivational systems and trait impulsivity in euthymic outpatients with bipolar mood disorder and healthy volunteers." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71914-9.

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ObjectivesAlthough previous studies have suggested that bipolar disorder symptoms could result from increased impulsivity and vulnerability of the Behavioural Activation System (BAS), the association of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) with the disorder remains unclear.AimsGiven that motivational systems, especially BAS, and impulsivity are closely intertwined, we aimed to assess the associations between BIS and BAS and impulsivity among healthy volunteers and remitted bipolar outpatients.Methods70 euthymic bipolar outpatients and 70 healthy controls were self assessed with the BIS/BAS Scale and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale.ResultsOur data revealed elevated BIS and BAS sensitivity (Figure 1a) as well as impulsivity (Figure 1b) in the group of bipolar outpatients. Both motivational systems seem to be unrelated to the trait impulsivity.ConclusionsOur results indicate that BIS/BAS sensitivity and impulsivity represent a distinct trait. Furthermore, elevated BIS and BAS sensitivity and impulsivity in the euthymic phase of the disorder could represent an indicator of relatively stable personal traits which persist throughout all phases of the illness, thus signifying a vulnerability factor that could be relevant in the early diagnostic picture of affective disorders.

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Balconi, Michela, and Roberta Finocchiaro. "Deficit in rewarding mechanisms and prefrontal left/right cortical effect in vulnerability for internet addiction." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 28, no. 5 (March 9, 2016): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.9.

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ObjectiveThe present research explored the cortical correlates of rewarding mechanisms and cortical ‘unbalance’ effect in internet addiction (IA) vulnerability.MethodsInternet Addiction Inventory (IAT) and personality trait (Behavioural Inhibition System, BIS; Behavioural Activation System, BAS) were applied to 28 subjects. Electroencephalographic (EEG, alpha frequency band) and response times (RTs) were registered during a Go-NoGo task execution in response to different online stimuli: gambling videos, videogames or neutral stimuli. Higher-IAT (more than 50 score, with moderate or severe internet addiction) and lower-IAT (<50 score, with no internet addiction).ResultsAlpha band and RTs were affected by IAT, with significant bias (reduced RTs) for high-IAT in response to gambling videos and videogames; and by BAS, BAS-Reward subscale (BAS-R), since not only higher-IAT, but also BAS and BAS-R values determined an increasing of left prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity (alpha reduction) in response to videogames and gambling stimuli for both Go and NoGo conditions, in addition to decreased RTs for these stimuli categories.ConclusionThe increased PFC responsiveness and the lateralisation (left PFC hemisphere) effect in NoGo condition was explained on the basis of a ‘rewarding bias’ towards more rewarding cues and a deficit in inhibitory control in higher-IAT and higher-BAS subjects. In contrast lower-IAT and lower-BAS predicted a decreased PFC response and increased RTs for NoGo (inhibitory mechanism). These results may support the significance of personality (BAS) and IAT measures for explaining future internet addiction behaviour based on this observed ‘vulnerability’.

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Taylor, Jeanette, Mark Reeves, Lisa James, and Leonardo Bobadilla. "Disinhibitory trait profile and its relation to Cluster B personality disorder features and substance use problems." European Journal of Personality 20, no. 4 (June 2006): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.585.

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Certain personality and motivational traits may present vulnerability towards disinhibitory psychopathology (e.g. antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse). Cluster analysis was used to separately group 306 women and 274 men on impulsivity, Constraint, Negative Emotionality, behavioural activation system (BAS), and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) scores. As expected, a ‘disinhibited’ group with low Constraint, high impulsivity, weak BIS, and strong BAS emerged that showed elevated drug use problems, and histrionic and antisocial personality disorder features across gender. A ‘high affectivity’ group with high Negative Emotionality and strong BIS also showed elevated drug use problems and personality disorder features. Results suggested that two different trait profiles are associated with disinhibitory psychopathology and both may present vulnerability toward the development of such disorders. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Beaton, Alan A., Imogen H. Kaack, and Philip J. Corr. "Handedness and behavioural inhibition system/behavioural activation system (BIS/BAS) scores: A replication and extension of Wright, Hardie, and Wilson (2009)." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 20, no. 5 (February 20, 2015): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2015.1016530.

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van Zeeland, Eveline, and Jörg Henseler. "The behavioural response of the professional buyer on social cues from the vendor and how to measure it." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-06-2016-0135.

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Purpose Vendors’ social cues – physical or behavioural hints – have an impact on the professional buyer. However, little is known about that impact. The purpose of this paper is to place knowledge about the impact of social cues that other disciplines acquired in the context of business-to-business (B2B) marketing to contribute constructively to the research agenda. Design/methodology/approach By integrating findings on the processing of social cues and the behavioural response from the disciplines of neuroscience, biology and psychology (specifically the behavioural inhibition system [BIS]/behavioural activation system [BAS]-theory), this paper aims to provide an interdisciplinary perspective on the automatic evaluation of vendors by professional buyers. Findings Social cues are likely to be of substantial value in the (first) encounter between buyer and seller. Positively evaluated social cues create an approach-motivated behavioural intention, whereas negatively evaluated ones create avoidance. This process is probably predominantly mediated by trust and moderated by personality and contextual factors. Research limitations/implications This paper stimulates research about the impact of social cues in a B2B context. While such knowledge would add practical value, this paper also explores possibilities for managers to use neuroscientific techniques to assess and train sales agents. Originality/value The impact of social cues is hardly covered in the B2B marketing literature, but they have an important impact on B2B decision-making. The conceptual framework combines the BIS/BAS theory (approach/avoidance) with the SOR-model (stimulus-organism-response), which is unique to the B2B marketing field.

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KAFADAR, Hatice, and Selin YILMAZ. "Impulsive Buying Tendecy: The Role of Cognitive Factors, Personality Traits and Affect." Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi 6, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1170318.

