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Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioural control'
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Henriksen, Rie, Andrey Höglund, Jesper Fogelholm, et al. "Intra-Individual Behavioural Variability: A Trait under Genetic Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218069.
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When individuals are measured more than once in the same context they do not behave in exactly the same way each time. The degree of predictability differs between individuals, with some individuals showing low levels of variation around their behavioural mean while others show high levels of variation. This intra-individual variability in behaviour has received much less attention than between-individual variability in behaviour, and very little is known about the underlying mechanisms that affect this potentially large but understudied component of behavioural variation. In this study, we combine standardized behavioural tests in a chicken intercross to estimate intra-individual behavioural variability with a large-scale genomics analysis to identify genes affecting intra-individual behavioural variability in an avian population. We used a variety of different anxiety-related behavioural phenotypes for this purpose. Our study shows that intra-individual variability in behaviour has a direct genetic basis that is largely unique compared to the genetic architecture for the standard behavioural measures they are based on (at least in the detected quantitative trait locus). We identify six suggestive candidate genes that may underpin differences in intra-individual behavioural variability, with several of these candidates having previously been linked to behaviour and mental health. These findings demonstrate that intra-individual variability in behaviour appears to be a heritable trait in and of itself on which evolution can act.
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Ezrachi, Ariel. "Behavioural Remedies in EC Merger Control - Scope and Limitations." World Competition 29, Issue 3 (2006): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2006032.
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Behavioural remedies provide the competition agency with flexibility and reversibility which are not usually found in structural remedies. On the other hand, behavioural remedies tend to generate uncertainty and costs, casting doubt upon their usefulness and reflecting their alleged inferiority. The following article explores the scope and limitations of behavioural remedies and questions whether they are used adequately in light of their potential role in conditional clearances of merger transactions. The discussion first focuses on the characteristics, benefits and drawbacks associated with behavioural remedies. It then moves on to consider which incentives may affect the negotiation of remedies and how the risk of “under-fixing” influences the competition agency’s position when assessing proposed commitments. Following this theoretical debate, the discussion shifts to the European merger regime and reviews the way in which the European Commission and Courts have shaped the scope of behavioural remedies. The range of behavioural remedies accepted by the European Commissions and their effectiveness are also considered together with the mechanisms used to facilitate their monitoring and enforcement. The article concludes with a discussion of the likelihood of behavioural remedies being used more prevalently in the future and the factors that could influence such direction.
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ODEYALE, Adedamola Rashidat (RN BNSc. M.Sc. Nursing). "Perceived Behavioural Control and Subjective Norms for Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Adolescents in Ogun State." International Journal of Academic Research in Business, Arts & Science ( IJARBAS.COM ) 3, no. 6 (2021): 88–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5018503.
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The study examined perceived behavioural control and subjective norms for risky sexual behaviour among adolescents in Ogun State. This study specifically determined the subjective norms on risky sexual behaviour among adolescents; assessed the perceived behavioral control against risky sexual behaviour; examined the relationship between subjective norms and practice of risky sexual behaviour among adolescents; and determined the relationship between the perceived behavioural control of risky sexual behaviour and the practice. A descriptive cross sectional survey design was adopted in this study. The study was carried out among senior secondary school students in one Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample size of 384 was calculated using Cochran’s formula while the sample size was selected using multistage sampling procedure. The research instrument was self-designed by the researcher using information obtained from literatures on subjective norms on risky sexual behaviour, perceived behavioral control against risky sexual behaviour and practice of risky sexual behaviour. The face and content validity of the instrument was established by experts in the field of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health. Test re-test method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument with reliability coefficient of 0.813. This shows that the instrument was reliable and appropriate for the study. The findings of the study revealed that respondents’ subjective norms of risky sexual behaviour by adolescents was good while the knowledge of perceived behavioural control against risky sexual behaviour of the respondents was also adequate. It was recommended that adolescents should be educated on the consequences of unsafe sexual acts at their age. <strong>Keywords</strong>: Adolescents, Behavioural Control, Subjective Norms, Risky Sexual Behaviour,
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O'Dea, William A. "Budgetary control — a behavioural viewpoint." International Journal of Hospitality Management 4, no. 4 (1985): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4319(85)90056-8.
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Willner, Paul, Jack Bergman, and David Sanger. "Behavioural pharmacology of impulse control." Behavioural Pharmacology 20, no. 5-6 (2009): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.fbp.0000359407.60839.2d.
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Liden, William H., Mary L. Phillips, and Jens Herberholz. "Neural control of behavioural choice in juvenile crayfish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1699 (2010): 3493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1000.
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Natural selection leads to behavioural choices that increase the animal's fitness. The neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioural choice are still elusive and empirical evidence connecting neural circuit activation to adaptive behavioural output is sparse. We exposed foraging juvenile crayfish to approaching shadows of different velocities and found that slow-moving shadows predominantly activated a pair of giant interneurons, which mediate tail-flips that thrust the animals backwards and away from the approaching threat. Tail-flips also moved the animals farther away from an expected food source, and crayfish defaulted to freezing behaviour when faced with fast-approaching shadows. Under these conditions, tail-flipping, an ineffective and costly escape strategy was suppressed in favour of freezing, a more beneficial choice. The decision to freeze also dominated in the presence of a more desirable resource; however, the increased incentive was less effective in suppressing tail-flipping when paired with slow-moving visual stimuli that reliably evoked tail-flips in most animals. Together this suggests that crayfish make value-based decisions by weighing the costs and benefits of different behavioural options, and they select adaptive behavioural output based on the activation patterns of identifiable neural circuits.
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Van Helden, Jan, Pieter Kamminga, and Hans Velthuis. "Management control van partnerschappen in een dynamische context." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 84, no. 9 (2010): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.84.21889.
