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Pounder, J. S. "A Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales Approach to Institutional Self-assessment in Higher Education." Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 25, no. 2 (2000): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713611422.
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Pounder, James S. "Organisational self-assessment in higher education: experimenting with the competing values model and behaviourally anchored rating scales." Research in Post-Compulsory Education 4, no. 1 (1999): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13596749900200045.
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Devcich, Daniel A., Jennifer Weller, Simon J. Mitchell, et al. "A behaviourally anchored rating scale for evaluating the use of the WHO surgical safety checklist: development and initial evaluation of the WHOBARS." BMJ Quality & Safety 25, no. 10 (2015): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004448.
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JOHNSON, DAVID, and ROSA MA. "RECOGNISING ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL IN GRADUATE BUSINESS START-UPS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BEHAVIOURALLY BASED ASSESSMENT TOOL." Journal of Enterprising Culture 02, no. 02 (1994): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000203.
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This paper presents the initial results of an investigation oriented towards developing a Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) system to assess the entrepreneurial potential of individuals who are either running their own business or are in the process of considering start-up. A review of the literature identified seven dimensions as necessary, if not exhaustive, attributes of a successful entrepreneur. They are vision, internal locus of control, achievement orientation, calculated risk taking, need for autonomy, creativity and innovativeness, and opportunistic. Previous psychological studies have focused primarily upon personality traits, attitudes, and more recently upon cognitive representations. The actual behaviour of the entrepreneur has been excluded from the analysis. The methodology developed within this paper seeks to overcome this deficit by developing the above mentioned BARS. 16 graduates who are at various stages in the business start-up process were interviewed and data collected regarding the performance of the business. The interview was structured around critical incidents in the recent history of the business and focused specifically upon the individual responses in terms of the seven core dimensions. The interviews were video recorded and transcribed. Assessments of the performance of the business were made by a number of independent assessors who rated each of the sample in terms of progress and success. Initial findings indicate that the BARS do provide a valid measure of entrepreneurial potential as individuals who scored highly upon the BARS were those whose businesses were performing more successfully. As such, BARS could prove to be a very useful tool for research purposes and also in the selection and training of owner-managers and entrepreneurs. A longitudinal investigation is currently in preparation.
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Medvedev, Oleg N., Alan F. Merry, Carmen Skilton, Derryn A. Gargiulo, Simon J. Mitchell, and Jennifer M. Weller. "Examining reliability of WHOBARS: a tool to measure the quality of administration of WHO surgical safety checklist using generalisability theory with surgical teams from three New Zealand hospitals." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (2019): e022625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022625.
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ObjectivesTo extend reliability of WHO Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (WHOBARS) to measure the quality of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist administration using generalisability theory. In this context, extending reliability refers to establishing generalisability of the tool scores across populations of teams and raters by accounting for the relevant sources of measurement errors.DesignCross-sectional random effect measurement design assessing surgical teams by the five items on the three Checklist phases, and at three sites by two trained raters simultaneously.SettingThe data were collected in three tertiary hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand in 2016 and included 60 teams observed in 60 different cases with an equal number of teams (n=20) per site. All elective and acute cases (adults and children) involving surgery under general anaesthesia during normal working hours were eligible.ParticipantsThe study included 243 surgical staff members, 138 (50.12%) women.Main outcome measureAbsolute generalisability coefficient that accounts for variance due to items, phases, sites and raters for the WHOBARS measure of the quality of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist administration.ResultsThe WHOBARS in its present form has demonstrated good generalisability of scores across teams and raters (G absolute=0.83). The largest source of measurement error was the interaction between the surgical team and the rater, accounting for 16.7% (95% CI 16.4 to 16.9) of the total variance in the data. Removing any items from the WHOBARS led to a decrease in the overall reliability of the instrument.ConclusionsAssessing checklist administration quality is important for promoting improvement in its use, and WHOBARS offers a reliable approach for doing this.
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Rushmer, Rosemary K., Mandy Cheetham, Lynda Cox, et al. "Research utilisation and knowledge mobilisation in the commissioning and joint planning of public health interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms: a qualitative case design using a cocreation approach." Health Services and Delivery Research 3, no. 33 (2015): 1–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr03330.
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BackgroundConsiderable resources are spent on research to establish what works to improve the nation’s health. If the findings from this research are used, better health outcomes can follow, but we know that these findings are not always used. In public health, evidence of what works may not ‘fit’ everywhere, making it difficult to know what to do locally. Research suggests that evidence use is a social and dynamic process, not a simple application of research findings. It is unclear whether it is easier to get evidence used via a legal contracting process or within unified organisational arrangements with shared responsibilities.ObjectiveTo work in cocreation with research participants to investigate how research is utilised and knowledge mobilised in the commissioning and planning of public health services to reduce alcohol-related harms.Design, setting and participantsTwo in-depth, largely qualitative, cross-comparison case studies were undertaken to compare real-time research utilisation in commissioning across a purchaser–provider split (England) and in joint planning under unified organisational arrangements (Scotland) to reduce alcohol-related harms. Using an overarching realist approach and working in cocreation, case study partners (stakeholders in the process) picked the topic and helped to interpret the findings. In Scotland, the topic picked was licensing; in England, it was reducing maternal alcohol consumption.MethodsSixty-nine interviews, two focus groups, 14 observations of decision-making meetings, two local feedback workshops (n = 23 andn = 15) and one national workshop (n = 10) were undertaken. A questionnaire (n = 73) using a Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale was issued to test the transferability of the 10 main findings. Given the small numbers, care must be taken in interpreting the findings.FindingsNot all practitioners have the time, skills or interest to work in cocreation, but when there was collaboration, much was learned. Evidence included professional and tacit knowledge, and anecdotes, as well as findings from rigorous research designs. It was difficult to identify evidence in use and decisions were sometimes progressed in informal ways and in places we did not get to see. There are few formal evidence entry points. Evidence (prevalence and trends in public health issues) enters the process and is embedded in strategic documents to set priorities, but local data were collected in both sites to provide actionable messages (sometimes replicating the evidence base).ConclusionsTwo mid-range theories explain the findings. If evidence hassaliency(relates to ‘here and now’ as opposed to ‘there and then’) andimmediacy(short, presented verbally or visually and with emotional appeal) it is more likely to be used in both settings. A second mid-range theory explains how differing tensions pull and compete as feasible and acceptable local solutions are pursued across stakeholders. Answering what works depends on answering for whom and where simultaneously to find workable (if temporary) ‘blends’. Gaining this agreement across stakeholders appeared more difficult across the purchaser–provider split, because opportunities to interact were curtailed; however, more research is needed.FundingThis study was funded by the Health Services and Delivery Research programme of the National Institute for Health Research.
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Tariot, Pierre N. "CERAD Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (1997): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003542.
