To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Behavioural scoring.
Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioural scoring'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Behavioural scoring.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hu, Wenbin, and Junzi Zhou. "Joint modeling: an application in behavioural scoring." Journal of the Operational Research Society 70, no. 7 (2018): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1487821.
Full text
2
Kennedy, K., B. Mac Namee, S. J. Delany, M. O’Sullivan, and N. Watson. "A window of opportunity: Assessing behavioural scoring." Expert Systems with Applications 40, no. 4 (2013): 1372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.08.052.
Full text
3
Walshe, David, Mary O'Kelly, Louis Ramsay, et al. "The relationship between behaviour disturbance and psychiatric diagnosis in male mentally handicapped adults resident in a long-stay unit." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, no. 1 (1993): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700013239.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjective: To investigate the relationship between behavioural disturbance and psychiatric diagnosis in male mentally handicapped adults resident in a long stay unit. Method: The case notes of all 144 residents of St. Raphaels were reviewed. Diagnoses were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and grouped into one of four categories Infantile Autism, Functional Psychoses, Personality/Behavioural Disorder and Emotional Disorders. Carers (Senior Nursing Staff) were interviewed using the Adaptive Behaviour Scale Part 2 (ABS Part 2) as a measure of behavioural disturbance in the preceding year for the 144 residents. Results: 56% of residents had significant psychiatric disorder. Those with a psychiatric diagnosis showed increased behavioural disturbance across a wide range of measures (p<0.001) with Hyperactivity, Self Abuse and Violence showing greatest discriminative power. However there was not a relationship between diagnostic category and pattern of scoring on the ABS Part 2. There was a significant relationship between Degree of Mental Handicap and Psychiatric Diagnostic Category (p<0.001). Neither psychiatric morbidity nor behavioural disturbance was associated with epilepsy, age or duration of stay. Conclusions: Mentally handicapped adults in residential care show high rates of psychiatric disturbance. Those with psychiatric diagnoses exhibit a wide range of disturbed behaviours but similar patterns of maladaptive behaviour occur across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders. These findings refer to a male residential population and cannot be generalised to all mentally handicapped.
4
Marziali, Elsa, Heather Munroe-Blum, and Paul Links. "Severity as a Diagnostic Dimension of Borderline Personality Disorder." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 9 (1994): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900905.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to identify diagnostic and severity subgroups within a cohort of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Of 171 patients clinically diagnosed with BPD, 132 were Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) positive. Through a process of random selection, 41 of the DIB positive subjects were also interviewed with the revised version of the DIB (DIBR) and approximately one half with two semi-structured research interviews, the Schedule for Affective Disorders (SADS) and the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE). All subjects completed four self-report measures of problematic behaviours, symptoms and social adaptation. The analyses included examination of: 1. the correspondence of the BPD diagnosis across the DIB, the DIBR and the PDE; 2. the association between DIBR scoring levels and scores on measures of symptoms and behavioural status; and 3. the co-occurrence of BPD with Axis I and other Axis II disorders. Correlations and analyses of variance between both the DIB and DIBR scoring levels and the scores on the four symptom and behavioural measures showed that the scoring levels (DIB 7 to 10; DIBR 8 to 10) could be used to distinguish three subgroups of BPD. The three groups differed in terms of concordance for BPD with the PDE and in terms of patterns of overlap with DSM-III-R, Axis I and other Axis II disorders. This study shows that BPD subgroups can be located on a continuum of symptomatic and behavioural severity and that each subgroup has a specific pattern of overlap with Axis I and other Axis II disorders.
5
Ngesan, Mohd Riduan, and Syed Sobri Syed Zubir. "Assessing Nighttime Place Identity using Measurable Indicator Scoring Technique." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.119.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a comparative study of place identity of nighttime urban public parks between Shah Alam that was built in 1957 and Putrajaya in 1999. This study used four research domains that form place identity adapted from Relph, 1976 and Cheshmehzangi, 2012. The method of this study involves the behavior mapping survey and the questionnaire survey. The data were then analysed using Measurable Indicator Scoring Technique (Karim, 2008) to ensure constant comparative process by creating analytic codes. It is hope that the findings from this study would help to improve the place identity and functions of future nighttime urban public parks.Keywords: Nighttime place identity; urban public park; Measurable Indicator Scoring TechniqueeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
6
RAD, Dana, and Valentina E. BALAS. "A Novel Fuzzy Scoring Approach of Behavioural Interviews in Personnel Selection." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 11, no. 2 (2020): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.2/81.
Full text
7
Sarlija, Natasa, Mirta Bensic, and Marijana Zekic-Susac. "Comparison procedure of predicting the time to default in behavioural scoring." Expert Systems with Applications 36, no. 5 (2009): 8778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.11.042.
Full text
8
Westerholt, Rene, Heinrich Lorei, and Bernhard Höfle. "Behavioural Effects of Spatially Structured Scoring Systems in Location-Based Serious Games—A Case Study in the Context of OpenStreetMap." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020129.
Full textAbstract:
Location-based games have become popular in recent years, with Pokémon Go and Ingress being two very prominent examples. Some location-based games, known as Serious Games, go beyond entertainment and serve additional purposes such as data collection. Such games are also found in the OpenStreetMap context and playfully enrich the project’s geodatabase. Examples include Kort and StreetComplete. This article examines the role of spatially structured scoring systems as a motivational element. It is analysed how spatial structure in scoring systems is correlated with changes observed in the game behaviour. For this purpose, our study included two groups of subjects who played a modified game based on StreetComplete in a real urban environment. One group played the game with a spatially structured scoring system and the other with a spatially random scoring system. We evaluated different indicators and analysed the players’ GPS trajectories. In addition, the players filled out questionnaires to investigate whether they had become aware of the scoring system they were playing. The results obtained show that players who are confronted with a spatially structured scoring system are more likely to be in areas with high scores, have a longer playing time, walk longer distances and are more willing to take detours. Furthermore, discrepancies between the perception of a possible system in the scoring system and corresponding actions were revealed. The results are informative for game design, but also for a better understanding of how players interact with their geographical context during location-based games.