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Door het tijdsverloop van een tweetal partnerschappen van een productieonderneming op de voet te volgen, laten we zien of en hoe veranderingen in een partnerschap leiden tot aanpassingen in de management control en ook hoe de werking van bepaalde aspecten van de management control gevolgen kan hebben voor de kenmerken van een partnerschap. De beide casestudies tonen bepaalde verbanden tussen de kenmerken van een partnerschap en management control-aspecten. Wordt bijvoorbeeld het belang van een partner voor het partnerschap geringer, dan leidt dat tot veronachtzaming van controls. Het manifest worden van problemen in het functioneren van het partnerschap leidt echter tot een grotere control ‘tightness’. Verder worden social controls gebruikt naast behavioural en output controls, maar als deze behavioural en output controls bij voortduring ineffectief zijn, kunnen de social controls geen redding meer brengen.
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Van, Helden Jan, Pieter Kamminga, and Hans Velthuis. "Management control van partnerschappen in een dynamische context." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 84, no. (9) (2010): 429–37. https://doi.org/10.5117/mab.84.21889.
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Door het tijdsverloop van een tweetal partnerschappen van een productieonderneming op de voet te volgen, laten we zien of en hoe veranderingen in een partnerschap leiden tot aanpassingen in de management control en ook hoe de werking van bepaalde aspecten van de management control gevolgen kan hebben voor de kenmerken van een partnerschap. De beide casestudies tonen bepaalde verbanden tussen de kenmerken van een partnerschap en management control-aspecten. Wordt bijvoorbeeld het belang van een partner voor het partnerschap geringer, dan leidt dat tot veronachtzaming van controls. Het manifest worden van problemen in het functioneren van het partnerschap leidt echter tot een grotere control 'tightness'. Verder worden social controls gebruikt naast behavioural en output controls, maar als deze behavioural en output controls bij voortduring ineffectief zijn, kunnen de social controls geen redding meer brengen.
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Rajiah, Kingston, Mari Kannan Maharajan, David Chong, Shee Chiao Chien, and Eileen Ong Xiao Li. "Determination of pharmacy students’ patient safety approach using the theory of planned behaviour: a mixed-method study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (2021): e050512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050512.
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ObjectivesTo investigate pharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intentions and their behaviour towards patient safety using a theory of planned behaviour framework.DesignMixed-methods research.SettingPrivate university in Malaysia.ParticipantsPharmacy undergraduate students participated in the study. There were 18 students participated in the qualitative study and 272 students responded to the survey questionnaire.MethodsA convergent parallel-mixed method design, involving a quantitative survey and qualitative focus group discussions was used among pharmacy students in a private university in Malaysia. Qualitative data of transcribed verbatim texts were then subjected to a thematic content analysis framework. Multiple correlations were undertaken using the quantitative data to examine how the dependent variable (self-reported knowledge) related to the independent variables (attitudes, behavioural intentions, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control.Primary outcomePharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intentions constructs led to their behaviour towards patient safety.Secondary outcomeThe quantitative study revealed that there was a moderate positive correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and attitudes (r=0.48, p=0.03).ResultsPharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control constructs had positive correlations with pharmacy students’ self-reported knowledge on patient safety. There was no correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and subjective norms (r=0.27, p=0.23). There was a weak positive correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and perceived behavioural control (r=0.39, p=0.04). There was no correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and behavioural intention (r=0.20, p=0.56).ConclusionsTheory of planned behaviour constructs such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and behavioural intentions of pharmacy students, defined their behaviour towards patient safety. Pharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control constructs were correlated with their self-reported knowledge on patient safety.
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Lee, Kar Fye Alvin, Eun Hee Lee, Adam Charles Roberts, Josip Car, Chee Kiong Soh, and Georgios Christopoulos. "Effects of fun-seeking and external locus of control on smoking behaviour: a cross-sectional analysis on a cohort of working men in Singapore." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (2022): e061318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061318.
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ObjectivesWe examined the combined effects of behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation, on one hand, and locus of control, on the other hand, on different categories of smoking behaviour (non-smoking, ex-smoking, occasional smoking, daily smoking).DesignThis study adopted a cross-sectional design. Participants completed questionnaires regarding demographics, smoking patterns, behavioural inhibition/behavioural activation systems and locus of control.SettingThe study was conducted across four companies from the transportation, cooling plant and education sectors in Singapore.ParticipantsThree hundred sixty-nine male working adults were included in the final sample.ResultsCorroborating previous research, a logistic regression model examining behavioural inhibition/behavioural activation systems revealed that the fun-seeking aspect of behavioural activation was a unique predictor in distinguishing non-smokers from daily smokers (OR=1.24, p=0.012). By contrast, in a separate model examining locus of control, external locus of control was found to be a unique predictor in distinguishing non-smokers from daily smokers (OR=1.13, p<0.001). In addition, a third model combining both behavioural inhibition/behavioural activation systems and locus of control found that only external locus of control remained a significant predictor (OR=1.12, p<0.001). Further analyses revealed a mediating effect of external locus of control on the relationship between fun-seeking and smoking behaviour. That is, the increase in the odds of daily smoking due to fun-seeking was explained by external locus of control (direct pathway OR=1.20, p=0.058; indirect pathway OR=1.04, p<0.050).ConclusionsOverall, fun-seeking through its influence on external locus of control indirectly affects daily smoking behaviour, suggesting a more complex relationship than shown in previous research.
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Hangstrup, Camilla Weje, Sarah Vernersen Hentzen, Ditte Grønnegaard Lauridsen, et al. "Behavioural Differences in Captive Sumatran Tigers (Panthera tigrissumatrae)." GABJ 5, no. 3 (2021): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i3.144.
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Measuring behavioural differences for captive Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigrissumatrae) is a useful tool for the optimisation of captive environments and animal welfare. Behavioural differences can be measured by comparing several individuals and by comparing days with enrichment to days without enrichment. The behaviour of two individuals can vary for reasons such as age and sex, where age can play a part in the activity level of an individual as well as age-related diseases can impact behavior. Using statistical analyses on data collected by observing tigers (n=4) in Aalborg Zoo, Denmark, throughout 15 days, it was possible to visualize and calculate significant changes in behaviour when comparing enrichment and control days. The main focus of this study was the individual behavioural differences on enrichment and control days.All individuals showed increased activity on enrichment days. This study also aimed to investigate whether meloxicam had an effect on the behaviourof an aged male Sumatran tiger as a tool to assess if he had pain. No significant behavioural changes were observed in the behaviour of the tiger with or without meloxicam treatment. In conclusion, there were differences in the behaviour of individuals of different age andsex and how the individuals reacted to enrichment.
