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De, Bourcier P. G. R. "Synthetic behavioural ecology." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360517.
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Long, David Ian. "Behavioural simulation of mixed analogue/digital circuits." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1996. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/278/.
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Continuing improvements in integrated circuit technology have made possible the implementation of complex electronic systems on a single chip. This often requires both analogue and digital signal processing. It is essential to simulate such IC's during the design process to detect errors at an early stage. Unfortunately, the simulators that are currently available are not well-suited to large mixed-signal circuits. This thesis describes the design and development of a new methodology for simulating analogue and digital components in a single, integrated environment. The methodology represents components as behavioural models that are more efficient than the circuit models used in conventional simulators. The signals that flow between models are all represented as piecewise-linear (PWL) waveforms. Since models representing digital and analogue components use the same format to represent their signals, they can be directly connected together. An object-oriented approach was used to create a class hierarchy to implement the component models. This supports rapid development of new models since all models are derived from a common base class and inherit the methods and attributes defined in their parentc lassesT. he signal objectsa re implementedw ith a similar class hierarchy. The development and validation of models representing various digital, analogue and mixed-signal components are described. Comparisons are made between the accuracy and performance of the proposed methodology and several commercial simulators. The development of a Windows-based demonstrations imulation tool called POISE is also described. This permitted models to be tested independently and multiple models to be connected together to form structural models of complex circuits.
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Hassan, Samir Mohamed. "Parallel behavioural simulation : a message passing approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317432.
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Sykes, Jennifer. "Behavioural healthcare modelling : incorporating behaviour into healthcare simulation models ; a breast cancer screening example." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438669.
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Gorton, Ian. "Behavioural specification and simulation of minimum configuration computer systems." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1988. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19708/.
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The ultimate goal of Computer-Aided Design research in the area of digital circuits is the automatic synthesis of a complete solution from a behavioural specification. This thesis describes an attempt to attain this ideal in the more limited realm of designing single-board control systems, constructed from general-purpose microprocessor components. The difficulties currently encountered in designing and implementing microprocessor control systems are outlined, and the architecture of an integrated, knowledge-based design system is proposed as a method of overcoming these difficulties. The design system encompasses both behavioural and structural design functions. However, only the tools and techniques required to fulfil the behavioural design functions are considered in detail in this project. A review of previous work in the field of automated digital circuit design and software and hardware specification languages is presented. The major features of a novel language for specifying and simulating control system behaviour are then described, together with an intermediate design description notation, which facilitates the generation of microprocessor assembly language code directly from behavioural specifications. The design and implementation of a fast, generalised microprocessor simulation facility constructed from transputers is discussed, and its performance potential analysed. The simulation facility enables the complete design for a given application to be tested, before any actual hardware construction takes place. Finally, an evaluation of the behavioural specification, synthesis and simulation techniques developed in this project is presented, and the benefits perceived from adopting such techniques are summarised. Issues concerning the integration of these techniques with the knowledge-based structural design tools are also dealt with, and suggestions for further developments and enhancements are identified.
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Garagate, C. "Simulation backplane : an integrated environment for mixed-mode simulation of multiple analogue, digital and behavioural circuit simulators." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241981.
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Frost, A. J. "Teaching work design : the analysis of a behavioural simulation of work organisation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305794.
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Noble, Jason. "The evolution of animal communication systems : questions of function examined through simulation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/265236/.
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Simulated evolution is used as a tool for investigating the selective pressures that have influenced the design of animal signalling systems. The biological literature on communication is first reviewed: central concepts such as the handicap principle and the view of signalling as manipulation are discussed. The equation of “biological function” with “adaptive value” is then defended, along with a workable definition of communication. Evolutionary simulation models are advocated as a way of testing the coherence of a given theory. Contra some ALife enthusiasts, simulations are not alternate worlds worthy of independent study; in fact they fit naturally into a Quinean picture of scientific knowledge as a web of modifiable propositions. Existing simulation work on the evolution of communication is reviewed: much of it consists of simple proofs of concept that fail to make connections with existing theory. A particular model (MacLennan & Burghardt, 1994) of the evolution of referential communication in a co-operative context is replicated and critiqued in detail. Evolutionary simulations are then presented that cover a range of ecological scenarios; the first is a general model of food- and alarm-calling. In such situations signallers and receivers can have common or conflicting interests; the model allows us to test the idea that a conflict of interests will lead to an arms race of ever more costly signals, whereas common interests will result in signals that are as cheap as possible. The second model is concerned with communication during aggressive interactions. Many animals use signals to settle contests, thus avoiding the costs associated with fighting. Conventional game-theoretic results suggest that the signalling of aggression or of strength will not be evolutionarily stable unless it is physically unfakeable, but some recent models imply that cost-free, arbitrary signals can be reliable indicators of both intent and ability. The simulation, which features continuous-time perception of the opponent’s strategy, is an attempt to settle the question. The third model deals with sexual signalling, i.e., elaborate displays that are designed to persuade members of the opposite sex to mate. The results clarify the question of whether such displays are the pointless result of runaway sexual selection, or whether they function as honest and costly indicators of genetic quality. The models predict the evolution of reliable communication in a surprisingly narrow range of circumstances; a serious gap remains between these predictions and the ethological data. Future directions for simulation work are discussed.
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Feher, Dennis Claudy. "A synthesis of Behavioural Economics and Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis: An agent-based simulation exploration of satisficing behaviours in a complex financial economy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21804.
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A review of the economics and finance literature from the early 1900’s until the current period shows a struggle to articulate the role of human behaviours within complex financial systems. Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) has been identified as providing the most plausible foundation for articulating the unstable behaviours driven by individuals, capitalists and financial institutions. However, inasmuch as Minsky has provided a means to identify the macro phenomena, a key missing link is modelling the behaviours of the economic agents that make up the FIH: how such agents engage in decision making, and the transmission of desires across the population that in turn drive the macro outcomes articulated by Minsky. This thesis draws upon the domain of behavioural economics developed by Kahneman & Tversky of System 1 (rapid) and System 2 (deeper) thinking and decision making, and is based on the interplay of information, experience, history, and the competition between the two systems. System 1 is an instantaneous reaction, whilst System 2 is a measured approach drawing upon knowledge and experience. Herbert A. Simon contributes the concept of “Bounded Rationality”: the ability to make decisions based on limited information and the speed at which such information needs to be processed. The key aim of this thesis is to arrive at a synthesis between behavioural economics and Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis creating a behavioural framework containing both theoretical spheres (noted as the FIHB, a behavioural augmentation of the FIH). The FIHB will be illustrated in the context of Agent Based Modelling (ABM), which allows for conclusions that may not have been thought of within its original economic context. ABM methodology allows for insights on how agents adapt to their environment, and observe how changes in behaviours and influences on the economic agents (through system or population behaviours) feedback to overall environment changes. Through varying the initial conditions of the agent population for leverage, asset, consumption, employment and population conditions, we are able to observe changes to Minsky’s definitions of investment and consumption demand (and ultimately effective demand), through the functions of System 1 and System 2 behaviours.
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Bourgeois, Denis J. "Detailed occupancy prediction, occupancy-sensing control and advanced behavioural modelling within whole-building energy simulation." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22706/22706.pdf.
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Humphries, Nicolas Edmund. "Behavioural analysis of marine predator movements in relation to heterogeneous environments." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1571.