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In the absence of a standardized technique for reliably and comprehensively describing changes in behavioral disturbances of dementia, the Behavioral Pathology Committee of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) sought to develop a scale that could be used to evaluate a wide range of psychopathologic signs and symptoms in patients with differing severity of dementia. The goal of the committee was to develop a scale composed of well-anchored, homogeneously scaled items that could be administered by interviewers without extensive psychiatric training.
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Murphy, Kevin R., and Virginia A. Pardaffy. "Bias in Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales: Global or scale-specific?" Journal of Applied Psychology 74, no. 2 (1989): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.343.
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Hoffman, Calvin C., C. Chy Tashima, and Gypsi Luck. "Using a Difficulty-Anchored Rating Scale in Performing Angoff Ratings." International Journal of Selection and Assessment 18, no. 4 (2010): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2010.00522.x.
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Dharma Putra, Yogiswara, I. Nyoman Satya Kumara, Ni Wayan Sri Ariyani, and Ida Bagus Alit Swamardika. "Literature Review Analisis Kinerja SDM Menggunakan Metode Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 20, no. 1 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2021.v20i01.p12.
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Sumber daya manusia merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam sebuah organisasi yang mampu memberikan pengaruh besar pada organisasi. Pengembangan sumber daya manusia harus diukur untuk meningkatkan dan mencapai tujuan organisasi dalam menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Kinerja merupakan sesuatu yang dapat diukur dengan memberikan potensi dan kemampuan dalam menciptakan hasil dari tindakan yang dikerjakan. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kinerja dari sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki sebuah organisasi perlu dilakukan penilaian terkait kinerja atau kontribusi dari SDM tersebut. BARS adalah suatu metode dalam penilaian kinerja yang berdasarkan pada perilaku dari masing-masing individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan dari metode BARS dalam menilai tingkat kinerja pada organisasi swasta dan negeri. Hasil yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode BARS lebih banyak digunakan pada organisasi swasta dibandingkan dengan organsisasi negeri. Nilai yang ditunjukkan beberapa organisasi swasta lebih signifikan karena sudah mencapai dan hampir mendapatkan nilai tertinggi yang berarti melebihi tingkat nilai BARS dalam penilaian. Dalam hal ini organisasi swasta dan negeri memiliki harapan agar dapat menerapkan motivasi dan konstribusi yang baik dari setiap sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki agar mencapai tujuan dari organisasi.
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Fox, Lynn E., Mary A. Andrews, and James Andrews. "Self-Anchored Rating Scales: Creating Partnerships for Post-Aphasia Change." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 22, no. 1 (2012): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld22.1.18.
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The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique used by systemic family counselors that has been applied to treating speech and language disorders, most recently aphasia. SARS aids the clinician in understanding the lived experience of the person with aphasia and members of his or her social support network. Skilled use of SARS helps people with aphasia and their families identify reasonable therapy goals and shows how their opinions and actions contribute to achieving those goals. In this article, we describe five steps in the SARS process, as well as specific counseling techniques that help the clinician involve the person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. Case study data illustrate outcomes for one family, showing improvement in behaviors identified as important by a client, the client's spouse, and their clinician.
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Conway, Pat, and Martha Ellison. "The Development of a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale for Master's Student Evaluations of Field Instructors." Clinical Supervisor 13, no. 1 (1995): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j001v13n01_08.
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신태섭. "Development and Validation of a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale for Peer Evaluation in Group Projects." Journal of Engineering Education Research 21, no. 5 (2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18108/jeer.2018.21.5.32.
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Prince, Ashley, Michael T. Brannick, Carolyn Prince, and Eduardo Salas. "Team Process Measurement and Implications for Training." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 17 (1992): 1351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118192786749289.
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The purpose of this research was to establish the construct validity of a behaviorally anchored rating scale developed to measure team process behaviors. This scale contains six skills (i.e. leadership, assertiveness, decision making/mission analysis, situation awareness, communication, adaptability/flexibility) that were identified through a prior needs analysis with training specialists and subject matter experts. Student and instructor pilots (104 individuals, 51 teams) participated in two team tasks (simulated aviation tasks) which were designed to elicit the team process behaviors identified for the rating scale, and were rated on their behaviors. A multitrait-multimethod analysis on the resulting ratings (Campbell and Fiske, 1959) was conducted. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity as well as some method bias were found when the method investigated was team task. Implications for the use of the team process scale in training are discussed.
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Fox, Lynn E. "AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 21, no. 4 (2012): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac21.4.136.
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Abstract The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.
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LACHAR, DAVID, SONJA L. RANDLE, R. ANDREW HARPER, et al. "The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C): Validity and Reliability of an Anchored Version." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, no. 3 (2001): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200103000-00013.
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Sibthorp, Jim. "Caveats for the Development and Use of a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale in Recreational Program Evaluation." Journal of Experiential Education 25, no. 3 (2003): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382590302500309.
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Shiwach, R. S., and V. Patel. "Aggressive Behaviour in Huntington’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Nursing Home Population." Behavioural Neurology 6, no. 1 (1993): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/424032.
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We describe a cross-sectional study of aggressive behaviour in a sample of patients suffering from Huntington's disease in a residential nursing home. Data were obtained using the RAGE, a behaviourally oriented rating scale for measuring aggressive behaviour in cognitively impaired patients. Nursing staff rated 27 patients after a 3 day observation period. A third of the sample were rated to be at least mildly aggressive; the frequencies of some specific types of aggressive behaviour were high. In contrast, the frequency of injuries sustained and the use of restraints and medication for aggressive behaviour were low. Aggressive behaviour was found to be significantly related to the degree of functional impairment. These data are compared with those reported in a study using the RAGE to assess aggressive behaviour in a sample of elderly patients with dementia.
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Brown, Gavin T. L. "Measuring Attitude with Positively Packed Self-Report Ratings: Comparison of Agreement and Frequency Scales." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (2004): 1015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.1015-1024.
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Self-report rating scales with balanced response formats, anchored with vague frequency of activity indicators, often elicit inadequate information, especially when respondents are inclined toward a generally positive attitude toward the psychological object being rated. This study used an unbalanced or positively packed rating scale with both frequency and agreement response anchors within the context of a questionnaire about studying and learning practices and conceptions for high school students ( N=734). Psychometric characteristics and communication factors were investigated using 12 pairs of items for which both frequency and agreement response formats were used. Communication factors identified by Schwarz in 1999 such as small changes in wording provided adequate explanation for changes in response rate or fit to the IRT measurement model for three pairs of items. Although psychometric evidence of the superiority of agreement over frequency response format was not conclusive, continued use of agreement anchors with a positively packed rating scale appears justified.
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Matthews, Michael D., and Scott A. Beal. "A Field Test of Two Methods for Assessing Infantry Situation Awareness." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (2002): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600329.