9
Craven, Rachel, and Lyn Shelton. "Emotional problems and intellectual disability: comparing groups with and without forensic involvement." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 11, no. 4 (2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-05-2020-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are known to experience increased emotional and behavioural concerns. The study aims to assess whether detained ID patients with a forensic history (IDPF) have increased difficulty managing their impulse control in comparison to detained ID patients without a forensic history (IDP). Using the externalising behaviour problems (EBP) subscale of the EPS, the study aims to compare the differences between the IDFP and IDP groups. Design/methodology/approach A total of 60 patients with ID detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 (Revised 2007) were assessed using the behaviour rating scale of the EPS. The outcome scores of the EBP were used to examine any observed differences between the scores of forensically involved patients [n = 34] and those without a forensic history [n = 26]. It was hypothesised that patients with a forensic history would display higher scoring on externalised behavioural problems (EBP) than patients without such a history. Findings Non-parametric testing revealed that there were no significant differences in EBP scoring between the two sample groups. These findings indicate that, for patients in the present study, no differences were detected in the presentation of these two distinct groups. In fact, with the exception of the verbal aggression subscale of the EBP, the other three subscales (physical aggression, non-compliance and hyperactivity) show that actually the IDP group displayed the higher ranked means in these subscales when compared with the forensically involved group. Originality/value These results indicate possible increased treatment needs within the IDP group and question whether offending history is necessarily a reliable predictor of ongoing hostility and behavioural concerns within similar inpatient services.
10
Diaz-Lundahl, Sofia, Selina Hellestveit, Solveig Marie Stubsjøen, Clare J. Phythian, Randi Oppermann Moe, and Karianne Muri. "Intra- and Inter-Observer Reliability of Qualitative Behaviour Assessments of Housed Sheep in Norway." Animals 9, no. 8 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080569.
Full textAbstract:
This study tested the reliability of a Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) protocol developed for the Norwegian Sheep House (FåreBygg) project. The aim was to verify whether QBA scores were consistent between different observers, i.e., inter-observer reliability, and between scorings of the same observers on different time points, i.e., intra-observer reliability. Six trained observers, including two veterinary students, two animal welfare inspectors and two sheep farmers observed sheep in 16 videos, and independently scored 14 pre-defined behavioural descriptors on visual analogue scales (VAS). The procedure was repeated one week after the first scoring session. QBA scores were analysed using Principal Component Analysis. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). Principal component 1 (PC 1) and 2 (PC 2) combined explained >60% of the total variation in the QBA scores in both scoring sessions. PC 1 (44.5% in sessions 1 and 2) ranged from the positive descriptors calm, content, relaxed and friendly to the negative descriptors uneasy, vigilant and fearful, and was therefore labelled mood. PC 2 (18% in session 1, 16.6% in session 2) ranged from bright to dejected and apathetic, and was therefore labelled arousal. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of PC 1 for all observers was high in the two scoring sessions (W = 0.87 and 0.85, respectively), indicating good inter-observer reliability. For PC 2, the agreement for all observers was moderate in both video sessions (W = 0.45 and 0.65). The intra-observer agreement was very high for all observers for PC 1 (W > 0.9) except for one, where the agreement was considered to be high (W = 0.89). For PC 2, Kendall’s coefficient was very high for the veterinary students and interpreted as moderate for the two farmers and welfare inspectors. This study indicates that the QBA approach and the terms included in the Fårebygg protocol were reliable for assessing video recordings of sheep behaviour when applied by trained observers, regardless of whether they were a veterinary student, animal welfare inspector or sheep farmer. Further work is needed to examine the reliability of the QBA protocol when tested on-farms for sheep managed under Norwegian housing systems.
11
Thomas, L. C. "Time will tell: behavioural scoring and the dynamics of consumer credit assessment." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 12, no. 1 (2001): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/12.1.89.
Full text
12
Franzini de Souza, Carla Caroline, Daniel Penteado Martins Dias, Raquel Nascimento de Souza, and Magda Alves de Medeiros. "Use of behavioural and physiological responses for scoring sound sensitivity in dogs." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (2018): e0200618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200618.
Full text
13
Hirsch, Elin Netti, Maria Andersson, Jenny Loberg, and Lena Maria Lidfors. "Development of existing scoring systems to assess behavioural coping in shelter cats." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 234 (January 2021): 105208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105208.
Full text
14
Ham, Jackson R., Malin K. Lilley, and Heather M. Manitzas Hill. "Conspecific scarring on wild belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cunningham Inlet." Behaviour 158, no. 8-9 (2021): 663–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10086.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Intra-specific aggression is not frequently observed in wild cetaceans, including belugas. One proxy, identified in past research, that indicates past aggressive behaviour is the presence of rake marks (scars left on skin by the teeth of conspecifics). Behavioural observations of belugas, compared to bottlenose dolphins, suggest that belugas engage in less physically aggressive behaviour; yet, a detailed study of beluga aggressive behaviour remains to be conducted. Beluga intra-specific aggression was assessed by scoring photographs taken from July to August in 2015 at Cunningham Inlet, Canada for the presence/absence and body location of rake marks. Of the 252 belugas analysed, 44% had rake marks. The results suggest that physical aggression occurs comparatively less with only half of the observed beluga population having rake marks compared to almost all bottlenose dolphins previously surveyed. We suggest social structure, skin pigmentation, and/or species-specific behaviours as explanations for the differences in rake marks among species.
15
Berrocoso, Esther, Kazutaka Ikeda, Ichiro Sora, George R. Uhl, Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez, and Juan Antonio Mico. "Active behaviours produced by antidepressants and opioids in the mouse tail suspension test." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 1 (2013): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145711001842.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Most classical preclinical tests to predict antidepressant activity were initially developed to detect compounds that influenced noradrenergic and/or serotonergic activity, in accordance with the monoaminergic hypothesis of depression. However, central opioid systems are also known to influence the pathophysiology of depression. While the tail suspension test (TST) is very sensitive to several types of antidepressant, the traditional form of scoring the TST does not distinguish between different modes of action. The present study was designed to compare the behavioural effects of classical noradrenergic and/or serotonergic antidepressants in the TST with those of opioids. We developed a sampling technique to differentiate between behaviours in the TST, namely, curling, swinging and immobility. Antidepressants that inhibit noradrenaline and/or serotonin re-uptake (imipramine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, desipramine and citalopram) decreased the immobility of mice, increasing their swinging but with no effect on their curling behaviour. No differences were observed between antidepressants that act on noradrenergic or serotoninergic transmission. While opioid compounds also decreased the immobility of the mice [morphine, codeine, levorphanol, (−)-methadone, (±)-tramadol and (+)-tramadol], they selectively increased curling behaviour. Blocking opioid receptors with naloxone prevented the antidepressant-like effect of codeine, and µ-opioid receptor knockout decreased normal curling behaviour and blocked (±)-tramadol-induced curling, further demonstrating the reliability and validity of this approach. These results show that at least two behaviourally distinct processes occur in the TST, highlighting the antidepressant-like effects of opioids evident in this test. Furthermore, our data suggest that swinging and curling behaviours are mediated by enhanced monoamine and opioid neurotransmission, respectively.
16
Bjørkly, Stål. "Report Form for Aggressive Episodes: Preliminary Report." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3_suppl (1996): 1139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1139.