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An understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of marine predator populations is essential for the sustainable management of marine resources. Tagging studies are providing ever more information about the movements and migrations of marine predators and much has been learned about where these predators spend their time. However little is known about their underlying motivations, making it difficult to make predictions about how apex predators will respond to changing environments. While much progress has been made in behavioural ecology through the use of optimality models, in the marine environment the necessary costs and benefits are difficult to quantify making this approach less successful than with terrestrial studies. One aspect of foraging behaviour that has proved tractable however is the optimisation of random searches. Work by statistical physicists has shown that a specialised movement, known as Lévy flight, can optimise the rate of new prey patch encounters when new prey patches are beyond sensory range. The resulting Lévy flight foraging (LFF) hypothesis makes testable predictions about marine predator search behaviour that can be addressed with the theoretical and empirical studies that form the basis of this thesis. Results presented here resolve the controversy surrounding the hypothesis, demonstrating the optimality of Lévy searches under a broader set of conditions than previously considered, including whether observed Lévy patterns are innate or emergent. Empirical studies provide robust evidence for the prevalence of Lévy search patterns in the movements of diverse marine pelagic predators such as sharks, tunas and billfish as well as in the foraging patterns of albatrosses, overturning a previous study. Predictions from the LFF hypothesis concerning fast moving prey are confirmed leading to simulation studies of ambush predator’s activity patterns. Movement analysis is then applied to the assessment of by-catch mitigation efforts involving VMS data from long-liners and simulated sharks.
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Graham, Frederick. "Do hospital nurses recognise pain in older agitated patients with cognitive impairment? A descriptive correlational study using virtual simulation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207250/1/Frederick_Graham_Thesis.pdf.
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Agitation and aggression are challenging symptoms commonly experienced by hospitalised cognitively impaired patients. Pain is one well-established cause; however, nurses may not recognise pain-related agitation. This descriptive correlational study examined the clinical decisions of 274 nurses in a virtual simulation of pain-related agitation. Despite high formal knowledge about pain, 95% failed to recognise pain-related agitation and 89% administered antipsychotics. Experiential knowledge, the unconscious but accurate classification of available cues, was identified as crucial to performance. To develop accurate experiential knowledge about pain-related agitation, workplaces may need conditions for deliberate practice, where nurses receive immediate and accurate feedback about their performance.
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Meleady, Rose. "Simulating social dilemmas : promoting cooperative behaviour through strategies of mental simulation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633829.
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One of the most consistent findings in experimental social dilemmas research is the positive effect group discussion has on cooperative behaviour. At a time when cooperation is critical to tackle societal problems, ranging from debt to deforestation, understanding the dynamics of group discussion is a pressing need. Unfortunately, research investigating the processes underlying the effect has stalled in a state of disagreement, whilst applications have been discouraged by the realisation that discussion amongst all decision-makers is often difficult to establish. The first part of this thesis uniquely integrates previously competing 'single-cause' explanations of the group discussion effect into a single process model of group discussion, providing a more complete theoretical picture of how intenelated factors combine to facilitate discussion induced cooperation. On the basis of this theoretical analysis, complimentary approaches to the indirect and feasible implementation of group discussion are proposed, including the entirely new concept of imagined group discussion. Results within the second part of the thesis support the conclusion that when individuals imagine discussing a social dilemma with nominal group members they engage in cognitive processes consonant with those underlying the direct group discussion effect, thereby resulting in higher levels of cooperative behaviour. The third part of the thesis demonstrates that when the size of the group facing the dilemma is so large that even imagining a discussion amongst all decision-makers becomes impracticable (i.e. within global-level dilemmas), an imagined discussion with a single outgroup member successfully encourages collectively beneficial decision-making. The use of imagined communication techniques is therefore advocated as a simple, versatile and inexpensive means of encouraging cooperative behaviour without the limiting requirement of proximity between discussants.
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Bevrani, Kaveh. "The development of a naturalistic car following model for assessing managed motorway systems' safety effects." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61499/6/Kaveh_Bevrani_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis highlights the limitations of the existing car following models to emulate driver behaviour for safety study purposes. It also compares the capabilities of the mainstream car following models emulating driver behaviour precise parameters such as headways and Time to Collisions. The comparison evaluates the robustness of each car following model for safety metric reproductions. A new car following model, based on the personal space concept and fish school model is proposed to simulate more precise traffic metrics. This new model is capable of reflecting changes in the headway distribution after imposing the speed limit form VSL systems. This research facilitates assessing Intelligent Transportation Systems on motorways, using microscopic simulation.
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Farazdaghi, Elham. "Facial ageing and rejuvenation modeling including lifestyle behaviours, using biometrics-based approaches." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1236/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif de modéliser, par approches biométriques, l’évolution dans le temps du visage humain, en partant de l’âge enfant, jusqu’à un âge adulte. Ces travaux sur le vieillissement rentrent dans le cadre des activités de recherche du groupe biométrie du laboratoire LiSSi (UPEC).Comme il est connu, l’évolution des traits dues au vieillissement dépend deplusieurs facteurs intrinsèques ou extrinsèques, dont : la génétique, l’origine ethnique, le mode de vie, etc. En considérons les modèles paramétriques proposés dans cette thèse, nous exploitons entre autres, les similitudes des caractéristiques extraites chez des individus d’une même catégorie d’âge. Ces similitudes sont intégrées dans nos modèles afin de pouvoir estimer l’apparence faciale à un âge spécifique. Contrairement aux nombreuses études traitant les modèles prédictifs de vieillissement facial, cette thèse propose pour la première fois un modèle réversible permettant également le rajeunissement numérique de l’apparence du visage que nous appellerons, modèle de prédiction arrière d’apparence. Quant à la prédiction avant, notre contribution s’est orientée vers la proposition d’un modèle non-linaire paramétrique de vieillissement permettant de prendre en considération les facteurs accélérateurs de vieillissements liés au mode de vie des individus. De manière générale, nous nous sommes intéressés aux conséquences de certaines addictions de type (drogues, alcool,exposition au soleil, etc.), sur le vieillissement prématuré du visage. Par conséquent,nous avons proposé des modèles sensibles à certains de ces facteurs en se basant sur des analyses statistiques. Comme retombés socio-économiques, cette étude a pour objectif de sensibiliser les jeunes personnes par rapport aux dangers liés à la consommation excessives de certaines substances, voire à l’addiction à certaines pratiques.Les études que nous avons menées durant cette thèse, ont nécessité la constitution d’une base de données contenant plus de 1600 images faciales. Cette base de données a permis le développement 30 modèles de visages «Face Templates». Suite à cela, nous avons créé une base de données d’évaluation, appelée «Face Time-Machine (FaceTiM)». Constituée à partir de 120 sujets, cette base de données est mise à disposition des chercheurs afin qu’ils puissent reproduire les résultats que nous avons obtenus, évaluer les performances, et enfin contribuer à l’amélioration des modèles proposés<br>The main focus of this thesis is to model the evolution trajectory of human face from infancy to senility using the biometrics facial features.The manifestation of facial changes caused by ageing depends on different factors such as genetic, ethnicity and lifestyle. Nevertheless, individuals in the same age group share some facial similarities. These resemblances can be employed to approximate the facial appearance of an individual in the bygone or the forthcoming years.Unlike numerous studies dealing with predictive face ageing models, for the first time, this thesis proposes the first Backward Facial Ageing Model aiming at digitally rejuvenate an adult face appearance down to its early childhood. We also present the Forward Facial Ageing Model to predict the adult face appearance in its future by taking into account the naturalageing trajectory. The main purpose of Forward Facial Ageing Model is to have a base model for the supplementary ageing models such as behavioural models.In this thesis for the first time in face ageing studies, the effects of different lifestyle behaviours are integrated into the facial ageing models. The Behavioural Facial Ageing Models predict the feature of a young face in case of having the high-risk lifestyle habits. The main attempt of these models is to illustrate the adverse effects of unsafe lifestyle behaviourson the senility of the face, aiming to prevent the youth from becoming involved in these habits. The Facial Ageing Modeling Database, contains over 1600 facial images, is collected to construct the models and 30 Face Templates for the purpose of the face ageing studies.Besides, the Face Time-Machine Database from 120 subjects is created and published to testand evaluate the results. For the proposed approach face contour and different components are modified non-linearly based on an estimated geometrical model related to the trajectory of growth or ageing. Moreover, the face texture is adapted by mapping a Face Template to the estimated geometrical model. Then, the effects of each lifestyle habit are set up to the primal predictive model.The evaluations of the results indicate that the proposed models are remarkably accurate to estimate the correct face appearance of an individual in the target age. While the simulated facial images are realistic and have the appearance, geometrical and textural characteristics of the target age, the personal identity and details of the input face images are preserved
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Chmura, Thorsten. "Analyse, Modellierung und Simulationen von Routenwahlverhalten / Analyses, Modelling and Simulation of Route Choice Behaviour." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2005. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-05152005-222337/.