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Two methods for assessing situation awareness (SA) were field tested during infantry exercises. Eight platoons of U.S. Military Academy cadets executed an infantry mission during summer field training exercises. A subjective SA measure, the Mission Awareness Rating Scale (MARS), was given to each platoon leader and one squad leader from each platoon to self-assess both SA and cognitive workload demanded by the tasks. In addition, infantry expert observers rated each platoon and squad leader using the Situation Awareness Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (SABARS). Both MARS and SABARS had been validated previously in missions conducted in a virtual environment. In the current field test, both instruments showed evidence of successfully measuring SA. Both instruments show promise for assessing SA in the field, or in other venues where more obtrusive measurement protocols are undesirable.
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Reddy, Shalini T., Ara Tekian, Steven J. Durning, et al. "Preliminary Validity Evidence for a Milestones-Based Rating Scale for Chart-Stimulated Recall." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 3 (2018): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00435.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Minimally anchored Standard Rating Scales (SRSs), which are widely used in medical education, are hampered by suboptimal interrater reliability. Expert-derived frameworks, such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones, may be helpful in defining level-specific anchors to use on rating scales. Objective We examined validity evidence for a Milestones-Based Rating Scale (MBRS) for scoring chart-stimulated recall (CSR). Methods Two 11-item scoring forms with either an MBRS or SRS were developed. Items and anchors for the MBRS were adapted from the ACGME Internal Medicine Milestones. Six CSR standardized videos were developed. Clinical faculty scored videos using either the MBRS or SRS and following a randomized crossover design. Reliability of the MBRS versus the SRS was compared using intraclass correlation. Results Twenty-two faculty were recruited for instrument testing. Some participants did not complete scoring, leaving a response rate of 15 faculty (7 in the MBRS group and 8 in the SRS group). A total of 529 ratings (number of items × number of scores) using SRSs and 540 using MBRSs were available. Percent agreement was higher for MBRSs for only 2 of 11 items—use of consultants (92 versus 75, P = .019) and unique characteristics of patients (96 versus 79, P = .011)—and the overall score (89 versus 82, P < .001). Interrater agreement was 0.61 for MBRSs and 0.51 for SRSs. Conclusions Adding milestones to our rating form resulted in significant, but not substantial, improvement in intraclass correlation coefficient. Improvement was inconsistent across items.
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Stoskopf, Carleen H., Deborah C. Glik, Samuel L. Baker, James R. Ciesla, and Catherine M. Cover. "The Reliability and Construct Validity of a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale Used To Measure Nursing Assistant Performance." Evaluation Review 16, no. 3 (1992): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x9201600307.
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Bailley, Steven E., David Lachar, Howard M. Rhoades, Gretchen J. Diefenbach, Alex Espadas, and Roy V. Varner. "Quantifying Symptomatic Change During Acute Psychiatric Hospitalization Using New Subscales for the Anchored Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale." Psychological Services 1, no. 1 (2004): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1541-1559.1.1.68.
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Matosas-López, Luis, Santiago Leguey-Galán, and Luis Miguel Doncel-Pedrera. "Converting Likert Scales Into Behavioral Anchored Rating Scales(Bars) For The Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness For Formative Purposes." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 16, no. 3 (2019): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.16.3.9.
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Likert scales traditionally used in student evaluations of teaching (SET) suffer from several shortcomings, including psychometric deficiencies or ambiguity problems in the interpretation of the results. Assessment instruments with Behavioral Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) offer an alternative to Likerttype questionnaires. This paper describes the construction of an appraisal tool with BARS generated with the participation of 974 students and 15 teachers. The resulting instrument eliminates ambiguity in the interpretation of results and gives objectivity to the evaluation due to the use of unequivocal behavioral examples in the final scale. However, BARS methodology presents the problem of losing behavioral information during scale construction. The BARS methodology presented by the authors introduces an additional step to the traditional procedure, which significantly reduces the loss of information during the scale construction. The authors conclude that the qualitative approach of the proposed instrument facilitates the application of the formative function of the evaluation.
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Anshel, Mark H. "Development of a Rating Scale for Determining Competence in Basketball Referees: Implications for Sport Psychology." Sport Psychologist 9, no. 1 (1995): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.9.1.4.
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The purpose of this article is to describe the construction (Phase 1) and external validation (Phase 2) of a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) for identifying and measuring competencies for basketball referees (BARS-BR). In Phase 1, BARS-BR was developed by deriving a consensus of two panels of individuals (N = 20), with varying degrees of knowledge and experience in basketball officiating, about the proper competencies of basketball referees. The panels generated 13 performance categories (or competencies), each including at least three behavioral examples (or “anchors”). Phase 2 consisted of two stages: (a) obtaining external validity of BARS-BR by 212 practicing skilled basketball referees by indicating their support for the performance categories and behavioral examples, and (b) assessing performance effectiveness of high-skilled and novice referees on each of the 13 BARS performance competencies. The results lent support to the validation of the BARS-BR for assessing competence in basketball officiating. Implications for using the BARS technique in sports psychology are discussed.
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DAVIDSON, J. R. T., C. M. MINER, J. DE VEAUGH-GEISS, L. A. TUPLER, J. T. COLKET, and N. L. S. POTTS. "The Brief Social Phobia Scale: a psychometric evaluation." Psychological Medicine 27, no. 1 (1997): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291796004217.
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The Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) is an observer-rated scale designed to assess the characteristic symptoms of social phobia, using three subscales – fear, avoidance, and physiological arousal – which may be combined into a total score. Each of 18 BSPS items is anchored to a 5-point rating scale. Psychometric evaluation of the BSPS in a sample of 275 social-phobia patients yielded a high level of reliability and validity. Test–retest reliability was excellent, as was internal consistency. The fear and avoidance subscales demonstrated highly significant correlations with remaining item totals; however, the physiological subscale did not. The BSPS also demonstrated significant relationships with other established scales that assess anxiety and disability, and it proved sensitive to treatment effects in a trial of a 5-HT3 antagonist and placebo. Factor analysis yielded six meaningful factors. We conclude that the BSPS provides a reliable, valid, and sensitive measure for the evaluation of social phobia.
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Cleveland, Jeanette N., and Frank J. Landy. "Age Perceptions of Jobs: Convergence of Two Questionnaires." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3_part_2 (1987): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294187060003-211.1.
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Purpose of this study is to provide empirical information on the age perceptions of 40 managerial jobs. 120 managers were asked to complete either a frequency grid questionnaire or a numerically anchored rating scale describing their perceptions of the age distribution in each job. Jobs were classified as older, younger, or age-neutral only if results obtained using the two questionnaires provided converging classifications. Of these jobs 62% were classified as older, younger, or age-neutral using the convergence criteria. The consideration of contextual variables such as job characteristics is discussed in relation to decision outcomes.