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Impulsive buying is considered to be an emotional and unplanned decision-making behaviour. Because this type of purchasing rate has fairly increased in recent years, examining the determinants of impulsive buying is important to understand which intervention programs should be designed. In the current study, it was aimed to develop a model in which impulsive buying tendency is predicted by variables such as personality traits, affect and cognitive factors (problem solving skills and cognitive flexibility). Overall, 300 young adults (198 female and 102 male), took part in the study. The mean age of the participants for the current study was as 21.29 years (SD=2.95). Impulsive buying tendency, personality traits, affect, problem solving skills and cognitive flexibility variables were measured via Consumer Buying Impulsivity Scale (CBI), Behavioural Inhibition/Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) and Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFI), respectively. The results indicated that personality traits in the behavioral activation system (reward system) could be an important determinant of impulsive buying tendency when examined together with other variables. In sum, high reward responsiveness may result in impulsive buying. Furthermore, affective factors (both negative and positive affect) rather than cognitive factors may be a triggering factor for impulsive buying.

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Murphy, Philip, Lisa Murphy, and Hugh Garavan. "Different measures of Behavioural Activation System (BAS) sensitivity uniquely predict problem drinking among college students." Irish Journal of Psychology 35, no. 1 (November 18, 2013): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2013.853201.

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Balconi, Michela, and Guido Mazza. "Lateralisation effect in comprehension of emotional facial expression: A comparison between EEG alpha band power and behavioural inhibition (BIS) and activation (BAS) systems." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 15, no. 3 (May 2010): 361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500902886056.

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Corr, Philip J., Allison Tynan, and Veena Kumari. "Personality Correlates of Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex at Three Lead Intervals." Journal of Psychophysiology 16, no. 2 (January 2002): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.16.2.82.

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Abstract The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is modulated by a number of experimental factors, the most important of which in the field of psychopathology is weak prestimulation: The ASR is reliably reduced if preceded briefly by a weaker stimulus (i. e., the prepulse), an effect known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI is thought to reflect centrally-mediated sensorimotor gating of stimuli, preventing cognitive overload and behavioural confusion. PPI is impaired in a variety of psychiatric disorders, notably schizophrenia, as well as in individuals who score high on psychometric measures of psychosis proneness. Two experiments examined the association of personality (trait emotionality) and PPI at three prepulse-to-pulse intervals (30, 60 and 120 ms). Consistent with previous reports, findings from both experiments showed highly significant PPI (defined as percentage reduction in the amplitude of the ASR), which increased with prepulse-to-pulse interval (30 < 60 < 120 ms). A novel finding was that, in both experiments 1 (N = 36) and 2 (N = 63), the trait of neuroticism was negatively correlated with PPI; in addition, a measure of positive incentive motivation (i. e., Behavioural Activation System, Drive subscale; BAS-Drive) was also negatively correlated with PPI. These trait emotionality associations were independent of gender. Possible causal explanations of these personality associations are outlined. It is concluded that, in order to clarify the aetiological role of sensorimotor gating in psychopathological conditions (e. g., schizophrenia, often entailing emotional activation), trait emotionality variance should be routinely examined in future PPI studies.

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Smits, Dirk J. M., and P. D. Boeck. "From BIS/BAS to the big five." European Journal of Personality 20, no. 4 (June 2006): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.583.

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Gray (1987) proposed two systems that underlie much of our behaviour and personality. One system relates to avoidance or withdrawal behaviour, called the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), whereas the other system relates to approach behaviour, called the Behavioural Approach System (BAS). In two samples, it was investigated whether individual differences in surface of personality as described by the Big Five can be explained by BIS/BAS. Neuroticism and Extraversion could be explained well by BIS/BAS, but also for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness consistent findings were obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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De Decker, Annelies, Sandra Verbeken, Isabelle Sioen, Nathalie Michels, Leentje Vervoort, Caroline Braet, and Stefaan De Henauw. "BIS/BAS Scale in Primary School Children: Parent-Child Agreement and Longitudinal Stability." Behaviour Change 34, no. 2 (June 2017): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2017.8.

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The current study provided psychometric information on the parent and child version of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioural Approach System (BAS) scale. Parent-child agreement was evaluated (N = 217, 7.5 to 14 years, 50% boys). Moreover, absolute and rank order stability of mother-reported BIS/BAS scores over a 2-year period were assessed (N = 207, 5.5 to 11 years at baseline, 49% boys). Only full measurement invariant (sub-)scales were considered in the parent-child agreement and longitudinal stability assessment. Parent and child ratings were found to be measurement invariant but discrepant on BAS Drive and BAS Reward Responsiveness. In younger children, child ratings on BAS Drive tended to be higher than parent ratings, whereas in older children, child ratings tended to be lower than parent ratings. Further, the discrepancy between the BAS Drive ratings of fathers and children was higher than the discrepancy between the BAS Drive ratings of mothers and children. Finally, the study results suggested 2-year absolute and rank order stability of the measurement-invariant, mother-reported BIS and BAS Drive scores in children aged 5.5 to 11 years at baseline.

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Lee, Soo Jin, Sung Hye Kim, Nangyeon Lim, Mi Young Ahn, and Han Chae. "Study on the Difference of BIS/BAS Scale between Sasang Types." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/805819.

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Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in temperament between So-Yang (SY) and So-Eum (SE) Sasang types using Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scale to elucidate the biopsychological mechanism underlying the Sasang typology, a traditional Korean personalized medicine.Methods. 248 university students were categorized into three Sasang types, and series oft-tests were conducted, separately for male and female participants, to examine the difference of Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Activation System (BAS), BAS-Drive (BAS-D), BAS-Fun Seeking (BAS-FS), and BAS-Reward Responsiveness (BAS-RR) scores between SY and SE Sasang types.Results. There were significant differences between Sasang types in the BIS/BAS subscales with consideration of gender. In male participants, BAS-total score of SY type (39.75±4.56) was significantly (t=2.462,p=0.016) higher than that of SE type (36.68±4.97). On the other hand, in female participants, BIS score of SY type (20.10±4.01) was significantly (t=-2.097,p=0.039) lower than that of SE type (21.83±3.91).Discussion. The current study suggested relationship between Sasang typology and Behavior Inhibition and Activation Systems and showed significant differences in BIS/BAS scale between SY and SE Sasang types. Further studies on biological base of Sasang typology are needed.