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Abilash, K., M. Keerthika, and S. Bharathi. "A Study on Prevalence of Behavioural Addictions among College Students." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, no. 4 (2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v6i4.350.
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Background: Behavioural addictions is associated with an uncontrollable urge, loss of control, preoccupation with use and despite consequences. Aim: To study the prevalence of behavioural addictions among college students. Methods& Materials: 300 students are served as participants within the age group of 17 to 19 years. Behavioural addiction questionnaire is administered on 300 college students. Results: The pattern of behavioural addiction screening among college students revealed that the presence of high percentage of addictive use for Cell phone (28.6%), Shopping (22.4%), Internet (20.4%) and television (20.6%). There is significant difference between the behavioural addictions and dimensions of behavioural addictions (Craving, loss of control, compulsion and impact on others). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between Eating Addiction and compulsion, Shopping addiction with dimensions of compulsion and impact on others, Sexual addiction with craving and loss of control, cell phone addiction and dimensions of craving, loss of control and impact on others, television addiction with craving, loss of control and impact on others, internet addiction with craving and impact on others.
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K.Abilash, M.Keerthika, and S.Bharathi. "A Study on Prevalence of Behavioural Addictions among College Students." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, no. 4 (2019): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2619899.
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Background: Behavioural addictions is associated with an uncontrollable urge, loss of control, preoccupation with use and despite consequences. Aim: To study the prevalence of behavioural addictions among college students. Methods & Materials: 300 students are served as participants within the age group of 17 to 19 years. Behavioural addiction questionnaire is administered on 300 college students. Results: The pattern of behavioural addiction screening among college students revealed that the presence of high percentage of addictive use for Cellphone (28.6%), Shopping (22.4%), Internet (20.4%) and television (20.6%). There is signi cant difference between the behavioural addictions and dimensions of behavioural addictions (Craving, loss of control, compulsion and impact on others). Conclusion: There is a signi cant relationshipbetween Eating Addiction and compulsion, Shopping addiction withdimensions of compulsion and impact on others, Sexual addiction with craving and loss of control, cell phone addiction and dimensions of craving, loss of control and impact on others, television addiction with craving, loss of control and impact on others, internet addiction with craving and impact on others.
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Warwick, Hilary M. C., David M. Clark, Andrew M. Cobb, and Paul M. Salkovskis. "A Controlled Trial of Cognitive–Behavioural Treatment of Hypochondriasis." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 2 (1996): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.2.189.
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BackgroundHypochondriasis is a distressing disorder for which there is no adequate established treatment. This study evaluates the effect of cognitive–behavioural treatment of hypochondriasis, compared with a waiting list control.MethodThirty-two patients were randomly assigned to either cognitive–behavioural therapy or a no treatment waiting list control. Cognitive–behavioural treatment consisted of 16 individual treatment sessions over a four-month period. The waiting list control lasted for four months and was followed by 16 sessions of cognitive–behavioural treatment. Assessments were made before allocation and after treatment or waiting list control. Patients who had cognitive–behavioural treatment were reassessed three months after completion of treatment.ResultsPaired comparisons on post-treatment/wait scores indicated that the cognitive–behavioural group showed significantly greater improvements than the waiting list on all but one patient rating, all therapist ratings and all assessor ratings. After three months the benefits of therapy were maintained.ConclusionsCognitive–behavioural treatment is an effective therapy for hypochondriasis. Implications of the study are discussed.
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Carré-Ménétriér, V., and J. Zaytoon. "Grafcet: Behavioural Issues and Control Synthesis." European Journal of Control 8, no. 4 (2002): 375–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejc.8.375-401.
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DANIELS, H., H. DEVLIEGER, P. CASAER, V. RAMAEKERS, J. VAN DEN BROECK, and E. EGGERMONT. "Feeding, Behavioural State and Cardiorespiratory Control." Acta Paediatrica 77, no. 3 (1988): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10662.x.
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Crawford, David, and Neville Owen. "The behavioural epidemiology of weight control." Australian Journal of Public Health 18, no. 2 (2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1994.tb00215.x.
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Voudouris, Christos, Paul Chernett, Chang J. Wang, and Vic L. Callaghan. "Hierarchical Behavioural Control for Autonomous Vehicles." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 11 (1995): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46981-3.
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Angın, Mehmet, Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali, and Hussin A. M. Yahia. "Determining Usage Intention for the Sustainability of Public Transport in Northern Cyprus Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (2024): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020804.
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Transportation plays an important role in serving economic, social, political, and population mobility. Public transport is gaining importance for providing sustainability, such as by reducing traffic congestion, noise levels, providing better air quality, and contributing to public health. Public transportation facilities are undeveloped in Northern Cyprus, and only buses and minibuses are available. Many people are ready to shift to public transportation if safe, reliable, and affordable transportation options are available. The theory of planned behaviour was used, and an online survey including 33 questions was conducted with the contributions of 385 participants. All variables of the theory of planned behaviour have a greater than 0.70 Cronbach’s alpha value; therefore, multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS V27 program was conducted to detect the impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on behavioural intention. Note that 32.2% of intention is indicated by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. The study concluded that subjective norms and perceived behavioural control have a positive influence on behavioural intention. Attitude is not a predictor of behavioural intention. Subjective norms are the strongest (β = 0.438, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioural control is the weakest (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) predictor of public transport usage intention.
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Lika, Efliani Enga, and Kristyana Dananti. "IMPLEMETASI TPB, RISK TOLERANCE DAN FINANCIAL LITERACY TERHADAP P2P LENDING DI SURAKARTA." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 2, no. 2 (2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jurimbik.v2i2.143.