Full textAbstract:
This paper gives a description of the development and initial empirical testing of the Report Form for Aggressive Episodes, a behavioural rating scale used to measure displayed aggressive behaviour and the situational determinant(s) according to a list of 30 potential precipitants to aggression. Findings from a one-year study in a special secure unit for the long-term treatment of dangerous patients show very high rates of underreporting of aggressive episodes in ward journals and patient files compared to this scale. Illustrations of the clinical use of the scale are provided by scoring examples and two case vignettes.
17
Darvesh, S., L. Leach, S. E. Black, E. Kaplan, and M. Freedman. "The Behavioural Neurology Assessment." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 32, no. 2 (2005): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100003930.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT:Background:We present information regarding the standardization, reliability and clinical validity of two versions of the Behavioural Neurology Assessment (BNA). The BNA-Long Form consists of 24 subtests within separate domains: Attention, Memory, Language, Visuospatial Function, Executive Function, and Praxis. The BNA-Short Form consists of 13 subtests within the domains of Attention, Memory, Naming, Visuospatial Function and Executive Function. In addition to individual domain indices, a Grand Total score was calculated for both BNA versions.Objective:To standardize the administration and scoring and validate the BNA for detection of dementia.Methods:Standardized normative data were obtained on 115 healthy subjects ranging in age from 50 to 95. Test-retest stability was obtained on 19 subjects and clinical validity was investigated by administering the BNA and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) to 29 patients with dementia and 29 age-matched healthy subjects (controls).Results:Age had a significant effect on all but the Visuospatial and Praxis indices of the BNA-Long Form and an effect on Naming and Grand Total score of the Short-Form. Internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient a) was .87 and .67 for the Long and Short Forms (.95 and .96 for dementia and control groups combined). Test-retest stability was acceptable. Grand Total indices of both BNA versions showed significant, positive correlations with the MMSE. Both BNA versions had superior sensitivity to dementia relative to the MMSE (.93 versus .79). Specificity was equivalent to the MMSE (.93 versus .97).Conclusions:Positive predictive values of the BNA and MMSE are equivalent but the BNA provides superior negative predictive value.
18
Hohnen, Pernille, Michael Alexander Ulfstjerne, and Mathias Sosnowski Krabbe. "Assessing Creditworthiness in the Age of Big Data." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 5, no. 1 (2021): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.8315.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is twofold: first, we show how algorithms have become increasingly central to financial credit scoring; second, we draw on this to further develop the anthropological study of algorithmic governance. As such, we describe the literature on credit scoring and then discuss ethnographic examples from two regulatory and commercial contexts: the US and Denmark. From these empirical cases, we carve out main developments of algorithmic governance in credit scoring and elucidate social and cultural logics behind algorithmic governance tools. Our analytical framework builds on critical algorithm studies and anthropological studies where money and payment infrastructures are viewed as embedded in their specific cultural contexts (Bloch and Parry 1989; Maurer 2015). The comparative analysis shows how algorithmic credit scoring takes different forms hence raising different issues in the two cases. Danish banks seem to have developed a system of intensive, yet hidden credit scoring based on surveillance and harvesting of behavioural data, which, however, due to GDPR takes place in restricted silos. Credit scores are hidden to customers, and therefore there has been virtually no public debate regarding the algorithmic models behind scores. In the US, fewer legal restrictions on data trading combined with both widespread and visible credit scoring has led to the development of a credit data market and widespread use of credit scoring by ‘affiliation’ on the one hand, but also to increasing public and political critique on scoring models on the other.
19
Montgomery, J. B., S. L. Steinke, A. C. Williams, and L. J. Belgrave. "Initial testing of a computer-integrated weight compensation system for rehabilitation of horses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 5 (2019): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180060.
Full textAbstract:
Management of severely injured or neurologic horses is challenging, with ambulatory support limited to static lifts and rescue slings. The aim of this study was initial testing and adjustment of a novel computer-integrated dynamic lift system, including measuring effects of increasing weight compensation (i.e. load reduction) and time attached to the lift. This automated system was developed to improve outcomes and reduce complications in horses with ambulatory difficulties, allowing for controlled mobility and varying load carried by the horse with independent front and hind limb support. Two healthy Thoroughbred horses were studied using the Anderson rescue sling. The lift was programmed to respond to weight and movement of horses. Weight compensation (% bodyweight) was incrementally increased, for front and hind limbs, to maximum percent tolerated, based on heart/respiratory rates and behavioural scoring. The time attached to the lift was then incrementally increased at maximum tolerated weight compensation previously determined. Measures included heart/respiratory rates, behavioural scoring, muscle enzyme activity and blood flow to distal limbs. Results were analysed descriptively. Avoidance behaviour was observed at front and hind end weight compensation of 18 and 4%, respectively. Average maximum time attached to the lift was 2.25 hours. After 60 minutes, respiratory rate increased >20 breaths (b)/minute, reaching 60 b/minute in one horse and 36 b/minute in the other, with shallow breathing. Other measures remained normal. In conclusion, lift programming was successful for weight compensation and mobility during lift support. Complications included avoidance behaviour and respiratory distress at >20% weight compensation, likely caused by the Anderson rescue sling. To address these limitations, a new rehabilitation harness better suited for long-term use is under development.
20
Thomas, Lyn C. "A survey of credit and behavioural scoring: forecasting financial risk of lending to consumers." International Journal of Forecasting 16, no. 2 (2000): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2070(00)00034-0.
Full text
21
Li, Bing, Binqing Xiao, and Yang Yang. "Strengthen credit scoring system of small and micro businesses with soft information: Analysis and comparison based on neural network models." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 3 (2021): 4257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200866.
Full textAbstract:
This study identifies credit risk sources, credit scoring index classification modes and modelling methods, and constructs a credit scoring system for small and micro businesses (SMBs) with soft information. Through the analysis and comparison of neural network models, this study demonstrates the superiority of the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) models for loan classification prediction. There are three contributions and innovations as follows. (1) Based on the actual demands and default characteristics of SMBs, this study adds the behavioural variables of loan managers to strengthen the role of soft information in credit scoring model. (2) It develops a hybrid analysis and comparison framework based on the BPNN model. It identifies that the BPNN model is more suitable for approving SMB loans, as it can precisely identify the second type of error. (3) Using the precious ledger data of SMB loans from a rural commercial bank in Jiangsu province, China, this study compares the prediction accuracy of the credit scoring model based on BPNN using two-level and five-level loan classifications. Further, it illustrates the applicability of the BPNN model. By connecting the practical operations of credit scoring and quantitative models, this paper supports commercial bank examination and approval work of SMB loans.
22
Fenner, Kate, Sarah Matlock, Jane Williams, et al. "Validation of the Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ): A New Survey Instrument for Exploring and Monitoring the Domestic Equine Triad." Animals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111982.