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Kircanski, K., H. Mazur, and I. H. Gotlib. "Behavioral activation system moderates self-referent processing following recovery from depression." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 9 (January 8, 2013): 1909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002851.

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BackgroundPrevious research has implicated the behavioral activation system (BAS) in depression. The relationship of BAS functioning to aspects of cognitive vulnerability to depression, however, is not known.MethodThe present study investigated associations among level of BAS functioning and the encoding and recall of positive and negative self-referent information in currently non-depressed participants with a history of recurrent major depression (recovered; RMD) and in never-depressed control participants (CTL). Participants completed self-report measures of levels of BAS and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) functioning. Following a negative mood induction, participants were presented with a series of positive and negative adjectives; they indicated which words described them and later recalled as many of the words as they were able.ResultsThe relationship of BAS functioning to self-referent processing was dependent on participant group. Although lower BAS reward responsivity was associated with the endorsement and recall of fewer positive words across groups, the magnitude of these associations was stronger, and was only significant, within the RMD group. Furthermore, only for RMD participants was lower BAS reward responsivity associated with the endorsement of more negative words. These effects were not accounted for by depressive or anxiety symptoms, current mood, or level of BIS functioning.ConclusionsThese results indicate that BAS functioning may be distinctively linked to negatively biased self-referent processing, one facet of cognitive vulnerability to depression, in individuals with a history of major depressive disorder. Enhancing BAS functioning may be important in buffering cognitive vulnerability to depression.

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Huh, Hyu Jung, Bo Ram Jeong, Ji Hyun Hwang, and Jeong-Ho Chae. "High Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Sensitivity, Childhood Emotional Neglect and Their Interaction as Possible Related Factors for Adult Attachment Style in Depression." Psychiatry Investigation 17, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0165.

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Objective Individual differences in attachment insecurity are important in a broad range of mental health problems. However, few empirical studies have examined the clinical factors that contribute to individual differences in attachment style. This study examines the nature of interrelationships among adult attachment styles, sensitivities of behavioral activation system/behavioral inhibition system (BIS/BAS), and childhood trauma in patients with depressive disorders.Methods Patients with depressive disorders (n=294) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating adult attachment style, childhood trauma, and BIS/BAS sensitivity. We performed multiple regression analyses to examine the associations between attachment style and other clinical factors, including childhood trauma and BIS/BAS sensitivity. We also conducted hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses to examine the interaction between BIS/BAS sensitivity and childhood trauma.Results The BAS sensitivity was negatively associated with attachment avoidance. The higher was the BIS/BAS sensitivity, the higher was the level of attachment anxiety. Among childhood trauma, emotional neglect contributed to both dimensions of insecure attachment. The interaction between BAS sensitivity and emotional neglect is significantly associated with attachment anxiety.Conclusion This study used data regarding the interrelationship of childhood trauma and basic motivational systems to contribute to the understanding of adult insecure attachment behaviors, a risk factor for depression.

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Slobodskaya, Helena R. "Two Superordinate Personality Factors in Childhood." European Journal of Personality 25, no. 6 (November 2011): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.810.

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The study presents the superordinate structure of personality measured by the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (ICID) and its links with behavioural approach system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS), problem behaviour and family environment measures in parent reports of 1780 Russian children aged 3–17 years and 573 adolescent self–reports. Two higher–order factors, α comprising Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism (reversed), and β comprising Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability, were confirmed across gender and age. Structural model linking BAS with α and BIS with β was supported. α was negatively associated with externalising problems and β was negatively related to internalising problems. The links with family cohesion, punishment, westernisation and affluence supported the external validity of the Big Two. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Du Rocher, Andrew R., Jessica Barker, Monika I. Chalupka, Anna France, Raisa S. Habib, Joel H. Holzer, Bethany M. R. Johnston, Heather Mee, Imaan Mohammed, and Rebecca Quail. "Are reinforcement sensitivity personality constructs and attentional control important predictors of restrictive disordered eating?" International Journal of Personality Psychology 7 (October 19, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.37818.

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The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) perspective on personality suggests that a neuropsychological behavioural inhibition system (BIS), behavioural approach system (BAS), and a fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) produce the key personality traits involved in approach and avoidance behaviours. This perspective on personality can be used as a framework for understanding psychopathology. Self-report research on rRST suggests that restrictive disordered eating relates to elevated BIS sensitivity, elevated FFFS sensitivity, and possibly dysfunctional BAS sensitivity. Disordered eating can also relate to reduced trait mindfulness, which is a broadly defined construct. Trait mindfulness is positively correlated with attentional control (AC) which is a more specific component of our cognitive architecture that incorporates attentional focusing and attentional shifting processes. It is unknown how BIS and AC interact to predict restrictive disordered eating. We tested how self-reported BIS, BAS, and FFFS sensitivity, AC, and trait mindfulness relate to restrictive disordered eating in 464 healthy participants, and 177 participants with a history of psychiatric disorder. We provide new evidence that elevated restrictive disordered eating relates to reduced self-reported AC abilities (in addition to elevated BIS, and elevated FFFS sensitivity). We illustrate that the combination of high BIS and low AC predicts high levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants), whereas low BIS and high AC predicts lower levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants). We discuss how understanding the relationship between personality and attentional control can inform the design of future intervention studies.

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Kwon, Eun-A., and Soon Hwa Jo. "The Relationship between Behavioral Activation/Behavioral Inhibition System and Smartphone Addiction of High School Students: Mediating Effects of Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 24 (December 31, 2022): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.24.319.

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Objectives This study suggests Behavioral Activation System(BAS), Behavioral Inhibition System(BIS), Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies as the cause of Smartphone addiction and attempted to examine the correlation of these. Moreover, this study is to prove BAS and BIS affects Smartphone addiction through Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Methods The total of 464 high school students who are vulnerable to behavioral addiction participated in measuring Smartphone addiction using Korean version BAS/BIS, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(K-CERQ) and smartphone addiction self-diagnosis scales. Results First, BAS/BIS and Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and smartphone addiction showed significant proportional correlation. Second, BAS/BIS and Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies explain clearly on the smartphone addiction. Last, Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies fully mediates between BAS and smartphone addiction which means BAS respectively does not cause direct effect to smartphone addiction but causes indirect effects. Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies partially mediates between BIS and smartphone addiction which means BIS respectively does not cause direct effect to smartphone addiction but causes indirect effects. The outcome of this study implies that the BIS directly affects smartphone addiction and also it affects indirectly through Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Conclusions The results of this study verified the mediating effect of the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy in relation to the recent serious problem of smartphone addiction among adolescents, and highlighted its importance.