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Investment Intention is influenced by various factors, such as psychological factors, the benefits obtained as well as the ease of operations carried out and knowledge of finances. The researcher feels the need to develop the previous research so that the researcher takes the theory of planned behavioural variable which includes attitude toward behavioural, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, risk tolerance and financial literacy using 96 respondents. Data processing was carried out using the SPSS statistical test. The results of this test show that attitudes toward behavioural and subjective norms have significant and positive effects on investment intention in peer to peer lending in Surakarta partially. Perceived behavioural control, risk tolerance and financial literacy partially have no significant effect on investment intention in peer to peer lending in Surakarta. But simultaneously has a significant effect. So it can be concluded that attitude to word behavioural, subjective norm, perceived control behaviour, risk tolerance and financial literacy still influence on investment interest so it needs to be a concern.
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Finkenauer, Catrin, Rutger C. M. E. Engels, and Roy F. Baumeister. "Parenting behaviour and adolescent behavioural and emotional problems: The role of self-control." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 1 (2005): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000333.
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Cross-sectional data from 1359 boys and girls aged 10–14 years investigated whether parenting behaviours are directly or indirectly (through building self-control) associated with emotional (depression, stress, low self-esteem) and behavioural (delinquency, aggression) problems among adolescents. Replicating existing findings, both types of problems were directly, negatively related to adaptive parenting behaviour (high parental acceptance, strict control and monitoring, and little use of manipulative psychological control). Extending existing findings, self-control partially mediated the link between parenting behaviour and adolescent emotional and behavioural problems. Contrary to earlier suggestions, there was no sign that high self-control was associated with drawbacks or increased risk of psychosocial problems.
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Campbell, Darren W., Warren O. Eaton, and Nancy A. McKeen. "Motor activity level and behavioural control in young children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 4 (2002): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000166.
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How do young children’s typical levels of physical movement relate to their ability to inhibit task-inappropriate behavioural responses? This question was investigated with a cross-sectional sample of 85 children, 4- to 6-years of age. Children’s typical levels of activity were assessed with actometers, mechanical measures of movement frequency. Multiple measures of contra-habitual task performance, reflecting children’s ability to inhibit the typical response associated with a task and to execute a less typical response, were aggregated. Procedurally similar control tasks, not dependent on the inhibition of behavioural responses, were also assessed. Contra-habitual task performance was positively and uniquely related to activity level, and an age by movement interaction showed that this relation was most reliable among the younger children in our sample. Young children’s motor activity is associated with enhanced, not diminished behavioural control.
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Mothibi, Nkosinathi Henry, Mmakgabo Justice Malebana, and Edward Malatse Rankhumise. "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Behaviour Among Vocational College and University Students in Gauteng, South Africa: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective." Sustainability 17, no. 9 (2025): 4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094175.
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Entrepreneurship has long been a key driver of economic development across various countries. Investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour is essential for making a meaningful contribution to sustainable development. This study investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour among university of technology and TVET college students in South Africa, utilising the modified theory of planned behaviour. Specifically, the study explored how risk-taking propensity, financial and non-financial support, media, and gender influence perceived behavioural control, entrepreneurial intention, and behaviour. Additionally, the study tested the direct effects of perceived behavioural control on both entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour, as well as the direct effect of entrepreneurial intention on entrepreneurial behaviour. An online, structured, self-administered questionnaire was utilised to gather data from 496 finalyear diploma students at a university of technology and a TVET college, using a convenience sampling technique. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyse the data and test the postulated hypotheses. The findings revealed that non-financial support positively affected entrepreneurial intention, perceived behavioural control, and entrepreneurial behaviour, while financial support did not. Risk-taking propensity significantly influenced perceived behavioural control, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial behaviour. The results revealed that the gender was negatively related to perceived behavioural control, and female students exhibited lower perceived behavioural control than their male counterparts. However, gender showed no significant association with entrepreneurial intention or entrepreneurial behaviour. Media had a positive influence on both entrepreneurial intention and perceived behavioural control but did not significantly affect entrepreneurial behaviour. Additionally, both entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour were positively influenced by perceived behavioural control, while entrepreneurial intention also was positively associated with entrepreneurial behaviour. These findings underscore the critical role of fostering a supportive entrepreneurial environment in shaping entrepreneurial behaviour. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and educators to cultivate an environment that supports students in developing as entrepreneurs. The results can inform policymakers in implementing support interventions aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial capacity among the youth. Promoting entrepreneurship is vital in achieving sustainable development goals through job creation and poverty alleviation.
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Menting, Barbara, Hans Koot, and Pol van Lier. "Peer acceptance and the development of emotional and behavioural problems." International Journal of Behavioral Development 39, no. 6 (2014): 530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414558853.
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Difficulties in peer acceptance during elementary school have been associated with emotional and behavioural problems. This study used a randomized controlled intervention design to test whether improvements in peer acceptance mediated reduced rates of emotional and behavioural problems in intervention compared to control-group children. A total of 615 elementary school children in the Netherlands were followed annually from kindergarten through second grade. Intervention children showed reductions in emotional and behavioural problems, and improved peer acceptance compared to controls. Improved peer acceptance mediated reductions in emotional and behavioural problem development. However, this mediation pathway held only for boys with low receptive vocabulary skills. These results indicate poor peer acceptance as a common underlying factor in emotional and behavioural problem development, particularly for children who are at risk for developing problems.
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Maack, Karl, Fredric Karlsson, Nanna Gillberg, Ewa Wikström, Miriam Pikkemaat, and Veronica Milos Nymberg. "Behavioural intentions towards use of digital video consultations in primary care: a survey study on physicians’, nurses’ and psychologists’ perceptions in Swedish primary care." BMJ Open 14, no. 11 (2024): e082724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082724.