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Ohland, Matthew W., Misty L. Loughry, David J. Woehr, et al. "The Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness: Development of a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale for Self- and Peer Evaluation." Academy of Management Learning & Education 11, no. 4 (2012): 609–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amle.2010.0177.
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Taufik, Taufik, Prima Fithri, and Yudhi Erman Prathama. "Perancangan Aplikasi Sistem Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan dengan metode MBO dan BARS (Studi Kasus PLTA Maninjau)." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 13, no. 2 (2016): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v13.n2.p760-770.2014.
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Along with the development of science and technology today is so rapid, required human resource capacity and reliable quality which will support companies in improving the quality of the company. In response to the demanding needs of qualified human resources, Maninjau hydropower which is a branch of PT PLN and under Power Sector Bukittinggi, have tried to prepare the workforce to meet the requirements demanded by the busin ess. Way to do is to assess employee performance. Employee performance appraisal that applied hydropower Maninjau currently not able to see the performance and achievement of each employee. Hydroelectric Maninjau should improve the assessment of employees. The method can be done in assessing employee performance include the Management By Objectives (MBO) and Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS). For the fast growing data needs, then designed an application performance appraisal in hydropower Maninjau with BARS and MBO method.Application design is done by surveying systems, system analysis, system design and performance of the MBO method BARS, employee performance appraisal application design, and manufacturing applications, as well as verification and validation. Making an application is done using Microsoft Excel. Once the application is successfully validated, then the application implementation. Implementation is based on the employee's performance on the most recent period, namely 1 last semester (January-June) were conducted in June, 2013.Based on the validation has been done, it can be concluded that the application has to be used by hydropower Maninjau in assessing employee performance. As for the results of the implementation of applications, it can be seen that the performance of the employee on hydropower Maninjau in the last period was on average 80%. The assessment includes an assessment of the achievement of business results and work with behavioral weight ratio, 60% for work objectives (MBO) and 40% for work behavior (BARS).Keywords: Employee Performance Assessment, Management By Objective, Behaviorally Anchored Rating ScaleAbstrakBersama dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang begitu pesat dewasa ini, kapasitas sumber daya manusia dan kehandalan kualitas sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas perusahaan secara keseluruhan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan permintaan akan sumber daya manusia yang berkualifikasi, PLTA Maninjau yang merupakan cabang dari PT PLN dan berada dibawah Sektor Pembangkitan Bukittinggi, telah mencoba mempersiapkan tenaga kerja yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan permintaan bisnis. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan hal ini adalah dengan menilai performansi pekerja. Penilaian performansi pekerja yang dilakukan pada PLTA Maninjau saat ini belum mampu melihat performansi dan pencapaian dari setiap pekerja. PLTA Maninjau harus meningkatkan proses penilaian pegawai-pegawai mereka. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai performansi pegawai adalah Management By Objective (MBO) dan Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS). Untuk menjawab semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan penyediaan data yang cepat, maka dirancang aplikasi penilaian performansi pada PLTA Maninjau menggunakan metode BARS dan MBO. Desain aplikasi dilakukan dengan tahapan survei terhadap sistem, analisis sistem, perancangan sistem penilaian performansi menggunakan metode MBO dan BARS, perancangan aplikasi penilaian performansi pekerja dan pembuatan aplikasi, beserta verifikasi dan validasi. Pembuatan aplikasi dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft Excell. Implementasi dilakukan setelah aplikasi tersebut divalidasi. Implementasi didasarkan pada performansi pekerja pada periode terkini, yaitu semester sebelumnya (Januari-Juni) yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2013. Berdasarkan validasi yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi layak digunakan oleh PLTA Maninjau untuk menilai performansi karyawan. Hasil implementasi aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa performansi pekerja PLTA Maninjau pada periode terakhir berada pada rata-rata 80%. Penilaian meliputi pencapaian sasaran kerja dan perilaku kerja dengan bobot 60% untuk sasaran kerja (MBO) dan 40% untuk perilaku kerja (BARS).Keywords: Penilaian performansi pekerja, Management By Objective (MBO), Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)
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Thorlacius, Örnólfur, and Einar Gudmundsson. "The Development of the Children’s Emotional Adjustment Scale–Preschool Version." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 37, no. 3 (2017): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282917744731.
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The study examined the psychometric properties of the Children’s Emotional Adjustment Scale–Preschool Version (CEAS-P), a new behavioral rating scale completed by parents. The scale measures preschoolers’ emotional functioning across three competency-based factors (Temper control, Social assertiveness, Anxiety control) anchored on healthy emotional development. In two independent community samples, mothers of 231 and 802 children aged 3 to 5 years answered the CEAS-P and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed factor structure. Scores on the CEAS-P factors were found to have satisfactory reliability (α = .88-.93) and acceptable concurrent validity with the SDQ. Temper control showed the highest correlation with SDQ Conduct problems ( r = −.66), whereas Social assertiveness and Anxiety control evidenced the highest correlations with SDQ Emotional symptoms ( r = −.45 and r = −.59, respectively). The findings suggest that the CEAS-P can be used to measure preschoolers’ emotional competence and may benefit researchers and practitioners examining normal as well as abnormal aspects of child mental health and development.
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Lachar, David, Steven E. Bailley, Howard M. Rhoades, et al. "New subscales for an anchored version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: Construction, reliability, and validity in acute psychiatric admissions." Psychological Assessment 13, no. 3 (2001): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.13.3.384.
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Rosa, Moacyr Alexandro, Marco Antônio Marcolin, and Hélio Elkis. "Evaluation of the factors interfering with drug treatment compliance among Brazilian patients with schizophrenia." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 27, no. 3 (2005): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462005000300005.
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BACKGROUND: Treatment noncompliance among schizophrenic patients is as high as 50%. In order to rate compliance and assess the most significant differences between compliant and noncompliant patients, a Brazilian population of schizophrenic outpatients was followed for one year. METHODS: Fifty outpatients were selected. Clinical interview, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Anchored version (BPRS-A) and an expanded version of the Rating of Medical Influences (ROMI) scale (used to rate patient attitudes toward compliance) were applied at baseline. The BPRS-A was used in the follow-up visits (approximately once a month). Missing two consecutive appointments without explanation or taking less than 75% of the medication (by written family report) was considered noncompliance. RESULTS: Noncompliance was 48% over one year. Patients in the noncompliant group presented initial worsening of psychotic symptoms (p< 0.05) and had been treated for a shorter length of time (p = 0.007). The ROMI scale showed that "perceived day-to-day benefit" was most strongly correlated with compliance, and feeling "distressed by side effects" was most strongly correlated with noncompliance. DISCUSSON: This study evaluates the frequency of noncompliance and the main reasons for complying in a population of schizophrenic outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of psychopathology was found to correlate with noncompliance (although not necessarily as its cause), as well as with duration of treatment. Noncompliance rates are high and must be taken into account in any treatment program.