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Masuyama, Akihiro, Takahiro Kubo, Hiroki Shinkawa, and Daichi Sugawara. "The roles of trait and process resilience in relation of BIS/BAS and depressive symptoms among adolescents." PeerJ 10 (July 5, 2022): e13687. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13687.

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Background Extensive literature revealed the relations of depression with behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) as vulnerability and with resilience separately. Besides, the concept of resilience is still broad and ambiguous. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the mediation of two aspects of resilience: trait and process, in the relations of BIS and BAS to depression among adolescents. Methods The data set used in this study was a cross-sectional survey among 965 adolescents. The obtained data from the self-reported questionnaires used in this study were as below: Depression Serf-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS-C), Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BASS), and Bidimensional Resilience Scale (BRS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to verify the hypothesized relations among BIS/BAS, trait and behavior resilience, and depressive symptoms. Results The obtained indices of fit from SEM were good or sufficient (χ2 = 562.911, df = 96, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.925; NFI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.067, 0.079]; SRMR = 0.066). And the modeling showed that both BIS/BAS directly and indirectly influenced to depression. The indirect effects of BIS/BAS were mediated only trait resilience except the indirect effect of BIS via behavioral resilience. Discussion Our results suggested that trait resilience played a significant mediation role in the relationships between BIS/BAS and depression. Trait but not process resilience could be considered suitable as an intervention target in line with decreasing depression.

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Ammerman, Brooke A., Evan M. Kleiman, Abbigail L. Jenkins, Mitchell E. Berman, and Michael S. McCloskey. "Using Propensity Scores to Examine the Association Between Behavioral Inhibition/Activation and Nonsuicidal and Suicidal Self-Injury." Crisis 38, no. 4 (July 2017): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000436.

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Abstract. Background: Self-injurious behavior (e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide attempts) is a serious public health concern. One potentially important but understudied predictor of nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury involves the behavioral inhibition and activation system (BIS/BAS). Aims: The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury and BIS/BAS, and to consider the influence of related variables in the relationship. Examination through this framework allowed us to consider BIS and BAS as potential unique risk factors of self-injury. Method: After examining the relationship between nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury and BIS/BAS among 1,912 participants, we used propensity scores to match participants' propensity for nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts based on demographic variables (e.g., gender, age) and related risk factors (e.g., anxiety, depressive symptomology, impulsivity, and substance use problems). Results: Participants who reported nonsuicidal self-injury or attempted suicide scored higher on BIS and BAS compared with those without a history of these behaviors. After matching procedures, however, the only group difference found was on BIS between those with and without a history of nonsuicidal self-injury. Conclusion: Results support the notion that the behavioral inhibition system might play a role in nonsuicidal self-injury but not in suicidal self-injury.

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Cooper, Andrew, Rapson Gomez, and Helen Aucote. "The Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Approach System (BIS/BAS) Scales: Measurement and structural invariance across adults and adolescents." Personality and Individual Differences 43, no. 2 (July 2007): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.023.

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Vermeersch, Hans, Guy T’Sjoen, Jean-Marc Kaufman, and John Vincke. "The relationship between sex steroid hormones and behavioural inhibition (BIS) and behavioural activation (BAS) in adolescent boys and girls." Personality and Individual Differences 47, no. 1 (July 2009): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.034.

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Ghooshchianchoobmasjedi, S., and J. Hassani. "BAS, BIS and FFS in obsessive-compulsive patients." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72674-8.

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IntroductionRecent research on the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has emphasis on the moderating effects of the brain behavioral mechanisms.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this research was to examine the Gray's brain behavioral systems (1994) among the obsessive-compulsive disordered patients.AimsMy aim of this research was to examine the Gray's brain behavioral systems (1994) among the obsessive-compulsive disordered patients.MethodsParticipants were included 20 obsessive-compulsive patients and 20 normal individuals who were selected respectively by available sampling and counter balance sampling methods on the basis of the age, sex and education variables. The average of participant's ages was 29/85 (SD = 7/37). All subjects were completed the Gray-Wilson Questionnaire and data were extracted for the three systems of BAS, BIS and FFS and also for its six measures of approach, active avoidance, passive avoidance, extinction, fight and flight separately.ResultsA multivariate analysis of variance, for comparing six measures of the Gray-Wilson questionnaire were shown significantly differences for Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and also for Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). Pairwise comparisons were shown a higher Behavioral- Inhibition system (BIS) and a lower Behavioral- Activation system (BAS) in obsessive -compulsive patients than normal individuals. No significant difference was found for Fight- Flight system (FFS).ConclusionsThese results were suggested higher BIS and lower BAS activity as moderator of OCD. This results supported the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) conveying a higher tendency to the punishment and elimination of the reward in anxious person as a consequence of Behavioral-Inhibition System (BIS).

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Krupić, Dino. "HIGH BAS AND LOW BIS IN OVERCONFIDENCE, AND THEIR IMPACT ON MOTIVATION AND SELF-EFFICACY AFTER POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PERFORMANCE." Primenjena psihologija 10, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2017.3.297-312.

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Self-confidence, motivation, and performance outcome are vital for goal-directed behaviour. However, people do not react to a positive and negative performance in the same way. This study examines (a) the relationship between self-confidence and approach/avoidance motivation, and (b) how approach- and avoidance-oriented individuals respond to a performance outcome. The study was conducted on 93 participants. The first part of the study examined the relationship between self-confidence and approach/avoidance motivation within Reinforcement sensitivity theory, while the second part examined changes in motivation and self-efficiency in overconfident, avoidance- and approach-oriented individuals, following the positive and negative performance. Approach and avoidance tendencies were assessed by Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) and Sensitivity to Punishment Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Correlational analysis showed that the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) and Sensitivity to Reward (SR) correlated positively, while Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) correlated negatively with confidence. In addition, moderated regression analysis showed that (a) high BIS, SP and SR individuals were strongly demotivated following the negative performance, (b) while overconfident and high BAS individuals maintained their initial motivation. On the other hand, motivation in high SR, but not in the high BAS and overconfident individuals, increased after the positive performance. None of the scales predicted the change of self-efficacy either after the positive or negative performance. High BAS and low BIS in overconfident individuals may explain why they strive more toward the final goal despite drawbacks. The theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed in the paper.