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ObjectivesThe study aimed to describe the experiences of physicians, nurses and psychologists employed in primary care in using digital video consultations. The second objective was to study the association between the predictors of behaviour and behavioural intentions to use digital consultations and to relate underlying behavioural beliefs to experiences of digital consultations in primary care. Overall, the research questions focused on the association between previous training, profession or theory-based behavioural predictors and behavioural intentions to use digital video consultations.DesignA web survey based on the theory of planned behaviour was sent to primary care professionals in western Sweden who had implemented digital video consultations. The questionnaire contained both closed and open-ended questions focusing on theory-based predictors of behavioural intentions, such as as attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Data were analysed with a mixed-methods approach using quantitative and qualitative analyses.ParticipantsThe questionnaire was distributed between June and October 2022 to 140 primary healthcare centres in western Sweden, of which 47 agreed to participate. Overall, the questionnaire was sent out to 969 clinicians, representing physicians, nurses and psychologists.ResultsPhysicians and nurses had lower experience and less positive attitudes towards digital video consultations compared with psychologists. No statistically significant differences were seen among the groups in behavioural intentions to use digital video consultations. The regression analysis showed that attitude was the strongest predictor of behavioural intentions among primary care physicians, while attitude and perceived behavioural control were associated with behavioural intentions among nurses. No associations between predictors and intentions were found among psychologists.ConclusionsThe medical professionals reported high behavioural intentions to use digital video consultation despite different levels of experience. Attitude and perceived behavioural control were predictors of behavioural intentions among physicians and nurses, indicating that future implementation should consider the professions’ participation in the process.
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Susanti, Erik, and Jaka Nugraha. "ANALISIS KEPRIBADIAN DAN PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP NIAT BERWIRAUSAHA MELALUI PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL." JURNAL EKONOMI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN 9, no. 2 (2022): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jepk.v9n2.p189-206.
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Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) 2020 mengalami kenaikan 1,84% dari data tahun 2019. Diperlukan langkah untuk mengatasinya, yaitu peningkatan SDM dalam menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan atau bisa juga disebut dengan berwirausaha yang dapat dilakukan sejak SMK. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kepribadian dan pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap niat berwirausaha dengan perceived behavioural control sebagai variabel intervening. Populasi diambil dari siswa kelas XI dan XII jurusan OTKP SMKN 1 Lamongan. Sampel yang digunakan 104 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kuantitatif. Model analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Output penelitian ini menunjukkan kepribadian, pendidikan kewirausahaan dan perceived behavioural control memperkuat pengaruh terhadap niat berwirausaha, pendidikan kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap perceived behavioural control. Pendidikan kewirausahaan mampu mempengaruhi secara langsung niat berwirausaha maupun dimediasi oleh Perceived behavioural control. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan lebih signifikan jika melalui mediasi dibandingkan tanpa melalui mediasi, maka hal ini menunjukkan model analisis full mediation.
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Watson, Fraje, Rowena Mary Anne Packer, Clare Rusbridge, and Holger Andreas Volk. "Behavioural changes in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy." Veterinary Record 186, no. 3 (2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105222.
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BackgroundBreed-specific and broader cohort studies have shown behavioural changes in dogs following the onset of idiopathic epilepsy (IE).MethodsA cross-sectional, case–control questionnaire study was carried out to strengthen this body of evidence. Owners of eight breeds of dog completed an online questionnaire about their dogs’ behaviour; once for control dogs and twice for dogs with IE, for both pre-IE and post-IE onset behaviour.ResultsNinety-six (24.74 per cent) dogs with IE and 292 (75.26 per cent) age and breed-matched control dogs met the inclusion criteria. Control dogs had significantly higher ‘Trainability’ scores than dogs with IE (P=0.04). After IE, dogs had significantly higher ‘Dog-Directed Fear or Aggression’ (P=0.02), ‘Non-Social Fear’ (P=0.01), ‘Attachment/Attention-Seeking Behaviour’ (P=0.04), ‘Attention-Deficit’ (P=0.02) and significantly lower ‘Trainability’ (P=0.02) than prior to the onset of IE. Medication status did not significantly affect any behavioural factor, but drug-resistant dogs had significantly less ‘Trainability’ than drug-responsive (P=0.04) and partially drug-responsive dogs (P=0.03).ConclusionBehavioural differences related to cognitive function are seen between dogs with IE and controls. Behavioural changes related to anxiety, attention and cognition are seen in dogs following the onset of IE. The ability to clinically define and diagnose behavioural comorbidities in dogs is much needed from both a clinical and research perspective.
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Sullivan, N. J., L. M. Manning, and K. C. Park. "Behavioural responses of Cydia succedana to plant volatiles." New Zealand Plant Protection 66 (January 8, 2013): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5682.
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The gorse pod moth Cydia succedana was released in New Zealand from Europe in 1992 as a biological control for gorse (Ulex europaeus) In this study the behavioural responses of the moth to lures containing different blends of plant volatiles identified from their host plants and through singlesensillum recordings were tested in a field trial at Chaneys Forest Canterbury Volatiles were placed on cotton wicks with or without the female sex pheromone of C succedana on rubber septa in delta traps Two different blends elicited behavioural responses indicated by trap catches Cydia succedana catches with the fourcomponent Blend 6pheromone lure were lower than with the pheromone alone The 10component Blend 4 lure caught more C succedana than any other blend when tested without the pheromone These results indicate the behavioural significance of host and nonhost plant volatiles and the relationship between the behaviourally active compounds and the profile of olfactory receptor neurons in C succedana
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Chessman, Bruce C. "Behavioural thermoregulation by Australian freshwater turtles: interspecific differences and implications for responses to climate change." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 2 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20004.
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The abilities of freshwater turtles to control their body temperatures by behavioural means have implications for activity, food ingestion and digestion, growth, reproduction and potential responses to climate change. I compared various forms of basking in nature, and responses to aquatic and aerial photothermal gradients in the laboratory, among three species of Australian chelid turtles: Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii. Proclivity for behavioural thermoregulation varied substantially among these species, being highest in C. longicollis and lowest in C. expansa. However, C. expansa had a thermophilic response to feeding. For C. longicollis and E. macquarii, behavioural thermoregulation may enhance colonisation of more southerly latitudes or higher elevations as climatic warming proceeds. However, increasing air temperatures may pose a hazard to turtles dispersing or sheltering terrestrially (for example, when water bodies dry during drought). C. longicollis appears the best placed of the three species to avoid this hazard through its abilities to thermoregulate behaviourally and to aestivate in terrestrial microenvironments that are buffered against temperature extremes.