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Majid, Abdul, and John Pragasam. "Interactions of Intolerance of Ambiguity and of Contingent Liability on Auditors' Avoidance of Litigation." Psychological Reports 81, no. 3 (1997): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.935.
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90 practicing auditors were given identical sets of financial statements except for the amount of contingent liability which was varied independently over three amounts of $50,000, $500,000, and $1 million Based on this information, they were to indicate on a 7-point rating scale anchored by 1 (little likelihood) to 7 (great likelihood), their likelihood of issuing an unqualified, i.e., clean, report. 65 useable responses were received. In accordance with the theory of tolerance for ambiguity, it was hypothesized that auditors who were rated on the MacDonald AT-20 scale as being intolerant of ambiguity would have less preference for an unqualified audit report at higher amounts of contingent liability than auditors who were rated as being tolerant of ambiguity. A between-subjects analysis of variance showed that the auditors' tolerance for ambiguity interacted with different amounts of contingent liability to affect the likelihood of their issuing an unqualified report. Implications in terms of auditors' avoidance of litigation by the client are also discussed.
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Yang, Rui, Hongbo Zhang, Xiaoping Wu, et al. "Hypothalamus-Anchored Resting Brain Network Changes before and after Sertraline Treatment in Major Depression." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/915026.
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Sertraline, one of the oldest antidepressants, remains to be the most efficacious treatment for depression. However, major depression disorder (MDD) is characterized by altered emotion processing and deficits in cognitive control. In cognitive interference tasks, patients with MDD have shown excessive hypothalamus activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antidepressant treatment (sertraline) on hypothalamus-anchored resting brain circuitry. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on depressed patients(n=12)both before and after antidepressant treatment. After eight weeks of antidepressant treatment, patients with depression showed significantly increased connectivity between the hypothalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, putamen, caudate, and claustrum. By contrast, decreased connectivity of the hypothalamus-related areas was primarily located in the inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, cingulated gyrus, precuneus, thalamus, and cerebellum. After eight weeks of antidepressant therapy, 8 out of the 12 depressed subjects achieved 70% reduction or better in depressive symptoms, as measured on the Hamilton depression rating scale. Our findings may infer that antidepressant treatment can alter the functional connectivity of the hypothalamus resting brain to achieve its therapeutic effect.
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Patnaik, Ronit, Nicholas E. Anton, and Dimitrios Stefanidis. "A video anchored rating scale leads to high inter-rater reliability of inexperienced and expert raters in the absence of rater training." American Journal of Surgery 219, no. 2 (2020): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.12.026.
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Gearhart, Randall F., M. Daniel Becque, Chad M. Palm, and Matthew D. Hutchins. "Rating Perceived Exertion during Short Duration, Very High Intensity Cycle Exercise." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 3 (2005): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3.767-773.
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This study compared undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during short duration, very high intensity cycle exercise using high and low resistance. 30 recreationally trained males (24.2 ± 2.4 yr.) were memory-anchored to the Borg 15-category scale. The high and low resistance exercises were defined by 30-sec. maximum tests assigned in counterbalanced order, with resistances set before testing during an orientation session. High resistance was 10% of body mass. Low resistance resulted in the same total work as the high resistance over the 30-sec. sessions (± 5%) but increased pedal rate. RPE was taken at 8, 13, 18, 23, and 28 sec. during the high and the low resistance exercises. Measurements were compared using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. RPE was significantly greater ( p = .005) for the high than the low resistance exercise at each interval. RPE increased when the subjects were required to pedal against a greater resistance and produce the highest forces. These RPE data are consistent with data from both aerobic cycle and resistance exercise. The data suggest that instantaneous force production, not summed work, is a primary determinant of RPE. All of these observations support Cafarelli's theoretical model of effort sense. In conclusion, as an individual generates more force during high resistance exercise than in light resistance exercise, a potential explanation of our results is that the increased motor outflow and corollary sensory signal lead to a greater sense of effort.
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Noboa, Karina, Joshua Keller, Kipp Hergenrader, et al. "Men Exhibit Greater Pain Pressure Thresholds and Times to Task Failure but Not Performance Fatigability Following Self-Paced Exercise." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 5 (2021): 2326–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211035028.
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The purpose of the current study was to determine if, and to what extent, sex differences in performance fatigability after a sustained, bilateral leg extension, anchored to a moderate rating of perceived exertion (RPE), could be attributed to muscle size, muscular strength, or pain pressure threshold (PPT) in young, healthy adults. Thirty adults (men: n = 15, women: n = 15) volunteered to complete a sustained leg extension task anchored to RPE = 5 (10-point OMNI scale) as well as pretest and posttest maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trials. The fatigue-induced decline in MVIC force was defined as performance fatigability. We used muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) to quantify muscle size and a dolorimeter to assess PPT. The sustained task induced fatigue such that both men and women exhibited significant ( p < 0.05) decreases in MVIC force from pretest to posttest ( M = 113.3, SD =24.2 kg vs. M = 98.3, SD = 23.1 kg and M = 73.1, SD =14.5 kg vs. M = 64.1, SD = 16.2 kg, respectively), with no significant sex differences in performance fatigability (grand M = 12.6, SD =10.6%). Men, however, exhibited significantly ( p < 0.05) longer time to task failure (TTF) than women ( M = 166.1, SD =83.0 seconds vs. M = 94.6, SD =41.7) as well as greater PPT ( M = 5.9, SD = 2.2 kg vs. M = 3.4, SD =1.1 kg). The only significant predictor of performance fatigability was PPT. In conclusion, differences in PPT, at least in part, mediate variations in TTF during self-paced exercise anchored to a specific RPE and resulting in performance fatigability.
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Blum, Richard H., John R. Boulet, Jeffrey B. Cooper, and Sharon L. Muret-Wagstaff. "Simulation-based Assessment to Identify Critical Gaps in Safe Anesthesia Resident Performance." Anesthesiology 120, no. 1 (2014): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000055.
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Abstract Background: Valid methods are needed to identify anesthesia resident performance gaps early in training. However, many assessment tools in medicine have not been properly validated. The authors designed and tested use of a behaviorally anchored scale, as part of a multiscenario simulation-based assessment system, to identify high- and low-performing residents with regard to domains of greatest concern to expert anesthesiology faculty. Methods: An expert faculty panel derived five key behavioral domains of interest by using a Delphi process (1) Synthesizes information to formulate a clear anesthetic plan; (2) Implements a plan based on changing conditions; (3) Demonstrates effective interpersonal and communication skills with patients and staff; (4) Identifies ways to improve performance; and (5) Recognizes own limits. Seven simulation scenarios spanning pre-to-postoperative encounters were used to assess performances of 22 first-year residents and 8 fellows from two institutions. Two of 10 trained faculty raters blinded to trainee program and training level scored each performance independently by using a behaviorally anchored rating scale. Residents, fellows, facilitators, and raters completed surveys. Results: Evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the assessment scores was procured, including a high generalizability coefficient (ρ2 = 0.81) and expected performance differences between first-year resident and fellow participants. A majority of trainees, facilitators, and raters judged the assessment to be useful, realistic, and representative of critical skills required for safe practice. Conclusion: The study provides initial evidence to support the validity of a simulation-based performance assessment system for identifying critical gaps in safe anesthesia resident performance early in training.