Full textAbstract:
The Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) was developed to obtain quantitative data on the domestic equine triad: training, management and behaviour. It can be taken repeatedly, thus collecting longitudinal data to enable evaluation of how changes in a horse’s training and management are reflected in that horse’s behaviour over time and how these changes can impact horse welfare in the longer term. Questionnaire validation and reliability were tested by determining (a) whether an owner’s subjective ratings of their horse’s problematic behaviours or undesirable temperament traits were reflected in the questionnaire scores obtained for that horse (construct validity), (b) whether two respondents, equally familiar with a particular horse, reported comparable scores for that horse through the questionnaire (inter-rater reliability), and (c) whether the same respondent, scoring the same horse after a known interval of time, recorded similar responses (intra-rater reliability). Construct validity testing of 1923 responses showed significant alignment between owners’ reported experience of focal horses’ behaviour and those horses’ E-BARQ scores, with scores varying from 1.13 to 1.34 for ridden horse behaviour (all p < 0.001) and from 1.06 to 1.43 for non-ridden horse behaviour (all p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability testing of ten horse–rider pairs revealed that 203 of the 215 question items were significantly aligned (p < 0.001) when tested by two independent raters. Of the remaining 19 items, four had fair alignment (ĸ = 0.174–0.316; p = 0.281) and ten items, largely related to whether the horse shows behavioural signs related to anxiety when taken away from home, did not align (ĸ = 0; p = 1). Intra-rater reliability tests showed that the responses significantly aligned on all 215 question items tested (p < 0.001). The results of these tests confirmed the construct validity and reliability of E-BARQ as a standardised behavioural assessment tool for horses.
23
IFei and Chen. "A Two- Stage Cardholder Behavioural Scoring Model Using Artificial Neural Networks and Data Envelopment Analysis." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 3, no. 2 (2011): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol3.issue2.11.
Full text
24
Cipriano, Christina, Tia N. Barnes, Michelle C. Bertoli, and Susan E. Rivers. "Applying the classroom assessment scoring system in classrooms serving students with emotional and behavioural disorders." Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 23, no. 4 (2018): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2018.1461454.
Full text
25
Maillard, Amelie, Elodie Garnier, Elie Saliba, and Geraldine Favrais. "Prematurity alters skin conductance and behavioural scoring after acute stress in term‐equivalent age infants." Acta Paediatrica 108, no. 9 (2019): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.14777.
Full text
26
Alciatore, Giacomo, Line V. Ugelvig, Erik Frank, et al. "Immune challenges increase network centrality in a queenless ant." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1958 (2021): 20211456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1456.
Full textAbstract:
Social animals display a wide range of behavioural defences against infectious diseases, some of which increase social contacts with infectious individuals (e.g. mutual grooming), while others decrease them (e.g. social exclusion). These defences often rely on the detection of infectious individuals, but this can be achieved in several ways that are difficult to differentiate. Here, we combine non-pathogenic immune challenges with automated tracking in colonies of the clonal raider ant to ask whether ants can detect the immune status of their social partners and to quantify their behavioural responses to this perceived infection risk. We first show that a key behavioural response elicited by live pathogens (allogrooming) can be qualitatively recapitulated by immune challenges alone. Automated scoring of interactions between all colony members reveals that this behavioural response increases the network centrality of immune-challenged individuals through a general increase in physical contacts. These results show that ants can detect the immune status of their nest-mates and respond with a general ‘caring’ strategy, rather than avoidance, towards social partners that are perceived to be infectious. Finally, we find no evidence that changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles drive these behavioural effects.
27
Bernau, Maren, Sebastian Schwanitz, Lena Sophie Kreuzer, and Armin Manfred Scholz. "Detection of Local Tissue Reactions after Anti-GnRF Injection in Male Pigs Assessed Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Animals 11, no. 4 (2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040968.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed at evaluating the local tissue reaction of an anti-GnRF product, which is used for the so called “immunocastration” in male pigs. A total of 34 pigs were injected two times (including a booster injection) with an anti-GnRF product. Injection was performed using the prescribed safety vaccinator. Injection sites were evaluated three times post injection using magnetic resonance imaging. Two examinations were performed after the first injection and one after the booster. The local tissue reaction was evaluated three-dimensionally by semi-automatic analyses, by linear measurements of injection depth and length, and by scoring the kind of tissue affected. Results showed a long-lasting reaction in affected muscle tissue. Therefore, needle length should be discussed, and an evaluation of the injection site after slaughter should be performed include behavioural scorings post injection to evaluate the impact on animal well-being and carcass quality.
28
Clarke, Taya, John R. Pluske, Teresa Collins, David W. Miller, and Patricia A. Fleming. "A quantitative and qualitative approach to the assessment of behaviour of sows upon mixing into group pens with or without a partition." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15132.
Full textAbstract:
The behaviour of intensively managed sows is influenced by the design of their housing, with the physical structure of the pen affecting how sows spend their time. The first hour after unfamiliar sows are mixed into group housing is considered important in terms of their welfare due to high levels of aggression as they develop a hierarchy and investigate their new surroundings and pen-mates. This study compared the behaviour of sows on a commercial piggery at the point of mixing into 20 group pens (n = 15–18 sows each group), where half the group pens had a concrete partition (a short wall, 2 m long and 1.6 m high) running through the middle of the pen, and half did not have the partition. We predicted that the partition would improve the expression of behaviours during the first hour after mixing. Sows were filmed for 70 min post-mixing and the footage was analysed using quantitative behavioural profile for eight behavioural categories (i.e. time budgets). We found no significant differences in the incidence of aggression, but found less investigative behaviour for sows in pens with the partition; these sows also lay down sooner compared with sows in no-partition pens, and stopped eating/searching for food sooner. The difference between pen designs was most evident at 50–60 min post-mixing, and therefore we compared the behavioural expression of the sows using qualitative behavioural assessment for this time point. There was significant inter-observer reliability among the 17 observers, with 60.02% (P < 0.001) of the variation in their scoring using the Free Choice Profiling methodology explained by the consensus profile. Sows in partition pens were scored as more ‘calm/relaxed’ compared with sows in no-partition pens, which were scored as more ‘aggressive/tense’. There were also significant correlations between the time budgets and behavioural expression scores, with groups of animals described as more ‘aggressive/tense’ also showing more walking, aggression, and avoidance, but less lying. The sows described as more ‘sleepy/bored’ showed more lying and sitting. This study shows that even a subtle difference in housing design (in this case, retention of a concrete partition) can make a significant positive difference to the demeanour and activity patterns of sows. Identifying housing designs that have positive welfare outcomes can inform pen design and construction, and is particularly relevant where housing is being converted (e.g. from single pens to group housing) and decisions must be made around whether or not to keep existing structures.