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Almher, Mustafa Ahmed Hadi, and Banan Badeel Abdal. "Effects of Perceived Behavioral Control and Attitude on Knowledge Sharing among Engineers in Oil and Gas Companies." IJIEM - Indonesian Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 2, no. 2 (2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/ijiem.v2i2.11800.
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To enhance the job performance of engineers in the oil and gas sector, their knowledge and skills should be constantly updated through knowledge sharing. Perceived behavioural control and attitude have been identified as factors that contribute to effective knowledge sharing among employees. However, very little is known about perceived behavioural control and attitude toward knowledge sharing in the Iraqi oil and gas sector. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between engineer’s perceived behavioural control and attitude on their intention towards knowledge sharing in public oil and gas firms in Iraq. To participate in the study, 240 engineers from oil and gas companies in Iraq were randomly selected. A questionnaire designed in a Likert scale format was used for the data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis and Correlation analysis. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive relation between engineer’s perceived behavioural control and attitude on their intention towards knowledge sharing in public oil and gas firms in Iraq. The study makes some recommendations on how to increase engineers’ perceived behavioural control and attitude and eventually increase their intention towards knowledge sharing.
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Firva Wulandari, Indah, Yulia Hendri Yeni, and Vera Pujani. "Pengaruh Subjective Norm dan Perceived Behavioral Control Terhadap Intention to Rent Busana Pengantin Tradisional Minang dengan Attitude Sebagai Variabel Mediasi." Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi 6, no. 3 (2025): 1489–513. https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v6i3.3952.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh subjective norm dan perceived behavioural control terhadap intention to rent busana pengantin tradisional Minang dengan attitude sebagai variabel mediasi. Teori yang digunakan adalah Theory of Planned Behaviour, yang mencakup tiga faktor utama: subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, dan attitude, yang memengaruhi niat perilaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada calon pengantin perempuan di Sumatera Barat dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 160 orang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner daring dan dianalisis menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjective norm dan perceived behavioural control berpengaruh signifikan terhadap attitude dan intention to rent. Selain itu, attitude juga terbukti memediasi hubungan antara subjective norm dan perceived behavioural control terhadap intention to rent. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi penyedia jasa busana pengantin tradisional untuk meningkatkan daya tarik produk melalui promosi yang menekankan pada norma sosial dan kemudahan akses bagi calon pelanggan.
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Santoso, Helen Desyani, R. Wahjoe Witjaksono, and Anik Hanifatul Aziza. "Evaluasi Penggunaan SAP Menggunakan Theory of Planned Behaviour di PT Industri Telekomunikasi (PT. INTI)." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem & Industri (JRSI) 5, no. 01 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jrsi.v5i01.326.
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PT. INTI is one of many telecommunication companies which has SAP application implementation. Now, PT. INTI is become one of the most successful companies to implement SAP application. Failed and succes to implement SAP application can be
 seen by technical side and non-technical side. For non-technical side, acceptance of the user to using SAP application, make user can accept and use the SAP application very well. So, this research wants to evaluate using acceptance SAP application at PT. INTI. This research model use theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The variables in this research are attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intention, and behaviour. This model explains about individual’s behaviour intention and behaviour to use SAP application. Individual’s behavioural intention for using SAP application affected by attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control variables. Then, individual’s behaviour for using SAP application affected by behavioural intention. Gathering data using quesionner. Then, the respondens are all of user in PT. INTI. After that, data manage used by partial least square (PLS) approach is use smartPLS 2.0 software. Hipotesis test use significant level of 0,05. Outputs of this research are perceived behavioural control, attitude, subjective norm have positive and significant affect behavioural intention by using SAP application. While, behavioural intention have positive and significant affect behaviour by using SAP application.
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Emmelkamp, Paul M. G., Ank Benner, Antoinette Kuipers, Guus A. Feiertag, Harrie C. Koster, and Franske J. van Apeldoorn. "Comparison of brief dynamic and cognitive–behavioural therapies in avoidant personality disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 1 (2006): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.012153.
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BackgroundThere is a paucity of controlled trials examining the effectiveness of individual psychotherapy in personality disorders, especially in patients with cluster C disorders.AimsTo compare the effectiveness of brief dynamic therapy and cognitive–behavioural therapy as out-patient treatment for people with avoidant personality disorder.MethodPatients who met the criteria for avoidant personality disorder (n=62) were randomly assigned to 20 weekly sessions of either brief dynamic therapy (n=23) or cognitive–behavioural therapy (n=21), or they were assigned to the waiting-list control group (n=18). After the waiting period, patients in the control group were randomly assigned to one of the two therapies.ResultsPatients who received cognitive–behavioural therapy showed significantly more improvements on a number of measures in comparison with those who had brief dynamic psychotherapy or were in the waiting-list control group. Results were maintained at follow-up.ConclusionsCognitive–behavioural therapy is more effective than waiting-list control and brief dynamic therapy. Brief dynamic therapy was no better than the waiting-list control condition.
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Murad, Muhammad, Areeba Ather Malik, Abou Bakar Mirza, and Muhammad Imdad Ullah. "Regulating Students Behavioral Emotions: The Mediating Role of Intention and Perceived Belief Control." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 5, no. 3 (2022): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v5i3.258.
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The objective of this study is to determine the role of perceived belief control and intention in the behavioural emotion regulation of Pakistani students. Indeed, the behaviour of every student is different from that of each other, and due to this behavioural change, every individual has a different value. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed to determine the relationship between innovative machine learning behaviour and behavioural emotion regulation. The study found that innovative machine learning is critical with the mediating role of perceived belief control and intention to influence students' behavioural emotions in higher educational institutes. In the same way, the study has significant theoretical implications as it contributes to knowledge in a unique framework. Meanwhile, the practical implications of the research are also important to consider for better control and regulation of human behaviour with the help of perceived belief control and intention. The directions for future studies are also presented in the last section of the study.
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Giulietti, F., and G. Mengali. "Dynamics and control of different aircraft formation structures." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1081 (2004): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000151565.