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Mims, Lauren, Johnell O. Brooks, Timothy M. Jenkins, et al. "Instructor’s Rating of Driver’s Performance during an Anti-Lock Braking Exercise on a Closed-Road Course." Safety 7, no. 3 (2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7030062.
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Rear-end crashes are a common crash scenario, which contribute to many traffic related injuries and fatalities. A performance driving center offers adult car control classes focused on defensive driving skills, which include both classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction on a closed-road course. One focus of the class is activation of the anti-lock braking system (ABS), which was designed to help drivers during emergency braking situations. In the classroom, participants learn what ABS is as well as how and when it functions. On the closed-road course, participants learn how to activate ABS and how the system feels when it is activated. The goal of this study was to understand how knowledge of and experience with ABS prior to the class relates to a driver’s ability to activate ABS. The participants’ ability to activate ABS was evaluated by the driving instructor using a behaviorally anchored rating scale. Participants completed a survey before and after the class to gain knowledge of and experience with ABS. The results of the study showed that participants who previously knew what ABS felt like or had prior practice/training activating ABS performed significantly better activating ABS than those who simply knew what ABS means or had previously experienced ABS activation during their first of multiple attempts.
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Alves, Tânia Maria, Júlio César Rodrigues Pereira, and Hélio Elkis. "The psychopathological factors of refractory schizophrenia." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 27, no. 2 (2005): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462005000200007.
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OBJECTIVES: The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations in schizophrenia has lead to the study of symptom clusters through psychopathological assessment scales. The objective of this study was to elucidate clusters of symptoms in patients with refractory schizophrenia which may also help to assess the patients' therapeutical response. METHODS: Ninety-six treatment resistant patients were evaluated by the anchored version Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-A) as translated into Portuguese. The inter-rater reliability was 0.80. The 18 items of the BPRS-A were subjected to exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. RESULTS: Four factors were obtained: Negative/Disorganization, composed by emotional withdrawal, disorientation, blunted affect, mannerisms/posturing, and conceptual disorganization; Excitement, composed of excitement, hostility, tension, grandiosity, and uncooperativeness, grouped variables that evoke brain excitement or a manic-like syndrome; Positive, composed of unusual thought content, suspiciousness, and hallucinatory behavior; and Depressive, composed of depressive mood, guilt feelings, and motor retardation, clearly related to depressive syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The study reproduced the four factors described in the literature, either in refractory or non-refractory patients. The BPRS-A allowed the distinction of psychopathological factors, which are important in the evaluation of treatment response of patients with schizophrenia.
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Siccoli, Alessandro, Victor E. Staartjes, Marlies P. de Wispelaere, and Marc L. Schröder. "Association of time to surgery with leg pain after lumbar discectomy: is delayed surgery detrimental?" Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 32, no. 2 (2020): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.8.spine19613.
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OBJECTIVEWhile it has been established that lumbar discectomy should only be performed after a certain waiting period unless neurological deficits are present, little is known about the association of late surgery with outcome. Using data from a prospective registry, the authors aimed to quantify the association of time to surgery (TTS) with leg pain outcome after lumbar discectomy and to identify a maximum TTS cutoff anchored to the minimum clinically important difference (MCID).METHODSTTS was defined as the time from the onset of leg pain caused by radiculopathy to the time of surgery in weeks. MCID was defined as a minimum 30% reduction in the numeric rating scale score for leg pain from baseline to 12 months. A Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to quantify the association of TTS with MCID. Maximum TTS cutoffs were derived both quantitatively, anchored to the area under the curve (AUC), and qualitatively, based on cutoff-specific MCID rates.RESULTSFrom a prospective registry, 372 patients who had undergone first-time tubular microdiscectomy were identified; 308 of these patients (83%) obtained an MCID. Attaining an MCID was associated with a shorter TTS (HR 0.718, 95% CI 0.546–0.945, p = 0.018). Effect size was preserved after adjustment for potential confounders. The optimal maximum TTS was estimated at 23.5 weeks based on the AUC, while the cutoff-specific method suggested 24 weeks. Discectomy after this cutoff starts to yield MCID rates under 80%. The 24-week cutoff also coincided with the time point after which the specificity for MCID first drops below 50% and after which the negative predictive value for nonattainment of MCID first surpasses ≥ 20%.CONCLUSIONSThe study findings suggest that late lumbar discectomy is linked with poorer patient-reported outcomes and that—in accordance with the literature—a maximum TTS of 6 months should be aimed for.
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White, Michelle C., Kirsten Randall, Vaonandianina A. Ravelojaona, et al. "Sustainability of using the WHO surgical safety checklist: a mixed-methods longitudinal evaluation following a nationwide blended educational implementation strategy in Madagascar." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 6 (2018): e001104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001104.
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BackgroundThe WHO Surgical Safety Checklist reduces postoperative complications by up to 50% with the biggest gains in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However in LMICs, checklist use is sporadic and widespread implementation has hitherto been unsuccessful. In 2015/2016, we partnered with the Madagascar Ministry of Health to undertake nationwide implementation of the checklist. We report a longitudinal evaluation of checklist use at 12–18 months postimplementation.MethodsHospitals were identified from the original cohort using purposive sampling. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design, the primary outcome was self-reported checklist use. Secondary outcomes included use of basic safety processes, assessment of team behaviour, predictors of checklist use, impact on individuals and organisational culture and identification of barriers. Data were collected during 1-day hospital visits using validated questionnaires, WHO Behaviourally Adjusted Rating Scale (WHOBARS) assessment tool and focus groups and analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate linear regression and thematic analysis.Results175 individuals from 14 hospitals participated. 74% reported sustained checklist use after 15 months. Mean WHOBARS scores were high, indicating good team engagement. Sustained checklist use was associated with an improved overall understanding of patient safety but not with WHOBARS, hospital size or surgical volume. 87% reported improved understanding of patient safety and 83% increased job satisfaction. Thematic analysis identified improvements in hospital culture (teamwork and communication, preparation and organisation, trust and confidence) and hospital practice (pulse oximetry, timing of antibiotic prophylaxis, introduction of a surgical count). Lack of time in an emergency and obstructive leadership were the greatest implementation barriers.Conclusion74% of participants reported sustained checklist use 12–18 months following nationwide implementation in Madagascar, with associated improvements in job satisfaction, culture and compliance with safety procedures. Further work is required to examine this implementation model in other countries.