29
Bill, J., SL Rauterberg, J. Stracke, N. Kemper, and M. Fels. "Prevalence and severity of tail lesions as a possible welfare indicator for rabbit does." Animal Welfare 28, no. 4 (2019): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.28.4.511.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of behavioural disorders on animal welfare in modern animal husbandry has been much debated. While other abnormal behaviours have been explored at length, there are a paucity of studies on tail-biting in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In the present study, severe tail lesions were observed in group-reared rabbit does on a commercial rabbit farm. In the subsequent investigations, the occurrence of tail lesions in 219 rabbit does from nine batches was compared between group- or single-housing and a scoring system recording the severity of tail lesions was developed and verified. This five-grade scoring system was applied to evaluate the progression of prevalence and severity of tail lesions in 21 groups during rearing in two batches. The results revealed a significant difference in the score level between housing types with a higher prevalence of injured tails in group- (60.4%) compared to single-reared (4.0%) does. An increase in severity and frequency of tail lesions was observed in groups during the course of a rearing period. Furthermore, the established scoring system was characterised by adequate observer reliability. Overall, tail injuries occurred on a regular basis in the investigated rearing groups, indicating tail-biting to be a prevalent problem. This could be considered relevant in terms of animal welfare, both for the animal doing the biting and the individual being bitten. The findings draw attention to an inadequately described problem in rabbit husbandry. However, the search for preventive measures needs to scrutinise the role of single-housing, without failing to consider the gregarious nature of rabbits.
30
Matheson, S. M., J. A. Rooke, K. McIlvaney, et al. "Development and validation of on-farm behavioural scoring systems to assess birth assistance and lamb vigour." Animal 5, no. 5 (2011): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731110002430.
Full text
31
Johnston, D., D. A. Kenny, M. McGee, S. M. Waters, A. K. Kelly, and B. Earley. "Electronic feeding behavioural data as indicators of health status in dairy calves." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 55, no. 2 (2016): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2016-0016.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe objectives of this study were (i) to characterise clinical health in dairy calves on an Irish research farm during the artificial calf-rearing period and (ii) to determine whether calves’ pre-weaning intakes and feeding behaviour, recorded by electronic calf feeders, changes in response to incidents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Holstein-Friesian (H-F) and Jersey (J) calves were fed by automatic milk replacer (MR) and concentrate feeders. Feeding behaviour, including MR consumption, drinking speed, number of rewarded and unrewarded visits to the feeder as well as concentrate consumption, was recorded by the feeders. A modified version of the Wisconsin calf health scoring criteria chart was used to score calves’ clinical measurements and identify incidences of BRD. Thus, 40% of calves were found to have at least one incident of BRD. Feeding behaviour was altered during incidents of BRD. The number of unrewarded visits to the feeder was reduced, by approximately four visits, for calves with BRD during the 3 d prior to the identification of BRD(P< 0.05) and tended to be reduced during the 7 d following the identification of BRD(P= 0.05), compared with healthy calves. Additionally, calves with BRD had a tendency for reduced net energy intake (approximately 8%) during the 3 d prior to the identification of BRD, compared with healthy calves. Therefore, calf feeding behavioural data, recorded by electronic feeders during the pre-weaning period, can indicate cases of BRD.
32
Kwami, Corina Shika, Samuel Godfrey, Hippolyte Gavilan, Monica Lakhanpaul, and Priti Parikh. "Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Linkages with Stunting in Rural Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (2019): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203793.
Full textAbstract:
Stunting is a global burden affecting nearly 160 million children younger than five years of age. Whilst the linkages between nutrition and stunting are well recognized, there is a need to explore environmental factors such as water and sanitation, which may influence feeding practices and result in potential infection pathways. This paper explores the linkages between stunting and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors in Ethiopia, which is a relatively understudied context. The research draws upon baseline data for children under the age of five from 3200 households across four regions in Ethiopia as part of a wider study and integrated program led by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Using World Health Organization (WHO) z-scoring, the average stunting rate in the sample is 47.5%. This paper also takes into account demographic and social behavioural factors such as the age, gender of children, and gender of the primary caregiver, in addition to handwashing behaviour and drinking water facilities. The evidence recommends efforts to improve handwashing behaviour for mothers and children with a focus on access to clean water. Higher stunting rates with an increase in the age of children highlight the need for continued interventions, as efforts to improve nutrition and WASH behaviours are most effective early on in promoting long-term health outcomes for children.
33
Prior, Margot, Diana Smart, Ann Sanson, and Frank Oberklaid. "Longitudinal Predictors of Behavioural Adjustment in Pre-Adolescent Children." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 3 (2001): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00903.x.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Longitudinal data from infancy onwards, from the Australian Temperament Project, a prospective study of the temperament and development of a large and representative sample of Victorian children, were examined to identify predictors of psychological disorder at 11–12 years of age. Method: Those children scoring in the at-risk range for psychological disorder according to parents, teachers and self-reports using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire were selected at 11–12 years of age for in-depth assessment and comparison with a group of children with no history of adjustment problems. Analyses of group differences using longitudinal data gathered from infancy to 12 years focused on parent and teacher reports on child temperament and behaviour, and various facets of home and school adjustment. Results: The strongest predictors of adjustment at 12 years were previous behaviour problems, along with some specific temperament factors involving self-regulation capacities and mother's overall rating of child difficulty. Results based on parallel teacher data including peer adjustment, and social and academic competence measures were consistent with parent data. Conclusions: Our research confirms the persistence of early appearing behaviour problems in a community sample and the longitudinal influence of temperament factors in childhood. The study supports the need for a focus on early intervention and prevention strategies in the child mental health field.
34
Roughan, J. V., and P. A. Flecknell. "Buprenorphine: a reappraisal of its antinociceptive effects and therapeutic use in alleviating post-operative pain in animals." Laboratory Animals 36, no. 3 (2002): 322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367702320162423.
Full textAbstract:
Buprenorphine has been widely used for post-operative analgesia in laboratory animals. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in both subjective and objective pain assessment schemes, however doubts have been expressed as to its value as an analgesic. Initial dosage recommendations were based on analgesiometric studies. It is unlikely, however, that the pain elicited in analgesiometric tests is comparable to post-operative pain. This has resulted in recommendations of excessive dose rates and inappropriate clinical indications. Studies involving tests of the efficacy of buprenorphine for alleviating behavioural or other signs of tonic (post-surgical) pain provide a more appropriate estimation of the analgesic capabilities of the drug. However, buprenorphine also has major effects upon the behaviour of normal (unoperated) animals, and this makes assessments of efficacy difficult with some of the systems used for scoring clinical pain. Nevertheless, our most recent studies of the effects of buprenorphine upon pain-related behaviours in rats support the view that it is an effective post-operative analgesic. This short review critically reappraises the role of buprenorphine in this capacity and discusses a rational approach to the relief of pain in laboratory animals. We conclude that buprenorphine remains a valuable agent for pain relief in a wide range of animal species when used in an appropriate manner.