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This thesis will give an overview about the connection of physics and economy in special view of human behavior in traffic scenarios. Main topic is the human decision making process in a two-route-choice scenario. In three main Experiments, human players had to decide between two routes which connect two cities. The first experiment is defined by a pure Nash-equilibrium and 18 participants, the second experiment is similar, but alternating construction sites on both routes were added. Experiment 1 and 2 are played over 200 periods. The third experiment is a minority game with mixed equilibria and 9 participants. Experiment 3 was played over 100 periods. Furthermore the first experiment was extended to a larger group of players up to 90 persons. For every experiment two treatments with 6 observations were played. The treatments differ in the given information to the participants before they choose between the two routes. In the first treatment the information about the own travel time was given, additionally in the second treatment the information about travel times on both routes were given. The second part of the thesis describes the statistical data and illustrates the results. Two main results are that the equilibrium was not stable in the experiments, the fluctuations persists to the end of every observation. Further on two player types were found and explained in this chapter. In the third part of this thesis an extended payoff-sum model is described and explained. Simulations using this reinforcement learning model were run and show the reproducibility of the empirical data. In the conclusions the main results are shown and discussed.
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Pyykönen, Jouni. "Computational simulation of aerosol behaviour /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2002/P461.pdf.
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Hollmann, Claudia. "A cognitive human behaviour model for pedestrian behaviour simulation." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13831/.
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Pedestrian behaviour simulation models are being developed with the intention to simulate human behaviour in various environments in both non-emergency and emergency situations. These models are applied with the objective to understand the underlying causes and dynamics of pedestrian behaviour and how the environment or the environment’s intrinsic procedures can be adjusted in order to provide an improvement of human comfort and safety. In order to realistically model pedestrian behaviour in complex environments, the specific human behaviour patterns which govern their behaviour need to be represented. It is thereby of importance to understand the causal chains between the surrounding conditions and the pedestrians’ behaviours: the impact of the environment’s purpose and facilities as well as the pedestrians’ individual goals on the pedestrians’ planning and route choice behaviour; the influence of emergent stimuli on the pedestrians’ plans and environment usage; the influence of the pedestrians’ environment usage under normal usage conditions on the pedestrians’ behaviour in response to a potential alarm event. In this thesis, a framework is developed for modelling advanced individual pedestrian behaviours and especially purpose-driven environment usage. The framework thereby aims to assist building and facility planners in improving a building’s layout in terms of pedestrian experience and walking routes. In this thesis, a comprehensive review on how individual pedestrian behaviour and the pedestrians’ environment usage are realised in current pedestrian behaviour simulation models has been undertaken. In addition, current theories on human decision making, goal-driven behaviour and emotion modelling have been surveyed from the research fields of artificial intelligence, virtual reality simulation, human psychology and human behavioural sciences. From this survey, theories suitable for this thesis’ cause have been identified and combined for the proposed Cognitive Pedestrian Agent Framework (CPAF). The proposed framework contains a sophisticated human decision making model, a multi-faceted individual knowledge representation, a model to realise situational and contextual awareness, and a novel realisation of a human path planning heuristic. The proposed framework has been demonstrated in the simulation of a building usage-cycle use case. Further, it has been outlined how the proposed framework could be used to model experiential alarm response behaviour.
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Rymill, Stephen Julian. "Psychologically-based simulation of human behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614295.
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Bestory, Corinne. "Développement de stratégies de conception en vue de la fiabilité pour la simulation et la prévision des durées de vie de circuits intégrés dès la phase de conception." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13627/document.
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La conception en vue de la fiabilité (DFR, Design for Reliability) consiste à simuler le vieillissement électrique des composants élémentaires pour évaluer la dégradation d'un circuit complet. C'est dans ce contexte de fiabilité et de simulation de cette dernière, qu'une stratégie de conception en vue de la fiabilité a été développée au cours de ses travaux. Cette stratégie, intégrant une approche « système » de la simulation, s'appuie sur l'ajout de deux étapes intermédiaires dans la phase de conception. La première étape est une étape de construction de modèles comportementaux compacts à l'aide d'une méthodologie basée sur une approche de modélisation multi niveaux (du niveau transistor au niveau circuit) des dégradations d'un circuit. La seconde étape consiste alors l'analyse descendante de la fiabilité de ce circuit, à l'aide de simulations électriques utilisant ses modèles comportementaux dits « dégradables », afin de déterminer les blocs fonctionnels et/ou les composants élémentaires critiques de l'architecture de ce dernier, vis-à-vis d'un mécanisme de défaillance et un profil de mission donnés. Cette analyse descendante permet aussi d'évaluer l'instant de défaillance de ce circuit. Les dispersions statiques, lies au procédé de fabrication utilisé, sur les performances d'un lot de CIs ont aussi été prises en compte afin d'évaluer leur impact sur la dispersion des instants de défaillance des circuits intégrés. Ces méthodes ont été appliquées à deux mécanismes de dégradation : les porteurs chauds et les radiations<br>Design for reliability (DFR) consists in assessing the impact of electrical ageing of each elementary component, using electrical simulations, on performance degradations of a full device. According to DFR concept and reliability simulation, theses works present a new DFR strategy. This strategy based on the integration of two intermediate phases in the ICs and SoC design flow. The first phase is a bottom-up ageing behavioural modelling phase of a circuit (from transistor level to circuit level). The second phase is a « top-down reliability analyses » phase of this circuit, performing electrical simulations using its ageing behavioural models, in order to determine critical functional blocks and / or elementary components of its architecture according to a failure mechanism and a given mission profile. Theses analyses also allow determining the failure time of this circuit. Statistical dispersions on ICs performances, due to the used manufacturing process, have been taking into account in order to assess their impact on failure time dispersions of a ICs lot. The method has been applied on two degradation mechanisms: hot carriers and radiations
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Anderson, K. L. "Simulation of molecular behaviour at polymeric interfaces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596097.