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Abstract The problem of aircraft formation dynamics and control is investigated from the viewpoint of formation architecture. Three different formation structures, leader-wingman, virtual leader and behavioural approaches are introduced. A comparative study is made using a unified approach through a suitable control law. The formation systems are analyzed on a quantitative basis and objective results are made available for the designer. The trade-off between system performance and complexity is indicated. A complete nonlinear simulation involving a flight-path change and a heading change manoeuvre is discussed. Results show the superiority of a behavioural approach to maintain close formations of vehicles.
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Henkel, Sven, Torsten Tomczak, Mark Heitmann, and Andreas Herrmann. "Managing brand consistent employee behaviour: relevance and managerial control of behavioural branding." Journal of Product & Brand Management 16, no. 5 (2007): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420710779609.
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DeGangi, Georgia A., Ruth Z. Sickel, Andrea S. Wiener, and Elizabeth Pirserchia Kaplan. "Fussy Babies: To Treat or Not to Treat?" British Journal of Occupational Therapy 59, no. 10 (1996): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269605901003.
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In this prospective study, the developmental outcomes of 39 infants with high irritability and sensory processing problems, also described as regulatory disordered, were examined at 7–30 months and at 3 years using clinical interdisciplinary assessment. Infants with regulatory disorders were defined as being behaviourally difficult with disturbances in sleep, feeding, state control, self-calming, mood regulation and sensory processing. The performance of samples of infants with regulatory disorders, 13 untreated and 26 treated, and 11 normal children were compared at 3 years. All subjects in the clinical sample were offered 12 weeks of Intervention after the initial assessment to address regulatory problems. Of the 39 subjects, 26 chose treatment, thus resulting in a self-selected treated sample. Post hoc analysis revealed that, at 7–30 months, untreated subjects had more sleep problems and were more irritable whereas treated subjects had more feeding problems and their mothers reported feeling depressed. At 3 years, the children with regulatory disorders differed from their normal counterparts in sensory integration, mood regulation, attention, motor control, sleep and behavioural control. Untreated subjects showed more emotional and behavioural problems than treated subjects. Treated subjects had more motor and sensory integrative problems than untreated subjects but, despite the fact that they had more constitutional problems, they did not show the emotional and behavioural problems that were found in the untreated group. The clinical importance of these findings for occupational therapists is discussed.
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Gautrais, Jacques, Christian Jost, Raphael Jeanson, and Guy Theraulaz. "How individual interactions control aggregation patterns in gregarious arthropods." Interaction Studies 5, no. 2 (2004): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.5.2.05gau.
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Aggregation is one of the most widespread phenomena in animal groups and often represents a collective dynamic response to environmental conditions. In social species the underlying mechanisms mostly obey self-organized principles. This phenomenon constitutes a powerful model to decouple purely social components from ecological factors. Here we used a model of cockroach aggregation to address the problems of sensitivity of collective patterns and control of aggregation dynamics. The individual behavioural rules (as a function of neighbour density) and the emergent collective patterns were previously quantified and modelled by Jeanson et al. (2003, 2004). We first present the diverse spatio-temporal patterns of a derived model in response to parameter changes, either involving social or non-social interactions. This sensitivity analysis is then extended to evaluate the evolution of these patterns in mixed societies of sub-populations with different behavioural parameters. Simple linear or highly non-linear collective responses emerge. We discuss their potential application to control animal populations by infiltration of biomimetic autonomous robots that mimic cockroach behaviour. We suggest that detailed behavioural models are a prerequisite to do so.
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Oliver, Chris, Kate Arron, Jenny Sloneem, and Scott Hall. "Behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: case–control study." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 6 (2008): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044370.
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BackgroundCornelia de Lange syndrome is associated with abnormalities on chromosomes 5, 10 and X.AimsTo delineate the behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome with specific reference to autistic-spectrum disorder.MethodA total of 54 individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (mean age 13.88 years; s.d.=8.58) and 46 comparable individuals with intellectual disability (mean age 13.74 years; s.d.=7.99) were assessed on measures of autistic-spectrum disorder, and adaptive, compulsive and disordered behaviour.ResultsThere was no difference between the groups in global behaviour disorder. Severe autism was significantly more prevalent in the syndrome group (32.1%) than the comparison group (7.1%). In addition, the syndrome group also evidenced significantly higher levels of compulsive behaviour.ConclusionsThese data suggest that autistic-spectrum disorder is part of the behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and that compulsive behaviours are evident. Future research should investigate this behavioural phenotype using contemporary diagnostic algorithms for autism with detailed examination of the phenomenology of compulsive behaviours.
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Corr, Philip J. "Clarifying Problems in Behavioural Control: Interface, Lateness and Consciousness." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 5 (2010): 423–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.781.
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The target paper highlights a number of unresolved issues that, I believe, continue to impede the construction of a viable model of behavioural control in personality psychology; namely, (a) the relationship between controlled and automatic processing (the ‘interface’ problem’) and (b) the time it takes for controlled processes, including consciousness, to be generated (the ‘lateness’ problem). The diversity of views expressed in the commentatories indicates that these are, indeed, real and unresolved problems. This response is structured around the following key questions. (1) How long–term goal planning interfaces with the automatic machinery of behaviour? (2) The extent of the impact of the ‘lateness’ of controlled (including conscious) processes for building models of behavioural control? (3) How best to characterise the personality traits associated with the FFFS, BIS and BAS? (4) How does the BIS control mismatch detection, the generation of error signals, and response inhibition and switching? (5) Is consciousness really a necessary explanatory construct in models of behavioural control? (6) Might neural ‘crosstalk’ of encapsulated action–goal response systems point to the functional significance of consciousness? (7) What are the implications of issues raised in the target paper for lexical and social–cognitive approaches to personality? I conclude by re–iterating the importance of the problems of ‘lateness’ and ‘interface’ for the construction of a viable model of behavioural control sufficient for the fostering of theoretical integration within personality psychology as well as affording the building of conceptual bridges with general psychology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Montague, P. Read, Steven E. Hyman, and Jonathan D. Cohen. "Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control." Nature 431, no. 7010 (2004): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03015.