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Dubinsky, M. C., A. Naegeli DrPH, MPH, Y. Dong, T. Lissoos, V. Arora, and P. Irving. "P126 The Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): a novel patient-reported outcome measure to assess bowel urgency in adult patients with ulcerative colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (2020): S200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.255.
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Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterised by inflammation of the rectum and colon. Bowel urgency, the sudden need for a bowel movement, is one of the most bothersome and important symptoms of UC. Treatment goals in UC focus on restoration of normal bowel frequency, control of primary symptoms of bleeding and urgency, and resolution of inflammation. The Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a newly developed patient-reported measure to assess the severity of the urgency to have a bowel movement in adult patients with UC. Methods Development of the Urgency NRS was informed through semi-structured concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews. The scale asks patients to report on the immediacy status of their UC symptom over the past 24 h on an 11-point horizontal NRS anchored at 0 (No urgency) and 10 (Worst possible urgency), with higher scores indicating worse urgency severity (i.e. immediacy of need to have a bowel movement). A 2-week daily diary pilot study was conducted to assess floor and ceiling effects, test–retest reliability and construct validity. Weekly average scores were calculated as mean score over each 7-day period. A bootstrapping simulation was used to assess test–retest with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) [≥0.70 = substantial agreement] between week 1 and week 2 scores. Content validity was assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlation with stool frequency (SF) and patient global rating of severity (PGR-S) scores using Cohen’s conventions [r ≥ 0.5 = large; 0.3 to ≤0.5 = moderate] using week 1 scores. Results Through qualitative interviews, 16 adult UC patients (mean age 37.9 ± 11.6 years; 50% female; 56% White) confirmed relevance, item content and comprehensiveness of the Urgency NRS. Forty-one adult UC patients (mean age 44.2 ± 14.6 years; 51% female; 56% White) completed the 2-week study. Item distributions were uniform, with no ceiling or floor effects for the Urgency NRS (Figure 1). Test–retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.877), with simulated 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.770 to 0.947. There was a high correlation between average urgency NRS and PGR-S scores, and a moderate correlation was observed between average Urgency NRS and number of stools in the first week (Table 1). Conclusion Bowel urgency is an important symptom of UC, distinct from bowel frequency and rectal bleeding. The urgency NRS is a well-defined, content-valid and reliable measurement of bowel urgency that may be used to help characterise disease activity in adult patients with UC.
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Campora, E., M. Schellino, F. Ardissone, et al. "Management of pain in patients (PTS) receiving active therapy for cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 19645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19645.
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19645 Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates suggest that moderate to severe pain is experienced by one- third of pts receiving active therapy for their disease and by 60–90% of patients with advanced disease. Procedures that make pain assessment and effective management strategies a routine part of every patient care are recommended. The aim of this study was to integrate nursing intervention with physician management of cronic cancer pain experienced by pts receiving active therapy for cancer. Methods: An Oncology Nurse measured pain in all patients (universal screening) presenting at the Day Hospital for active therapy. Pain was measured using a validated instrument: the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The pain intensity VAS scale is a 10 cm line anchored on either end by the terms least possible pain and worst possible pain. In addition. the Memorial Pain Assessment Care (MPAC) that consists of 3 VAS scales that measure pain intensity, pain relief and mood and a set of pain severity descriptors adapted from the Tursky rating scale was used. Results: From April 2004 to June 2006 a total of 704 pts were evaluated for pain, 334 (47%) males and 370 (53 %) females with median age 65 years (range 19–85). Results of pain measurement can be synthesized as follows: Pts with VAS = 4 were referred to the oncologist on the same day that pain was measured and analgesics were prescribed according to intensity and type of pain. Conclusions: Results indicate that pain can be universally evaluated and successfully managed in an Oncology Day Hospital. Assessment and treatment of cancer pain should be integrated into routine cancer care. Intervention by the oncology nursing staff is an integral part of effective cancer pain management. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
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Jumag, Erlinda P., and Jerald C. Moneva. "A Case Study on Narcissism and Anxiety amongst Students." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 16, no. 1 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v16.n1.p9.
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<p>The study intends to assess the level of the narcissism of students and the level of anxiety. Narcissism is an excessive admiration and unrealistic positive view of oneself and physical appearance. While anxiety is a feeling of having fear of what might happen that is usually experienced by the students. The study is anchored in the Cognitive Development Theory of Jean Piaget in 1936. He explained anxiety as the tendency to overestimate the potential for danger. This research study used the correlational quantitative design because it examined the association between the level of the narcissism of students and the level of anxiety. Using a rating scale questionnaire on the level of narcissism and the level of anxiety is the level of anxiety among senior high school students. The researchers found out that most of the students feel assertive. Also, they seldom like to be the center of attention which means of having a narcissistic personality which could affect the way they perform in school. Meanwhile, they also feel anxious of hearing the announcement of a coming test and reading the first question on final exam. The data gathered was treated with the use of statistical tests the weighted mean and chi-square. The study showed that there is an association between the level of narcissism and level of anxiety.</p>
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Currow, David C., Joanna M. Smith, Phichai Chansriwong, et al. "Missed opportunity? Worsening breathlessness as a harbinger of death: a cohort study." European Respiratory Journal 52, no. 3 (2018): 1800684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00684-2018.
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The aim of the study was to explore trajectories of breathlessness intensity by function and life-limiting illness diagnosis in the last 3 weeks of life in palliative care patients.A prospective, consecutive cohort study obtained point-of-care data of patients of Silver Chain Hospice Care Service (Perth, Australia) over the period 2011–2014 (n=6801; 51 494 data-points). Breathlessness intensity (0–10 numerical rating scale) and physical function (Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS)) were measured at each visit. Time was anchored at death. Breathlessness trajectory was analysed by physical function and diagnosis using mixed effects regression.Mean±sdage was 71.5±15.1 years and 55.2% were male, most with cancer. The last recorded AKPS was >40 for 26.8%. Breathlessness was worst in people with cardiorespiratory disease and AKPS >40, and breathlessness in the last week of life increased most in this group (adjusted mean 2.92versusall others 1.51; p=0.0001). The only significant interaction was with diagnosis and function in the last week of life (p<0.0001).Breathlessness is more intense and increases more in people with better function and cardiorespiratory disease immediately before death. Whether there are reversible causes for these people should be explored prospectively. Omitting function from previous population estimates may have overestimated breathlessness intensity for many patients in the days preceding death.