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Monte Carlo computer simulation methods were used to understand molecular behaviour of polymeric materials in the condensed state near an interface. The 'interfaces' studied were between an amorphous polymer and (a) air, (b) another amorphous polymer, and (c) a polymer crystal. Three specific cases were examined: interfacial induced ordering and dynamics, diffusion across an interface and crystallisation and phase transitions. A calibrated model of a polymer system illustrates the computational possibilities that now exist in what has mainly been an experimental and theoretical approach to polymer surface science. Molecular ordering at the polymer-air interface was examined for various molecular weights of atactic poly(styrene), and directly compared to experiment and theory. The actual radius of gyration of polymer chains was shown to be directly observable using scanning force microscopy and lattice chain simulations, leading to a new method of molecular weight characterisation. Furthermore, dynamic analysis of this system hinted at a depression of the glass transition temperature near the free surface. Dynamic simulation of polymer-polymer interfaces, where diffusion across the interface leads to a loss of order and eventual disappearance of the interface, led to very promising results. The diffusion and disordering processes were examined in the cases of polydisperse and semi-flexible chain systems, in which there is inherent ordering. In polydisperse systems, the lower molecular weight polymer solubilises larger polymers, leading to shorter weld-times. However, this does not necessarily lead to increased weld strength. Chain stiffness had a tremendous effect on weld strength, with stiff chains oriented normal to the weld plane producing the most interdiffusion and strength development. A modified version of the Sadler/Gilmer model was used to probe interfacial growth kinetics and thermodynamics for forming a polymer crystal. A study of the phase transitions from amorphous polymer to mobile polymer crystal, and then to stable crystal, was undertaken within the context of competing energies of the crystal-amorphous interface and bulk crystalline regions. The model reproduced the theoretical and the experimental results published to date. Given more experimental data, these predictions could be tested even more rigorously.
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Brasile, Claudia. "Users behaviour: the comparison between real and simulated conditions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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The study aims to improve the safety and stability of bicycles, in particular, in adverse weather conditions.
One of the main tasks of the project is to compare the results of the bicycle simulator test conducted at the PICS-L laboratory, at the Gustave Eiffel University in Paris, and the results of a real-life experiment conducted in Stockholm using an instrumented bicycle.
As a first step, the importance of simulators and the state of art of bicycle simulators are presented. Next, the first two tests conducted in the PICS-L laboratory are shown, as a brief introduction to the third one, which is the focus of this research. The third test is divided into experiment and simulation.
The experiment, conducted between the end of 2020 and the beginning of 2021, was carried out by 22 participants. After a description of the instrumented bicycle, the analysis of the participants and the main sensor outputs, speed, power, and cadence, were explained.
After that, the mathematical model used for the realization of the PICS-L laboratory bicycle simulator and its various components are described. The results of the analysis of the simulation and the main outputs are then presented.
Finally, the comparison between the two analyses is reported, with particular attention to the criticalities of the bicycle simulator. It will be possible therefore to estimate the behavioral validity of the simulator. The criticalities of the urban street of Stockholm where the experiment has been carried out are then described.
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Voropaieff, Jean-Pierre. "Modeling and identification of the constitutive behaviour of magneto-rheological elastomers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX051/document.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur une catégorie de matériaux actifs dénommés Elastomères Magnéto-Rhéologiques (EMR). Ces derniers sont composés de particules micrométriques et magnétisables imprégnées dans une matrice élastomère isolante. Il est possible de modifier les propriétés mécaniques de tels matériaux en les soumettant à un champ magnétique externe. Avec pour objectif d’aboutir à une caractérisation couplée (magnéto-mécanique) du comportement des EMRs en grandes déformations et en présence de champs magnétiques élevés, ce travail propose une approche à la fois expérimentale, théorique et numérique.La première partie de ce travail s’intéresse à des aspects expérimentaux où l’influence de la microstructure (isotrope et transverse isotrope) et l’influence de la fraction volumique de particules sont étudiées. Un échantillon dédié est développé afin d’obtenir simultanément des champs mécaniques et magnétiques les plus homogènes possibles dans celui-ci lors d’une caractérisation couplée. La question de l’adhésion interfaciale entre les particules de fer doux et la matrice en silicone est également traitée et il est montré qu’un traitement chimique des particules est nécessaire afin d’éviter toute décohésion avec la matrice lorsque le matériau est soumis à un champ magnétique externe. Avant d’analyser les données obtenues, le dispositif expérimental permettant d’obtenir de manière simultanée une mesure du champ de déformation en trois dimensions et une mesure des champs magnétiques internes, est décrit. Malgré l’ensemble des difficultés expérimentales en grande partie dûes à des phénomènes d’instabilité qui sont omniprésents chez les EMRs, de nombreuses données sont collectées et serviront à la calibration des lois de comportement.La seconde partie de cette thèse couvre la modélisation couplée magnéto-mécanique des EMRs en s’appuyant sur le cadre théorique général des solides magnéto-élastiques proposé par Kankanala, Triantafyllidis et Danas (2004, 2012, 2014). En particulier, la méthode énergétique (qui s’appuie sur l’utilisation d’une fonction d’énergie libre) est préférée et des formulations variationnelles équivalentes (qui diffèrent entre elles simplement par le choix de la variable magnétique indépendante utilisée pour décrire le problème : B, H ou M) sont proposées et implémentées dans des codes numériques 3D s’appuyant sur la méthode des éléments finis. Ces outils numériques sont combinés à la méthode de minimisation des moindres carrés afin d’obtenir l’ensemble des paramètres matériaux du modèle de comportement des EMRs. L’utilisation de simulations numériques est nécessaire car une approche purement analytique ne permettrait pas de modéliser « l’effet de forme » observé expérimentalement. En effet, il est primordial de modéliser ce dernier car dans le cas contraire les paramètres identifiés dépendraient de la forme de l’échantillon expérimental et ne décriraient pas uniquement le matériau.La troisième partie de cette étude décrit en détail l’implémentation numérique des différentes formulations variationnelles proposées précédemment. Dans chacun des cas, il est prouvé que l’utilisation d’éléments isoparamétriques est bien adaptée. De nombreuses difficultés numériques ont été observées dans le cas des formulations variationnelles utilisant le champ de déplacement et le potentiel vecteur magnétique comme variables indépendantes. L’ensemble de ces difficultés (comme par exemple la minimisation de l’énergie potentielle sous la contrainte imposée par la jauge de Coulomb) est surmonté dans ce travail. Avant de décrire les différents problèmes tests utilisés pour s’assurer de la validité et de la précision des codes numériques, les différentes étapes nécessaires à la simulation d’un problème aux limites sont expliquées. Plus précisément, les questions liées aux spécificités des conditions aux limites à appliquer sur le potentiel vecteur magnétique ou encore aux conditions de symétries, sont traitées<br>In this thesis, we study a class of “active materials” called Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) which are ferromagnetic impregnated rubbers whose mechanical properties are altered by the application of external magnetic fields. With the purpose of characterizing the behavior of MREs up to large strains and high magnetic fields, this work brings a completely novel experimental, theoretical and numerical approach.The first part of this study focuses on an experimental investigation of MRE where multiple microstructures (isotropic and transversely isotropic materials) and multiple particles’ volume fraction are tested. A special sample geometry is designed in order to increase the uniformity of internal magnetic and mechanical fields measured during coupled-field experiments. The interfacial adhesion between the iron fillers and the silicone matrix is investigated and we show that when specimens are subjected to external magnetic fields, a silane primer treatment of the particles is needed to prevent debonding at the interface particle/matrix. Then, we present the magneto-mechanical testing setup that allows simultaneous 3D mechanical and magnetic measurements before discussing the results. Even if is found that instabilities are ubiquitous in MREs, lots of useful data are collected and will be used to compute the parameters proposed in the material model.The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the modeling of isotropic MREs. The continuum description proposed by Kankanala, Triantafyllidis and Danas (2004, 2012, 2014) to derive constitutive laws that account for finite strains is used and, in particular, the energetic approach (that requires an energy density function) is chosen. Multiple equivalent variational formulation alternatives (based on different choices of the independent magnetic variable used in the energy function: B, H or M) are given and implemented into 3D finite element (FEM) codes. Based on the use of FEM simulation in combination with least square optimization methods, the previously collected experimental data are fitted and all three energy functions ψB , ψH and ψM are computed. The obtained material model proves to have excellent predictive capabilities when compared to other experiments not used in the fitting process. The use of numerical tools is necessary to make sure that the calculated material parameters are not influenced by the shape of experimental specimens.The last part of this work details the numerical implementation of the different variational formulations. For each one of them, it is found that isoparametric elements are well suited to simulate coupled magneto-mechanical boundary value problems. We show that special care is needed when implementing variational formulations using the displacement vector and the magnetic vector potential as independent variables. Indeed, ensuring the uniqueness of the vector potential requires to numerically enforce the Coulomb gauge, which leads to numerical complications that are addressed in this thesis. Before describing the different patch tests that have been considered to validate the numerical codes, we show which are the valid boundary conditions for the magnetic vector potential and how to use the symmetry properties of a given boundary value problem to reduce its complexity and the computational resources needed to solve it
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Serluca, Alberto. "Behavioural Cloning in Ambiente Simulato con Reti Neurali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15711/.