35
Cromhout, Pernille F., Philip Moons, Lau C. Thygesen, Samer Nashef, Sune Damgaard, and Selina Kikkenborg Berg. "Time to expand risk evaluation systems for cardiac surgery? Looking beyond physiological parameters." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 17, no. 8 (2018): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515118783835.
Full textAbstract:
Risk assessment in cardiac surgery traditionally consists of medical and physiological parameters. However, non-physiological factors have also been found to be predictive of poor outcomes following cardiac surgery. Therefore, the isolated focus on physiological parameters is questionable. This paper describes the emotional, behavioural, social and functional factors that have been established to play a role in outcomes following cardiac surgery. This forms a basis for future research, testing the value of these factors above and beyond the physiological parameters. By including such non-physiological factors, the accuracy of the existing risk scoring systems could potentially be improved.
36
Blondeel, Karel, Sonia Dias, Martina Furegato, et al. "Sexual behaviour patterns and STI risk: results of a cluster analysis among men who have sex with men in Portugal." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (2021): e033290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033290.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesPortugal has the highest HIV incidence rate in Western Europe. The proportion assigned to sexual contact between men recently increased to more than 30% of all HIV infections. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are vulnerable to the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), increasing the per-contact risk of HIV infection. Building on syndemic theory, the aim of this analysis was to identify patterns of current sexual behaviour in MSM, and explore their relationship with self-reported current, past STI diagnoses and HIV positive serostatus.DesignA cross-sectional behavioural survey was conducted in Portugal among MSM, using a community-based participatory research approach. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify patterns including behavioural and demographic factors.ResultsThe analysis resulted in six clusters. Three clusters showed higher rates of current STI diagnosis (ranging from 11.7% to 17.1%), past STI diagnosis (ranging from 25.5% to 41.5%) and HIV positive serostatus (ranging from 13.0% to 16.7%). From the three clusters scoring lower on current and past STI and HIV diagnoses, one was characterised by a high number of sexual partners (62% had more than 12 partners in the last year), a high proportion (94.6%) of frequent visits to gay venues to meet sexual partners and high alcohol use (46.1%). The other two clusters scored lower on high risk sexual behaviour.ConclusionFactors other than sexual behaviour appear to reinforce the vulnerability to STIs and HIV of some MSM in this study, suggesting a syndemic of STIs, HIV and other adverse conditions. More research is needed to better understand the drivers of the STI/HIV epidemic in Portuguese MSM, using a concept that goes beyond risk behaviour, to develop effective combination prevention interventions.
37
Setiawan, Andi, Hermanto Siregar, and Tubagus NA Maulana. "Model Behavioural Scoring pada Bisnis Pembiayaan Konsumen Menggunakan Analisis Daya Tahan (Studi Kasus: PT Karya Besar Cabang Bogor)." Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi 13, no. 1 (2014): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2014.13.1.3.
Full text
38
de Haan, H. A., E. A. G. Joosten, A. G. M. Wijdeveld, P. B. Boswinkel, J. van der Palen, and C. A. J. De Jong. "Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Is as Effective in High- as in Low-Scoring Alexithymic Patients with Substance-Related Disorders." Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 80, no. 4 (2011): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000322030.
Full text
39
Pelayo, R., M. Solé, M. J. Sánchez, A. Molina, and M. Valera. "Behavioural linear standardized scoring system of the Lidia cattle breed by testing in herd: estimation of genetic parameters." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 133, no. 5 (2015): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12198.
Full text
40
Grant, Emily P., Sarah L. Wickham, Fiona Anderson, Anne L. Barnes, Patricia A. Fleming, and David W. Miller. "Preliminary Findings on a Novel Behavioural Approach for the Assessment of Pain and Analgesia in Lambs Subject to Routine Husbandry Procedures." Animals 10, no. 7 (2020): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071148.
Full textAbstract:
The identification and assessment of pain in sheep under field conditions are important, but, due to their stoic nature, are fraught with many challenges. In Australia, various husbandry procedures that are documented to cause pain are routinely performed at lamb marking, including ear tagging, castration, mulesing, and tail docking. This study evaluated the validity of a novel methodology to assess pain in lambs: qualitative behavioural assessment (QBA) was used to compare the behavioural expression of control lambs (CONTROL) with that of lambs subject to these procedures that received either a saline placebo 15 min before procedures (PLACEBO), or were administered meloxicam 15 min before procedures in addition to the standard analgesic Tri-Solfen at the time of procedures, as per the manufacturer’s recommendations (ANALGESIC TREATMENT; AT). In terms of behavioural expression, it was expected that: CONTROL ≠ PLACEBO, AT = CONTROL, and PLACEBO ≠ AT. Video footage of the 6−8-week-old lambs (n = 10 for each treatment) was captured approximately 1.5 h postprocedure and was presented, in a random order, to 19 observers for assessment using the Free-Choice Profiling (FCP) approach to QBA. There was significant consensus (p < 0.001) among the observers in their assessment of the lambs, with two main dimensions of behavioural expression explaining 69.2% of the variation. As expected, observers perceived differences in the demeanour of lambs in the first dimension, scoring all lambs subject to the routine husbandry procedures as significantly more ‘dull’ and ‘uneasy’ compared to the control lambs (p < 0.05). Contrary to expectations, the results also suggested that analgesic treatment did not provide relief at the time of observation. Further investigations to validate the relationship between behavioural expression scores and pain are necessary, but these results suggest that painful husbandry procedures alter the behavioural expression of lambs and these differences can be captured using QBA methodology.
41
Chaulagain, Ramesh Prasad. "Contribution of Financial Literacy on Behaviour: A Nepali Perspective." Journal of Education and Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v8i2.27380.
Full textAbstract:
Financial literacy and behaviour are emerging personal financial agendas both in education and finance. However, financial literacy has behavioural implication and effect on the financial well-being of individuals. Therefore, assessing financial behaviour by measuring financial literacy of individuals is important research attention. In this paper, the contribution of financial literacy on the financial behaviour of small borrowers is measured and analysed. The study follows a quantitative research methodology under the post-positivistic research paradigm. A simple scoring method is used to measure financial literacy and the logistic regression model is used to measure the probabilistic contribution of financial literacy on behaviour. By using a sample survey, the study collects 393 sets of responses from small borrowers selected randomly from four districts of Nepal. Theory of planned behaviour is used to interpret the finding. The theory of planned behaviour states that the literacy i.e. knowledge and skill in financial matters will develop an attitude, and if the attitude is positive, the persons will behave accordingly. The finding explores that improved level of financial literacy contributes financial behaviour of the small borrowers positively. The study concludes that for enhancing financial behaviour, contemporary and contextual financial literacy programs are necessary to educate the individuals. The study also connects financial well-beings with enhanced financial behaviour. Findings of this study are useful for policymakers, financial service users, academicians and financial service providers in Nepal.