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Toyoshima, Kuniyoshi, Jiro Masuya, Miki Ono, Mina Honyashiki, Shogo Hashimoto, Ichiro Kusumi, and Takeshi Inoue. "Effects of the Interaction between Affective Temperaments and BIS/BAS on Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 15841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315841.

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Depressive symptoms (DepS) associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) are influenced by affective temperaments (ATs), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral activation system (BAS). However, the effect of interactions between ATs and BIS/BAS on DepS in MDD remains poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of these interactions. The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A), BIS/BAS questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate ATs, BIS/BAS, and DepS, respectively, in 90 participants with MDD. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to assess the interaction effect. The interaction (β = 0.199, p < 0.05) between depressive temperament (DepT) (β = 0.319, p < 0.01) and BIS scores (β = 0.300, p < 0.01) exhibited a significant positive effect on DepS (ΔR2 = 0.038, p < 0.05). However, the interaction between ATs and BAS scores did not exhibit a significant effect on DepS. Our findings suggest that interactions between BIS sensitivity and DepT worsen DepS in individuals with MDD. Hence, to manage DepS associated with BIS sensitivity and DepT, evaluating their interaction may be useful in daily clinical practice. This study presents important insights into MDD psychopathology.

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Grigoryeva, I. V., A. V. Khodzhaev, Yu M. Kaminskaya, A. V. Gamova, and S. S. Kononov. "INTERRELATION OF SELF-ACTIVATION ASSESSMENT WITH VOLITIONAL SELF-REGULATION AND THE TYPE OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PERSONS." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 20, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-6-613-620.

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Background. The process of psychotherapy of alcohol-addicted persons becomes effective through understanding the relationship between self-activation motives, the state of self-regulation and their social functioning. Purpose: To study the relationship between the assessment of self-activation, volitional self-regulation and the types of interpersonal relationships in alcohol-dependent persons in order to determine therapeutic «targets» for a targeted impact on dependent constructs in the process of psychotherapy. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the medical and labor dispensary (LTP) No.5 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. A total of 250 men aged 24 to 60 years were examined. Group I included persons with alcohol dependence syndrome, who while in the LTP setting, underwent psychotherapy for persons with alcohol dependence syndrome (150). Group II consisted of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome, who while in the LTP setting, participated in the standard program of medical and social readaptation (100). The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: test questionnaire «Research of volitional self-regulation»; BIS/BAS questionnaire; the technique «Diagnostics of interpersonal relations». Results. The results of assessing the type of interpersonal relationships, volitional self-regulation and sensitivity to positive and negative stimuli did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). We identified weak positive relationships in people of group I between «Perseverance» on the BAS scale and the type of relationship «Selfish», «Aggressive», «Suspicious», «Dependent» (p<0.01); between «Pleasure seeking» on the BAS scale and «Authoritarian» (p<0.01), between «Pleasure seeking» on the BAS scale and «Aggressive», «Suspicious», «Dependent» (p<0.01); between BIS and «Suspicious», «Subordinate», «Dependent», «Friendly», «Altruistic» (p<0.05). Weak negative relationships were identified in people of groups I and II between the BIS scale and the scale of volitional self-regulation «Persistence», «General level of volitional self-regulation» (p<0.05). We also identified weak negative relationships in people of group I between the «Self-control» scale and BAS «Persistence», BAS «Pleasure seeking», BAS «Reactivity» (p<0.01); between BAS «Persistence» and BAS «Search for pleasure» and the scale «General level of volitional self-regulation» (p<0.01). Conclusion. The obtained data of relationships made it possible to take into account the dual nature of the selfactivation system and include an intermittent sequence in the process of psychotherapy: the importance of emotional support experience (BAS), leveling and reshaping of negative experience (BIS), reassessment of the subjective significance of one's own personality with the activation of awareness and constructive choice of effective sobriety tools (BAS), the development of a system to counter dependent stimuli and challenges (BIS), the integration of the value of sober thinking into the life system (BAS).

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Kubo, Takahiro, Akihiro Masuyama, and Daichi Sugawara. "Role of innate and acquired resilience in behavioral system, mental health, and internet addiction among Japanese adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic." PeerJ 11 (February 3, 2023): e14643. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14643.

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Background This study examines mediation models in which behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS) impact internet addiction through mental health and the moderating roles of innate and acquired resilience in the models. Methods The data set used in this study was a cross-sectional survey among 952 adolescents in July 2021. Internet Addiction Test, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, BIS/BAS scales, and Depression Self-Rating Scale were used for analysis. After controlling for gender, the mediation and moderated mediation models were examined. Results The results revealed that depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between BIS and internet addiction and between BAS-fun-seeking (BAS-FS) and internet addiction. Innate and acquired resilience moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and internet addiction. The indirect effect of innate and acquired resilience on internet addiction via depressive symptoms was statistically significant in both low and high innate and acquired resilience. The results of conditional indirect effect analysis indicated that the depressive symptoms–internet addiction association decreased with the increase of innate or acquired resilience level. Discussion Our results suggested that depression symptoms played a significant mediation role in the relationships between BIS/BAS and internet addiction, and higher innate and acquired resilience was associated with a reduced risk of internet addiction. BIS/BAS may be a risk for internet dependence via mental health, and innate and acquired resilience appears to serve as a protective factor.

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Reichert, Bernhard E., and Alexander Woods. "Does Motivational Orientation Impact the Effectiveness of Incentive Contracts?" Journal of Management Accounting Research 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51539.