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Questa tesi descrive lo studio e l’implementazione di un sistema basilare di autopilota in cui vengano coniugati aspetti di Computer Graphics e tecnologie innovative del Machine Learning, nello specifico il "Behavioural Cloning", una metodologia di apprendimento supervisionato in cui le capacità cognitive possono essere carpite e riprodotte da un programma, attraverso l’imitazione. Perché ciò avvenga è necessario possedere un record di una serie di azioni logiche che un soggetto ha precedentemente registrato e memorizzato. Il programma di apprendimento utilizza queste informazioni per costruire una funzione che mappi l’input di un certo stato, al suo corrispondente output. In questa tesi si vedono questi principi applicati alla creazione di un veicolo virtuale a guida autonoma, e se ne descrivono le caratteristiche, sperimentando con nuove strategie e migliorie applicate al modello neurale.
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Rabbani, Khawar. "Material behaviour modelling for finite element crash simulation." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430363.
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Novik, Keir Erik. "Simulation of fluid behaviour using dissipative particle dynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621679.
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Appiah, Joseph. "Modelling and simulation of car following driving behaviour." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1253614.
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Driver behaviour has become an important aspect of transport research and over the years a considerable number of car following models have been developed. However, many of these models do not accurately simulate actual driving behaviour due to a lack of suitable qualitative and quantitative data. Moreover, the inclusion of socioeconomic variables in the existing models to ascertain the effect on car following behaviour is lacking. This research underlines the need to further investigate driving behaviour and car following models and to develop techniques to provide a better understanding of driver-vehicle interactions during car following. It investigates data collection techniques and develop better techniques to enhance and improve the collection of microscopic driver behaviour and traffic flow data. This study developed a novel data collection technique which involved instrumenting a private vehicle with front and rear advanced radar sensors, both forward and rear facing video-audio recorders connected to GPS based time series speed and distance measurement devices, an in-vehicle computer logging vehicle speed and a CAN monitoring interface user program to provide real time monitoring and display of data. This system has been utilised to collect a more enhanced and reliable microscopic driver behaviour data in three consecutive vehicles movements which represents an improvement from previously used systems. Three different versions of the GHR car following model were produced for: car following car, truck following car and car following truck. Further analysis of the GHR model showed that in the case of car following car, car drivers responses to the lead car are more obviously stronger than in the case of truck following a car. A distance-based car following model and distance-based two-leader car following model that predict the safe following distance of following vehicles were developed to provide a better understanding of driver behaviour. An extension of these models to include gender, corridor (road) type and vehicle occupancy showed evidence of statistical significance of these variables on driver behaviour. A bus following model that predicts the “following distance” also has been calibrated to describe the interactions between a bus and a car within urban-rural driving conditions. In addition, data analysis showed that drivers were inconsistent with their driving behaviour and that there was variability in driving behaviour across the drivers observed in keeping a safe or desired following distance. This study provides a platform for a number of future research agendas including data collection techniques for collection of driver behaviour data; evaluation of different ITS technologies; impact assessment of ACC on driver safety and improvement of traffic microscopic simulation tools in order to strengthen their ability to simulate realistic transport problems for efficient and effective transportation systems.
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Agiriga, E. I. "A multiagent based simulation framework for mammalian behaviour." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004462/.
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The primary aim of mammalian behaviour simulation is to allow “behaviourologists” to extend their current knowledge without needing to resort to expensive and intrusive real life experimentation. A useful mechanism for realising mammalian behaviour simulation is provided by the idea of Multi-Agent Based Simulation (MABS) where each "player" in a simulation is represented by an agent with a particular set of features or capabilities. This thesis proposed the Mammalian Behaviour MABS (MBMABS) framework. The fundamental idea presented in this thesis is that each mammal featured in the simulation can be modelled as an agent that has a set of desires and a set of behaviours. The desires may be static, in that they do not change for the duration of a simulation, or dynamic in that they change with time during a simulation (influenced by some internal or external event). In the work presented behaviours are modelled using the concept of a behaviour graph comprised of vertices representing states and edges indicating possible state changes. State changes occur as a result of an agent completing some self-appointed task or as a result of some external event. Each state has one or more predefined potential follow on states. Where there is more than one follow on state selection is made according to a weighted random selection process. The weightings are derived dynamically according to individual agent’s desires. A particular novel element of the proposed approach is that it features a degree of randomness, agents will not behave in the same manner on each occasion that a simulation is run. The operation of the MBMABS framework is illustrated in this thesis using a collection of mouse behaviour case studies, in which real mice are represented as individual agents. The reported evaluation of the case studies demonstrated that the proposed framework readily supports rodent behaviour simulations. The reported evaluation also indicated that the proposed simulation framework readily allows users to observe the behaviour of the simulated entities. More specifically the evaluation of the simulations was conducted by: (i) comparing the operation of the proposed MBMABS with video data, (ii) visual observation and (iii) reference to domain experts. The MBMABS experiments conducted using video data successfully indicated that there was a similarity in the behaviour of mouse agents operating within the framework and real life mice (as recorded using video data). Mouse behaviour such as thigmotaxis and nest site selection was observed in both the simulation and video. The evaluation also indicated that the MBMABS framework readily supported the addition of states and desires. However, is was also noted that: (i) as the number of states increased the behaviour graph became more complex and difficult to visualise and (ii) as the number of agents interacting with the behaviour graph increased, the performance of the proposed framework was also affected in the sense that it required more resources to operate optimally.