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Chan, Teresa M., Jonathan Sherbino, and Mathew Mercuri. "Nuance and Noise: Lessons Learned From Longitudinal Aggregated Assessment Data." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 9, no. 6 (2017): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00086.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Competency-based medical education requires frequent assessment to tailor learning experiences to the needs of trainees. In 2012, we implemented the McMaster Modular Assessment Program, which captures shift-based assessments of resident global performance. Objective We described patterns (ie, trends and sources of variance) in aggregated workplace-based assessment data. Methods Emergency medicine residents and faculty members from 3 Canadian university-affiliated, urban, tertiary care teaching hospitals participated in this study. During each shift, supervising physicians rated residents' performance using a behaviorally anchored scale that hinged on endorsements for progression. We used a multilevel regression model to examine the relationship between global rating scores and time, adjusting for data clustering by resident and rater. Results We analyzed data from 23 second-year residents between July 2012 and June 2015, which yielded 1498 unique ratings (65 ± 18.5 per resident) from 82 raters. The model estimated an average score of 5.7 ± 0.6 at baseline, with an increase of 0.005 ± 0.01 for each additional assessment. There was significant variation among residents' starting score (y-intercept) and trajectory (slope). Conclusions Our model suggests that residents begin at different points and progress at different rates. Meta-raters such as program directors and Clinical Competency Committee members should bear in mind that progression may take time and learning trajectories will be nuanced. Individuals involved in ratings should be aware of sources of noise in the system, including the raters themselves.
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Liu, Minhui, Xi Zhang, Jinnan Xiao, Feng Ge, Siyuan Tang, and Basia Belza. "Community readiness assessment for disseminating evidence-based physical activity programs to older adults in Changsha, China: a case for Enhance®Fitness." Global Health Promotion 27, no. 1 (2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975918785144.
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Physical activity (PA) has declined in China due to urbanization in the past two decades. Evidence-based programs are good approaches to promote PA, but are limited in China. Adopting existing programs can be a viable option. Prior to that, readiness assessment is needed. This study aimed to assess community readiness levels for disseminating evidence-based PA programs to older adults in Changsha, China. In-person interviews were conducted with 33 participants of five districts in Changsha to assess the community readiness level in five dimensions: community knowledge of efforts, community climate, community knowledge about the issue, leadership and resources. Data was transcribed, reviewed and compared with an anchored rating scale to provide a stage of readiness score ranging from 1 (no awareness) to 9 (high level of community ownership). Participants included 14 community staff, 13 older adults, four community leaders and three health professionals. The top three barriers to disseminating PA programs were lack of appropriate locations, funding and instructors. The top three resources were availability of indoor space, chairs and loudspeakers. Community leadership was the highest-rated readiness dimension (3.3 out of 9) followed by community climate (3.2), community knowledge of efforts (3.1) and resources (2.8); knowledge about the issue scored the lowest (2.7). The overall community stage readiness score of Changsha was 3.0 out of 9. The stage of readiness for communities in Changsha, China is ‘vague awareness’. Developing strategies to improve community readiness levels may increase evidence-based PA program dissemination in Changsha, China.
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Sabourin, Shelby, Justin Tram, Breanna L. Sheldon, and Julie G. Pilitsis. "Defining minimal clinically important differences in pain and disability outcomes of patients with chronic pain treated with spinal cord stimulation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 35, no. 2 (2021): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.11.spine201431.
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OBJECTIVE Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds for a limited number of outcome metrics were previously defined for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) at 6 months after spinal cord stimulation (SCS). This study aimed to further define MCID values for pain and disability outcomes. Additionally, the authors established 1-year MCID values for outcome measures with previously defined metrics commonly used to assess SCS efficacy. METHODS Preoperative and 1-year postoperative outcomes were collected from 114 patients who received SCS therapy for FBSS, complex regional pain syndrome, and neuropathic pain. MCID values were established for the numerical rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Four established anchor-based methods were utilized to compute MCID values with two anchored questions: “Are you satisfied with SCS therapy?” and “Would you have SCS surgery again?” For each question, patients were categorized as responders if they answered “yes” or as nonresponders if they responded “no.” The methodologies utilized to compute MCID scores included the average change method, minimum detectable change approach, change difference calculation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis has been shown to inform the accuracy at which the MCID value can distinguish responders from nonresponders and was analyzed for each instrument. RESULTS For the first time, ranges of MCID values after SCS were established for MPQ (1–2.3) and PCS (1.9–13.6). One-year MCID values were defined for all indications: NRS (range 0.9–2.7), ODI (3.5–6.9), and BDI (2–5.9). AUC values were significant for NRS (0.78, p < 0.001), ODI (0.71, p = 0.003), MPQ (0.74, p < 0.001), and PCS (0.77, p < 0.001), indicating notable accuracy for distinguishing satisfied patients. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to successfully determine MCID values for two prominent instruments, MPQ and PCS, used to assess pain after SCS surgery. Additionally, previously established MCID values for ODI, BDI, and the visual analog scale for patients with FBSS at 6 months after treatment were explored at 12 months for the most common indications for SCS. These data may better inform physicians of patient response to and success with SCS therapy.
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Zamjahn, John B., Raquel Baroni de Carvalho, Megan H. Bronson, Deborah D. Garbee, and John T. Paige. "eAssessment: development of an electronic version of the Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing tool to streamline evaluation of video recorded debriefings." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 10 (2018): 1284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy113.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective The Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD) is an evidence-based, 8-item tool that uses a behaviorally anchored rating scale in paper-based form to evaluate the quality of debriefing in medical education. The objective of this project was twofold: 1) to create an easy-to-use electronic format of the OSAD (eOSAD) in order to streamline data entry; and 2) to pilot its use on videoed debriefings. Materials and Methods The eOSAD was developed in collaboration with the LSU Health New Orleans Epidemiology Data Center using SurveyGizmo (Widgix Software, LLC, Boulder, CO, USA) software. The eOSAD was then piloted by 2 trained evaluators who rated 37 videos of faculty teams conducting pre-briefing and debriefing after a high-fidelity trauma simulation. Inter-rater reliability was assessed, and evaluators’ qualitative feedback was obtained. Results Inter-rater reliability was good [prebrief, intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.955 (95% CI, 0.912–0.977), P &lt; .001; debrief, ICC = 0.853 (95% CI, 0.713–0.924), P &lt; .001]. Qualitative feedback from evaluators found that the eOSAD was easy to complete, simple to read and add comments, and reliably stored data that were readily retrievable, enabling the smooth dissemination of information collected. Discussion The eOSAD features a secure login, sharable internet access link for distant evaluators, and the immediate exporting of data into a secure database for future analysis. It provided convenience for end-users, produced reliable assessments among independent evaluators, and eliminated multiple sources of possible data corruption. Conclusion The eOSAD tool format advances the post debriefing evaluation of videoed inter-professional team training in high-fidelity simulation.