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ABSTRACT Research in psychology has identified that individuals have two distinct neurologically based motivational systems. One system is the behavioral activation system (BAS), which activates individual motivation in response to signals of reward in order to “achieve success.” The second system is the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which activates motivation in response to signals of goal conflict in order to “avoid failure.” We predict and find that a stronger, rather than weaker, BIS attenuates the positive effect of sensitive performance measures on performance. In contrast, the BAS does not moderate the effect of performance measure sensitivity on performance.

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Sutton, Steven K., and Richard J. Davidson. "Prefrontal Brain Asymmetry: A Biological Substrate of the Behavioral Approach and Inhibition Systems." Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (May 1997): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00413.x.

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Resting anterior brain electrical activity, self-report measures of Behavioral Approach and Inhibition System (BAS and BIS) strength, and general levels of positive and negative affect (PA and NA) were collected from 46 unselected undergraduates on two separate occasions Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of prefrontal asymmetry and the self-report measures showed excellent internal consistency reliability and adequate test-retest stability Aggregate measures across the two assessments were computed for all indices Subjects with greater relative left prefrontal activation reported higher levels of BAS strength, whereas those with greater relative right prefrontal activation reported higher levels of BIS strength Prefrontal EEG asymmetry accounted for more than 25% of the variance in the self-report measure of relative BAS-BIS strength Prefrontal EEG, however, was not significantly correlated with PA or NA, or the relative strength of PA versus NA Posterior asymmetry was unrelated to the self-report measures

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Baker, Dustin F., Lisa M. Larson, and Matthew T. Seipel. "Relation of Reinforcement Sensitivity on Vocational Interest and Self-Efficacy." Journal of Career Assessment 27, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072717748956.

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Using the constructs of the behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS), as defined by the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality, the purpose of this study was to determine new linkages between personality traits and interest/self-efficacy across Holland’s hexagon. Specifically, it was proposed that (a) the BAS would positively relate to global liking of vocational interest and negatively relate to global disliking of interest; (b) the BAS would positively relate to enterprising interest and social/enterprising self-efficacy; and (c) the BIS would negatively relate to realistic interest and self-efficacy in a sample of 265 college students. The hypotheses were mostly supported. The BAS was found to be meaningfully positively related to (a) global liking of vocational activities, (b) enterprising interest, and (c) social and enterprising self-efficacy. The BIS was found to be meaningfully negatively related to realistic interest but not realistic self-efficacy. Limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.

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Lerner, Daniel A., Isabella Hatak, and Andreas Rauch. "Deep roots? Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) sensitivity and entrepreneurship." Journal of Business Venturing Insights 9 (June 2018): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2018.02.005.

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SCHOLTEN, M., J. VANHONK, A. ALEMAN, and R. KAHN. "Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), Behavioral activation system (BAS) and schizophrenia: Relationship with psychopathology and physiology." Journal of Psychiatric Research 40, no. 7 (October 2006): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.03.005.

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Jorm, A. F., H. Christensen, A. S. Henderson, P. A. Jacomb, A. E. Korten, and B. Rodgers. "Using the BIS/BAS scales to measure behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation: Factor structure, validity and norms in a large community sample." Personality and Individual Differences 26, no. 1 (January 1998): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00143-3.

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Wells, Timothy J., Lucie Krejčová, Jakub Binter, James G. Pfaus, and Rachel R. Horsley. "No significant effect of frequent online sexual behaviour on Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT): Implications for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): e0274913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274913.

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Reward based learning is broadly acknowledged to underpin the development and maintenance of addictive behaviour although the mechanism in sexual compulsivity is less understood. Using a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) task we tested whether the motivational aspect of conditioned Pavlovian conditioned stimulus invigorated instrumental responding in relation to specific compatible monetary rewards. Performance on the task was analysed between two groups of males based on Low (N = 38) and High (N = 41) self-report online sexual behaviour (OSB). Psychometric tests including sexual compulsivity scale and behavioural activation/behavioural inhibition (BIS/BAS) were also administered to determine the relationship between OSB and general reward sensitivity. We show clear evidence of acquisition in the Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning phases. Specific transfer effect was greater in the High-OSB group although the difference compared to the Low-OSB group was non-significant. OSB negatively correlated with both BIS and BAS indicative of introversion and low reward sensitivity. OSB positively correlated with sexual compulsivity although it is unclear whether individuals in the High-OSB group considered their behaviour either excessive or problematic. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the nature of problematic OSB. Fundamental differences in motivational characteristics and mechanism contributing to compulsive behaviour in relation to high-OSB might indicate incompatibility with behavioural addiction models. PIT was not enhanced in high-OSB by appetitive conditioning, although problematic OSB could stem from failure to inhibit actions. Further research should investigate whether aversive conditioning differentially affects responding in high-OSB individuals, potentially explaining perseverant behaviour despite negative consequences.

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Laurent, Richard, Nelleke Corine van Wouwe, Maxim Turchan, Christopher Tolleson, Fenna Phibbs, Elise Bradley, Wery van den Wildenberg, and Scott A. Wylie. "Motivational Sensitivities Linked to Impulsive Motor Errors in Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 2 (August 22, 2017): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717000741.

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AbstractObjectives: We investigated how broad motivational tendencies are related to the expression and suppression of action impulses in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Sixty-nine participants with PD completed a Simon response conflict task and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scales based on Gray’s (1987) reinforcement sensitivity theory. Analyses determined relationships between BIS, BAS, and the susceptibility to making impulsive action errors and the proficiency of inhibiting interference from action impulses. Results:BIS scores correlated positively with rates of impulsive action errors, indicating that participants endorsing low BIS tendencies were much more susceptible to acting on strong motor impulses. Analyses of subgroups with high versus low BIS scores confirmed this pattern and ruled out alternative explanations in terms of group differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs. None of the scores on the BIS or BAS scales correlated with reactive inhibitory control. Conclusions: PD participants who endorse diminished predilection toward monitoring and avoiding aversive experiences (low BIS) show much greater difficulty restraining fast, impulsive motor errors. Establishing relationships between motivational sensitivities and cognitive control processes may have important implications for treatment strategies and positive health outcomes in participants with PD, particularly those at risk for falling and driving difficulties related to impulsive reactions. (JINS, 2018, 24, 128–138)

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Hewig, Johannes, Dirk Hagemann, Jan Seifert, Ewald Naumann, and Dieter Bartussek. "The Relationship of Cortical Activity and Personality in a Reinforced Go-Nogo Paradigm." Journal of Individual Differences 26, no. 2 (January 2005): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.26.2.86.