42
Azizam, Nor Azmaniza, Siti Noorsuriani Maon, Liatul Izian Ali Husin, Siti Nurul Akma Ahmad, and Rohana Mat Som. "Team-Based Learning on Teaching Medical and Health Terminology." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI1 (2020): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi1.2317.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of TBL teaching and learning Medical and Health Terminology subject. The TBL session has been undertaken in two phases, commencing with the Individual Readiness Test (IRT), and followed the Group Readiness Test (GRT). The outcomes indicated the significance of scoring between the two phases for both components, which are suggestive of TBL implementation, showing a positive response from students. The statistical analysis has also revealed score differences between the Medical and Health Terminology subjects, according to student background. TBL should advocate and actively promoted in all issues for the Health Administration program. Keywords: Team-Based Learning, Academic Performance, Universiti Teknologi MARA. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2317
43
Phillips, Emma Claire, Samantha Eve Smith, Benjamin Clarke, et al. "Validity of the Medi-StuNTS behavioural marker system: assessing the non-technical skills of medical students during immersive simulation." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 7, no. 1 (2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2019-000506.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe Medical Students’ Non-Technical Skills (Medi-StuNTS) behavioural marker system (BMS) is the first BMS to be developed specifically for medical students to facilitate training in non-technical skills (NTS) within immersive simulated acute care scenarios. In order to begin implementing the tool in practice, validity evidence must be sought. We aimed to assess the validity of the Medi-StuNTS system with reference to Messick’s contemporary validity framework.MethodsTwo raters marked video-recorded performances of acute care simulation scenarios using the Medi-StuNTS system. Three groups were marked: third-year and fourth-year medical students (novices), final-year medical students (intermediates) and core medical trainees (experts). The scores were used to make assessments of relationships to the variable of clinical experience through expert–novice comparisons, inter-rater reliability, observability, exploratory factor analysis, inter-rater disagreements and differential item functioning.ResultsA significant difference was found between the three groups (p<0.005), with experts scoring significantly better than intermediates (p<0.005) and intermediates scoring significantly better than novices (p=0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between the two raters’ scores (r=0.79), and an inter-rater disagreement of more than one point in less than one-fifth of cases. Across all scenarios, 99.7% of skill categories and 84% of skill elements were observable. Factor analysis demonstrated appropriate grouping of skill elements. Inconsistencies in test performance across learner groups were shown specifically in the skill categories of situation awareness and decision making and prioritisation.ConclusionWe have demonstrated evidence for several aspects of validity of the Medi-StuNTS system when assessing medical students’ NTS during immersive simulation. We can now begin to introduce this system into simulation-based education to maximise NTS training in this group.
44
Nicolaisen, Thies, Eyke Lühken, Nina Volkmann, Karl Rohn, Nicole Kemper, and Michaela Fels. "The Effect of Sows’ and Piglets’ Behaviour on Piglet Crushing Patterns in Two Different Farrowing Pen Systems." Animals 9, no. 8 (2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080538.
Full textAbstract:
Pens with farrowing crate (FC) and two differently designed free-farrowing pens (LH-pens: 7.3 m², plastic flooring; GH-pens: 5 m², cast-iron and concrete flooring) were compared regarding piglet losses and postpartum sow behaviour (all treatments) and reasons for piglet crushing and postpartum litter behaviour (LH and GH). One-hundred-and-three crushing events were analysed in eight batches concerning sows’ posture changes that crushed piglets and age of crushed piglets. Posture change frequency, amounts of single posture changes and total time spent in different body postures were evaluated for 41 sows (14 FC-sows, 13 LH-sows and 14 GH-sows) in six batches. Litter behaviour (location, active/inactive scoring, resting behaviour next to the sow) was analysed during sows’ posture changes and piglet crushing. Piglet mortality was higher in LH (25.6%) and GH (19.9%) compared to FC (12.3%) due to higher levels of piglet crushing. Most crushing occurred during the three days postpartum in LH (92.7%) and GH (83.9%). However, crushing patterns differed between LH (rolling: 68.2%; sit-to-lie: 18.2%; stand-to-lie: 11.4%) and GH (rolling: 38.2%; sit-to-lie: 30.9%; stand-to-lie: 16.4%) and varying piglet behaviour may be the cause for this. The postpartum period was characterized by inactivity of the sow and behavioural differences were rarely seen between systems.
45
Cohen, Shari, and Thierry Beths. "Grimace Scores: Tools to Support the Identification of Pain in Mammals Used in Research." Animals 10, no. 10 (2020): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101726.
Full textAbstract:
The 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, is a framework to ensure the ethical and justified use of animals in research. The implementation of refinements is required to alleviate and minimise the pain and suffering of animals in research. Public acceptability of animal use in research is contingent on satisfying ethical and legal obligations to provide pain relief along with humane endpoints. To fulfil this obligation, staff, researchers, veterinarians, and technicians must rapidly, accurately, efficiently and consistently identify, assess and act on signs of pain. This ability is paramount to uphold animal welfare, prevent undue suffering and mitigate possible negative impacts on research. Identification of pain may be based on indicators such as physiological, behavioural, or physical ones. Each has been used to develop different pain scoring systems with potential benefits and limitations in identifying and assessing pain. Grimace scores are a promising adjunctive behavioural technique in some mammalian species to identify and assess pain in research animals. The use of this method can be beneficial to animal welfare and research outcomes by identifying animals that may require alleviation of pain or humane intervention. This paper highlights the benefits, caveats, and potential applications of grimace scales.
46
Collins, Teresa, Catherine Stockman, Anne Barnes, David Miller, Sarah Wickham, and Patricia Fleming. "Qualitative Behavioural Assessment as a Method to Identify Potential Stressors during Commercial Sheep Transport." Animals 8, no. 11 (2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8110209.
Full textAbstract:
Land transport is an unavoidable experience for most livestock, yet there is limited research comparing animal welfare under different conditions. We video recorded sheep responses during short (2 h) commercial road transport journeys. Using Qualitative Behavioural Assessment, observers (blinded to the treatments) scored the behavioural expression of sheep and reached significant consensus in their scoring patterns (p < 0.001). There were also significant effects of vehicle crate design (sheep transported in a ‘standard’ crate were more calm/relaxed than those transported in a ‘convertible’ crate), deck position (sheep on upper decks were more curious/alert than those on lower decks), and sheep breed (fat-tail sheep were more agitated/distressed than merino sheep) on observer scores. We only found marginal differences for sheep originating from feedlot or saleyard. Significant effects of vehicle driver (included as a random factor in all but one of our analyses) suggest driving patterns contributed to demeanour of the sheep. Finally, the fourteen drivers who participated in the study were asked their opinions on livestock transport; none of the factors we tested were identified by drivers as important for sheep welfare during transport. This study supports the use of qualitative measures in transport and revealed differences that could inform truck design.