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Fortes, Neto Amyr Borges. "Giving emotional contagion ability to virtual agents in Crowds." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7769.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-09<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Modelos de simula??o de multid?es t?m tido um papel importante em ci?ncias da computa??o j? h? algumas d?cadas desde os trabalhos pioneiros. No in?cio, agentes simulados em multid?es comportavam-se todos da mesma maneira, e tal comportamento era controlado pelas mesmas regras em todos os agentes. Com o tempo, os modelos de simula??o evoluiram, e come?aram a agregar
uma maior variedade de comportamentos nos agentes. Modelos de simula??o de multid?es que implementam diferentes comportamentos nos agentes s?o chamados modelos de Multid?es Heterog?neas, em oposi??o aos modelos de Multid?es Homog?neas precedentes. Modelos de simula??o de multid?es que buscam criar agentes com comportamentos humanos realistas exploram heterogeneidade nos comportamentos dos agentes, na tentativa de atingir tal realismo. Em geral, estudos em psicologia e comportamento humano s?o usados como conhecimento de base, e os comportamentos
observados nestes estudos s?o simulados em agentes virtuais. Nesta dire??o, trabalhos recentes em simula??o de multid?es exploram caracter?sticas de personalidade e modelos de emo??es. No campo de emo??es em agentes virtuais, pesquisadores est?o tentando recriar fen?menos de cont?gio de emo??es em pequenos grupos de agentes, ou mesmo estudar o impacto de cont?gio de emo??o
entre agentes virtuais e participantes humanos. Sob a cren?a de que cont?gio de emo??o em agentes virtuais possa levar a comportamentos mais realistas em multi?es, este trabalho foca em recriar modelos computacionais de cont?gio de emo??es destinados a pequenos grupos de agentes, adaptando estes modelos para um contexto de simula??o de multid?es.<br>Crowd simulation models have been playing an important role in computer sciences for a few
decades now, since pioneer works. At the beginning, agents simulated on crowds behaved all the
same way, such behaviour being controlled by the same set of rules. In time, simulation models
evolved and began to incorporate greater variety of behaviours. Crowd simulation models that
implement different agent behaviours are so-called Heterogeneous Crowd models, opposing to former
Homogeneous Crowd models. Advances in crowd simulation models that attempt to make agents
with more realistic human-like behaviours explore heterogeneity of agent behaviours in order to
achieve overall simulation realism. In general, human behavioural and psychological studies are
used as base of knowledge to simulate observed human behaviours within virtual agents. Toward
this direction, later crowd simulation works explore personality traits and emotion models. Some
other work in the field of emotional virtual agents, researchers are attempting to recreate emotion
contagion phenomena in small groups of agents, and even studying emotion contagion impact
between virtual agents and human participants. Under the belief that emotion contagion in virtual
agents might lead to more realistic behaviours on crowds, this work is focused on recreating emotion
contagion computational models designed for small groups of agents, and adapting it for crowd
simulation context.
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Zhang, Yi. "Simulation of emotional behaviours for virtual agents with personalities." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2023.
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We have proposed an improved emotion model based on the well-known PAD model in affective computing and the NEO PI-R personality model in psychology. A novel parameter Emotion Intensity (EI) is proposed to represent different strength of anger, disgust, fear, happiness and sadness. Another novel Resistant formulation is also proposed to effectively simulate the complicated negative emotions. Eight experiments are conducted to simulate different emotional responses under different stimuli with different personality traits.
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Jackson, Andrew N. "Structural phase behaviour via Monte Carlo techniques." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4850.
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There are few reliable computational techniques applicable to the problem of structural phase behaviour. This is starkly emphasised by the fact that there are still a number of unanswered questions concerning the solid state of some of the simplest models of matter. To determine the phase behaviour of a given system we invoke the machinery of statistical physics, which identifies the equilibrium phase as that which minimises the free-energy. This type of problem can only be dealt with fully via numerical simulation, as any less direct approach will involve making some uncontrolled approximation. In particular, a numerical simulation can be used to evaluate the free-energy difference between two phases if the simulation is free to visit them both. However, it has proven very difficult to find an algorithm which is capable of efficiently exploring two different phases, particularly when one or both of them is a crystalline solid. This thesis builds on previous work (Physical Review Letters 79 p.3002), exploring a new Monte Carlo approach to this class of problem. This new simulation technique uses a global coordinate transformation to switch between two different crystalline structures. Generally, this `lattice switch' is found to be extremely unlikely to succeed in a normal Monte Carlo simulation. To overcome this, extended-sampling techniques are used to encourage the simulation to visit `gateway' microstates where the switch will be successful. After compensating for this bias in the sampling, the free-energy difference between the two structures can be evaluated directly from their relative probabilities. As concrete examples on which to base the research, the lattice-switch Monte Carlo method is used to determine the free-energy difference between the face-centred cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases of two generic model systems --- the hard-sphere and Lennard-Jones potentials. The structural phase behaviour of the hard-sphere solid is determined at densities near melting and in the close-packed limit. The factors controlling the efficiency of the lattice-switch approach are explored, as is the character of the `gateway' microstates. The face-centred cubic structure is identified as the thermodynamically stable phase, and the free-energy difference between the two structures is determined with high precision. These results are shown to be in complete agreement with the results of other authors in the field (published during the course of this work), some of whom adopted the lattice-switch method for their calculations. Also, the results are favourably compared against the experimentally observed structural phase behaviour of sterically-stabilised colloidal dispersions, which are believed to behave like systems of hard spheres. The logical extension of the hard sphere work is to generalise the lattice-switch technique to deal with `softer' systems, such as the Lennard-Jones solid. The results in the literature for the structural phase behaviour of this relatively simple system are found to be completely inconsistent. A number of different approaches to this problem are explored, leading to the conclusion that these inconsistencies arise from the way in which the potential is truncated. Using results for the ground-state energies and from the harmonic approximation, we develop a new truncation scheme which allows this system to be simulated accurately and efficiently. Lattice-switch Monte Carlo is then used to determine the fcc-hcp phase boundary of the Lennard-Jones solid in its entirety. These results are compared against the experimental results for the Lennard-Jones potential's closest physical analogue, the rare-gas solids. While some of the published rare-gas observations are in approximate agreement with the lattice-switch results, these findings contradict the widely held belief that fcc is the equilibrium structure of the heavier rare-gas solids for all pressures and temperatures. The possible reasons for this disagreement are discussed. Finally, we examine the pros and cons of the lattice-switch technique, and explore ways in which it can be extended to cover an even wider range of structures and interactions.
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Headleand, Christopher J. "Simulating ethical behaviour in virtual characters." Thesis, Bangor University, 2016. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/simulating-ethical-behaviour-in-virtual-characters(03c1d718-bfe8-47aa-9b3d-f37100682fc0).html.
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The goal of virtual human simulation is to produce behaviour which is visually indistinguishable from reality. However, while various aspects of human behaviour have been extensively explored, there has been little research into behaviour motivated by moral objectives. Virtual characters are often simulated in charged environments, where rational behaviour is greatly challenged and in reality moral judgement plays a significant role. This thesis explores and presents novel solutions to the problem of simulating ethical behaviour. The research is presented in three stages. In the first, a reactive approach to the simulation of ethics inspired by Braitenberg’s Vehicles is described. This is achieved by iteratively augmenting a Type 3 Vehicle with new sensorimotor connections to produce further emergent results. The approach was capable of producing behaviour which was consistent with various normative specifications. Although successful, the Braitenberg Vehicle approach yields behaviour which is visually robotic. This is explored in the second stage of the research where a novel method for modelling affective behaviour is presented. In the third stage, a new architecture for the simulation and modelling of ethical behaviour called Trilogy is presented. This approach, inspired by classical and contemporary tripatriate theories of thought, serves as a computational substrate to bring together the ethical and affective simulation methods previously developed in stages one and two. Two experiments are conducted to evaluate the architecture where participants observed videos of simulated behaviour. The first experiment tests the hypothesis that the inclusion of affective states make an agent’s ethical behaviour more believable, and this was demonstrated to be the case. The second experiment compares the behaviour of the ethical agents against agents which are not ethically motivated. The results of both experiments demonstrate that the approach is capable of producing visually ethical behaviour beyond chance accuracy.