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Abstract. The reinforcement sensitivity theory proposes two biological systems for the regulation of emotion, motivation, and personality: the behavioral activation system (BAS), which responds to stimuli related to positive and negative reinforcement, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which responds to conditioned stimuli of punishment and nonreward. Recent findings provided evidence for increased bilateral frontal cortical trait activity in high BAS subjects. We hypothesized that increased bilateral frontal cortical state activity might be found in high BAS subjects in response to stimuli related to positive and negative reinforcement. The cortical reaction of 38 subjects to a reinforced Go-Nogo task was analyzed. A trial consisted of three subsequent stimuli: a cue stimulus (indicating positive, negative, or no reinforcement), an imperative stimulus (Go or Nogo/Inhibition), and a feedback stimulus (success/failure). Alpha power was extracted as a measure of cortical activity. In addition, BAS and BIS were measured using questionnaires. There was an increased cortical activity in response to the cues for reinforcement. High BAS subjects showed an even higher bilateral frontal cortical activity in response to the cues for positive and negative reinforcement as compared to neutral trials. This finding further corroborates a relation of bilateral frontal cortical activity and the BAS, which has now been demonstrated for cortical trait and state activity.

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Monteleone, P., P. Scognamiglio, A. M. Monteleone, D. Perillo, and M. Maj. "Cortisol awakening response in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa: relationships to sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 12 (February 20, 2014): 2653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000270.

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BackgroundSensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity to reward (SR) are personality characteristics that may have relevance for the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). Moreover, personality characteristics are known to modulate the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which is the main component of the endogenous stress response system. As stress has been implicated in the aetiology and the maintenance of EDs, we aimed to study the HPA axis activity in relation to SP and SR, as conceptualized by Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN).MethodTwenty-five women with AN, 23 women with BN and 19 healthy women volunteered for the study. HPA axis activity was assessed by measurement of the salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR). The subjects’ SP and SR were measured by the behavioural inhibition system (BIS)/behavioural approach system (BAS) scales.ResultsThe CAR was significantly enhanced in AN patients, but not in BN patients, compared to healthy women. The CAR correlated significantly with BAS measures, negatively in healthy controls and positively in binge-purging AN patients and BN women. SP, measured by the BIS scale, was higher in patients than in controls.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the occurrence of an enhanced activity of the HPA axis in symptomatic AN, but not in symptomatic BN, and show for the first time that the CAR is associated with SR, as conceptualized by the RST, negatively in healthy subjects but positively in binge-purging ED patients.

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Mitrovic, Dusanka, Snezana Smederevac, and Petar Colovic. "Latent structure and construct validity of the reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire." Psihologija 41, no. 4 (2008): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0804555m.

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The Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory contains three basic systems: Behavioral inhibition system (BAS), Behavioral activation system (BIS) and the Fight/ Flight/ Freeze (FFF) system. In this model, BIS is a system for detection of potential conflict or threat, and FFFS differs three basic patterns of reaction to actual or perceived danger. In Study 1, which was aimed at the examination of the latent structure of the RSQ, was conducted on a sample of 472 participants of both genders. The best - fitting model suggests that, at the top level of hierarchy, three dimensions exist, which are analogous to the BIS, BAS and FFF. The last dimension contains three subordinate dimensions, which represent the subsystems of the FFF. Study 2, in which 203 subjects participated, was aimed at examination of the relations between the dimensions of the Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and dimensions of the PEN model. Confirmatory factor analyses of the RSQ and EPQ-R dimensions revealed that the best-fitting model comprised three latent dimensions, the first one being analogous to the BIS - Neuroticism, the second one to the BAS - Extraversion, and the third to the Aggressiveness- Psychoticism. The structure of the latent dimensions is in accordance with the expectations. The results state that fear and anxiety (which neurophysiological distinction is emphasized by Gray), are substantively similar on the behavioral level. Also, the results suggest that the Freeze dimension is probably closer to the BIS system than to the FFF.

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Santens, E., G. Dom, E. Dierckx, and L. Claes. "The role of Effortful Control in Substance Use Disorders." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.173.

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Background and aim: Temperament and personality traits are important factors underlying the vulnerability for both initiation and continuation of addictive behaviors. In SUDs there is a high comorbidity with mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders. As there is a growing interest in the possible transdiagnostic role of Effortful Control in both SUDs as in their comorbid disorders the current study therefore investigates the influence of reactive (Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System, BIS/BAS) and regulative (Effortful Control, EC) temperament and their interaction in relation to clinical symptomatology and PDs in adult inpatients with SUD. Methods: The EC, BIS/BAS, SCL-90-R and ADP-IV questionnaires were administered to 841 patients (age between 17 y and 71 y) with a SUD admitted at the treatment unit for addiction of a psychiatric hospital. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both, clinical symptomatology and PDs were related to low levels of effortful control (EC). Furthermore, cluster C PDs were related to high levels of BIS and low levels of EC; whereas cluster B PDs were related to low levels of EC and high levels of BAS for the narcissistic and histrionic PD. An interaction effect (BIS*EC) was found for the Schizotypal PD, all other interactions (BIS*EC and BAS*EC) were not significant. Discussion: We found that low EC is involved in all clinical symptomatology and PDs in a sample of inpatients with SUDs. Therapeutic interventions aiming at strengthening effortful control can possibly result in better treatment outcomes for both the addiction as the comorbid psychopathology Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Day, Melissa A., Natasha Matthews, Anica Newman, Jason B. Mattingley, and Mark P. Jensen. "An evaluation of the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation system (BIS-BAS) model of pain." Rehabilitation Psychology 64, no. 3 (August 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000274.

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Choi, Damee, Haruna Tsuji, and Shigeki Watanuki. "Association between oxytocin receptor gene rs53576 polymorphism and behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS) sensitivity." Personality and Individual Differences 121 (January 2018): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.001.