47
Stephens, Zoe, Charlotte Marie Jackson, and Will Cross. "A Video Based Intervention to Support Children’s Social, Emotional and Mental Health." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 8, no. 1 (2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v8n1p54.
Full textAbstract:
The intention of Reflect as an innovative intervention was to enhance and highlight the building blocks of Five to Thrive (Kate Cairns Associates 2012: Respond, Cuddle, Relax, Play and Talk) and help pre-school setting practitioners see how applying more of these principles could support positive change in a child’s behaviour. The report provides background, research and theory behind the approach and intervention, and explains why it was chosen in this situation. It gives a description of how it is delivered in practice, so that it can be reproduced.Key findings suggest progress in 2 main areas; 1) children’s behaviour, emotional literacy and self-regulation and 2) change in the practitioners’ approach to managing behaviour, their perception and attitude towards the children. Results from ratings by parents and pre-school staff using a standardised measure of behaviour (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), showed improvements in children’s behaviour by decreased scores in behaviour difficulties sub-scales post intervention. The Overall Stress data from staff ratings combined scores for 4 difficulty measures (emotional, behavioural concerns, hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationships) showed that 4% of children were functioning close to the ‘Average’ band pre-intervention, compared to 50% post intervention. Furthermore, staff ratings showed significant reductions to the number of children scoring at the most concerning ‘Very High’ difficulties band; 67% pre-intervention compared to 29% post intervention. All children made progress against individually set learning behaviour goals.Progress and usefulness of Reflect was also evidenced qualitatively from setting staff evaluations and perceptions of the workers who delivered the intervention.
48
Et.al, Aqilah Nadiah MD SAHIQ. "Towards Achieving Long-Term Debt Sustainability: A Systematic Review of the Key Determinants of Personal Bankruptcy." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.900.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess previous research about financial and non-financial causes of personal bankruptcy among individual households. Additionally, the paper aimed to provide an insight into the key determinants of personal bankruptcy and to determine their relationship with individual characteristics. The fundamental causes of bankruptcy and its effects on financial status were also discussed. Through understanding the causes of bankruptcy, we hope to help financial institutions to minimise the number of personal bankruptcies.
 Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted to identify articles on determinants of personal bankruptcy. The selected articles were then analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol.
 Findings: We identified several themes that emerged as the key determinants of personal bankruptcy filings. These determinants were demographic indicators, socioeconomic status indicators, debt indicators, financial indicators, social stigma indicators, behavioural indicators, and macroeconomic indicators.
 Research implications: The key determinants of personal bankruptcy that were identified in this systematic review are renowned factors in the personal bankruptcy literature. Therefore, these determinants should be studied extensively to examine their effects in other studies and using a different type of datasets.
 Practical implications: The findings of this study help the financial institutions to predict the likelihood of consumer default by developing an effective credit scoring model. Additionally, the development of an effective credit scoring model could serve as an early warning indicator to identify “high risk” client.
 Originality/value: Bankruptcy is a long-term process that does not occur instantly. Therefore, a longitudinal and comprehensive approach is required to understand bankruptcy. Our findings contribute to the current literature by providing a better understanding of the causes of personal bankruptcy. We recommend developing an effective credit scoring model to predict the likelihood of personal bankruptcy.
49
Struemph, Kari L., Lydia R. Barhight, Deepika Thacker, and Erica Sood. "Systematic psychosocial screening in a paediatric cardiology clinic: clinical utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17." Cardiology in the Young 26, no. 6 (2015): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115001900.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinical utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 for identifying psychosocial concerns and improving access to psychology services within a paediatric cardiology clinic.MethodParents of 561 children (aged 4–17 years) presenting for follow-up of CHD, acquired heart disease, or arrhythmia completed the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 as part of routine care; three items assessing parental (1) concern for learning/development, (2) questions about adjustment to cardiac diagnosis, and (3) interest in discussing concerns with a behavioural healthcare specialist were added to the questionnaire. A psychologist contacted the parents by phone if they indicated interest in speaking with a behavioural healthcare specialist.ResultsPercentages of children scoring above clinical cut-offs for externalising (10.5%), attention (8.7%), and total (9.3%) problems were similar to a “normative” primary-care sample, whereas fewer children in this study scored above the cut-off for internalising problems (7.8%; p<0.01). Sociodemographic, but not clinical, characteristics were associated with Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 scores. 17% of the parents endorsed concerns about learning/development, and 20% endorsed questions about adjustment to diagnosis. History of cardiac surgery was associated with increased concern about learning/development (p<0.01). Only 37% of the parents expressing psychosocial concerns reported interest in speaking with a psychologist.ConclusionsThe Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 may not be sensitive to specific difficulties experienced by this patient population. A questionnaire with greater focus on learning/development and adjustment to diagnosis may yield improved utility. Psychology integration in clinics serving high-risk cardiac patients may decrease barriers to behavioural healthcare services.
50
Colville, Jonathan F., Mike D. Picker, and Richard M. Cowling. "Feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism in a speciose flower beetle clade (Hopliini: Scarabaeidae)." PeerJ 6 (June 20, 2018): e4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4632.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism is examined in a speciose South African monkey beetle clade. We test whether feeding and mating at a fixed site (embedding guild) is associated with greater levels of sexual dimorphism and possibly sexual selection than species using unpredictable feeding resources (non-embedding guild). Sexual dimorphism was measured using a point scoring system for hind leg and colour across the two feeding guilds for >50% of the regional fauna. Quantification of hind leg dimorphism using a scoring system and allometric scaling were used to identify traits subject to sexual selection. Feeding guild had a significant effect on hind leg dimorphism, with embedders having high and non-embedders low scores. The sessile and defendable distribution of females on stable platform flowers may favour contests and associated hind leg weaponry. In contrast, degree of colour dimorphism between the sexes was not associated with any particular feeding guild, and may serve to reduce male conflict and combat. Embedder males had high proportions (∼76%) of species with positive allometric slopes for almost all hind leg traits. For male non-embedders, only ∼37% of species showed positive scaling relationships. Phylogenetic data, in conjunction with behavioural data on the function of leg weaponry and visual signalling among males is needed to better understand the link between sexual dimorphism and sexual selection in the radiation of the monkey beetles.