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Danqing, Ni, Sun Zao, and Chen Junwei. "On Time Discrete Simulation of cooperative Vehicle's Kinematic Behaviour." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-20104.
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The vehicle plays an important role in peoples life in modern times. The vehi- cle's behaviour is a complex and detailed subject, which requiring the knowledge of mathematics and physics. Meanwhile, the vehicles' behaviour is aected by a lot of dierent conditions, such as the driver and the environment. For the purpose of trac safety, simulation is required to analyze the vehicles' behaviour. Vari- eties of behaviour models, based on dierent levels (Macroscopic, Mesoscopic and Microscopic) have been presented. Vehicles are able to interact with each other through the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). It is worthwhile to simulate how the behaviour is aected by an exchange of kinematic data. This thesis presents a new simulator, which is designed at microscopic level, based on the graph theory. Not only dierent vehicles' behaviour, but also coop- eration between vehicles can be implemented in the simulator. A new model of collision avoidance is created, incorporating the concept of kinematics and human emulation. The car-following model is also performed for the formation of trac ow. Overall, the modeling in the simulator is simplied by ignoring the network disturbances. The data collected from the results of the simulation is used to display a scenario as visualization of a vehicles behaviour.
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Ridley, Philip Harold William. "Finite element simulation of the micromagnetic behaviour of nanoelements." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312408.
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Gray, Robert A. "Computer simulation of limiting shear stress behaviour in lubricants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13948.
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Ozinsky, Alison Emslie. "Mathematical simulation of dynamic behaviour of secondary settling tanks." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8453.
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Includes bibliogaphical references.<br>The main objective of this thesis was to bring the theoretical and practical aspects of secondary settling tank developments closer together. This was achieved firstly, by evaluating and developing empirical relationships from which the flux theory constants may be derived from simpler sludge settleability measures; and secondly, by developing a computer model for the simulation of dynamic behaviour of full scale secondary settling tanks. The model was initially developed for and tested on laboratory scale data. It was then calibrated with full scale data and used to verify the flux theory by comparing the simulated predictions and the measured results. The simulations demonstrated that a calibrated and verified dynamic settling tank model based on the flux theory and incorporating various refinements such as turbulent diffusivity implicitly encompasses such features of secondary settling tank behaviour such as maximum underflow concentration and sludge storage concentration and capacity. It was concluded that the simulation program is an improvement on previous simulation programs based purely on the steady state flux theory and should be used as a starting point for developing design theories based on the flux theory.
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Paksarsawan, Sompong. "The development of queuing simulation procedures for traffic in Bangkok." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364645.
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Sun, Q. "A generic approach to modelling individual behaviours in crowd simulation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30771/.
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Crowd simulation has been widely used to simulate crowd dynamics and their behaviours. However, majority of existing studies can only simulate a specific scenario or behaviour. Although recent developments have attempted to integrate different individual behaviours in order to achieve a more realistic simulation result, it is still very complex and those crowd models often require significant modifications. This study is therefore aimed to develop a generic crowd model, which provides the flexibility to configure and represent different scenarios, as well as the ability to demonstrate individual differences on crowd behaviours. The theoretical principle of the proposed crowd model is based on the combination of force-based modelling and agent-based modelling. A unified core mathematical formula, which contains seven key parameters, is developed to represent the generic behaviour effects. In addition, a Behaviour Library is developed to present a set of basic behaviours by using the unified formula and subsequently, more complex behaviours could be formed by combining the basic behaviours. The proposed crowd model is implemented in a simulation environment by using Microsoft XNA framework. A number of well-known crowd behaviours are tested with the crowd model for validation. The proposed crowd model is further validated by simulating real life experiments and comparing its results. This research study presents a novel approach to simulate crowd behaviour at individual level by introducing a generic crowd model that can be configured into specific scenarios. It introduces a theoretical concept, through which different behaviour effects could be quantified by a unified mathematical formula. As a result, crowd modelling and simulation of different scenarios can be significantly simplified. For future work, the proposed crowd model can be tested under complex environment in order to fine-tune its theoretical model and to expand the Behaviour Library.
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Olofsson, Jakob. "Microstructure-based Mechanical Behaviour in Structural Analyses of Cast Components." Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Material och tillverkning – Gjutning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19127.
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In the process of developing cast iron and cast aluminium components, the co-operation between product development and production is important. On the engineering level, this co-operation is limited already in the product development phase e.g. by the lack of established methods to consider the mechanical behaviour of the completed component. This thesis aims to increase the possibilities for co-operation in the product realisation process between product development and production by enabling the use of predicted local mechanical behaviour in structural analyses of cast components. A literature review on existing simulation methods and a work on characterization of mechanical behaviour from microstructural features are performed to identify important knowledge gaps. A simulation strategy is formulated that is able to predict local mechanical behaviour throughout the entire component and incorporate the behaviour into a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the structural behaviour of the component. In the simulation strategy, the component specific microstructure-based mechanical behaviour is predicted using a casting process simulation. A computer program is developed to create FEM material definitions that capture the local variations in mechanical behaviour throughout the component. The relevance of the simulation strategy is demonstrated for a ductile iron component. It is found that the local variations in mechanical behaviour result in a stress-strain distribution in the component that a homogeneous material description fails to express. Residual stresses affect the mechanical behaviour at low loads. At higher loads, however, the accuracy of the simulation is determined by the local variations in mechanical behaviour. Using a material reduction technique, the local mechanical behaviour can be incorporated without increasing the FEM simulation time.
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Di, Martino Raffaele. "Modelling and simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the automobile." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736040.
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This study, carried out in cooperation with ESSAIM, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées pour l'Ingénieur, Mulhouse in France, was aimed at developing accurate mathematical models of some types of tyre, in order to analyze their influence on vehicle dynamics. The complete vehicle was studied under dynamic conditions, to quantify the influence of all factors, such as rolling forces, aerodynamic forces and many others, acting on their components on torque distribution and vehicle dynamics. Mathematical models for two common types of vehicle, namely front and rear wheel drive, each ones equipped with the different types of tyre, were developed. Both models were used to simulate the behaviour of a real vehicle, developing complete simulation software, developed in Matlab-Simulink environment at MIPS, Modélisation Intelligence Processus Systèmes. Therefore, this car model, running on a straight and curve track, was also developed, to get a qualitative insight of the influence of these kinds of interactions on traction capabilities. The software, used to simulate some dynamics manoeuvres, shows up the basic behaviour of vehicle dynamics.
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Harris, Carl John. "A generic simulation model for analysis of aircraft undercarriage behaviour." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323405.
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Marrison, Claire. "The simulation of emergency escape behaviour : an innovation in methodology." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292307.
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Wang, Tianjiao. "Study of pedestrian-vehicle interaction behaviour by microscopic simulation modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348871/.