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Balconi, Michela, and Guido Mazza. "Brain oscillations and BIS/BAS (behavioral inhibition/activation system) effects on processing masked emotional cues." International Journal of Psychophysiology 74, no. 2 (November 2009): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.08.006.

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Lee, Soo Jin, Soo Hyun Park, and Han Chae. "Biopsychological structure of Yin-Yang using Cloninger’s Temperament model and Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scale." PeerJ 4 (May 18, 2016): e2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2021.

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Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological structure of Yin-Yang based on the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in relation to Carver and White’s Behavior Inhibition/Behavior Activation System (BIS/BAS) Scale and Cloninger’s temperament model of the West.Methods. A total of 188 university students were classified as high (30%), middle (40%), and low (30%) groups based on their SPQ score and their differences in Cloninger’s temperaments and BIS/BAS subscales were analyzed using analysis of covariance after controlling the sex. Correlation among SPQ, Cloninger’s four temperaments and BIS/BAS subscales was also examined.Results. Significant differences in BAS (F= 11.703,p< .001), Novelty-Seeking (F= 4.945,p< .01), and Harm-Avoidance (F= 10.912,p< .001) were observed between high and low SPQ score groups after controlling for sex. The SPQ showed significant correlation with BAS (r= 0.303), Novelty-Seeking (r= 0.225), and Harm-Avoidance (r= − 0.273). However, BIS showed no significant differences between SPQ groups, and did not show correlation with the SPQ.Discussion. The current study demonstrated that Yin-Yang has similarities with and disparities from the Western tradition and may be examined with objective instruments. We showed that the emotionality of the East which is defined as mobility of emotion, not emotional instability as traditionally defined in Western theories, is pivotal for understanding the nature of emotion in the East. Suggestions are made for cross-cultural psychobiological study of the East and West.

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김혜미, MunSeon Chang, and SO YEUN KIM. "The Effects of Behavioral Activation System/ Behavioral Inhibition System (BAS/BIS) on Decision-making in Internet Game Addict." Korean Journal of Health Psychology 18, no. 1 (March 2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.1.005.

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Moltisanti, Allison J., Chelsea R. Ennis, Jesus Chavarria, Caitlin E. Smith, and Jeanette Taylor. "Multi-Trait Profiles and their Relation to Substance Use Problems and Cluster B Personality Disorder Features: A Replication Study." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 37, no. 4 (April 2018): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.4.252.

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Substance use disorders (SUDs) and Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) may have shared risk through profiles of personality and motivational traits. The present study sought to replicate in a national sample of adults past research which found multi-trait profiles that were associated with disinhibitory disorders in a college sample. Another aim was to test whether gender differences in the prevalence of disinhibitory disorders are attributable to underlying differences in personality-based risk. Cluster analysis was used to identify multi-trait profiles from impulsivity, constraint, negative emotionality, behavioral activation system (BAS), and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scale scores. Analyses yielded similar multi-trait profiles to those found in past research, including a “disinhibited” profile with high impulsivity, high BAS, and low constraint, as well as a “high affectivity/impulsive” profile with high negative emotionality, impulsivity, BAS, and BIS. These profiles were associated with elevated drug problems and Cluster B PD features. Results support the validity these trait profiles and their association with disinhibitory psychopathology. Gender was associated with some, but not all, disinhibitory disorders while controlling for cluster membership, suggesting that multi-trait personality clusters may represent a more proximal risk factor than gender for certain disinhibitory disorders.

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Entezari, Marzieh, Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi, and Mahtab Heidari. "The effect of personality characteristics combined with behavioral activation system (BAS) / behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and sport emotional induction on working memory." Biomedical Human Kinetics 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2022-0003.

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Abstract Study aim: To investigate the interactive effects of behavioral activation or behavioral inhibition and induced pleasant or unpleasant emotions on working memory performance among young adults. Material and methods: Eighty participants (age 18–32 years) were randomly classified into 2 groups behavioral activation or inhibition and then sub-divided further via whether they received inductions in either pleasant emotions or unpleasant emotions. A pre-test measure of the working memory test was recorded and repeated after emotional induction. Results: The ANOVA analysis indicated significant effect of PERSONALITY factor (F1,76 = 4.760, p = 0.0322, ηp 2 = 0.059) on results of the working memory test. The memory performance of the behavioral activation group that received positive emotion was better than the other groups, and the working memory performance of the behavioral inhibition group that received positive emotion was poorer than the other groups. Furthermore, the working memory performance of the behavioral activation group (positive emotion) was better than the other groups. Also, the working memory performance of the behavioral inhibition group (positive emotion) was poorer than the other groups. Conclusions: Finally, the findings support the different effects of the brain behavioral systems and sport emotional induction on working memory.

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Karimpour-Vazifehkhorani, Alireza, Abbas Bakhshipour Rudsari, Akram Rezvanizadeh, Leila Kehtary- Harzang, and Kamyar Hasanzadeh. "Behavioral Activation Therapy on Reward Seeking Behaviors in Depressed People: An Experimental study." Journal of Caring Sciences 9, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2020.030.

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Abstract:

Introduction: Behavioral activation therapy (BAT) is designed to help individuals’ approach and access sources of positive reinforcement in their life, which can serve a natural antidepressant function and efforts to help depressed people reengage in their life through focused activation strategies. Methods: In this study, 60 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received behavioral activation treatment, including eight treatment sessions and 5 weeks later, a follow-up study was conducted. The data were collected, using a Beck Depression Inventory-II and behavioral activation system (BIS)/ behavioral inhibition system (BAS) Carver and White questionnaires, before the intervention and after the intervention and five weeks after the intervention. SPSS 23 and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: Results showed a significant increase in the two components of the BAS including reward seeking and response to reward in the intervention group, which indicates an increase in positive affect and appetitive motivation for reward seeking and decreases the risk of depression. Also, the results showed a significant decrease in the BIS and depression in the intervention group, which indicates a decline in experiencing negative emotions. Conclusion: The implementation of BAT will cause depressed people to try to maximize future rewards and it’s effective in improving the reward seeking and reward response in depressed people because this treatment will increase the positive reinforcement and lead to learning cues that predict possible rewards in environments.

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