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Willems, Jan C. "The Behavioural Approach to Systems and Control." European Journal of Control 2, no. 4 (1996): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0947-3580(96)70050-x.
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Tattam, Amanda. "David Hill: behavioural insights into cancer control." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (1999): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75396-4.
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Ryan, Bob. "Management planning and control—The behavioural foundations." British Accounting Review 20, no. 2 (1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8389(88)90049-2.
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Creedon, Sile A. "Infection control: behavioural issues for healthcare workers." Clinical Governance: An International Journal 11, no. 4 (2006): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777270610708850.
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Stephens, Dai. "Studying behavioural control in rodents and humans." Alcohol 60 (May 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.02.252.
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Wingfield, John C. "Control of behavioural strategies for capricious environments." Animal Behaviour 66, no. 5 (2003): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2298.
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Tazilah, Mohd Danial Afiq Khamar, Che Siti Lazrina Md Lazim, and Nur Diyana Ismail. "CYBERBULLYING BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 46 (2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.746003.
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Objective: Cyberbullying is a new type of bullying activity due to the advancement of digital technology as compared to traditional bullying. This study aims to examine the influence of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on cyberbullying behavioural intention on social media among adolescents and the mediating effect of empathy between these variables. The questionnaire survey was conducted mainly in West Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Penang, Ipoh and Johor Bahru) and a total of 219 respondents among adolescents were successfully collected. The data collected are being analysed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the use of the Partial Least Square approach (PLS). The results of the relationship between three independent variables on the mediating variable and cyberbullying behavioural intention as the dependent variable for this study. Attitude and perceived behavioural control have a significant relationship on cyberbullying behavioural intention (p < 0.05) and therefore H1 and H3 were accepted. In addition, attitude and perceived behavioural control (p < 0.05) have a significant relationship on empathy towards cyberbullying behavioural intention (p < 0.05), hence H4a and H4c were accepted. However, an insignificant result (p > 0.05) was identified for the subjective norm on cyberbullying behavioural intention and therefore, H2 is rejected. Furthermore, the results also show that subjective norm and empathy towards cyberbullying behavioural intention are insignificant (p > 0.05) and therefore H4b is rejected. Overall, all hypotheses are accepted except for H2 and H4b are rejected in this study. Furthermore, for future studies, it is recommended to include other components of empathy such as cognitive and affective, other personality traits of self-esteem and loneliness as the mediating effect that would give better insight towards cyberbullying behavioural intention in Malaysia during the pandemic situation.
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Alvarez, L., and J. Gutiérrez. "A first description of the physiological and behavioural responses to disbudding in goat kids." Animal Welfare 19, no. 1 (2010): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600001160.
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AbstractIn order to determine the stress response to disbudding, physiological and behavioural response was investigated in disbudded kids and compared with a control group. Disbudded kids (n = 14), were disbudded by thermal cauterisation, and control kids (n = 15) received the same management without being disbudded. Cortisol was measured at -20, -10 and 0 min (pre-treatment), 0, 10, 20 and 30 min as well as 1, 2, 3 and 4 h from disbudding. Frequency and intensity of the behavioural response (kicks, vocalisations) were also recorded during disbudding. Cortisol was higher in disbudded than in control kids during the first 2 h after disbudding. The cortisol area under the curve was 235% higher in disbudded compared to control animals (828 [± 67.4] and 350 [± 65] nmol L−1, respectively). Disbudded kids showed high intensity behaviours in a greater number of animals (100%) and with a greater frequency than controls. These results indicate the presence of acute stress and a potentially painful experience. In conclusion, disbudding in goat kids induces an acute cortisol increase, which lasts for a duration of 2-3 h and a significant behavioural response. This clearly suggests the necessity of using anaesthesia/analgesia to avoid pain and stress.
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Kahn, Julia B., Russell G. Port, Cuiyong Yue, Hajime Takano, and Douglas A. Coulter. "Circuit-based interventions in the dentate gyrus rescue epilepsy-associated cognitive dysfunction." Brain 142, no. 9 (2019): 2705–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz209.
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Abstract Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with significant structural pathology in the hippocampus. In the dentate gyrus, the summative effect of these pathologies is massive hyperexcitability in the granule cells, generating both increased seizure susceptibility and cognitive deficits. To date, therapeutic approaches have failed to improve the cognitive symptoms in fully developed, chronic epilepsy. As the dentate’s principal signalling population, the granule cells’ aggregate excitability has the potential to provide a mechanistically-independent downstream target. We examined whether normalizing epilepsy-associated granule cell hyperexcitability—without correcting the underlying structural circuit disruptions—would constitute an effective therapeutic approach for cognitive dysfunction. In the systemic pilocarpine mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, the epileptic dentate gyrus excessively recruits granule cells in behavioural contexts, not just during seizure events, and these mice fail to perform on a dentate-mediated spatial discrimination task. Acutely reducing dorsal granule cell hyperactivity in chronically epileptic mice via either of two distinct inhibitory chemogenetic receptors rescued behavioural performance such that they responded comparably to wild type mice. Furthermore, recreating granule cell hyperexcitability in control mice via excitatory chemogenetic receptors, without altering normal circuit anatomy, recapitulated spatial memory deficits observed in epileptic mice. However, making the granule cells overly quiescent in both epileptic and control mice again disrupted behavioural performance. These bidirectional manipulations reveal that there is a permissive excitability window for granule cells that is necessary to support successful behavioural performance. Chemogenetic effects were specific to the targeted dorsal hippocampus, as hippocampal-independent and ventral hippocampal-dependent behaviours remained unaffected. Fos expression demonstrated that chemogenetics can modulate granule cell recruitment via behaviourally relevant inputs. Rather than driving cell activity deterministically or spontaneously, chemogenetic intervention merely modulates the behaviourally permissive activity window in which the circuit operates. We conclude that restoring appropriate principal cell tuning via circuit-based therapies, irrespective of the mechanisms generating the disease-related hyperactivity, is a promising translational approach.