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Walking is healthy, environmentally beneficial and sustainable to human society. Travellers increasingly are being encouraged to walk more. However, pedestrians’ interaction with motorised vehicles is a major constraint to their movement. Many innovative treatments have been developed to balance the two modes. Proper methods are required to evaluate and compare performances of different treatments to support decision making. Micro-simulation is a useful supplementary tool for such evaluation and comparison studies for its cost-effectiveness and non-intrusiveness. However, there is a significant gap between capabilities of existing simulation models and practical needs. New understandings of the Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction (PVI) behaviour and corresponding micro-simulation models are required to conduct micro-simulation studies of the interaction process between the two modes to derive new knowledge of the mixed traffic. This dissertation presents the development and application of a micro-simulation model, PVISIM (Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction SIMulation), to study PVI behaviour in a range of circumstances in an urban street environment. Key contributions relate to the collection of a substantial data base, development and validation of the model, an appreciation of the value of the approach and new understandings of PVI behaviour. A series of studies to measure behaviour based on the data collected in Beijing, China have been detailed. Intra vehicle and pedestrian behaviour models were developed and validated separately, incorporating the best available understandings from existing published studies and in accordance with the specific local data. The two modes were integrated by interpreting new findings from the study of microscopic interaction behaviour of the two modes. The complete model was validated against field data independent of those used in model development, covering a number of typical scenarios, including both unsignalised and signalised situations. The validated model was applied to study a typical unsignalised scenario by analysing system performances under different combinations of vehicular traffic and pedestrian crossing demand, in terms of efficiency, safety and environmental impact. Also, operations of different treatments including no-control, Zebra crossing, fixed-time signal crossing and Puffin crossing at two typical types of locations were compared. Interpretations and recommendations were given for each application. The results can be used to supplement existing guidelines for pedestrian related problems, and also contribute to the knowledge base to incorporate pedestrians into current micro-simulation tools in a more realistic way.
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Aronsson, Karin F. M. "Speed characteristics of urban streets based on driver behaviour studies and simulation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Division of transport och logistics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4259.
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Ahlström, Anders. "Simulating Dynamical Behaviour of Wind Power Structures." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1479.
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<p>The workin this thesis deals with the development of anaeroelastic simulation tool for horizontal axis wind turbineapplications.</p><p>Horizontal axiswind turbines can experience significanttime varying aerodynamic loads, potentially causing adverseeffects on structures, mechanical components, and powerproduction. The need of computational and experimentalprocedures for investigating aeroelastic stability and dynamicresponse have increased as wind turbines become lighter andmore flexible.</p><p>A finite element model for simulation of the dynamicresponse of horizontal axis wind turbines has been developed.The simulations are performed using the commercial finiteelement software SOLVIA, which is a program developed forgeneral analyses, linear as well as non-linear, static as wellas dynamic. The aerodynamic model, used to transform the windflow field to loads on the blades, is a Blade- Element/Momentummodel. The aerodynamic code is developed by FFA (TheAeronautical Research Institute of Sweden) and is astate-of-the-art code incorporating a number of extensions tothe Blade-Element/Momentum formulation. SOSIS-W, developed byTeknikgruppen AB was used to develop wind time series formodelling different wind conditions.</p><p>The model is rather general, and different configurations ofthe structural model and various type of wind conditions couldeasily be simulated. The model is primarily intended for use asa research tool when influences of specific dynamic effects areinvestigated.</p><p>Simulation results for the three-bladed wind turbine Danwin180 kW are presented as a verification example.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>aeroelastic modelling, rotor aerodynamics,structural dynamics, wind turbine, AERFORCE, SOSIS-W,SOLVIA</p>
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Israelsson, Markus. "Simulating crowd behaviour in an emergency situation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97854.
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In this thesis we have tried to simulate a crowd of humans in emergency situations. Based on previous research we have implemented a system that simulate human crowds in emergency situations. In this system each crowd member (called agents) is affected by forces from the surrounding environment which direct the movement of each agent. The forces can be either real physical forces or they can be psychological forces that represents humans tendency to stay a certain distance from inanimate obstacles and other crowd members. In our system the crowd can consist of different populations separated by average values of the properties each agent in the crowd has. The properties are easy to modify and are used as a way of modeling individuality for each agent. Changing properties changes the outcome of a simulation. The results are saved in a file that can be used for further analysis. Our most important result is that we have been able to use our system to make conclusions about real life crowd behaviour and also seen crowd effects in our simulations that are apparent in real life. Some of the results shows that in crowds where people try to help each other escape more people will survive. A crowd effect observed is arch like formations around doors. These formations breaks which let some people escape then the arch reforms and the pattern is repeated. This is particularly visible when the average speed of the crowd members is high. Our system still lacks some functionality which would allow easier use of the system and more accurate simulations.
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Stenlund, Pontus. "Simulating Realistic Ragdoll Behaviour In Physical Situations." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74832.
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When trying to make a game character come alive and add some sense of realism to a game, it can be done in multiple ways. Animating a 3D model is the commonly used one and it is usually done by hand. The artist moves the model's limbs bit by bit to make small animation clips that are then played in the game. This has a few drawbacks, it's time consuming and depending on what the character is doing in the game it won't always look accurate. Ragdolls can be used together with animations to help bring more realism to the model. Together with animation and colliders on the model limbs, it can simulate when the models limbs interact with objects on the screen. It can also simulate physical responses that happen. But some problems still remain that can't be solved by ragdolls and animation alone. One example is the foot position when a character walking up or down sloped terrain. The foot can clip through the terrain and destroy the sence realism, however ragdolls together with inverse kinematics can solve such problems.
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Wood, Jared Anthony. "Self-assembly and Phase Behaviour of Colloidal Nanorods." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25756.
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Colloidal nanorods are a fascinating and useful material. Their small size and anisotropic shape give them unique optical, electronic and mechanical properties. However, to make full use of these properties they need to be assembled into an ordered structure.
To assemble the rods, it is important to control the conditions, otherwise disordered aggregates or misaligned micro-domains may be form, removing the anisotropy. Consequently, understanding these assemblies and what affects their structure is vital.
This thesis aims to characterise the self-assembly behaviour of nanorods and their ordered assemblies. We look at the structure of the assemblies that form, focusing on the number of layers and how it affects the structure.
We also investigate the nucleation pathway by which a disordered set of rods transforms into an ordered crystalline assembly, again looking at the structure of the cluster, identifying monolayers as the preferred nucleus and characterising the free energy changes of the pathway.
We then characterise the types of assemblies that can be formed by Janus nanorods which are attractive on one part of the rod and repulsive on the other, noting the formation of trapped disordered monolayers and no thermodynamically independent micelle phase.
Finally, we look at the phenomena of chiral twisted platelets, seen in viral capsid assemblies and identify the driving forces causing the platelet's edges to twist, despite being achiral.
We used Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics for these simulations, and several different models for our system: an explicit polymer model, where the polymer is modelled as self-penetrating spheres, implicit models, where a pair potential represents the polymer and a square-well bead model where the rod is represented by a set of interacting spheres.
We also use biased sampling techniques such as umbrella sampling, to properly characterise nucleation pathways, multi-body effects and the impact of assembly structure on the free energy.
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Berryman, Joshua. "Predicting and Understanding Amyloid Behaviour Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502790.
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Limsäter, Fredrik. "REACT - Crowd Simulation System for Visual Effects." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4737.
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<p>By using existing knowledge from the game community, which have had a long experience from game artificial intelligence, and new research</p><p>from the field of artificial intelligence I have implemented REACT, a crowd simulation system for visual effects. REACT is based on high-level behaviour that uses an underlying layer of low-level behaviour. The high-level capabilities gives the digital character means to reasoning about how to achieve certain goals based on a knowledge base of rules and facts that are present in the virtual world. This gives the digital character a degree of autonomous intelligent behaviour.</p><p>REACT is designed to integrate directly into the 3D animation package Maya as a plug-in. This means that the animators can continue to animate their characters via their animation package of choice, rather than having to learn a new technology. In addition, many animators are already familiar with the workflow of Maya, so learning curves are reduced.</p><p>REACT is already in use in the visual effects industry where it has proven itself to be a worthy competitor to the existing systems on the market.</p>